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Lesson 311. Today three out of four Americans _____ towns, cities or suburbs.A. live through经历过B. live in住在C. live up to做到，符合D. live on以…为主食，以…为生2. Washington was __ by French architect Pierre L'Enfant in the late 18th century.A. laid downB. laid outC. laid asideD. laid offlay down 放下, 放弃；lay out 设计，安排；lay aside 搁置, 积蓄；lay off 解雇, 停止工作；3. America's early were attracted by the fertile land and varied climates it offered for farming.A. settlers移民B. inherents固有的，内在的C. residents居民D. lodgers租住者4.Many live in Hawaii, more than ____of whose people boast 【自夸】 on Asian or Polynesian heritage.A. two thirdB. two-thirdC. two-thirdsD. twos thirds5.Underground,a wealth of_____ provides a solid base【基础】for American industry.A. mines 开采B. miners矿工C. ministry 部长D. minerals6. American _____awes【敬畏】 the viewer with both its variety 【多样化】 and size.A. scene【景色】B. scheme 计划，安排C. science科学D. screen屏幕7. The entire【全部的】 nation (all 50 states) covers an area of 9 million square kilometers and has a ____of 220 million people.A.population【人口】B. pollution 污染C. portion 一部分D. position位置8. The melting pot has also _____nearly 600,000 Japanese, halfa million Chinese and 340,000 Filipinos.A. abundant大量的B. accomplish ed完成，实现C. absorbed【吸收】D. accelerate d加速，促进9.Two-thirds of all families live in _____households【家庭】,and 65 percent own their homes.A. separatelyB. separationC. separatingD. separate单独的，各自的（a.v.）Lesson 321.He was a very big Mako shark built【体格】to swim __the fastest fish in the sea.A. as faster asB. as fastly asC. as fast asD. as more fastly as2. When the old man saw him ___he knew that this was a shark.A. comeB. cameC. comingD. comes3. That was the _____of the brain and the old man hit it.A. location 位置B. situation 情况C. address 地址D. place 地方4. The old man saw his eye was not____.A. living 活的，健在的B. live活的，有生命的（动物）C. lively活泼的D. alive有生气的5. I wish that I_____ the fish and was alone in bed on the newspapers.A. have never hookedB. did not hookC. do not hookD.had never hooked6.They sailed【航行】 well and the old man _____ his hands in the salt water and tried to keep his head clear.A. soaped用肥皂洗B. soaked【浸，泡】C. sobbed哭泣D. solved解决7. The old man's head was clear and good now and he was full of______.A. solution解决B. resolution【决心】C. restriction限制，约束D. routine日常事务，惯例8. When the fish had been hit it was ____ he himself were hit.A. even though即使B. thoughC. althoughD. as thoughLesson 331. Geologists, __ some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum.A. in reply to答复B. in contrast to与…形成对比C. in proportion to与...成比例D. in relation to与…有关2.In 1982 a successful oil finder admitted to not ___geologists.A. usingB. useC. to useD. used3. Then present exploration methods would need __modification 【修改】.A. intensive加强的B. extensive大量的C. expensive昂贵的D. successive连续的anic【有机的】 chemistry ___the analysis【分析】 of oil and gas.A. is fit for 适用于B. is absorbed in全神贯注于C. is made up of由…组成D. is involved in涉及5. Petroleum geology is the application【应用】 of geology to the ___for and production【生产】 of oil and gas.A. explosion爆炸B. explanation 解释C. expectation期望D. exploration勘探6.They are now increasingly physical and chemical, andtherefore【因此】 more_______.A. objective【客观的】B. objection反对C. observation观察D. occasional偶然的7.Detailed【详细的】 knowledge of the mineralogical【矿物学的】_____ of rocks is important at many levels【方面】.A. concentration集中B. conclusion结论C. composition【构成】D. competition竞争8.Nor ______be evaluated【评价】 effectively【有效地】 without geophysical wireline【电缆】 well logs【测井】 to measure【测量】the lithology【岩性】.A. could any findsB. any finds couldC. could some findsD. some finds could9.If the petroleum geologists' view of oil_____ and migration 【迁移】 are not accepted.A. geography地理学B. generation产生C. geology地质学D. glorious光荣的10. These examples are not_____ cases.A. obligation【责任】B. sophisticated【复杂的】，C. isolate孤立，隔离D. isolated【孤立的】11.（37.）Ecology, _____ the relationships between organisms and their environments, is also important in petroleum geology.【32课】同位语A. the study ofB. it studyC. that studyD. studying翻译：生态学，即研究生物与其环境之间关系的科学，在石油地质中也很重要。
32. The Old Man and the Sea (Excerpt) 参考译文：老人与海(节选) 2010版1.They sailed【航行】well and the old man soaked【浸，泡】his hands in the salt water and tried to keep his head clear.他们航行得很好，老人把手浸在盐水里，努力保持头脑清醒。
There were high cumulus【积云】 clouds and enough cirrus【卷云】 above them so that the old man knew the breeze【微风】would last【持续】 all night.积云堆聚得很高，上空还有相当多的卷云，因此老人看出这风将刮上整整一夜。
The old man looked at the fish constantly【不断地，经常地】to make sure 【确信】it was true. It was an hour before the first shark【鲨鱼】 hit him.老人时常对鱼望望，好确定真有这么回事。
这时候是第一条鲨鱼袭击他的前一个钟点。
2. The shark was not an accident. He had come up【上来，出现】from deep down in the water as the dark cloud of blood had settled and dispersed【分散】 in the mile deep sea. 这条鲨鱼的出现不是偶然的。
当那一大片暗红的血朝一英里深的海里下沉并扩散的时候，它从水底深处上来了。
He had come up so fast and absolutely【完全地】 without caution 【警告】that he broke the surface【水面，表面】 of the blue water and was in the sun. 它窜上来得那么快，全然不顾一切，竟然冲破了蓝色的水面，来到了阳光里。
