ZL50装载机工作装置设计说明书

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太原科技大学

毕业设计说明书

（2008届）

ZL50装载机

反转单连杆工作装置设计

学生姓名

学 号

院 系

专 业

指导教师

日 期

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ZL50装载机反转六连杆工作装置设计

摘 要

装载机是工程机械的主要机种之一，广泛用于建筑、矿山、水电、桥梁、铁路、公路、港口、码头等国民经济各部门。本文中参阅了大量的土方机械的设计参考书，其中大多数是有关装载机方面的，有的是工作装置单一构件的设计，有的则是整个工作装置的设计，并且有许多有关工作装置优化设计方面，各参考所涉及到的装载机虽然型号不同，研究的方法也有差异，但综合起来基本上也概述了现行的设计方法。国外装载机发展迅速，而我国装载机在设计上存在很多问题，其中主要集中在可靠性、结构设计强度等方面。而工作装置对于装载机来说又是重中之重，所以工作装置的设计好坏直接影响到装载机的使用寿命以及工作效率等。虽然现在市场上的装载机已经日趋成熟，但对其进行改进设计仍有非常重要的意义，尤其是装载机的工作装置。装载机工作装置的转斗六连杆机构是由与液压缸，铲斗相关联的两个四连杆机构组合而成。轮式装载机在作业时，靠改变液压缸的长度来使铲斗获得所要求的收斗角和卸料角。机构中各杆件长度及其结构参数确定后，需要对该机构作某些特定计算，以判断机构设计的正确性。在工作循环中速度与加速度变化合理；油缸活塞行程为最佳值；工作装置运动平稳、无干涉、无死点、无自锁；动臂从最底位置到最大卸载高度的举升过程中，保证铲斗中物料不洒落；在卸载后，动臂下放至铲掘位置铲斗能自动放平。

关键词 工程机械，装载机，工作装置

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The Turn Withershins 6-link Work Equipment Design of

ZL50 Wheel Loaders

Abstract

The loader is one of the main kind of the engineering machinery, used in every

department of national economy such as the building , mine , water and electricity ,

bridge , railway , highway , port , quay extensively. In this article has referred the

massive folk recipes machinery design reference book, majority is the related car

loader aspect, some are works the equipment sole component design, some then is the

entire work installment design, and has many related work installments optimization

design aspect, each reference involves to the car loader although the model is different,

the research method also has the difference, but synthesized basically has also

outlined the present design method. The overseas loader development is rapid, but our

country car loader has very many problems in the design, mainly concentrates in

aspect and so on reliable, structural design intensity. But works the installment

regarding the loader to say also is extremely important, therefore the work installment

design is good and bad affects directly the car loader service life as well as the

working efficiency and so on . Although in the present market car loader already day

by day was mature, but carried on the improvement design to it still to have the

extremely vital significance, in particular loader work installment. Loading the

machine work equips of turn the container six connect pole organization

is from press with liquid an urn of, the container mutually connection

of two four connect the pole organization combine.A type loads the machine

at homework, is pressed by the liquid of changes an urn lengths to makes

the container acquired requests of accept the Cape of the container with

unload to anticipate the Cape.Each pole in inside in organization a length

and its construction parameter certain empress, need to make the some and

particular calculation to that organization, the accuracy that to judge

the organization the design.In worked circulation the speed changes with

acceleration the reasonable;The oil a piston route of travel is the best

value;The work equips the sport steady, have no to interfere with, have

no the dead center and have no from the lock;Move the arm from most the

bottom position arrives the biggest unloading to raise to rise the process

inside highly, guaranteeing the container the inside the material do not

spread to fall;After unloading, move the arm descend to put to the

container to dig the position container can put automatically even.

KEY WORDS Construction Machine, Wheel Loaders ,Work Equips - 3 - 目 录

中文摘要┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈1

英文摘要┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈2

目 录┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈3

前 言┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈5

1. 装载机工作装置设计概述┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈ 6

1.1装载机工作装置设计概述┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈6

1.2结构型式选择┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈6

2. 铲斗的设计┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈ 8

2.1铲斗设计要求┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈ 8

2.2铲斗斗型的结构分析┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈ 9

2.2.1切削刃的形状┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈9

2.2.2铲斗的斗齿┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈9

2.2.3铲斗的侧刃┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈10

2.2.4斗体形状┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈10

2.3铲斗基本参数的确定┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈10

2.4斗容的计量┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈12

2.4.1几何斗容(平装斗容) ┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈12

2.4.2额定斗容(堆装斗容) ┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈13

3. 工作装置的结构设计┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈ 14

3.1工作机构连杆系统的尺寸参数设计┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈ 15

3.2机构分析┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈15

3.3设计方法┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈15

3.4尺寸参数设计的图解法┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈16

3.4.1 动臂与铲斗、摇臂、机架的三个铰接点G、B、A的确定┈┈┈ 16

3.4.2连杆与铲斗和摇臂的两个铰接点F、E的确定┈┈┈┈┈┈┈ 18

3.4.3转斗油缸与摇臂和机架的铰接点C和D的确定┈┈┈┈┈┈20

3.4.4举升油缸与动臂和机架的铰接点H及M点的确定┈┈┈┈┈┈22

3.5确定动臂油缸的铰接位置及动臂油缸的行程┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈23

3.5.1动臂油缸的铰接位置┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈23

3.5.2动臂油缸行程Hl的确定┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈ 24

3.6工作装置连杆系统运动分析┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈25

3.6.1铲斗对地位置角┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈25