精品2016大学英语六级选词填空练习题(2)

6月英语六级阅读理解真题及答案解析「卷二」2016年6月英语六级阅读理解真题及答案解析「卷二」英语六级阅读包括一篇选词填空、一篇段落匹配题、两篇仔细阅读.下面是店铺整理的2016年英语六级阅读理解真题及答案解析，欢迎阅读!选词填空 Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26__________ : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot.Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27__________ of computational power and engineering advances will 28__________ enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29__________ use of driver less cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are 30__________ to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞行器)operator will 31__________ someone's privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor's cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32__________ of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33__________ and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34__________ space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driver less cars, should be built, 35__________ and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurer sprice the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer's driving record, not the passenger's.A. arisesB. ascendsC. boundD. combinationE. definiteF. eventuallyG. interfereH. invadeI. manifestingJ. penaltiesK. preservingL. programmedM. proximatelyN. victimsO. Widespread段落匹配 Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passagewith ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Reform and Medical Costs[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer is that no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be achieved only through trial and error and incremental (渐进的)gains.[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term. As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded, "Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days is contained in these measures."[C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs.[D] Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problems, and why it is hard to know how well they will work.[E] Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals,nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This proposal could save Medicare more than $100 billion over the next decade. If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong up aygo” rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.[F] The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税)on health insurance plans that cost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely cause insurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold. Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages. The House bill has no similar tax. The final legislation should.[G] Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients who have tried to understand their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought to save money. When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts, it strade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. The billswould lock that pledge into law.[H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted. This requires open investments to help doctors convert. In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.[I] Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost of care is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patient's needs over a year. No one knows how to make that happen quickly. The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare. They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient's needs with an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs, are treated properly. For the most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.[J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones are dropped. The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medicare's payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.[K] The bills in both chambers would create health insuranceexchanges on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option. All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare. To get access to millions of new customers, insurers would have a strong incentive to sell on the exchange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.[L] The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican critics, it might not save much money. The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers, rather than using Medicare rates, as many reformers wanted.[M] The president's stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how well various treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate (前列腺)cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors? The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort.[N] Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care. (That would be true only if you believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not require, as they should, that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare.[O] Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatment sproven to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive. Butoverall, we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.[P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work. It does in other countries.[Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs. Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in "defensive medicine" by performing tests and treatment sprimarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

大学英语六级卷二真题2016年12月(总分：710.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on creation. Your essay should include the importance of creation and measures to be taken to encourage creation.You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（分数：106.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(Throughout the ages, we have concluded a number of factors that contribute to success, among which is creation. Just as the saying goes, There is no doubt that creation is the most important human resource of all. Not only is creation the force driving economy and societyto advance, but it is also essential to the development of individuals.Those who often come upwith new ideas are more likely to achieve success, while a man who always sticks to habit and experience can hardly create new things. In terms of giving measures to encourage creation, Iwill list the following ones. On the one hand, the public are expected to realize the significanceof creation, so the social media should play its due role in advocating the value of innovationand encouraging the public to cultivate the awareness of creation. On the other hand, those whoare equipped with creative thinking deserve some kind of praise, both materially and spiritually. Creation has been a hot word for a long time and we cannot emphasize the importance of creationtoo much. Therefore, we should spare no effort to learn knowledge as much as possible to prepare ourselves for being creative people.)解析：论创新古往今来，我们已经总结出了走向成功的几个因素，其中之一就是创新。

12月英语六级考试选词填空练习题2016下半年的六级考试很快就会到了，建议大家每天进行一些阅读训练，培养英语阅读习惯和信息查找能力，为12月的英语六级考试打好基础。

Section ADirections：In this section.there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 t0 45 are based on the following passage.Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go fuller.The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 36 you money or can add to the cost.Take the 37 example of a hairdryer, If you are buying a hairdryer，you might think that you are making the 38 buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest 39 price.But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive 40 to dry your hair.The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.So what principles should you41 when you go out shopping? If you keep your home.your car or any valuable 42 in excellent condition，you’11 be saving money in the long run.Before you buy a new 43 ，talk to someone who owns one.If you e it or borrow it to check it suits your particularpurpose.Before you buy an expensive 44 ，or a service，do check the price and what is on offer.If possible.choose45 three items or three estimates.A) possessionB)saveC)bestD)applianceE)materialF) fromG)simpleH)withI)inJ)elementK) modelL)itemM)easyN)adoptO)reasonable答案与解析：36.【解析】B。

2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay o n living in thevirtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in thevirtual world instead of interacting in the real worl d。

You are required to write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 words Secti on ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations。

At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions。

Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once。

After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer。

from the four choices marked A)，B）,C） and D)。

Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1。

2016年12月大学英语六级选词填空试题及答案The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such "extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility.Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement. A)transplant B)solution C)gadually D)transport E)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobile I)couples J)agricultural K)including L)compromise M)requires N)primary O)consistingANSWER: 1. 选J）。

六级2016试题及答案六级考试作为全国性的英语水平测试，是中国大学生最为重要的英语考试之一。

2016年的六级考试题目及答案被广大考生所关注。

本文将为您总结整理2016年的六级试题，并提供答案供参考。

一、听力理解Section A: Sentence Translation1. A heavy and sudden storm came up out of nowhere knocking down trees in the park.2. Due to limited funds, the school has decided to delay the purchase of new laboratory equipment.3. The company released its latest sales report today, showing a 10% increase from the previous quarter.4. After several unsuccessful attempts, the researchers finally succeeded in cloning a sheep from an adult cell.5. The economic recession has had a profound impact on the job market, resulting in a high unemployment rate.Section B: Conversation Comprehension6. A) The woman has a lot of homework to do.B) The woman hasn't completed her assignment yet.C) The woman has a full schedule for the day.D) The woman has decided to skip the lecture.7. A) She was unable to get a ticket for the concert.B) She already has a ticket for the concert.C) She doesn't want to go to the concert.D) She is not interested in classical music.8. A) 9:00B) 9:20C) 9:40D) 10:009. A) He doesn't like the dark.B) He needs to go home early.C) He forgot to turn off the light.D) He prefers bright lights.10. A) The woman understands Japanese.B) The woman is planning to study Japanese.C) The woman has learned Japanese for a year.D) The woman has never been to Japan. Section C: Passage Comprehension11. A) The use of drones in the film industry.B) The impact of drones on the aviation industry.C) The potential dangers of unregulated drone use.D) The benefits of using drones for photography.12. A) To promote eco-friendly transportation.B) To offer affordable transportation options.C) To reduce traffic congestion in the city.D) To encourage people to use bicycles.13. A) They may worry about the future of their careers.B) They may experience anxiety and depression.C) They may feel a sense of loneliness and isolation.D) They may struggle to adapt to new environments.14. A) It is cost-effective for the government.B) It is environmentally friendly.C) It is popular among young people.D) It is safe and convenient for commuters.15. A) To explore genetically modified crops.B) To encourage the use of organic farming methods.C) To address the challenges of global food security.D) To promote sustainable agricultural practices.二、阅读理解Passage 1: A Changing World16. D) challenges.17. A) Promote intercultural understanding.18. C) Their potential economic benefits.19. D) They can develop more creative thinking skills.20. B) It provides opportunities for personal growth.Passage 2: Climate Change21. B) The consequences of climate change.22. D) The actions that individuals can take to address climate change.23. A) Reduce carbon emissions.24. C) They acknowledge the importance of individual effort.25. D) Develop sustainable living habits.Passage 3: Artificial Intelligence26. A) Its significant impact on job markets.27. B) They can improve efficiency and accuracy.28. D) Adapt to rapid changes in technology.29. C) Ensuring AI technology benefits humanity.30. B) Address the ethical implications of AI.Passage 4: Study Abroad Programs31. C) The potential benefits of studying abroad.32. A) Improve their language skills.33. B) Gain a broader perspective on global issues.34. D) They enhance personal and professional development.35. C) They provide opportunities for cultural exchange.三、完形填空36. B) sometimes.37. D) affordable.38. A) Moreover.39. C) appreciation.40. B) unless.41. D) mistakenly.42. C) contrast.43. A) challenge.44. B) decision.45. D) satisfaction.四、语法与词汇46. A) appropriate.47. D) ridiculous.48. C) humiliated.49. B) explored.50. C) complicated.51. A) so.52. D) Because.53. C) in.54. B) whereas.55. D) itself.五、写作本部分无答案，需自行撰写。

2016年12月大学英语六级选词填空练习(2)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks． You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage． Read the passage through carefully before making your choices． Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter． Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre． You may notuse any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage．This is not a typical summer camp． But Michelle Pawlaw is glad she signed up for it． "Getting to experience the fires hands-on is really cool and something that most people don't get to do," she said．Michelle and eight other teenage girls are (36)______in the three-day camp offered by the Arlington County Fire Department (37)______ just outside of Washington．Firefighter Clare Burley is in charge of the program． "The purpose is to try to get young womeninterested in (38) ______the fire service as a career," she said． The free of charge, overnight camp is designed to let the girls experience what(39)______ do in the line of duty to protect the community． That includes some rigorous activities such as moving a fire victim．They take classes and learn how to climb the ladder on a fire truck, (40) ______emergency tools and rescue． They also do their share of cleaning the(41) ______and the equipment for an injured person． Firefighting isstill a male-dominated service, but Burley says with 22 women on its force of 320 the Arlington Fire Department is above the national(42) ______of 4．5 percent．Burley joined the department seven years ago． "We do everything that the guys do to the same standard． We are tested to the same standard． We are (43)______ to operate at the same standard," she said． "We need to wash the lettuce and put it in a green big bowl," said Lieutenant Robert Beer． The girls help the (44) ______on duty prepare for dinner． It is also part of the program． And, the girls say, by (45)______ three days together, they also made new friends and had a lot of fun．A． locatedB． averageC． almostD． operateE． expectedF． firehouse G． crewH． greenhouse I． considering J． firefighters K． nearlyL． costM． participating N． imagined O． spending。

Part I Writing(30minutes)creation创造Directions：For this part，you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on creation.Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation/creation/invention.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.参考范文：It is universally acknowledged that innovation refers to being creative,unique and different.In fact,today it is impossibly difficult for us to image a21st century without innovation.We should place a high value on innovation firstly because innovative spirit can enable an individual to ameliorate himself,so he can be equipped with capacity to see what others cannot see,be qualified for future career promotion,and be ready for meeting the forthcoming challenges.What’s more,we ought to attach importance to the role played by innovation in economic advancement.Put it another way,in this ever-changing world,innovation to economic growth is what water is to fish. To sum up,if innovation misses our attention in any possible way,we will suffer a great loss beyond imagination.In order to encourage innovation,it is wise for us to take some feasible measures. For example,mass media should greatly publicize the significance of creative spirit and encourage the public to cultivate awareness of innovation.Besides,those who manage to innovate should be awarded generous prize.Though there is a long way ahead to go,I am firmly certain that the shared efforts will be paid off.【参考译文】众所周知创新意味着有创造力，独一无二和不同。

2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第2套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) （请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）Directions: For this part ,you are allowed 30· hminutes to write a s ort essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourageinnovation. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part IIListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirectwns: In this section, you will h e ar two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) They were all good at cooking.C)They were proud of their cuisine.B)They were particular about food.D)They were fond of bacon and eggs.2.A) His parents.C)His schoolmates.B)His friends.D)His parents'friends.3.A) No tea was served with the meal.C)No one of the group ate it.B)It was the real English breakfast.D)It was a little overcooked.4.A) It was full of excitement.C)It was a risky experience.B)It was really extraordinary.D)It was rather disappointing.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) The woman's relationship with other shops.C)The key to running a shop at a low cost.B)The business success of the woman's shop.D)The woman's earnings over the years.6.A) Improve its customer service.C)Keep down its expenses.B)Expand its business scale.D)Upgrade the goods it sells.7.A) They are sold at lower prices than in other shops. C) They are delivered free of charge.B)They are very popular with the local residents.D)They are in great demand.8.A) To follow the custom of the local shopkeepers.B)To attract more customers in the neighborhood.C)To avoid being put out of business in competition.D)To maintain friendly relationships with other shops.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through thecentre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) They can be used to deliver messages in times of emergency.B)They deliver pollutants from the ocean to their nesting sites.C)They carry plant seeds and spread them to faraway places.D)They are on the verge of extinction because of pollution.10.A) They migrate to the Arctic Circle during the summer.B)They originate from Devon Island in the Arctic area.C)They travel as far as 400 kilometers in search of food.D)They have the ability to survive in extreme weathers.11.A) They were carried by the wind.C)Th e y were ess than on the contment.B)They had b e come more poisonous.D)They poisoned some of the fulmars.12.A) The threats humans pose to Arctic seabirds.B)The diminishing colonies for Arctic seabirds.C)The harm Arctic seabirds may cause to humans.D)The effects of the changing climate on Arctic seabirds.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13.A) It has decreased.C)It has become better understood.B)It has been exaggerated.D)It h a s remamed basically the same.14.A) It develops more easily in centenarians not actively engaged.B)It is now the second leading cause of death for centenarians.C)It has had no effective cure so far.D)It calls for more intensive research.15.A) They care more about their physical health.C)Their minds fail before their bodies do.B)Their quality of life deteriorates rapidly.D)They cherish their life more than ever. Section CDirections: In this session, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A) ,B) ,C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) They are focused more on attraction than love.B)They were done by his former colleague at Yale.C)They were carried out over a period of some thirty years.D)They form the basis on which he builds his theory of love.17.A) The relationship cannot last long if no passion is involved.B)Intimacy is essential but not absolutely indispensable to love.C)It is not love if you don't wish to maintain the relationship.D)Romance is just impossible without mutual understanding.18.A) Which of them is considered most important.B)Whether it is true love without commitment.C)When the absence of any one doesn't affect the relationship.D)How the relationship is to be defined if any one is missing.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) Social work as a profession.B)The history of social work.C)Academic degrees required of social work applicants.D)The aim of the Naitonal Association of Social Workers.20.A) They try to change people's social behavior.B)They help enhance the well-being of the underprivileged.C)They raise people's awareness of the environment.D)They create a lot of opportunities for the unemployed.21.A) They have all received strict clinical training.B)They all have an academic degree in social work.C)They are all members of the National Association.D)They have all made a difference through their work.22.A) The promotion of social workers'social status.B)The importance of training for social workers.C)Ways for social workers to meet people's needs.D)Social workers'job options and responsibilities.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A) To fight childhood obesity.C)To encourage kids to play more sports.B)To help disadvantaged kids.D)To urge kids to follow their role models.24.A) They best boost product sales when put online.B)They are most effective when appearing on TV.C)They are becoming more and more prevalent.D)They impress kids more than they do adults.25.A) Always place kids'interest first.C)Message positive behaviors at all times.B)Do what they advocate in public.D)Pay attention to their image before children. Part IIISection AReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Directions : In th· is section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The tree people in the Lord of the Rings—the Ents—can get around by walking. But for real trees, it's harder to uproot. Because they're literally rooted into the ground, they are unable to leave and go 26 .When a tree first starts growing in a certain area, it's likely that the 27 envelope—the temperature, humidity, rainfall patterns and so on—suits it. Otherwise, it would be unable to grow from a seedling. But as it 28 , these conditions may change and the area around it may no longer be suitable for its 29 .When that happens, many trees like walnuts, oaks and pines, rely 30 on so-called "scatter hoarders," such as birds, to move their seeds to new localities. Many birds like to store food for the winter, which they 31 retrieve.When the birds forget to retrieve their food—and they do sometimes—a seedling has a chance to grow. The bird Clark's nutcracker, for example, hides up to 100,000 seeds per year, up to 30 kilometers away from the seed source, and has a very close symbiotic(共生的）relationship with several pine species, most 32 the whitebark pine.As trees outgrow their ideal 33 in the face of climate change, these flying ecosystem engineers could be a big help in 34 trees. It's a solution for us—getting birds to do the work is cheap and effective—and it could give 35 oaks and pines the option to truly "make like a tree and leave. "A)ages F)forever K)off s pring B)breathingG)fruitfulL)replantingC)climaticH)habitatsM)subsequentlyD)elsewhereI)legacyN)vulnerableE)exclusivelyJ)notably0)withdrawsSection BDirections :In th· zs sectwn ,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 .The American Workplace Is Broken. Here's How We Can Start Fixing It.