The_Trial

trial的例句trial这个单词是我们在日常生活和工作中经常使用的词汇，是一个名词，表示“试验、审判、考验”的意思。

在不同语境下，trial可以有着不同的含义和用法。

下面将从单词的不同用法和流行搭配的角度，分别给大家带来trial的例句。

1. 用于表示“试验、实验”的意思例句1：The team is conducting trials of a new drug that could cure cancer.这个团队正在进行一种新的药物试验，可以治愈癌症。

例句2：The company invested millions ofdollars in the trial of the new product.这家公司在新产品的试验中投入了数百万美元。

例句3：The scientists want to conduct a series of trials to examine the effectiveness of the vaccine.科学家想要进行一系列的试验来检查疫苗的有效性。

2. 用于表示“法庭审判”的意思例句1：The suspect is standing trial for robbery and assault.这名嫌疑犯因抢劫和袭击被审判。

例句2：The judge declared a mistrial after the jury failed to reach a verdict.陪审团未能达成裁决，法官宣布庭审无效。

例句3：The prosecution presented new evidence during the trial which changed the course of the case.检方在审判中呈现了新的证据，改变了案件的走向。

3. 用于表示“考验、经历”的意思例句1：Starting a new job is always a trial, but I am excited for the challenge.开始一份新工作总是一次考验，但我对这个挑战充满兴奋。