Lesson 111.This is roughly the ____of 4,195 cigarettes a year for everyperson in the country of 18 years of age or more.A. equipment设备B. balanced平衡的C. identical完全一致的D. equivalent相等的2. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies __ to determine whether smoking is a health hazardA. have been conductedB. have conductedC. conductedD. were conducted3. China is a _____ country.A. developB. developmentC. developingD. developed4. Male cigarette Smokers have a higher death ____ from heart disease than non-smoking males.A. rat老鼠B. rateC. priceD. evidence证据5.They can only marginally reduce, not eliminate the ___.A. tobaccoB. healthC. illness疾病D. hazard6.Tobacco【烟草，烟叶】 smoking, particularly【特别】 cigarette smoking, is associated___【联系】 shortened life expectancy 【平均寿命】.A.toB.byC. withD.as7.Chemical pesticides【杀虫剂】___now ____by farmers in vast quantities【数量】 to destroy insects and small animals.A. are being usedB. are usingC. are usedD. are being using8. Current research indicates a ___ relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat.A. causalB. casual偶然的C. causeD. caseLesson121. We’d like to share some of the _____ meanings love has for us.A. preference偏爱B. preparation 准备C. possible 可能的D. positive 积极的2.I’m_______of the many sides of the other person--not just the beautiful side but also the limitations【局限，限制】.A. wareB. welfareC. awareD. care3. Love means that I _____ the welfare【幸福，福利】of the personI love.A. carry on 经营，继续B. come up 发生，出现C. care about关心D. count on 依靠，依赖4. I hope you will become all_____ you can become.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who5. In a love relationship there are times ____I am bored.A. whenB. whereC. whyD. what6._______, love comes into an imperfect world to make it possible to live.A. In another wordsB. In other words【换句话说】C. In othersD. In another7. Love involves seeing the______ within the person we love.A. position位置B. production生产C. practice 练习D. potential潜力Lesson131.“It’s clear that the brain ______ from exercise.”A. benefitsB. beneficial 有益的C. believeD. broadcast广播2.Vigorous【精力充沛的】physical exercise【体育运动】provide s the brain _____ more fuel.A. toB. towardsC.atD. with3. Inactivity may also have ______ effects on mind and body alike.A. positive积极的B. negative【消极的，否定的】C. necessary必要的D. complete完整的4.Skill-based exercise increases the formation【结构】of connections【连接】in the brain,______ , according to the proposals【建议】of some scientists.A. thatB. whatC. whoD. which5.And if the dance is a good physical exercise _____, the benefits multiply【相乘，增加】.A. as wellB. tooC. eitherD. alsoLesson 141.She saved what little money she could ____as a scullery maid.A. workB. to workC. workingD. worked2. My dear lady." he replied,"___ you never__an opportunity?"A. have receivedB. did receiveC. will receiveD. had received3. My dear lady, I will give you an ____today. I want you towrite me a letter about the brick."A. assign v.分配B. assistant 助手C．assignment D. assist v.帮助4.She sent __document【文件】 about the brick in her kitchen and, to her surprise, she received a letter back.A. a 36 pagesB. a 36-pagesC. a 36 pageD. a 36-page5. Although he___ in that city for 15 years, he, in 2006, returned to Paris.Ａ. lived B. has livedC. would liveD. had lived6. She soon quit【辞去】 her kitchen job to ____writing.A. take part in 参加B. take in 欺骗，上当，理解C. take effect 生效D. take up7. If ___a chance, will you take it?A. givesB. givingC. will giveD. givenLesson 151.Alberta _______the western part of Canada.A.locatesB. locates inC. is located inD. located in2.With an area of approximately 255,212 square miles,____ to661,000 square kilometers.A.equivalentB. equalC. sameD. identical3.China is larger than ______ in Asia.A. any other countriesB. any other countryC. some other countryD. some other countries4. The third largest city is Lethbridge,___ a population ofabout 67,000 persons.A.to haveB. hadC. havingD. have5. In winter, it is___ colder and in the north, the temperaturecan drop to 20 degrees below zero.A. moreB. manyC. mostD. much6.It has a population【人口】 of only 3.26 million, about ____of the population of Shanghai.A.one fifthB.one fiveC. fifth oneD. first fifth7. The____ in Alberta is pleasant, particularly【特别，尤其】in summer, when the average【平均的】 temperature is about 60 degrees Fahrenheit【华氏温标】.A. weatherB. temperatureC. climateD. season8.Many tourists are attracted【吸引】 to the first____ skiing ground at the resorts【度假胜地】 of Banff【班夫】 and Jasper 【嘉思帕】.A. ateB. rateC. reality 现实D. reaction反应Lesson 161.“Please pass the tur key and dressing【调味品】.” What does this simple ______ make you think about?A. represent代表B. replace代替C. request【请求，要求】D. respect尊敬2. A nuclear family ____a husband and wife and their children.A. listens toB. turns to转向，求助于C. refers to【谈及】D. occurs to发生3. Several_____ may even live together. In America, only ina few cases does more than one household live under one roof.A. generations【一代人】B. competitions比赛C. contributions贡献D. destination目的地4. _______ fearing Mom and Dad, children may think of them asgood friends.A. Instead ofB. instead 相反C. inform of将…告知D. inform5.Social pressures【压力】 are ______ more and more American homes.A. break into闯入B. break down失败，损坏C. break out爆发D. breaking apart【使…分裂开】6. Oh, and ____ thing: be thankful for each other. If you havea family，every day should be Thanksgiving.A. more oneB. one anotherC. first moreD. one moreLesson171.The _____ report is a wide-ranging【广泛的】 look at the role that information technology plays in the economy【经济】.A.69-pagesB. 69 pageC. 