(完整版)含有情态动词的虚拟语气

（完整版）英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结英语中的虚拟语气是一种表示非事实或想象的语气，用来表达对现实情况的猜测、愿望、要求、建议、命令和反讽等。

虚拟语气主要通过动词的形式和句子的结构来表达。

一、虚拟语气的用法：1.表达建议、要求、命令、禁止：- 主语+动词原形+宾语（动词原形要用动词底形、如be）；- 主语+动词原形+that从句（用于表达建议、命令、禁止，动词原形用“should + 动词原形”或用情态动词）。

例句：- It is important that he be present at the meeting.（建议）- I suggest that he should go to the doctor.（建议）- They insisted that he leave the room immediately.（命令）2.表达愿望、请求、要求：-主语+动词过去式；- 主语+would/could/might + 动词原形；- 主语+动词过去式+宾语+should + 动词原形。

例句：- I wish I could fly.（愿望）- I would appreciate it if you could help me.（请求）3.表示虚拟条件：- If条件从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would/should/might/could + have + 过去分词；- If条件从句中的谓语动词用过去时，主句用would/should/could + 动词原形。

例句：- If I had known his phone number, I would have called him.（虚拟条件）- If you had listened to me, we could have finished the project earlier.（虚拟条件）4.表达建议、要求、祝愿：- If only内部称述 + 主语 + 过去式。

情态动词在虚拟语气中的特殊用法
情态动词在虚拟语气中有以下几种用法：
1.与现在事实相反的情况：在这种情况下，主句的谓语动词使用“would+动
词原形”，而从句的谓语动词则使用“were+to+动词原形”或“动词的过去式”。

2.与将来事实相反的情况：与将来事实相反的虚拟语气可以通过以下几种形
式表示：主句使用“would+动词原形”，从句使用“were+to+动词原形”
或“动词的过去式”；主句使用“would+动词原形”，从句使用“should+动词原形”；主句和从句都使用“might+动词原形”。

3.与过去事实相反的情况：在这种情况下，主句的谓语动词使用
“would+have+过去分词”，而从句的谓语动词则使用“had+过去分词”。

此外，还有一些特殊用法，例如：在if引导的条件句中，如果从句使用了虚拟语气，而主句表示的是真实情况，则可以使用倒装句来避免混淆。

另外，在虚拟语气中，情态动词“should”也可以省略，直接使用动词原形来表示虚拟语气。

总之，情态动词在虚拟语气中有多种用法，通过灵活运用这些用法，可以增强语言的表达力和感染力。

虚拟语气一、用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气1、 should +动词原形(有时省略should)(1)用在动词如advise, request, require, suggest, urge,demand,desire,command, insist, order, propose, recommend, 等后的宾语从句中。

例如:1)They requested that we (should) send a invitation to their school、2)He urged that he acquaint and apply the methods、2、用在it is suggested,it has been decided, it is desired, it was proposed,it is required, it was ordered, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that等引出的主语从句中。

例如:1)It is required that we (should) get everything done by tomorrow night、2)It is imperative that the teachers (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject they teach、3、用在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表语从句与同位语从句例如:She drives her vessel carefully lest she should lost her way、4.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中例如:He laughed as if he had never been happier before、5.用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中例如:It is high time you stop bitting your child、6.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中例1:I wish I were as tall as you、例2:He insisted that we (should) catch up the first bus in the morning、7.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中例1:Could you hand me some pepper?例2:You might have told me earlier、例3:Hadn’t you better go and see you lover ?8.用在表示祝愿的简单句中例1:Long live world peace、例2:May you best、二.虚拟语气谓语动词的几种表现形式:1.用于虚拟条件句中虚拟条件句及其主句的谓语形式可归纳如下:从句谓语主句谓语与现在事实相反 were, did would (should, could, might) + v、与将来事实相反 should do, would (should, could, might) + v、(可能性极小) were+to+v、与过去事实相反 had done would (should, could, might) + have done例1:I could definitely see the final score if I had the time、例2:How nice it would be if you could bring a gift、例3:Thay might have arrived on time if the car haven’t broken down on the road、如果条件从句中包含有were, had, should或could,有时可把if省略掉,但这时要把were, had, should或could放在主语前面(这种结构在口语中较少使用)。