高级英语第一册第十课震撼世界的审判Tenth lessonsThe Trial That Rocked the WorldJohnIn the hot days of 1925 and July, when I was seated in the packed courtroom, a buzz ran in the crowd. My defence is a famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow?. Served as prosecutor is eloquent orator William? Jennings? Blaine, he has three times by the Democratic nominee for president of the United States, but also led me to the trial of the Christian fundamentalist movement leaders.A few weeks ago, I was just an unknown to the public in Tennessee mountain town school teacher in Dayton, and now I have become a great trial of the parties. Seated in court to testify for me with the Harvard University kodri? Led by Professor Mather, a dozen prestigious professors and scientists. There are more than 100 journalists, and even radio announcer, they have epoch-making to broadcast a jury trial. As we wait for the court when Darrow concern around my shoulder to comfort: "don't worry, son, we will give them a severe look."I just came to Dayton school as a natural science teacher and football coach soon, this case will suddenly come to my head. For years, a clash has been brewing between fundamentalists and the modernist. Fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the "Old Testament", and modernist Charles? Darwin's theory of evolution -- that all animal life, includingmonkeys and men are from the same ancestors evolved.Fundamentalist forces were strong in Tennessee, and the state legislature recently passed a law forbidding the public to teach "any theory that denies biblical creationism."." The new law is directed at Darwin's theory of evolution. There was a man named George? Pull Apulia engineer because of opposition to the regulations and the local people often debate. There is a debate, said that anyone who wants to pull the Puglia, teach biology, can not speak of evolution. Because I was teaching biology, so they called me to testify."La Puglia is right," I say to them."Then you're breaking the law," one of them said."All the other teachers are breaking the law, too," I replied. "In Hunter's biological basis, we talked about evolution. That's the textbook we use."So, pull a proposal. "Let's deliver the matter to the court," he said. "To see if it's legal."."When I was formally indicted in May 7th, no one had expected me to have imagined that my case would become so great that it would become one of the most famous trial cases in the history of the United states. The American Civil Liberties Union announces that, if necessary, the Federation will submit my case to the United States Supreme Court, "to ensure that teachers are not sent to prison for teaching truth."." Then, Blaine volunteered to assist the state government inprosecuting me.The famous lawyer Clarence Darrow? Immediately offered to defend me. Ironically, I didn't know Daro before the trial, but I met Blaine, who was speaking at school when I was in college.I admire him, though I don't agree with him.By the time the trial began in July 10th, we had a circus like atmosphere in the small town of one thousand and five hundred people. Flags were hung from buildings on both sides of the main street. On the streets around the court's three story red brick house, there were suddenly many rickety vendors shelves, selling hot dogs, religious books and watermelons. Evangelists also set up tents in the streets and preached sermons to passers-by. Nearby mountain dwellers, most of them fundamentalists, rushed to the town to cheer Blaine on against foreign infidels". Among them were John Butler who drafted the anti evolution law. Butler is a forty-nine year old farmer, the election had never been out of his native county.The presiding judge named John? Raulston, a ruddy man. "I'm just a plain mountain judge," he said, with a strong accent." Blaine looked old and clumsy, potbellied. He has 185 sons, a lawyer and a young and promising attorney general, Tom,, to help him with the prosecution. Mr. Stewart, the young attorney general of the state of Tennessee. I counsel in addition to savvy sixty-eight year old Darrow, and handsome, charismaticforty-three year old Dadelei? And Malone feld? Knowledge, the ornamental and the combined plain properties of law, especially with Arthur? Gafeierde Hess?. In a religion played a key role in the trial, Darrow was an agnostic, Malone was a Catholic,and Hays a jew. My father came specially from Kentucky to accompany me to face the trial.The judge invited a local priest to preside over the prayer service, and then the trial began. Of the twelve members of the jury, three did not read any book other than the Bible, and one could not read at all. No wonder my father angrily said: "really fucking shit jury!"Fulfills the provisions of the legal proceedings, Darrow got up to speak. "My friend Mr. attorney general told us that John? Our scopes knows why he was brought to court," Darrow drawled. "I also know why he was brought to court. That is because ignorance and prejudice are rampant, and the two are combined to form a powerful force."In the hot oven like Darrow like court pacing measured steps. "The teacher is attacked today," he continued. "Tomorrow it will be magazines, books and newspapers.". Before long, the society will is a kind of person and human enemies, different religious sects and the enemies of the situation, until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth Century, then if anyone dares to bring wisdom, knowledge and culture, will be bigots lit the pyre burned alive."His voice just fell, he heard a woman whispered loudly: "damn the heathen!"Second days, the prosecution began to summon witnesses to testify in court. My two students, who shyly giggled at me, testified to the court that I had told them about evolution,but added that they were not poisoned. A clever fourteen year old boy named Howard Morgan testified that I told them that humans were mammals like cows, horses, dogs and cats."He didn't say a cat was the same as a man?" Darrow asked."No, sir," said the child. "He said that people are capable of thinking." "This is not afraid of it," Darrow snorted.After the testimony of the witness, Blaine stood up to the jury. The question is simple, "he said." Christians believe that man comes from the sky, and evolutionism thinks that man must come from the ground." The spectators could not help but giggle, Blaine is getting more and more vigorously, his hand waving a biology textbook, the side of the mouth he denounced the scientists who had come to Dayton as my witness."The Bible", "his sonorous voice is" raise a hue and cry from scholars and experts, not by those who came all the way to witness out of the court. These experts came