大学体验英语项目组《大学体验英语综合教程(4)》第3版学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答

Unit11.Taxes are a(n)obligation which may fall on everybody. 1税收是一个义务，可能会落在每个人。

2.2 We applauded the authority's decision not to close the hospital. 2我们赞扬了当局不关闭医院的决定。

3. The doctor's instructions must be fulfilled exactly; the sick man's life depends on it. 3。

医生的指示必须精确地完成，病人的生命取决于它的寿命。

4. Do these opinion polls really . mirror what people are thinking? 做这些民意调查真的。

镜子有什么人在想什么？5，I prefer to think of memorization as a stepping-stone to flexibility in use of words and phrases. 我更相信记忆是垫脚石对于灵活地使用的单词和短语。

6. In her office memos she tended to devalue the work done by her staff.在她的办公室备忘录她倾向于贬低她的工作人员所做的工作。

7. The history of railroad transport has partly been a history of striving for greater efficiency and profit. 铁路运输的历史部分一直是追求更高的效率和利润的历史。

8. He took on the new post without having the faintest idea of whatit entailed，在他上任之前他对他的新职位一无所知9. He is supposedly one of the greatest experts in that field. 他是一个伟大的专家在这一领域。

大学体验英语项目组《大学体验英语综合教程（4）》（第3版）学习指南Unit1一、词汇短语Passage Aunsung[]adj.(歌)未唱的；未被诗歌赞颂的，埋没的petty[]adj.小的，琐碎的；不重要的；心胸狭窄的；卑鄙的【例句】I’m not that petty.我不是那么小气。

【助记】pet宠物，ty小－小宠物－不重要的；ky结尾一般有小的意思marginal[]adj.记在页边的，旁注的；(意识)边缘的；不重要的；少量的【例句】It is a good habit to make marginal notes while reading.读书时做些旁注是个好习惯。

【助记】margin mark+音：纸，在纸上作记号是在边上记。

abuse[]vt.滥用；辱骂，诋毁n.滥用；恶习，弊端【例句】①I'll not abuse your hospitality，your kindness.我不会辜负你的热情招待和好意。

②Corruption is a major abuse in modern politics.贪污受贿是现代政治的一个主要弊端。

【助记】ab(离开)+use(使用)→离开了正常的使用→滥用【派生】abusive adj.辱骂的；滥用的；虐待的abusively adv.滥用地；辱骂地abused n.滥用，恶习；受虐deadbeat[]n.游手好闲者；赖债不还的人；落泊者adj.非周期的；直进式的dubious[]adj.可疑的，不确定的，靠不住的【例句】The result is still dubious.结果尚未定。

【词组】be dubious about/of对…有怀疑的【助记】du(两，双)+bious→两种状态→不肯定的→犹豫不决的。

【派生】dubiety n.可疑的东西；可疑性gutter[]n.排水沟；槽；贫民区syndrome[]n.综合病症；并发症状(特征)；并存特性【例句】The spots on his throat are part of a syndrome.他嗓子里的红斑是一种综合征的部分症状。

1 infringevt. ①break (a rule, an agreement, etc) 违反，违背( 规则、协议等)：infringe the regulations 违反规则②infringe on /upon sth.: affect sth. so as to limit or restrict it 侵犯；侵入；侵害：infringe on the rights of other people 侵害他人权利【联想】派生词infringement n. 违反；侵害。

2 duplicate①v. make an exact copy of (sth.) 复制( 某物)②n. one of two or more things that are exactly alike; copy 相似物，复制品：Is this a duplicateor the original?这是复制件还是原件?【联想】派生词duplication n. 复制，重复；duplicator n. 复印机【短语】in duplicate 一式两份3 tacticn. means of achieving sth.; expedient 手段；策略：a brilliant tactic 高招【联想】派生词tactical adj. 战术上的，兵法上的，策略上的; tactically adv. 策略性地；近义词strategy。

4 enforcev. ①~ sth. (on sb.) force people to obey (a law, etc); make sth. effective 强迫服从( 法律等)；使某事物生效；实施；执行：The police are there to enforce the law. 有警方负责执法。

②make (sth.) happen or bring (sth.) about by force迫使(某事)发生：enforced silence,discipline, idleness被迫的沉默、强迫执行的纪律、被迫的无事可做【联想】派生词enforceable adj. 可强迫的，可实施的，可强制执行的；enforcement n. 强制，执行；加强；近义词force。