现在：过去时 过去：过去完成时
• She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
• It seems as if it were spring.
• I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.
15
If you had told me in advance, I ____C______him
at the airport.
A. would meet
B. would had meet
C. would have met
D. would have meet
If there were nor subjunctive mood, English __D___
B. would come; would D. comes; might
If the parents ___C___at the hospital earlier after
the accident, the child would have been saved.
A. arrives C. had arrived
was angry wouldn’t do
B. hadn’t done D. wasn’t doing
19
-----He is a brave man.
-----Yes, I wish I ____B_____his courage.
A. Have B. had C. will have D. would have
18
The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I

情态动词在虚拟语气中的特殊用法及其含义
情态动词在虚拟语气中的特殊用法主要有以下几种：
1.“would rather +宾语从句”：这种结构中的从句使用虚拟语气，表示
“宁愿……”。

2.例如：I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。

3.“It is (high) time +从句”：这种结构中的从句也使用虚拟语气，表示
“是时候做某事了”。

4.例如：It is high time we did something about it. 我们早该对此采取一些
措施了。

5.“if only”：这个词也用于虚拟语气，表示“要是……就好了”。

6.例如：If only I had known! 要是我早知道就好了！
7.“would/could/might/should have done”：这些结构表示对过去情
况的虚拟。

8.例如：I wish she would have done what she was told to do. 我希望她
已经按照指示做了该做的事。

9.“needn’t have done”：这个结构表示“本来不必做而做了”。

10.例如：I needn’t have hurried，for the party didn’t start till 8 o’
clock. 我本来不必匆忙，因为晚会8点才开始。

这些情态动词的特殊用法在日常交流中十分常见，但具体使用还需要根据语境来判断。

希望以上信息对您有所帮助！。

“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。

2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。

“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。

He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。

请看相关知识点：一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。

1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。

2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。

二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。

1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。

2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。

三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。

高考语法虚拟语气虚拟语气在高考语法考试中占据很重要的位置。

虚拟语气是用来表示非真实的、不确定的、假设的情况，或表达愿望、建议、命令等的语气。

下面我将详细介绍虚拟语气的各种形式及其用法。

一、虚拟语气的情态动词虚拟语气通常由情态动词来表示，包括：1. should + 动词原形，可以表示建议或命令。

2. would + 动词原形，可以表示请求或愿望。

3. could + 动词原形，可以表示能力、请求或愿望。

4. might + 动词原形，可以表示可能性。

5. had + 过去分词，可以表示对过去情况的假设。

6. were + 动词原形，多用于第二和第三人称单数的句子中，表示假设或愿望。

二、虚拟语气的用法1. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句常用在表示条件的从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设情况。

主句中常使用情态动词或“would”来表示假设的结果。

例句1：If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.（假设的情况是我是一只鸟，结果是我会在天空中飞翔。

）例句2：If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.（假设的情况是你学习更努力了，结果是你已经通过考试了。

）2. 虚拟语气用于表达命令、建议、要求、要求等虚拟语气还常用于表达命令、建议、要求等。

在这种情况下，常用“should + 动词原形”或“would + 动词原形”。

例句3：You should help your parents with the housework.（你应该帮助你的父母做家务。

）例句4：I wish you would listen to me.（我希望你能听我说。

）3. 虚拟语气用于表达愿望虚拟语气还常用于表达愿望，其中“would”是常见的情态动词。

例句5：I wish I could play the piano.（我希望我能弹钢琴。

（第一讲）虚拟语气情态动词一、课目的与考点分析虚拟语气与情态动词二、教学内容：表示与事实情况相反条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示过去情况过去完成式(had +done Would / could / might / should (用于第1人称)+have done表示现在情况Were1/4情态动词+V原Ved1/4个情态动词+ do表示将来情况①should + do②were to do虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。

一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1)混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

虚拟语气中的情态动词用法虚拟语气是一个语法概念，在英语中用于表达假设、愿望、建议、命令等信息。

情态动词在虚拟语气中发挥重要作用，它们改变了动词的形式，以表示可能性、不确定性或假设的情况。

本文将介绍虚拟语气中情态动词的用法，并提供一些实例来更好地理解。

一、表示虚拟条件1. "would" + 原形动词虚拟条件通常用于表示不可能或不太可能实现的情况。

在这种情况下，我们使用"would"来构造条件从句。

例子：- If I had more time, I would go on vacation.（如果我有更多时间，我会去度假。

）- If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。

）2. "should" + 原形动词这种用法表示无法预测或期望发生的情况。

"should"用于构造条件从句。

例子：- If it should rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.（如果明天下雨，我们会取消野餐。