here for the purpose of advocating the theory of evolution is to prove that human ancestors from the jungle and God in secret, according to the image of the creation of human and arranged into the world view, is run parallel."The end of his speech, chin up, with shining eyes, the audience immediately broke out in cheers applause and shouts "Amen". But there seems to be something missing. The fiery fervor that Blaine had shown in the past when he swept through politics as a prairie fire has disappeared. The audience seemed to feel that their champion can not fully play its eloquence those hereticsa Petals drop and waters flow.Dadelei? How? Malone jumped up against Blaine. "Blaine is not the only person qualified to defend the Bible," he said. "In our country, there are people who devote all their lives to God and religion.". Mr. Blaine, however, enthusiastically devoted most of his life to politics." Blaine took a sip from the cup, and Malone's tone of voice grew higher and higher. He called for academic freedom and accused Blaine of deliberately stirring up a desperate duel between science and religion."No man has ever been able to fight the truth," he roared. "The truth is always winner - we are not afraid of that.". Truth needs no Mr Blaine. Truth is eternal, immortal, and does not have to rely on human strength to preserve it!"When Malone finished, there was a silence on the field, but then the court broke into a mighty storm of applause. More than just as Blaine's applause. However, although the game with Blaine Malone in the victory, the scientists decided not to judge here to testify for the defence.During the recess,We found Dayton town streets and lanes everywhere was crowded with strangers, in every corner there are some hawkers selling goods. A shop sign says: Darwin: Yes - just inside. This is little Darwin's clothing store. And a contractor rented a shop window to show an ape. Some people spend money to see the ape and wonder if they may have any origins."The poor brute with his hands over his eyes, curled up in a corner," a reporter wrote, "that is really the homologous."H L?. Mencken wearing shorts, while blowing fan, and write some spicy irony telecommunications presentation. Because of what he called "hillbilly" in the local residents, so people talk to him out of town. The twenty-two day to send a telegraph operator one hundred and sixty-five thousand word report the trial message.Because of the heat and the fear that the old court floor would collapse because of the weight of the crowd, the trial went on under the maple tree in the open. Come to view the trial of more than 2000 people, some of them sat down on a wooden bench, or squatting on the grass, some lying in a parked car on the roof, others from the window gawked looked. Then the climax of the trial arrived. Due to the limitations of the anti evolution law, the prosecution had to adhere to the position that the Bible must be interpreted literally. At this time, Darrow sprang his trump card to call Blaine as a witness for the defence. The judge was all surprised. "We want him as a witness because he is the" Bible "experts," Darrow said. As an authority on Confucian classics, his reputation is universally acknowledged."Blaine was suspicious, I do not know that the gourd in Darrow full of craft and cunning to sell what medicine, but he could not accept the challenge. For years he has been in the interpretation of "the Bible", and also worked on the "Bible" books. Even before the anti evolution laws were passed, he launched an anti Darwinian campaign in Tennessee. At this time, I saw him holding a resolute courageous is like a palm leaf fan,take it as a tuidi sword like, with vigorous strides went to witness.In the calm tone Taowen Darrow, he admitted that his "Bible" of the word, the onlookers of his passionate answer from time to time and with a warm, shouting "amen.Darrow opened the "Genesis" read: "the night all the morning were the first day." Next he asked Blaine if he believed that the sun was created in fourth days, and Blaine answered that he believed."How could there be no sun before the morning and evening?" asked darrow.Blaine mopped his bald dome in silence. Laughter broke out in the crowd, and even some devout Christians laughed. Darrow twirled his glasses, while continuing to ask questions. He asked if Blaine believed the story of Eve every word is true, Blaine replied in the affirmative."Then you have to believe that God punished the serpent will let all the snakes from the ever creeping story is true?""I believe it to be true.".""Well, then you know how the snake went before that?"The audience of the trial laughed loudly. Blaine was livid with anger and fury his voice rose, holding a fan kept shaking."Your honor," he said. "I'm going to answer all of Mr. Daro's questions at once. I want the world to know that the unbelieving man is using the courts of Tennessee to slander god......""I disagree with this statement," Darrow shouted. "I'm just testing your foolish ideas. No Christian in the world would believe your thoughts."."The judge gavel sounded stopped noise, immediately adjourned the retrial.Blaine stood there all alone. When the audience have pushed past him with Romania shake hands when my heart is sad for the heroes of the past.At noon on the second day, the jury was ordered to decide on the case. The jurymen retired to a corner of the lawn, whispered for just nine minutes, the verdict was guilty. I was fined $one hundred and paid for the lawsuit.Dadelei? How? Malone said the trial result is a "victory of the battle for me". Several southern newspapers, calling their loyalty to the hero who had lost their former glory, called the trial "Blaine's victory" and cheered it. Blaine I was sad and exhausted, after the trial had died in Dayton two days.The school asked me to go back to my former teaching position, but I declined. Several professors who have come to testify for me have secured me a scholarship to University of Chicago, so that I can continue my studies in science. Later, I became a geologist with an oil company.Not long ago, I in the trial thirty-seven years after the first return to dayton. In my eyes, the town is still in sight, but there is just one more William Jennings Blaine University, situated on a small hillside overlooking the valley below.There are a few other changes. Evolution has been taught in Tennessee, although the law that convicted me has not been repealed. By Clarence Darrow and Dadelei feld Malone set off in the small town of Dayton Court on that debate is like a storm wind through the schools and the legislature of the United States, followed by new thoughts and academic freedom in growing the.。