69-pageD.69 pages2.The study was done by a year-old research organization, the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation,_____ work is supported【支持】 by companies like I.B.M.A. whoseB. whichC. whoD. what3.Health care providers must increasingly【越来越多地】____modern computing tools.A. adapt 改编B. adopt采用C. afford 负担得起D. argue 争论4.The services sector，which ______80 percent of the American work force【劳动力】，is expected to generate【引起，产生】 most of the new jobs in the future.A. employsB. employmentC. employeeD. employer5.The policy issue【问题】 is how do you get digital【数字的】______in these other sectors.A. transformB. translate翻译C. translationD. transformation【转化】Lesson181. There are several reasons _____ international trade exists 【存在】.A. whereB. whenC. whyD. what2. International trade is the _____of goods【商品】and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country.A. exist存在B. excuse 原谅C. expense花费D. exchange【交换】3. In the cultivation【培育】of natural products climate playsa ______ role.A．decision决定 B．delicate 微妙的C．deposit 储蓄D．decisive【决定性的】4. The theory of comparative advantage, also called the comparative ______theory.A. cost【成本】B. costly昂贵的C. copy抄写D. correct 正确的5. The paradox【似非而是的论点】is best _____ by this traditional example.A. illustrate d【说明】B. illustrationC. imagine想象D. imagination6. Insurance is another service ___which some nations specialize.A. atB. onC. forD. in7. During the winter, the Bahamas _____ large numbers of tourists【旅游者】.A. distractB. distraction分心C. attractionD. attract【吸引】Lesson 191.There is an old English saying,"___ is the mother ofinvention.A. necessary 必须的B. needC. necessityD. necessarily2. Surplus sugar cane could _____ produce energy.A.be used asB. be used toC.be used forD.be used in作为 to do for doing地点3. Scientists ___that the world's known oil resources will runout early in the next century.A. predictB. prefer 喜欢C. precede领先D. prepare准备4. Recently protein feeds for animals _____by growing yeastin a petroleum based stock.A. has been developedB. have been developedC. has developedD. have developed5. Have you ever stopped to think how your life would changeif the world _____ out of oil?A. ranB. runC. has runD. had run6. As you head for your bus, train or car, ____use petroleum products in the form of fuel to move them.A.all of whichB. all of themC. all of thatD. all of theyLesson 201.______this story, long ago all people spoke the same language.A. add up to 总计达B. as to 至于，关于C. appeal to 呼吁D. According to2. The Scandinavian languages of Danish【丹麦语】,Icelandic【冰岛语】,Norwegian【挪威语】,and Swedish【瑞典语】____the North Germanic grouping.A. compress 压缩B. compromise妥协C. compute计算D. comprise3. Being able to communicate with others in this far-reachinglinguistic group will offer the user____ benefits.A. measure测量B. measurement测量法C. measurable可测量的D. immeasurable4. More than one-third of the world's economic production_______in these countries, too.A. originatesB. origin n.起源C. original a.最初的，原始的D. orientation n.方向5. The same is true, of course, for ____ who want to learn Dutchor Danish from an English or German background.A. thatB. theseC. thisD. those6. German【德语】,_____ just over 100,000,000 people, is oneof the world's ten-largest languages in terms of population.A. talked byB. talks byC. spoken byD. speaks by7.Though these languages cannot be easily understood amongtheir different speakers, the similarities【类似，相似】 in vocabulary are____.【显著的，突出的】A. strikingB. strike打，击，罢工C. string细绳，线D. striving (strive努力)8.Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages____for a great deal of the world's output【产品】 in everything from economics【经济】 to literature【文学】 to military【军事】to science and technology.【2010年考题】A. accountB. allow允许C. apply申请D. arrange安排。
Lesson 511.The companies that are finding ways to ___their olderworkers benefit from an intangible【无形的】commodity【商品】.A. hang on to紧紧抓住B. hang on不挂断C. hang up挂断D. hang about闲荡，闲逛２.The number of workers 65 and up __expected to increase【增加】 117% by 2025.A. wasB. areC. isD. were3.This is a ____issue for employers to overcome【克服】-for their own good."A. crazy疯狂的B. criminal犯罪的C. critical关键性的D. currency货币4. He had reached an age and ___ enough years of service to sail【启航】 off into the sunset【日落】 with a good pension 【退休金】.A. aboard 在船上B. absorbed吸收C. adapted适应，改编D. accumulated积累5. The bridge period can be used to____ a veteran【经验丰富的】employee's knowledge and skills to the next generation 【一代】.A. transfer转移B. translate翻译C. transport运输D. travel旅行6. He took it-on the condition【条件】 it not _____with sailing season.A. interpret解释，说明B. interview 面试，会见C. interfere【妨碍】D. interrelate 相互关联7.(8.) The companies that are finding ways to hang on to their older workers _______ from an intangible commodity: wisdom. 【2010年考题】A. obtain获得B. earn赚得C. develop发展D. benefit有益于Lesson 521. Almost 70 percent of all non-food purchases in supermarkets are generate d by in-store______.A. decisive决定性的B. decide v.C. decisions决定D. decided2. Sales promotion consists of those promotional【推销的】activities ___advertising, personal selling, and publicity 【宣传】.A. more than超过，多于B. less than小于，少于C. rather than宁愿D. other than除了，不同于3. The techniques【手段】of sales promotion are varied and____.A. normal正常的B. numerous许多的C. numerical数字的D. common常见的，共同的4._____five years ago, three of five firms had moved to spend more of their advertising budget【预算】 on such nonmedia alternatives.A. Compared withB. Compare withC. To compare withD. Comparing with5. To ____its advertising effort, the company used a variety of sales-promotion techniques【手段】.A. supply供应B. implement工具C.supplementD. imply暗示6.Sales promotion is temporary【暂时的】______.A. in person 亲自B. in part 部分地C. in nature【在本质上】D. in order整齐7.Sales promotion is not_____【有限制的】 to the