）- Should you need any assistance, please let me know.（如果你需要任何帮助，请告诉我。

）二、表示假设、愿望和建议1. "would" / "could" / "might" + 动词原形这些情态动词通常用于表达对过去或现在无法实现的愿望、建议或假设。

例子：- I wish I could speak French fluently.（但事实并非如此）（我希望我能流利地说法语。

）- If only I had more money, I might travel around the world.（如果我有更多的钱，我可能会环游世界。

虚拟语气复习If 条件句从句（条件）主句（目的）例句与现在事实相反did/were should / would/could / might + do If I had time, I would attend the meeting.与过去事实相反had done should / would/ could / might + havedone If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.=Had he hurried, he could …与将来事实相反 1.did2.should do3.were to do should / would/could / might + do If I were to go abroad, I would go toAmerica.含蓄条件句Otherwise（否则），or，without，but for（要不是）,if only（要是...多好）引导的虚拟语气She would have died without my help.If only I were a flying birdwish/hope/asif/as though / would rather that 后1.表示与现在事实相反,谓语用did/were He treats the boy as if he were his own son.2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语had done He spoke as if he had known about it3.表示与将来事实相反用would (might, could)+do He acts as if he could win in the game .一个坚持insist，两个命令order,command，三个建议suggest, advise, recommend，四个要求ask, demand, request, require 这些词后的复合句：(should) doWe suggested that the meeting (should) beput off.We all agree to that suggestion that themeeting (should) be put off.“It is(was)+形容词/名词+that…sb. (should ) do 常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange, pity,adviceIt’s quite necessary that we （should ）havea walk now.It’s a pity that you (should) miss a g oodchanceIt is (about/high) time+that sb. （did/should do）“该做……..的时候了”注：should不可省略It is high time that you went / should go to school.情态动词+have donemust have done(另：对现在的肯定猜测：must be/do ）对过去的肯定推测（只能用于肯定句）译为“过去肯定…”She must have earned much money, for he bought an expensivecar last week.can’t / couldn’t have done (另：对现在的否定猜测：can’t be/do) 对过去的否定推测（只能用于否定句）译为“过去不可能做了…”He can’t have gone far, for his coat is still here.He couldn’t have known the decision, but someone told him.can/could have done 本来能够做而没做He could have visited the Great Wall but it suddenly began torain yesterday.may/might（not）have done 可能（没有）做过某事I can’t find purse anywhere. You may have dropped it whenyou were shopping in the market.should/ought to have done 本来该做而没做You should have come to school if you were really seriousabout your study.should not /ought not tohave done本来不该做却做了We oughtn’t to have given him so much money.needn’t have done 本来不必做却做了You needn’t have finished the homework because you were ill.。

情态动词用于虚拟语气情态动词用于虚拟语气部分情态动词的过去形式（could, might, should, would），可以用于非真实条件句以及其他结构中表示虚拟语气。

1．表示想像或猜测If I could speak French, I would teach you.如果我会说法语，我就能教你。

（我不会，所以不能教你）If you phoned him right now, you might get the matter settled.如果你现在给他打电话，你就可以把问题解决了。

There could be something wrong with the tape recorder. 这台录音机可能出毛病了。

He might have said so. 他可能这样说过。

Could he have done such a foolish thing 他会做这样的傻事吗？2．表示委婉或客气虚拟语气（could, would, might + 动词原形）可使说话者的口气变得委婉客气。

You could answer this email for me. 你可以替我回这个电子邮件。

Could you leave me your telephone number and address你能将电话号码和地址留给我吗？Would you mind opening the window 劳驾把窗子打开，好吗？You might as well put off the discussion till next week.你们不妨把讨论推迟到下个星期。

比较：would like to do愿意，想要would like to have done本来想I would like (to have) a word with you.我想和你谈一谈。