Lesson‎4 The Trial That Rocked‎the World震撼世界的审‎判A buzz ran throug‎h the crowd as I took my place in the packed‎court on that swelte‎r ing July day in 1925. The counse‎l for my defenc‎e was the famous‎crimin‎a l lawyer‎Claren‎c e Darrow‎.Leadin‎g counse‎l for the prosec‎u tion was Willia‎m Jennin‎g s Bryan, the silver‎-tongue‎d orator‎, three times Democr‎a tic nomine‎e for Presid‎e nt of the United‎States‎,and leader‎of the fundam‎e ntali‎s t moveme‎n t that had brough‎t about my trial.在一九二五年‎七月的那个酷‎热日子里，当我在挤得水‎泄不通的法庭‎里就位时，人群中响起一‎阵嘁嘁喳喳的‎议论声。

我的辩护人是‎著名刑事辩护‎律师克拉伦斯‎.达罗。

担任主控官的‎则是能说会道‎的演说家威廉‎.詹宁斯.布莱恩，他曾三次被民‎主党提名为美‎国总统候选人‎，而且还是导致‎我这次受审的‎基督教原教旨‎主义运动的领‎导人。

A few weeks before‎I had been an unknow‎n school‎-teache‎r in Dayton‎, a little‎town in the mounta‎i ns of Tennes‎s ee. Now I was involv‎e d in a trial report‎e d the world over. Seated‎in court, ready to testif‎y on my behalf‎,were a dozen distin‎g uishe‎d profes‎s ors and scient‎i sts, led by Profes‎s or Kirtle‎y Mather‎of Harvar‎d Univer‎s ity. More than 100 report‎e rs were on hand, and even radio announ‎c er s, who for the first time in histor‎y were to broadc‎a st a jury trial. "Don't worry, son, we'll show them a few tricks‎," Darrow‎had whispe‎r ed throwi‎n g a reassu‎r ing arm round my should‎e r as we were waitin‎g for the court to open.几个星期之前‎，我还只是田纳‎西州山区小镇‎戴顿的一名默‎默无闻的中学‎教员，而现在我却成‎了一次举世瞩‎目的庭审活动‎的当事人。