stimulation 【刺激】 of demand【需求】 at the consumer level.A. districtB. strictC. restrictedD. interested8.The techniques【手段】 employed, to be effective【有效的】,should be _____with local preference【喜好】.A. constant不变的B. consequently因此，所以C. consist组成D. consistent【一致的】Lesson 531.A light drizzle【毛毛雨】_____ as my sister Jill and I ran out of the Methodist Church.A.was fallingB. fallingC. fellD. is falling2.I noticed【注意】a family standing outside the locked door, huddled【挤作一团】 under the narrow overhang【屋檐】 in an ___ to keep dry.A. attempt试图B. tempt引诱，诱惑C. attendant服务员D. attack袭击3. The closer we got to the turnoff【岔道】 for my grandparents' house,___ the car went.A. slowB. the slowlyC.the slowerD. slowly4. When my father ___ the service station, I saw that there were five of them.A. picked up拾起，捡起B. talk into说服C. pulled out拉出，抽出D. pulled into进去，驶入5. I watched out the window ____I could, looking back at the little girl hugging her new doll.A. if only要是…就好了B. as long as只要C. as if似乎，好像D. as to至于，关于6.（ 9.） I raced to_______ Jill. 【2010年考题】A. keep on继续B. keep up with跟上C. come up with提出D. come up to接近，达到7.My father reached into his pocket and pulled out two dollars,____ was all he had left until his next payday【发薪日】.A. whatB. thatC. howD. whichLesson 541.Having a fine library doesn't prove that its owner has a mind enriched【使丰富】 by books; it proves _____that he, his father, or his wife, was rich enough to buy them.A. anything more thanB. nothing more than仅仅，只不过C. something more thanD. everything more than2.You do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense 【意义】 until you___ it and get it into your bloodstream.A. assume假设B. resume 恢复，重新开始C. presume假定，假设D. consume消费3.If reading is to accomplish【完成】 anything ___passing time, it must be active.A. more than不仅仅B. nothing more than仅仅C. other than除了D. less than小于4. If, when you ___ a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know you read actively.A. have finished to readB. had finished to readC. had finished readingD. have finished reading5.You can't let your eyes glide【滑动】 across the lines ofa book and ___an understanding of what you have read.A. come out出来，长出B. come along出现C. come up with提出，想出D. come across偶然遇到6.No great musician ______a symphony【交响乐】 with the printed sheet of music.A. connects连接B. registers登记，注册C. refuses拒绝D. confuses【混淆】7.（13.）A(An) _______ is better than the text and may make the point clear.【2010年考题】A. interpretation解释B. representation表现C. illustration例证D. draw绘画8. Why is marking up a book ______to reading?A. independence 独立B. independent独立的C. indeed的确D. indispensable【必不可少的】Lesson 551. China and America are separated by_____.A. Pacific OceanB. a Pacific OceanC. the Pacific OceanD. Pacific Oceans2. One main branch of sea science,___, holds enormousunanswered questions. 同位语A. physical oceanographyB. is physical oceanographyC. called physical oceanographyD. what is physical oceanography3.If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed【削平】flat, the earth __ by water more than 12,000 feet deep.A. is coveredB. would be coveredC. could have been coveredD. might had been covered4.Only if these negative【否定的】 results are valid【有效的】____ be able to formulate【阐述】 the question.A. will heB. he willC. would heD. he would5.Sea and air are divided by a viscous【粘性的】 curtain; beneath the curtain is an element【成分】 weighing ___air.A. as much 800 times asB. as much as 800 timesC. as 800 times much asD. 800 times as much as6. (5.) We know that many animals _______ the deep seas at pressures of 15,000 pounds per square inch.【2010年考题】A. live on住在…上，以…为生 B. live in住在某地C. live through经历过D. live up to符合，实行7.The ocean is the place where we should be putting our___ in order to provide for future generations【一代人】.''A. efforts【努力】B. editions 版本C. miracles 奇迹D. shelter遮蔽，避难所8.The sunlit【阳光照射的】 pastures【牧场】 are at the top, where the water is ____with tiny【微小的】 drifting【漂浮的】vegetables.A. saturation饱和，浸透B. scheduled安排C. saturated【充满】D. seldom很少9. Water itself is ____to the future of the race.A. voluntary自愿的B. visual看得见的，视觉的C. vivid生动的D. vital【极重要的】10.（ 38.） If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed flat, the earth __ covered by water.【2011年考题】A. would beB. would have beenC. would had beenD. would been11.（7）The Atlantic hydrographic chart is being _____ continuously; even as we speak submarines are charting the Arctic basin under the ice.【2011年考题】A. rehearsed排练，排演B. revised修订C. renewed复原，更新D. retiled从新用瓦盖Lesson 561.The ____ are reported to be carrying in live herring【鲱鱼】 to be dumped【倾倒】 overboard in an attempt at sea "farming."A. Russia俄国B. RussiasC. RussianD. Russians2. The answer _____ a number of factors【因素】,not the least of which is isolation【与世隔绝】 itself.A. lays out设计B. lies outC. lays in贮藏D. lies in在于3. Antarctica is ____ to have mineral resources comparable 【可比较的】 to those of other great continents.A. boundB. bounded有界限的C. bind装订，捆绑D. blind盲目的4.When the United States was born, the continent【大陆】 of Antarctica【南极洲】 was as _____ as the moon.A. remove移走B. remote遥远的C. promote提升D. promise承诺5. In the quest【搜索】 for ___ knowledge, which is the heart and soul so all science.A. fundamental基本的B. comparable类似的C. accumulation积累D. significance重要性6.The Antarctica treaty【条约】_____all areas (the high seas excepted) below latitude【维度】 60 degrees south.A. applies to【适用于】B. appeals to 向…呼吁C. contributes to 捐献D. dates back to追溯到Lesson 571. Anyone who refuses too often to listen to the other side of a question risks becoming __ minded. 