(现在想)I would like to have talked with you.我原本想和你谈一谈的。

It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she (should) refuse to come to the party. (No.37) It was a pity that you (should) be so careless.
三 表示能够 1. Can 表示 习惯能力 2. be able to 经过努力而作成某事 = manage to do sth.
在否定结构中，二者可以互换。 在否定结构中，二者可以互换。
四 表示意愿 1. Will/ would （主语的意愿） 主语的意愿）
I’ll / He ‘ll （would） try my best to ） overcome the difficulty. （Would 语气更 委婉） 委婉） 2 shall （说话人的意愿；第二、三人称陈 说话人的意愿；第二、 述句中） 述句中） 1）表示允诺 “会（得到）。(No.11) 得到） ） 2）表示命令/警告 威胁 “必须” (No.12) ）表示命令 警告 必须”
六. 表示习惯动作
1. would ( Would 后只能接表示动作的动 词。) She would sit for hours without saying a word. 2. be used to (used to 则还可以接表示状态的 动词。 动词。) He used to be a worker.
2. as if /though + Clause No.13 现在： 现在：过去时 过去： 过去：过去完成时
将来 : would/could/might+V.

非谓语动词作状语主动：doing，having done被动：done，having been donebefore,after,since用作介词时，后接doing或being done作宾语非谓语动词作定语主动，将来：to do sth主动，正在发生或一般情况：doing sth已发生，已完成：done被动，将来：to be done被动，正在发生：being donehaving done，having been done不作定语非谓语动词作补足语感官动词（see,hear,smell,watch,listen to,look at,feel）主动，正在进行:doing主动，完成:do被动:donewith主动，（正在）做：doing sth主动，将要做；被动，将要被：to do sth被动，已经被：done被动，正在被：being donebe said据说将要：to do sth/to be done据说正在：to be doing sth据说已经：to have done/to have been done据说一直：to have been doingmakedo sth使，迫使……做……done使……被……havedoing sth让……一直做……；容忍、允许做……do sth让……做……done使……被……；使……遭受……getto do sth使……做……doing sth使……开始做done使……被做……keepdoing sth使……一直做……done使……被……leavedoing sth使、任凭……一直做……done使、任凭……被…….to do sth留下……做……senddoing使……迅速、猛然……（移动等）to do派某人做……setdoing使……进入某种状态finddoing发现……正在……done发现……被……catch sbdoing撞见……正在……非谓语动词作主语to be done表示某次的动作或将来的动作being doing表示一般的行为非谓语动词作宾语advise,allow,permit,forbiddoing sthsb to do sthIt’s no use/good doingIt’s worth doinghave some difficulty/trouble/problems doinghave a/an good/hard/easy time doingprefer doing…to doingprefer to do rather than doforget to do忘记要做某事forget doing/having done忘记做过某事remember to do记住要做某事remember doing/having记得做过某事regret to do对即将要做某事表示遗憾regret （not）doing/（not）having done对以前做过或没做过某事感到后悔try to do努力做try doing试着做mean to do打算做某事mean doing意味着go on to do继续做（另一件）某事go on doing继续做（原先做的）某事stop to do停下来去做某事stop doing停止做某事can’t help (to) do不能帮助做某事can’t help doing情不自禁做某事look forward to do sth向前看去做某事look forward doing渴望做某事。

情态动词的虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的定义表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种真实的假设、料想、或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。

二、情态动词的虚拟语气的具体用法如下表所示：三、虚拟语气的三种特殊情况1. 倒装的虚拟语气若条件句中有were, had, should时可把if省略，而把were, had, should提到主语前，形成倒装的条件例：If I were you, I would take this job. → Were I you, I would take this job.2. 错综虚拟语气有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，在这种虚拟情况下，动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，尤其要注意提示语、时间状语等。

例：If he were you, he wouldn't have missed the concert last night.如果他是你，他就不会错过昨晚的音乐会。

（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，更重要的是事实和假设的混合。

例：If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now.如果当时听从我的劝告，你现在就不会有麻烦了。

（if条件句是对过去的虚拟，故用过去完成时，而主句是对现在的虚拟，故谓语用“would + 动词原形”形式）3. 含蓄虚拟语气有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。

（1）介词或介词短语，如without, but for (要不是), in case of (万一，如果) 等词语可以用在含蓄虚拟条件句中。

例：But for your advice, I wouldn't have made such great progress.（2）用otherwise (否则) 连接的并列句表示虚拟条件。