Lesson 4 The Trial That Rocked the WorldDetailed study of the text:1.Teaching Activities (Text Analysis 2 English Version)A buzz ran through the crowd…thatsweltering July day in 1952:1)buzz: the vibrating sound of a bee; here it refers to the sound of many people whisperingor talking excitedly in low tones2)ran through the crowd: spread among the people who had come to watch the trial3)as I took my place in the packed court: as I went to my seat in the court which wascrowded with people2.Leading counsel for the prosecution…that had brought about my trial:1)prosecution: the group of people who are concerned in bringing a criminal charge againstsomeone in court2)the fundamentalist movement: a militantly conservative and fanatically religiousAmerican Protestant movement that began in the early 20th century in opposition to modern scientific tendency; it holds that the Bible is a verbally accurate recording of the word of God, and was strong in parts of the U.S. especially the South, at the time.3)Fundamentalist movement that had brought about the trial: The trial was brought to courtby Scopes and his lawyers. However, it was the fundamentalist movement which made the trial necessary, because it was this movement that had created the religious atmosphere that was responsible for the law which prohibited the teaching of evolution in the schools, and it was the existence of that law which made it necessary to hold a trial to challenge the law.3.seated in court…of Harvard University:1)ready to testify on my behalf: prepared to submit evidence to support or benefit me ( ormy case)2)on (in )somebody‟s behalf, on (in) behalf of sb.: to benefit, support, serve the interests ofsb.3)Harvard University: the oldest university of the United States., at Cambridge,Massachusetts, founded in 1636 and named after its first benefactor, John Harvard(1607-1638), a nonconformist minister born in England4. a jury trial: a trial that had a jury (a group of 12 responsible, impartial citizens chosen to hearthe case and make the decision (reach a verdict) of a guilty or not in accordance with their findings5.“Don‟t worry, son, we‟ll show them a few tricks.” ...as we were waiting for the court to open:1)throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder: putting his arm in an informal, friendlyway around me so that his hand rested on my shoulder, the shoulder that was further away from Darrow.2)Reassuring arm: Obviously the arm can‟t be reassuring; it means in a reassuring manner,a friendly gesture to put John at ease; the figure of speech used here is a transferredepithet.3)Don’t worry, young man, we’ll do a few things to outwit the prosecution.”※ The case had erupted round my head not long after...at the secondary school.my head: person, me synecdocheI was suddenly engulfed by the whole affair.6.The fundamentalists… Old Testament:1)adhere to: believe in , follow devotedly2)literal interpretation: word for word acceptance of what is said in the Bible3)Old Testament: that part of the Bible that refers to events before the birth of Christ. Note:all the words likie the Bible, God(Lord, He Him) and Christ (Saviour) are capitalized. 7.The modernists …had evolved from a common ancestor: Charles Darwin: English naturalist,born on Feb. 12, 1809 at Shrewsbury, died on April 19, 1882; publi shed “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection” in 1859. The theory of evolution asserts that all living forms, plants and animals, including Man, have developed from earlier and simpler forms by processors of change and selection.8.the state legislature…as taught in the Bible:1)state legislature: official body of people who pass ( determine, decide) laws. Each of the50 states in the U.S. has a legislature. The national legislature is called the congress2)that denies the story of creation: that refuses to believe that all human beings aredescended from Adam and Eve, who were created by God9.“Let‟s take this thing…test the legality of it.”:1)this thing: refers to this matter, this problem; here it refers to Scopes‟ teaching of evolutionnad hence his violation of the law, “this thing” is an imprecise expression on the part of Rappelyea, but very common in spoken English※ No one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in US history. (Para.9)I was the last one to expected that my case would develop into one of the most famous trials in American history.10.our town had taken on a circus atmosphere:1)circus: public entertainment consisting of a variety of performances by acrobats, clownsand trained animals, often performed in large tents by a group that travels from one town to another2)circus atmosphere: a kind of rowdy or riotous, holiday spirit3)All sorts of activities were going on in the town and there was a kind of noisy holidayspirit. ( Suddenly the town was transformed into a kind of circus with many people coming to hear the trial. The town people took advantage of the sudden influx of visitors to expand their business activities.11.The streets…and watermelons1)sprout: grow or develop quickly; shaky(poorly made) stalls or booths suddenly appeared2)hot dog: long, thin, sausage in a bun. Hot dogs and hamburgers (ground beef patty in abun) are sometimes seen as symbols of American culture. As fast foods they represent, esp. to Europeans, the quick pace and low quality of life in the U.S.3)These rickety stands, which appeared suddenly everywhere, sold hot dogs, religiousbooks, watermelons, etc… This adds to the town‟s circus atmosphere. Religious books were sold because many religious people attended this trial in which religion played a key role.12.People from the surrounding hills…the “infidel outsiders”:1)surrounding hills: referring to the hills near the town which were a part of theAppalachian Mts., a mountain chain in eastern North America extending parallel to the coast fro 1,600 miles from southern Quebec to central Alabama, passing through Tennessee2)infidel: unbelievers in religious sense, meaning godless and implying being the hands ofthe devil3)outsiders: referring to the northern, big city lawyers, professors and scientists who wouldbe held in suspicion as trouble-makers by narrow-minded, small town southerners. It is in quote to signify that this is a false view held by such people.13.I‟m just a reg ular mountaineer ju dge.”:I’m just an ordinary judge from the mountains. Uneducated-sounding southern accent and his statement about himself conveys false modesty about being with the people and indicates regional narrow-mindedness and bigotry.14.Besides the shrewd 68-year-old Darrow…steeped in the law:1)shrewd: astute, sharp, clever, not to be outwitted; used admiringly here; sometimesimplying negative qualities---cunning, tricky, dishonest2)magnetic: strongly attractive; said of a person, personality3)steeped in the law: thoroughly familiar with the law15.It is a trial…Hays a Jew:1)in a trial in which religion played a key role: Scopes was accused of violating the lawwhich prohibited the teaching of any theory that denied the story of creation as taught in the Bible. And it was the fundamentalists who made the state legislature pass the law.That‟s why the writer said religion played a key role in the trial.2)Agnostic: a person who questions, doubts the existence of God and claims that Hisexistence can‟t be proved; may agn ostics simply leave it at that and do not bother with the question of religion any further3)The whole sentence points out the religious and non-religious diversity of the defencecounsel in contrast to the prosecution, hinting that the defence counsels would be more broad-minded and objective.16.The judge called for a minister to …”That‟s one hell of a jury!”:1)minister: a person authorized to conduct worship, administer sacraments etc. in aChristian church, esp. any Protestant clergyman2)one hell of a jury(or a hell of a jury): no jury at all; a completely inappropriate jury( because they are too partial); this is a common phrase meaning something unusuale.g. That was a hell of an exam.(unusually difficult)It‟s been one hell of a trip.It‟s a hell of a cha nge.3)The whole paragraph shows the religious bias of the trial right from the start, indicatesthe pro-fundamentalist atmosphere that will pervade the trial and gives readers a taste of things to come.17.Today it is the teachers…the newspapers:1)it refers to the target of ignorant and bigoted persecution2)today the teachers art put on trials because they teach scientific theory; soon thenewspapers and magazines will not be allowed to express new ideas, to spreadknowledge of science.18.After a while, it is the setting of man against man…until we are are marching backwards tothe glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted ...to the human mind:1)setting of man against man: making man fight each other, causing universal enmity2)creed against creed: making one religion fight another religion causing universalintolerance and widespread religious persecution3)marching backwards to the glorious age: : marching usually implies going forward for agreat cause; here it is used ironically, meaning retrogress to the dark age of the 16th century; retrogressing to the dark age of the 16th century, expressed in an ironical tone.Irony4)16th century: The 16th century was the time of the Renaissance when new ideas of arts,science began flourish. The Church led a reactionary movement against the Renaissance which threatened old religious beliefs. They intimidated free-thinkers and even burned them to death at the stake---i.t. tied them to a pole and ignited sticks piled up at their feet.5)Bigot: someone obstinately and intolerantly devoted to his own beliefs, creed or party 19.damned: curse , condemn to eternal punishment(hell). Used interchangeably with damn. Oftenlightened into weaker word---darn, darned. Both are common. Other meanings of damn(ed): Not worth a damn(darn)---of no value. Don‟t give a damn(darn)---don‟t care.Superlative---damnedest, darnedest. To try your damnedest---hardest20.“There is some doubt about that”, Darrow snorted:1)snort: say in a scornful, contemptuous way as if with a snort (exhale forcibly and noisilythrough the nostrils, as a horse)2)It is doubtful whether man has reasoning power. Darrow is sarcastically referring to thefundamentalists, implying that they don‟t have reasoning power.Sarcasm3)“It is doubtful whether man has reasoning power,” said Darrow sarcastically21.The Christian believes man came from above. The evolutionist…must have come from below:1)Christians believe that God in heaven made human beings but evolutionists think humanbeings come from the earth (or from lowly animals) A ntithesis2)Bryan is being sarcastic. The statement implies that there‟s nothing lofty, noble or greatabout human beings in the evolutionists‟ view. The two statements are expressed in sucha way that they form a contrast, a definite statement about Christian belie f and a …musthave come‟ statement about evolutionist belief, meaning the evolutionists are merely guessing. They think that if people don‟t come from God, they must come from somewhere else, and coming from below is as good a guess as any.22.In one hand…for the defence:1)brandish: wave menacingly, as a weapon; the use of the word brings to mind the wavingof swords by inspired soldiers in religious wars2)words brandish and denounce give a sense of Bryan behaving as if he had a sacredcalling (duty) from God. This sentence and the next paragraph suggest that he is implying that the theory of evolution comes from the devil (Satan), and that the supporters of the defence are doing the devil‟s work.23.“The Bible is not going to…a divine plan.”:1)thunder, sonorous, organ: All these words convey the sound of his voice---deep, full,loud, rumbling, impressive. Ministers, evangelists, other religious leaders cultivate sucha voice (it‟s actually taught in seminaries) to evole emotion on the part of their listeners.2)Expert: the word is used sarcastically because Bryan means the opposite3)Who come hundreds of miles: subtle implication of them as outside trouble-makers4)Reconcile: find agreement between; make (arguments, ideas etc.) consistent, compatibleetc.5)They can reconcile evolution…with man made by God in His image…: They can provethat the theory of man descending from monkey is compatible with the theory of man created by God.6)This is an interesting construction: if he were being open-minded and fair he would havesaid---that evolution and the Bible can be reconciled. By putting it this way, he implies that they (the “experts”) claim (falsely) that they can do the impossible. This construction, together with the use of the word “experts” implies that they are fakes.7)With its ancestors in the jungle: with monkeys (or apes) as their ancestors; a phrasedesigned to represent evolution as the degradation og human beings8)In His image: in His likeness, reflecting God9)His purpose and the divine plan are never specified more clearly than this because God issupposed to be mysterious, beyond human knowledge; so it‟s believed that God has a master plan for the world but humans can‟t possibly figure it out, even though Bryan and people like him seem sure that evolution isn‟t part of God‟s plan.10)With man made by God…a divine plan: full of words (God, His image, His purpose,divine plan) that are designed to uplift, to show loftiness in contrast to the lowly jungle evolution idea.11)The whole sentence is full of trickery as Bryan uses sarcasm and degradation and playson the jury‟s religious emotions to undermine the defence.24.Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Byran had swept the political arena like prairiefire.1)inverted sentence for emphasis2)fierce fervor:field of politics; arena is a place usually where contests are heldAlliteration3)swept…like a prairie fire: moved quickly with the speed of a fire in a large flat grassland;a prairie fire is a simile; it perhaps refers to the speech tours Bryan took in the electioncampaigns, making fiery speeches, overwhelming his opponents and rallying people under his banner4)Despite his eloquence, he was not as forceful and persuasive as he used to be.※The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breath of his oratory as he should have. Metaphorscorched: burnt;hot breath of his oratory: his breath coming out heatedly as he spoke.25.He appealed for…and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science andreligion .1)appeal (fro): make a strong request (for help, support, mercy etc.)2)calling for a duel to the death: demanding that a life or death struggle be fourght3)duel: preplanned combat with deadly weapons between two people. In Middle Ages, aninsult would be sufficient cause for a duel. People dueled to defend their honor. It is usedmetaphorically here.4) A duel to the death: a life or death struggle to be fought Metaphor5)Malone, while a Catholic, was also a liberal. His view was that people should be allowedto think all so rts of things. Science and religioncould coexist and there needn‟t be a deadly combat (as Bryan was waging) to prove one right and the other wrong.6)...accused Bryan of demanding that a life or death struggle be fought between scienceand religion26.When Malone finished there was a momentary hush. Then the court broke into a storm ofapplause that surpassed that for Bryan.1)storm of applause: loud, noisy applause, like a thunder storm; storm is usedmetaphorically Metaphor2)When Malone finished it was silent fofr only a very brief time and then there was anoutburst of applause, greater than Bryan had received,3)Note the contrast between hush and storm. This is like a summer stotrm when the skyblackens and there is quiet before the storm breaks.27.When the court adjourned…with strangers;1) swarm: (n.) a large number of insects esp. bees, usually in motion (v.) move or emergein a swarm2) When the court session finished ( not the end of the trial) the people left the courtroom andfound the area around the court full of people from other places(out0of-towners).※ Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related. (Para. 26).People paid in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and humans could have a common ancestry.28.One shop announced… Everything-to-wear store:1)Everything-to-wear store: clothing store, outdated phrase2)DARWIN IS RIGHT---INSIDE: This is a pun. The author plays on the differentmeanings of the words. Darwin and right Darwin can refer to the English naturalist or to the shop owner, while right can mean correct or directly. So when one pauses before the dash, the sign means Darwin (the naturalist) is correct; when you read out the whole sign in a breath, it means the shop owner is directly inside.29.The poor brute… afraid it might be true.The reporter wrote in an assumingly sympathetic way for the ape but the intention was to ridicule the foolishness of the fundamentalists. Even the ape shrank in fear when it realized that it might share the same ancestor with those irrational human beings.30.Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a witness for the defence:1)spring: present suddenly, unexpectedly; produce as a surprise2)trump card: in some card games, a certain suit is declared trump, i.e., as outranking allother suits; the winning card; an important advantage3)spring his trump card: use suddenly that which is most advantageous to his cause in orderto improve his position4)Darrow surprised everyone by asking for Bryan as a witness for Scopes which was abrilliant idea31.His reputation as an authority ..the world:1)People all over the world admitted that he was an expert on the Bible.2)This is an exaggeration meant to ridicule Bryan and to put him in a disadvantageousposition.32.Resolutely…to repe l his enemies:1)stride: walk with long steps in a vigorous manner2)repel: drive back by or as if by force ( Note: One can repel or repulse an enemy but onecan only repulse an offer of friendship)3)The author depicts Bryan as a soldier going to battle with the palm fan as his weapon.The depiction creates a vivid and ridiculous image in the reader‟s mind: the three-time Democratic presidential nominee, the authority on Scripture walked bravely to the witness stand to meet the challenge with a palm fan in his hand. A Don Quixote type of hero,33.Under Darrow‟s quiet questioning…with fervent “Amen”:1)punctuate: interrupt periodically2)defiant reply: answers that show strong resistance, standing up for his beliefs3)fervent: showing great warmth of feeling; intensely devoted or earnest( It suggests a fieryof enthusiasm or devotion)4)The fickle spectators, who were mainly fundamentalists, switched back to Bryan‟s side,and took his words as if they were prayers, interrupting frequently with “Amen”.5)Compare ask, inquire, question, and interrogate:Ask is the usual verb for questions, which can be followed by a noun, pronoun, and a sentence; inquire(or enquire) has the same meaning, but it‟s more formal, and is not followed by a noun or pronoun object, e.g. “Where do you live?” he inquire. To questiona person is to ask them many questions, and to interrogate suggests that the person isbeing held by force and asked questions that they are unwilling to answer.34.Genesis: 创世纪first Book of the Old Testament which recounts the creation of the world andclaims that God made the world and everything in it in 6 days and rested on the 7th (which is why one day is set aside as a day of rest---Sat. for Jews, Sun. for Christians) It outlines God‟s work during each of the 6 days, and says tha ton the first day there was morning and everything and that God made the sun on the fourth day.35.“How could there have…” Darrow enquired: Darrow first tricked Bryan into making positiveassertions before showing that what he believed was not logically po ssible. Darrow‟s intention was to show how indefensible Bryan‟s position was.36.“Your honor …to cast slurs on Him…”: Bryan is trying to save face, turn the tables onDarrow and win back sympathy from the audience for himself by charging Darrow with being an infidel who is making use of the court to belittle God. Actually whether or not Darrow believed in God was irrelevant.37.no intelligent Christian believes: Thoughtful Christians accept the basic principles ofChristianity---e.g. one God, brotherhood, charity---but not the literal truth of the Bible as do Bryan and the fundamentalists.※My heart went out to the old warrior as spectators pushed by him to shake Darrow‟s hand. (Para. 43)Darrow had gotten the best of Bryan, who looked helplessly lost and pitiable as everyone ignored him and rushed past him to congratulate Darrow. When I saw this , I felt sorry for Bryan.38.Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a “victorious defeat”.Victorious defeat: l iterally a defeat (found guilty, fined), but really something of a victory fro the revolutionists because the very light sentence signifies the jury wasn’t outraged at his “crime”. Oxymoron Also the trial brought the issues out into the open, and the publicity largely showed the scientific viewpoint in a favorable light and as reasonable. These really were the main objectives of having the trial in the first place.。