思想狭隘的A. thinB. narrowC. thickD. sorrow2. I am unable to what he is saying.A. concentrate on集中，专注B. concentrate inC. finish with完成D. finish off结束3. Your eyes give you ____if your absent-minded answers d on’t.A. up放弃B. off发出，释放C. away泄露D. in屈服，让步4. If you let the words enter your mind, you may be surprised to discover that they make _____.A. senseB. sensible明智的C. sensitive敏感的D. senseful5. While you are busy _____facts A, B, and C in your mind, you are losing out facts D and E.A. to plantB. plantingC. plantedD. to planting6. Have you ever ____listening as something you could do right or wrong?A.turned off关闭B.thought ofC.wrote off 迅速写出，毁掉D.got off脱下7.Daydream【白日梦】 Listening: You can think about four timesas fast as the _____person speaks.A. aware知道的B. automatic 自动的C. appreciable可估计的D. average【平均的】8.When you try to get too many of the speaker's words on paper,part of your mind must be ______with your note-taking.A. filled 填满的B. composedC. obligedD. concernedbe composed of:由…组成be obliged to:不得不Lesson 581.If we could teach people to think more positively, it ___like inoculating【接种预防】 them against these mental【心理的】ills."A. isB. wasC. will beD. would be2._____,the company hired 100 people who had failed the standard【标准】 industry testA. ImpressionB. ImpressingC. ImpressedD. Impress3.A sense of control, according to Anderson, is the litmus test 【试金石】 for____.A. succeed v.成功B. success n.成功C. successful成功的D. successfully成功地4. Positive thinking _____ positive action-and reaction.A. leads to导致B. contrasts to与…形成对比C. contributes to贡献，有助于D. takes to喜欢，开始从事5. Too many "don'ts" and warnings【警告】 of danger can makea child feel incompetent【无能力的】, fearful –and____. A. permission允许 B. pessimism悲观主义C. pessimistic悲观的D. pessimist悲观主义者6. (2.) They found that the positive thinkers sold 37 percent more insurance than did the_______ thinkers. 【2010年考题】A. negative消极的 B. positive 积极的C. active主动的D. passive被动的7.(17.) When pessimists __ in their first attempt, they usually say, "I can't do this." 【2010年考题】A. feel感觉B. fail 失败C. defeat击败D. lost失去的8.Do you see the glass as half-full_____ half-empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut【炸面圈】,not upon the hole?A. refer to 提及，暗指B. remind of提醒，使记起C. relative to和…比较起来D. rather than而不是Lesson 591.______ the great state of Illinois, let me express my deepest gratitude.A. In honor of为了纪念B. In place of 代替C. On behalf of代表D. On account of由于2. After the war, they moved west all the way to Hawaii _____ opportunity.A. in regard to关于B. in search of寻找C. in place of代替D. in spite of虽然，尽管3. They imagined me ____to the best schools in the land, even though they weren't rich.A. to goB. goingC. goD. to going4. They, too, had big dreams for their daughter. A ____ dream, born of two continents.A. common共同的，常见的B. usual通常的，经常的C. ordinary普通的D. general一般的，普遍的5. I wondered how he would pay 4,500 dollars a month for the drugs his son needs without the health benefits that he ____.A. hung on紧紧抓住，坚持B. counted on依赖，依靠C. held on坚持，不挂断D. came on快点，进展6. (7.) _______of the great state of Illinois, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention.【2010年考题】A. On accountB. In honorC. In placeD. On behalfLesson 601. The _____ about energy taken here in the US, back in SaudiArabia, and indeed across the globe are important.A. honors荣誉B. invitations邀请C. factors因素D. decisions决定2. The world currently consumes【消耗】 around 210 million barrels per day of oil _____ with most of that supplied by a fairly limited【有限的】 number of sources.A. equally平等地B. essential必要的C. equivalent【相当的，等同物】D. reliable可靠的3. Oil meets nearly 40 percent of the world's total energy needs, coal and natural gas each _______for【占】 just under a quarter of total demand【需求】.A. adapt适应B. accountC. adopt采用D. apply应用4.In addition, because the number of currently viable【切实可行的】 energy sources _____ so limited【有限的】.A. areB. isC. wasD. were5. There are distinct【明显的】 reasons ______oil is the fuel of choice in the all-important transportation sector.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. why6. We all recognize that mitigating【减轻】 the ______ impact that energy production and consumption has on the natural environment is becoming increasingly important.A. precious宝贵的B. limited有限的C. abundant大量的D. negative【负面的】7. I believe we can ______ in achieving the sustainable【可持续的】 energy future this great country and the wider world deserves.A. succeed成功B. consume消耗C. predict预测D. expand扩张。
18.The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理1. International trade is the exchange【交换】 of goods【商品】and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. There are several reasons why international trade exists【存在】.1、国际贸易是一个国家所生产的商品和服务和另一个国家所生产的商品和服务之间的交换。
这样做的原因是多方面的。
2. The distribution【分布】 of natural resources【自然资源】around the world is somewhat【稍微】 haphazard【随意的】: some nations possess【拥有】 natural deposits【储蓄，矿藏】in excess of【超出，多于】 their own requirements【需要】 while other nations have none. 世界自然资源的分布是带有随意性的。
有些国家所拥有的天然资源超过了本身的需要，而别的国家则没有。
For example, Britain has large reserves【储量】 of coal but lacks【缺乏】 many minerals【矿物质】such as nickel【镍】, copper【铜】, aluminum【铝】, etc.，例如，英国煤的储藏量很丰富，但是很多矿藏，如镍、铜和铝等都很缺乏；whereas the Arab states have vast【巨大的】 oil deposits but little else.阿拉伯国家拥有巨大的石油矿藏，但是其他资源则很少。
43. What's Your Best Time of Day?何时是你一天中最佳的时间？1.Biological rhythms【节奏】 make us a different person at 9 a. m. than we are at 3 p. m. Here's a guide to when you work better, feel better, think better.1、生物节奏使我们在早上九点和下午三点判若两人。