大学体验英语项目组《大学体验英语综合教程（4）》（第3版）学习指南Unit3一、词汇短语Passage Apluck[]n.勇气，胆量；决心v.采，摘，拔(毛)；鼓起(勇气)，振作【例句】①She tried to pluck out some of her grey hairs.她想拔掉一些自己的白头发。

②He can’t pluck up the courage to leave home.他鼓不起离开家的勇气。

【词组】pluck up鼓起，振作pluck up courage鼓足勇气，克服恐惧pluck away扯去，撕去pluck sth(off/out)拔除或摘除某物；采某物【助记】p破，luck运气，因为被拔了毛，拔你毛的人很有勇气运气很破的人需要面对困难的勇气summon[]v.召集，召唤；鼓起(勇气)，振作(精神)；传唤，传讯【例句】He was summoned to appear in court on a charge of careless driving.他被指控违章驾驶，受到法庭的传唤。

【词组】summon sb.(to sth.)；summon sb.(together)召唤某人；召集(大家)【助记】sum总和+on把人家一起召唤上来。

statutory[]adj.法定的，法令的；依照法令的；可依法处罚的infringement[]n.侵犯；违反contend[]v.斗争，竞争；主张【例句】The boy contended that I took the book.那孩子硬说我拿了那本书。

【词组】contend for争取【助记】con(共同)+tend(延伸，伸展)→共同伸展→彼此竞争【派生】contention n.争论，争辩；争夺；论点swift[]adj.&adv.快的(地)；敏捷的(地)，立刻的n.雨燕【例句】He was swift to condemn the violence/in condemning the violence.他立即谴责了那种暴力行为。

大学体验英语项目组《大学体验英语综合教程（4）》（第3版）学习指南Unit2一、词汇短语Passage Aorphanage[]n.孤儿院；孤儿身份【例句】I founded an orphanage last year and feel obliged to take care of those children.去年我创办了一个孤儿院。

我觉得有责任去照顾那些小孩。

sin[]n.罪，罪恶v.犯罪【例句】I guess ignorance must be a sin.我认为无知是一种罪。

【助记】s(形似：蛇)+in(里面)→心如毒蛇→罪孽【派生】sinner n.罪人；有错者linguistic[]adj.语言上的，语言学上的【例句】The ability to write is a supreme test of linguistic competence.写作能力是对语言能力的最高形式的测试。

hale and hearty精神充沛的，矍铄的；老当益壮的，健壮的glamour[]n.魔力，魅力；妖艳vt.迷惑【例句】Do you still think there’s glamour in the advertising business?你是否还认为广告具有诱惑力？【词组】cast a glamour over使迷住，迷住(某人)；给…增添几分魅力【助记】glamour音“哥来摸”→妹妹有魅力，哥来摸。

【派生】glamorous adj.迷人的，富有魅力的impute[]vt.归罪于，归咎于；嫁祸于【例句】Why do you impute selfish motives to her?你为什么说她的动机是自私的？ruddy[]adj.红的；红润的adv.极度；非常vt.使变红vi.变红【例句】That hunter has a ruddy face because he is outdoors so much.那个猎人脸色红润，因为他长期待在户外。

1 infringevt. ①break (a rule, an agreement, etc) 违反，违背( 规则、协议等)：infringe the regulations 违反规则②infringe on /upon sth.: affect sth. so as to limit or restrict it 侵犯；侵入；侵害：infringe on the rights of other people 侵害他人权利【联想】派生词infringement n. 违反；侵害。

2 duplicate①v. make an exact copy of (sth.) 复制( 某物)②n. one of two or more things that are exactly alike; copy 相似物，复制品：Is this a duplicateor the original?这是复制件还是原件?【联想】派生词duplication n. 复制，重复；duplicator n. 复印机【短语】in duplicate 一式两份3 tacticn. means of achieving sth.; expedient 手段；策略：a brilliant tactic 高招【联想】派生词tactical adj. 战术上的，兵法上的，策略上的; tactically adv. 策略性地；近义词strategy。

4 enforcev. ①~ sth. (on sb.) force people to obey (a law, etc); make sth. effective 强迫服从( 法律等)；使某事物生效；实施；执行：The police are there to enforce the law. 有警方负责执法。