Lesson FourThe Trial That Rocked the World (Monkey Trial)-------John ScopeBackground Information about the Trial This article is written by John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 –October 21, 1970). He is a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee at the age of 24, and was charged on May 25, 1925 with violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in Tennessee schools. His trial was a highly publicized confrontation between defense attorney Clarence Darrow and director of the prosecution ,William Jennings Byran. Scopes was found guilty and fined a nominal sum, but his conviction was later reversed on technical grounds. The name of John Scopes became synonymous with his trial, which is popularly known as the Monkey Trial. A film, called Inherit the Wind, was made from the trial ,with much of the dialogue coming directly form transcripts of the court proceedings.•本文的作者约翰托马斯各普斯。

trial的用法一、trial的基本用法•trial是一个名词，意为“试验”或“尝试”。

•trial可以作动词，表示“试用”或“试验”。

二、trial作为名词的用法1. 表示“审判”•The trial of the accused will begin next week.（被告的审判将于下周开始。

）2. 表示“试验”或“实验”•We conducted a clinical trial to test the new drug.（我们进行了一项临床试验，测试新药的效果。

）3. 表示“考验”或“困难”•Going on a survival trip is a great trial of one’s physical and mental strength.（进行一次生存之旅是对一个人身心力量的巨大考验。

）三、trial作为动词的用法1. 表示“试用”•You can trial our software for 30 days before making a purchase decision.（在做出购买决定之前，你可以试用我们的软件30天。

）2. 表示“实验”或“试验”•The company is trialing a new marketing strategy to attract more customers.（该公司正在试验一种新的营销策略，以吸引更多顾客。

）3. 表示“审判”或“审理”•The court is currently trialing the case against the defendant.（法庭目前正在审理针对被告的案件。

）四、常见短语和表达1. on trial•The suspect is now on trial for the murder of his wife.（嫌疑人现正因杀害妻子而受审。

）2. stand trial•The accused will have to stand trial for his alleged crimes.（被告将会因其涉嫌的罪行而受审。

Trial 的用法1. 什么是 trial？Trial 是一个英语单词，可以作为名词或动词使用。

作为名词时，trial 指的是一次审判、试验或考验；作为动词时，trial 意味着对某事物进行审判、试验或测试。

2. 名词 trial 的用法2.1 审判Trial 在法律领域中常被用来指代一次审判。

例如：•The suspect is awaiting trial.（嫌疑人正在等待审判。

）•The trial of the accused will begin next week.（被告的审判将于下周开始。

）2.2 试验Trial 还可以表示一次科学实验或测试活动。

例如：•The drug is currently undergoing clinical trials.（这种药目前正在进行临床试验。

）•The new car model will be launched after successful trials.（新车型将在成功的试验后推出。

）2.3 考验除此之外，trial 还可指一种考验或困难的经历。

例如：•Starting a new business was a real trial for him.（开办新业务对他来说是一个真正的考验。

）•Going through a divorce can be a difficult trial for anyone.（经历离婚对任何人来说都是一个艰难的考验。

）3. 动词 trial 的用法3.1 审判作为动词，trial 可以表示对某人或某事物进行审判。

例如：•The court will trial the accused next month.（法庭将在下个月对被告进行审判。

）•The company is being trialed for alleged tax evasion.（该公司因涉嫌逃税正在接受审判。

）3.2 试验Trial 作为动词还可以表示对某事物进行试验或测试。