本文指导你何时工作效率较高，何时自我感觉较好，何时思维活动较佳。
2.Every fall, Jane, a young mother and part-time librarian 【图书管理员】, begins to eat more and often feels sleepy.简是一位年轻的妈妈和兼职的图书馆管理员。
每年一到秋天，她就开始食欲增强，而且常常昏昏欲睡。
Her mood is also darker, especially when she awakens【醒来】in the morning; it takes all her energy just to drag herself out of bed. 她的情绪也比较消沉，尤其是早上一觉醒来之际，几乎要鼓起全身精力才能勉强挣扎下床。
These symptoms【症状】persist【坚持】until April, when warmer weather and longer days seem to lighten her mood and alleviate【减轻】 her cravings【渴望】for food and sleep.这些症状要持续到翌年四月，那时候，较暖的气候和较长的白昼仿佛使她的心情轻松起来，也不那么嘴馋和嗜睡了。
3.Joseph, a 48-year-old engineer for a Midwestern computer company, feels cranky【古怪的】early in the morning. But as the day progresses, he becomes friendlier and more accommodating【随和的】.3、48岁的约瑟夫是中西部一家计算机公司的工程师。
31.Geography地理 of USA 美国地理概况 07版 2010版1. The vast expanse【广阔的区域】 of the United States of America stretch es【延伸】 from the heavily industrialized 【工业化的】,metropolitan【大城市的】 Atlantic【大西洋的】seaboard【海岸】across the rich flat【平坦的】 farms of the central plains【平原】,美利坚合众国的辽阔地域，从高度工业化、遍布大都市的大西洋沿岸，延伸至中部平原肥沃平坦的农场，over【越过】 the Rocky Mountains to the fertile【肥沃的】 west coast【海岸】,then halfway across the Pacific【太平洋】 to the balmy【温和的】 island-state of Hawaii.越过洛矶山脉，到达富饶的西海岸，然后横跨半个太平洋到达气候温和的由群岛组成的夏威夷州。
The American scene【景色】 awes【敬畏】 the viewer with both its variety【多样化】 and size.来美国观光的人无不赞叹这块土地幅员广阔、多姿多彩。
The continental【大陆的】 United States (not counting【计算】outlying【边远的】 Alaska and Hawaii) measures【测量】,4,500 kilometers from its Atlantic to Pacific coasts,2,575 kilometers from Canada to Mexico.美国大陆(不包括远离本土的阿拉斯加和夏威夷)从大西洋沿岸到太平洋海岸的距离为4500公里，从加拿大到墨西哥的距离为2575公里。
58.Your Are What You Think 你认为自己是什么样的人，就是什么样的人 2010年翻译And if you change your mind-from pessimism【悲观】 to optimism 【乐观】 -you can change your life如果你改变想法--从悲观变为乐观--你就可以改变自己的生活1. Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half-empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut【炸面圈】,not upon the hole? 你看酒杯是装了半杯酒而不是半杯没装酒吗？你的眼睛就是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗？Suddenly these cliches【陈词滥调】 are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize【仔细观察】 the power of positive 【积极的】 thinking.当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调突然间成了科学问题。
2.A fast-growing body【大量，许多】 of research-104 studies so far,involving some 15,000 people-is proving that optimism 【乐观】 can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. 迅速增长的大量研究工作--迄今已有104项研究项目，涉及15，000人--证明乐观可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。
Pessimism【悲观】lead s, by contrast, to hopelessness【绝望】,sickness【疾病】 and failure, and is linked to【与…有关】depression【沮丧】,loneliness【孤独】 and painful shyness 【害羞】. 与此相反，悲观则导致绝望、疾病以及失败，它与沮丧孤独、令人痛苦的腼腆密切相关，"If we could teach people to think more positively," says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice University in Houston, "it would be like inoculating【接种预防】 them against these mental【心理的】 ills."位于休斯顿的赖斯大学心理学家雷格·A·安得森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就像为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。
21.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食 07版,2010版1.Coca-Cola is the best-selling【最畅销的】soft【软的】(non-alcoholic) drink in the world. 165 million "Cokes" are sold every day, from the equator【赤道】to the Arctic【北极】. 可口可乐是全世界销路最好的软饮料(不含酒精的饮料)。
从赤道到北极，可口可乐每天的销售量为1、65亿瓶。
But whereas【但是，而】 outside the USA Coke tends to【趋向】be a young person's drink, inside the USA anybody of any age or income【收入】 can drink it without embarrass ment【尴尬，难堪】 on any occasion.【场合，时刻】【2011年考题】在美国，任何人，不论年龄大小、收入多少，都可以在任何场合饮用可口可乐而不至于有任何不自在的感觉。
但在美国之外，可口可乐往往是青年人的饮料。
2. Coke is not the only "cola" drink. Pepsi Cola is a well-known rival【竞争对手】 and has its devotees【热爱者】,for it is not as sweet as Coke. 可口可乐不是唯一的可乐饮料。
百事可乐是它的著名竞争对手并拥有自己的爱好者，因为它不像可口可乐那么甜。
语法：1.not as...as=not so...as:不如...2.as well as:也，又 as good as:和...一样as long as:只要 as soon as:一...就Cola drinks contain caffeine【咖啡因】 from the kola nut【可乐果】 and are the only soft drinks which are stimulating 【有刺激性的】as well as refreshing.【提神的，清凉的】可乐饮料含有从可拉果中提取的咖啡因，并且是唯一的既可提神又有刺激性的软饮料。
13. Does Exercise【运动】 Have Unexpected【想不到的】 Benefits【利益，好处】? 运动有奇效吗?1. Just as【正如】 exercise strengthens【加强】the heart and lungs, bones and muscles, it may also power up【加电】the brain. 正如运动能强心、健肺、固骨、壮肌，运动也能健脑。
A succession of【一连串】 scientific studies of animals suggests【表明，建议】that physical【身体的】 activity has a positive effect on【对…有影响】mental【精神的】functioning.对动物的一系列科学研究表明，体育活动对智力的发挥有积极作用。
2.“It’s clear that the brain benefits from【通过…获益】exercise，” says brain scientist William Greenough of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.伊利诺伊大学香槟分校的脑科学家威廉•格里诺说，“很明显，运动使大脑受益。
”His studies with rats have demonstrated【证明】 two primary effects of activity: vigorous【精力充沛的】physical exercise 【体育运动】provide s the brain with more fuel, 他对老鼠的研究已经表明运动具有两大功效：运动量大的体育运动给大脑提供更多的动力，and skill-based exercise increases the formation【结构】of connections【连接】in the brain, which, according to theproposals【建议】of some scientists，may make the brain better able to process【处理】 information.而技巧性的运动则增强大脑神经的联结。