②make (sth.) happen or bring (sth.) about by force迫使(某事)发生：enforced silence,discipline, idleness被迫的沉默、强迫执行的纪律、被迫的无事可做【联想】派生词enforceable adj. 可强迫的，可实施的，可强制执行的；enforcement n. 强制，执行；加强；近义词force。

Unit 6Listen1. serious2. involves3. several4. changes5. families6. means7. painful8. Get a medical checkup to rule out any other illnesses that might be causing signs of depression9. Go to the government services pages and look for health clinics or community health centers10. There are two common types of treatment for depression:medicine and talk therapyThink about it1.Die-hard football fans are those who love football games too much ortake it too seriously. Their love affair with a team makes them pay less attention to their work, their study, or even their families. Their self-esteem soars with victory and plummets in defeat, which sometimes affects their lives long afterwards.2.Yes, I do. And I think almost everyone has his or her own favoritesports or recreational activities, such as reading, watching TV, playing basketball, watching basketball games and playing cards.3. Although I am not a hard-core football fan, I like to watch football matches. But football is just a game, and to me it is a kind oflight-hearted display of athletic prowess. Everyone should have his orher own normal life. We can have our hobbies but we should not overdo it.爱好足球有利健康吗？——为什么球迷知道真相当球队取胜时，铁杆球迷会兴奋到极点；而当球队失败时，他们又会极度低迷。

Unit1Passage a1。

Taxes are a(n) ____________ which may fall on everybody.2. We ____________ the authority's decision not to close the hospital.3. The doctor's instructions must be ____________ exactly；the sick man’s life depends on it.4。

Do these opinion polls really ____________ what people are thinking？5. I prefer to think of memorization as a stepping—stone to____________ in use of words and phrases。

6。

In her office memos she tended to____________ the work done by her staff.7. The history of railroad transport has partly been a history of____________ for greater efficiency and profit。

8。

He took on the new post without having the faintest idea of what it____________ .9. He is____________ one of the greatest experts in that field.10. Absolute secrecy is essential.____________ , the fewer who are aware of the project the better。

Lead-inIn Britain, people tend to make jokes about some jobs or professions, or to hold stereotyped views of them. For example, sailors are supposed to have a "wife" in every port, university professors are often seen as absent-minded or forgetful. there are a lotof dirty jokes about sales representatives and they are generally regarded as not particularly dependable other jobs may be well-paid or very responsible, but thegeneral public think they are funny or rather boring. For instance, in most other European countries to be an engineer is to be somebody. Funnily enough, in Britain engineers are thought of as gloomy rather than cheerful as result of people'signorance of the importance of engineers in society在英国,人们倾向于使开玩笑某种工作或职业,或持有的观点。

例如,水手们应该有一个“妻子”在每一个端口,大学教授往往被视为心不在焉或健忘。

有很多肮脏的销售代表,他们通常认为是开玩笑不是特别可靠的其他工作可以高薪或非常负责任,但公众认为他们有趣或而无聊。

1 createv. ①cause (sth.) to exist; make (sth new or original) 创造；创建；创作：The novelists create the characters and a plot. 小说家塑造了人物并设计作品的情节。

②have (sth.) as a result; produce引起；产生：The outrageous book created a sensation.那部耸人听闻的书曾轰动一时。

【联想】同根词creation n. 创造，创建，产生；创造的产物；creative adj. 创造( 性) 的，有创造力的；creator n. 创造者；造物主；creature n. 生物；动物；人2 assumev. ①accept (sth.) as true before there is proof 假定；假设；设想；以为：I am assuming that the present situation is going to continue. 我认为目前的情况会继续进行下去。

②pretend; put on or display (sth.) falsely 装作；假装：The look of innocence she assumedhad us all fooled. 她装作无辜的样子把我们都愚弄了。

【联想】派生词assumption n. 假设，设想；假装；assumed adj. 假装的，假的；近义词3 chargen. ①price asked for goods or services( 货物或服务所需的) 费用：His charges are very reasonable. 他要的价钱很公道。

②responsible possession; care; custody 掌管；照管；监护：He assumed full charge of thefirm in his father’s absence. 他父亲不在时由他全权掌管公司。