虚拟语气的情态动词虚拟语气是用来表达一种不真实或者不确定的情况。

在英语中，虚拟语气通常通过使用情态动词来实现。

情态动词包括can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must等等。

这些情态动词可以用于表达虚拟条件、建议、要求、推测、愿望等等。

1. 虚拟语气的用法1.1 虚拟条件句在虚拟条件句中，我们使用“if”引导从句来表达一个与现实相反的条件。

通常情态动词“would”用于主句中。

例句1：If I were you, I would study harder.如果我是你，我会更加努力学习。

例句2：If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们会待在家里。

1.2 虚拟建议虚拟语气也可以用于表示建议或者要求。

在这种情况下，我们使用情态动词“should”或者“would”来表示建议、要求或者命令。

例句3：I suggest that he should go to bed early.我建议他早点上床睡觉。

例句4：He demanded that she leave immediately.他要求她立刻离开。

1.3 虚拟推测虚拟语气还可以用于表示推测、猜测或者怀疑。

在这种情况下，我们通常使用情态动词“may”, “might”或者“could”。

例句5：He may have missed the bus.他可能错过了公共汽车。

例句6：They could be at the cinema.他们可能在电影院里。

1.4 虚拟愿望虚拟语气还可以用于表示愿望、理想以及虚构的情节。

在这种情况下，我们通常使用情态动词“would”。

例句7：I wish I could travel the world.我希望我能够环游世界。

例句8：If I were rich, I would buy a mansion.如果我有钱的话，我会买一座豪宅。

补充：1.根据情态动词表推测的确信程度大小可作如下排序：must>will>would>ought to>should>can>could>may>might2.shall的用法：(1)shall用于一、三人称疑问句中，表示征求对方的同意或向对方请示。

(2)shall用于二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的允诺、保证、命令、威胁、警告、决心或者法律规章上的指示和规定等。

eg: ①Shall I open the window?②You shall get a new bike you want very much if you get the first prize in the coming exam.注：shall,will表示命令时的区别。

⑴shall指法律、规章、制度上的“必须”。

常用于正式文件中。

⑵will指责任、义务上的“必须”。

常用于日常交际中。

eg:①Each competitor shall wear a number.②No one will leave the examination room before ten o'clock.3．should的用法:⑴表意外，指说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外或惊异，意为“竟然，竟会”。

⑵表推测，指确定的或可能有的未来或希望，意为“应该”。

⑶表可能，常用在if条件句中，强调某事的可能性，意为“要是，万一”。

eg:①I am surprised that you should speak like that.②They should be ready by 12:00.③If he should come,please let me know.4.would与used to的区别（1）二者都可表示过去重复的习惯动作。

（2）表示过去的状态，只能用used to,不能用would.（3）used to强调过去与现在的对比，而would只表示过去习惯的动作，常与often、every day等状语连用。

虚拟语气的几种形式及用法详解虚拟语气是一种语法现象，用来表达说话人所述内容与事实相反，或者是一种假设、愿望、建议等未实现的情况。

虚拟语气在语言表达中起到了非常重要的作用，使得我们能够精准地表达自己的观点和意图。

本文将详细介绍虚拟语气的几种形式及其用法。

1. 虚拟语气的情态动词形式在虚拟语气中，情态动词是最重要的一部分。

我们常见的情态动词有"should"和"would"等。

当我们想要表达一种假设的情况时，可以使用这些情态动词。

例如：If I were rich, I would travel around the world.（如果我有钱，我将会周游世界。

）如果我们改用实际情况来表达这个句子，就会变成如下所示：I am not rich, so I cannot travel around the world.（我没有钱，所以不能周游世界。

）2. 表达愿望的虚拟语气虚拟语气在表达愿望时也扮演了重要的角色。

我们可以使用"if only"或者"would rather"来表达自己的愿望。

例如：I wish I were taller.（我希望自己长得更高。

）如果我们改用实际情况来表达这个句子，就会变成如下所示：I am not tall, so I feel a little bit disappointed.（我个子不高，所以有点失望。

）3. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气当我们想要表达与过去事实相反的情况时，也需要使用虚拟语气。

我们可以使用"had"的过去完成时态，并且配合"if"条件从句来表达这种情况。

例如：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我当时学习更用功，我就能通过考试了。

）如果我们改用实际情况来表达这个句子，就会变成如下所示：I didn't study hard enough, so I failed the exam.（我没有学习足够努力，所以考试没通过。