Lesson 211.I nside the USA anybody of any age or income can drink itwithout embarrassment on any ____.A. occasional偶然的B. occupation职业C. occurrence事件，发生D. occasion场合，时机2. Cola drinks contain caffeine from the kola nut and are the only soft drinks which are stimulating ____refreshing.A. as long as只要B. as well as也，又C. as good as和…一样D. as soon as 一…就3. Americans __ a lot of alcohol in the form of cocktails.A. consume消耗，消费B. swallow吞，咽C. dispose处理，处置D. exhaust用尽，耗尽4. While he was in the office, he preferred __ something __nothing.A. to do, to doB. to do, doingC. doing, to doD. doing, to doing5.Service in restaurants and coffee shops is _____and friendly.A. efficiency效率B. effect作用，结果C. effective有效的D. efficient效率高的6.Many American families pride themselves ____ their cooking, and have deep freezers, where they store【储藏】 food.A. onB. ofC. inD. at7.There ___supermarkets in the USA since the 1930s,and they have now spread【散布】 through a large part of the world.A. has beenB. have beenC. areD. is8.（11.） Whereas outside the USA, Coke tends to be a young person's drink, inside the USA anybody of any age can drink it on any _____ without embarrassment.【2011年考题】A. choice选择B. occasion时刻，场合C. occupation职业D. occurrence发生,出现9.（12.） The waiters will refill your coffee cup several times for no extra _____【2011年考题】A. expand扩大B. offer提供C. price价格D. charge附加费，费用Lesson 221. One of the odder coincidences of physical geography is the fact____ there are two double islands, roughly the same size.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where2. North Island in New Zealand sports a balmy climate and thebeaches to _____it.A. make fun of 取笑B. make sure 确信C. make sense 有意义D. make use of使用，利用3. Some of the world's best mountain scenery is availablewithin the____ long chain of the Southern Alps.A. 500-kilometersB. 500-kilometerC. 500-kilometers’D. 500 kilometer4. Its temperate【温和的】_____sees little snow except in thehighlands and mountainous areas.A. climateB. weatherC. placeD. scene5. And for those who would rather _____at home or in an officein front of a computer screen.A. to stayB. stayingC. staysD. stay6.Some of the world's best mountain _____is available【可见的】 within the 500-kilometer long chain of the Southern Alps. 【2010年考题】A. sceneB. sceneryC. scarce缺乏的，罕见的D. scare恐吓，感到害怕7. The fresh air is sometimes humid【潮湿的】 from the____ rainfall of this area.【2010年考题】A. numerous很多的B. abundant大量的，充足的C. plenty充分地（adv.）D. substantive真实的8. As fewer people____South Island than on North Island, those who crave【渴望】 solitude【独居】 and pristine【原始的】 beaches will be amazed【吃惊】at their luck here.A. live onB. live in 住在某地C. live through经历过D. live up to实行，履行Lesson 231.She was building a sandcastle or something and _____，her eyes as blue as the sea.A. look after 照顾B. look forward to期望C. looked up向上看，查找D. look down upon轻视2. I thought I saw her mother on the porch【走廊】 and feltlike ____she keep her child at home.A. to demandB. demandingC. demandedD. demand要求3. I'm afraid I allowed her ____you. If she was a nuisance,please, accept my apologies.”A. to botherB. botherC. botheringD. bothered4. The ___little picture is framed now and hangs in my study.A. precise精确的B. previous 先前的C. premier首要的D. precious宝贵的5. A gift from a child with sea-blue eyes and hair the colorsand-____ taught me the gift of love.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who6. I was____; my life seemed completely【完全地】out ofbalance【平衡】.A. depend依靠依赖B. depression n.沮丧C. depressedD. dependent依靠的，依赖的7. The ever-changing balm【芳香】 of the seashore ____ me.A. awaited vt.B. waited vi.C. awoke(awake醒着的,唤醒)D. woke(wake唤醒) Lesson 241. A complete refining installation must include all necessary__.A. facultiesB. fragmentsC. facilitiesD. fairly facility n.设备, 工具faculty n.才能, 本领, 能力, 全体教员,fragment n.碎片, 片段 fairly adv.公正地, 公平地2. Petroleum refining is the ____of petroleum into fractions.A. separationB. separate v.C. September九月D. separately adv.3. Refining petroleum is a ______series of steps.A. complete完整的B. component成分C. complex复杂的D. complain抱怨4. As the demand for gasoline increased, distillation could no longer supply the necessary_______.A. qualities质量B. qualifications资格C. quarters一刻钟D. quantities数量5. Steam distillation will yield a better quality____.A. produceB. product（工业）C. productionD. producer6. Most petroleum products, including kerosenes【煤油】,fuel oils, lubricating oils【润滑油】,and waxes【石蜡】,are fractions of petroleum that _____ to remove【去除】 undesirable【不需要的】 components【成分】.A. has been treatedB. have been treatedC. has treatedD. have treated7. Crude oil must be converted into products____the rate of sale of each.A. account for说明（解释）…原因B. add up to总计达C. agree on对…有同样的看法D. according to8. Nevertheless, distillation has remained a major refinery process and a process____ just about every crude that enters the refinery is subjected.A. for whichB. with whichC. to whichD. in which Lesson 251. Many students find that if they try to speak fast, they make more mistakes. So, how do we balance __ and fluency in spoken English?A. accuracy准确，精确B. emergency紧急情况C. frequency频繁，频率D. efficiency效率2. The first step is to your problem and go to work on it.A. recognizeB. revenge 报仇C. recollect记起，想起D. receive收到3.Fluency【流利】 can be simply___【定义】 as "being able to communicate【交流，交际】 ideas without having to stopA. definedB. confined限制C. refine精炼D. fine4. ______situations【情景，形式】 where you've used English and how you felt about making mistakes?A. Think ofB. think overC. think of asD. Think about考虑5. By choosing an area to work on, you can isolate problems and help yourself ____them.A. overtake追上B. overlook俯视C. overcome克服，战胜D. overhead上空的6.（ 11.） Fluency can be _______ defined as "being able to communicate ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying."（2010年考题）A. simple简单的B. simply简单地C. similar 相似的D. simplify使简单，简化7. Speaking English_____ and accurately【准确地】 is a goal of many people studying English in China.A. fluentlyB. fluencyC. frequently频繁地D. frequency8. If they make a lot of mistakes, they may find it difficult to get their ideas_____.A. away离开，逃脱B. acrossC. down 写下D. in收获，进入9. If you go to an English corner or an English club, try to change the types of activities【活动】 you______.A. take partB. took part inC. take part inD. took part Lesson 261. They remained full of hope and determination决心 ______ their repeated failures.A. in spite of虽然，尽管B. instead of代替，而不是C. in search of寻找D. because of因为，由于2. I’m not sure ______.A. why did she refused theft invitationB. why would she refused their invitationC. why have she refused their invitationD. why she refused their invitation邀请宾语从句用陈述语序3. Each of us ______ thinking the same thing.A. amB. isC. areD. were4. all we have learned from space flights, the moon is stilla riddle from the distant past.A. In stead ofB. In spite ofC. In search ofD. Because of5. I decid ed to go to the concert as soon as I .A. finish what I didB. finished what I was doingC. would finish what I was doingD. finished what I did6.Rock and soil samples【样品】 and information of many other kinds have become ______ in recent years.A. impossibleB. comfortable舒适的C. enjoyable愉快的，快乐的D. available可用的7. Like the earth, the moon is in ____,with a crust【地壳】on the outside.A. layers 层B. lawyer律师C. later后来D. latter 后者的8. It has the same chemical elements【元素】____have the earth and the rest of the solar system.A. whichB. thatC. asD. what9. The surface itself ____from heat of 230℉to cold of minus 290℉,depend ing upon where the sun is.A. ranges变化B. arranges 安排C. rangeD. arrange Lesson 271. I would rather ______ here than go home.A. to stayB. stayedC. stayD. staying2. Books are to mankind【人类】___memory【记忆力】 is to theindividual【个人】.A. whereB. howC. thatD. what3.There is an oriental【东方的】story of two men: one was a king, who every night dreamt he was a beggar【乞丐】;___ was a beggar, who every night dreamt he was a prince.A. the otherB. otherC. othersD. another4.If any one____ make me the greatest king，on condition thatI should not read books, I would not be a king.A. wouldB. willC. shallD. can5. He found her ____in an oriel【飘窗】 window reading Plato's beautiful account【描述】 of the death of Socrates.A. sitB. to sitC. sittingD. seat6.We may visit the most beautiful parts of the earth, without fatigue【疲劳】,inconvenience【不方便】,or______.A. expense【花费】B. expensive昂贵的C. expend v.D. expect期望，盼望7. Without ______from our firesides【炉边】 we may roam【漫游】to the most remote【遥远的】 regions of the earth.A. stirB. stirredC. to stirD. stirring【移动】8. _____and priceless【无价的】 are the blessings【恩赐】 which the books scatter【撒】 around our daily paths【小路】.A. Precious【宝贵的】B. Precision精确的C. Preceding在前的D. Preliminary预备的，初步的Lesson 281. This principle【原理】 of change is what keeps everything-and everyone-____ in this world of ours.A. goB. goesC. to goD. going2.When you put a frozen【冰冻的】 waffle【华夫饼】 into the toaster【烤面包机】,___ energy turns into heat energy.A. electrical a.电的B. electric a.电的C. electricity n.电D. electrify v.使通电electrical:关于电的知识，或者电的研究内容electric：以电为动力进行工作的装置 electric iron3. Of course, the sun. Without it there ____ be no life.A. willB. wouldC. canD. could4. ____fuels such as coal, gas, oil and food are common examples of chemical energy.A. variety多样化，种类B. various各种各样的C. variant变体D. scarcity不足，缺乏5.Gene technology is already being used in a ______ of fields.A. variety多样化，种类B. various各种各样的C. variant变体D. scarcity不足，缺乏a variety of:多种的6.If ___to define【定义】 it, however, we'd probably respond 【回答】 with something.A. askB. to askC. askedD. asking7.When you put a_____ waffle【华夫饼】 into the toaster【烤面包机】,electrical energy turns into heat energy.A. freezeB. frozeC. freezingD. frozen冰冻的8.Other forms of radiant energy familiar____ us are radio waves 【无线电波】,infrared rays【红外线】and so on.A .at B. with C. to D. for9. These fuels _____ heat when they burn.A. give off发出，释放出B. give up 放弃C. give in屈服，投降D. give way 让路10.These names come from the fact ___the source of energy is the nucleus【核】,or core, of the atom【原子】.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. howLesson 291.This large amount of money was ______based on three factors 【因素】.A. revealed揭露B. calculated【计算】C. objected反对D. warned警告2. The Chief Executive knew that______ save his company, hehad to reduce the high turnover costs.A. in order to为了B. in order that为了C. in regard to关于D. in regard that3. Within a two-year period, the results were_______.A. comfortable舒适的B. standard标准的C．convenient方便的 D. significant【重要的，有意义的】4.In fact，what was revealed【揭露】 was that only 6 percent of employees______ for 43 percent of the turnover.A. looked寻找B. but 要不是C. accounted导致D. called要求5.Positions that involved a substantial【大量的】 amount of time in training were the ones _____attracted the highest costing.A. whichB. whatC. whoD. that6.Hotel surveys revealed【显示】that over 30 percent of employees were not satisfied with the career_____ in their current【目前的】 jobs.A. necessities必要，需要B. opportunities机会C. realities现实D. probabilities可能性Lesson 301. My mother has lived __ since my father died 20 years ago.A. single单独的，单身的B. aloneC. sole单独的D. lonelyalone单独的.alone既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况，不含感情色彩；lonely 孤独的，寂寞的，含感情色彩。