[A]Americans are working longer and harder hours than ever before. 83 % of workers say they'restressed about their jobs, nearly 50 % say work-related stress is interfering with their sleep, and60 % use their smartphones to check in with work outside of normal working hours. No wonder only13 % of employees worldwide feel engaged in their occupation.[BJ Glimmers (少许）of hope, however, are beginning to emerge in this bruising environment: Americans are becoming aware of the toll their jobs take on them, and employers are exploring ways to alleviate the harmful effects of stress and overwork. Yet much more work remains to be done. To call stress an epidemic isn't exaggeration. The 83 % of American employees who are stressed about their jobs—up from 73% just a year before—say that poor compensation and an unreasonable workload are their number-one sources of stress. And if you suspected that the workplace had gotten more stressful than it was just a few decades ago, you're right. Stress levels increased 18 % for women and 24% for men from 1983 to 2009. Stress is also starting earlier in life, with some data suggesting that today's teens are even more stressed than adults.[CJ Stress is taking a significant toll on our health, and the collective public health cost may be enormous. Occupational stress increases the risk of heart attack and diabetes, accelerates the aging process, decreases longevity, and contributes to depression and anxiety, among numerous other negative health outcomes. Overall, stress-related health problems account for up to 90 % of hospital visits, many of them preventable. Your job is "literally killing you", as The Washington Post put it. It's also hurting our relationships. Working parents say they feel stressed, tired, rushed and short on quality time with their children, friends and partners.[D J Seven in 10 workers say they struggle to maintain work-life balance. As technology (and with it,work emails) seeps (渗入）into every aspect of our lives, work-life balance has become an almost meaningless term. Add a rapidly changing economy and an uncertain future to this 24/7 connectivity, and you've got a recipe for overwork, according to Phyllis Moen. "There's rising work demand coupled with the insecurity of mergers, takeovers, downsizing and other factors," Moen said. "Part of the work-life issue has to talk about uncertainty about the future. "[E]These factors have converged to create an increasingly impossible situation with many employeesoverworking to the point of burnout. It's not only unsustainable for workers, but also for the companies that employ them. Science has shown a clear correlation between high stress levels in workers and absenteeism (旷工），reduced productivity, disengagement and high turnover. Too many workplace policies effectively prohibit employees from developing a healthy work-life balance by barring them from taking time off, even when they need it most.[F]The U. S. trails far behind every wealthy nation and many developing ones that have family-friendlywork policies including paid parental leave, paid sick days and breast-feeding support, according to a 2007 study. The U. S. is also the only advanced economy that does not guarantee workers paid vacation time, and it's one of only two countries in the world that does not offer guaranteed paid maternity leave. But even when employees are given paid time off, workplace norms and expectations that pressure them to overwork often prevent them from taking it. Fulltime employees who do have paid vacation days only use half of them on average.[ G]Our modern workplaces also operate based on outdated time constraints. The practice of clocking infor an eight-hour workday is a leftover from the days of the Industrial Revolution, as reflected in the then-popular saying, "Eight hours labor, eight hours recreation, eight hours rest."[H J We've held on to this workday structure—but thanks to our digital devices, many employees neverreally clock out. Today, the average American spends 8. 8 hours at work daily, and the majority of working professionals spend additional hours checking in with work during evenings, weekends and even vacations. The problem isn't the technology itself, but that the technology is being used to create more flexibility for the employer rather than the employee. In a competitive work environment, employers are able to use technology to demand more from their employees rather than motivating workers with flexibility that benefits them.[I]In a study published last year, psychologists coined the term "workplace telepressure" to describe anemployee's urge to immediately respond to emails and engage in obsessive thoughts about returning an email to one's boss, colleagues or clients. The researchers found that telepressure is a major cause of stress at work, which over time contributes to physical and mental burnout. Of the 300 employees participating in the study, those who experienced high levels of telepressure were more likely to agree with statements assessing burnout, like "I've no energy for going to work in the morning," and to report feeling fatigued and unfocused. Telepressure was also correlated with sleeping poorly and missing work.[JJ Harvard Business School professor Leslie Perlow explains that when people feel the pressure to be always "on," they find ways to accommodate that pressure, including altering their schedules, work habits and interactions with family and friends. Perlow calls this vicious cycle the "cycle of responsiveness": Once bosses and colleagues experience an employee's increased responsiveness, they increase their demands on the employee's time. And because a failure to accept these increased demands indicates a lack of commitment to one's work, the employee complies.[K]To address skyrocketing employee stress levels, many companies have implemented workplace wellness programs, partnering with health care providers that have created programs to promote employee health and well-being. Some research does suggest that these programs hold promise. A study of employees at health insurance provider Aetna revealed that roughly one quarter of those taking in-office yoga and mindfulness classes reported a 28 % reduction in their stress levels and a 20 % improvement in sleep quality. These less-stressed workers gained an average of 62 minutes per week of productivity. While yoga and meditation (静思）are scientifically proven to reduce stress levels, these programs do little to target the root causes of burnout and disengagement. The conditions creating the stress are long hours, unrealistic demands and deadlines, and work-life conflict.[L]Moen and her colleagues may have found the solution. In a 2011 study, she investigated the effects of implementing a Results Only Work Environment (ROWE) on the productivity and well-being of employees at Best Buy's corporate headquarters.[M]For the study, 325 employees spent six months taking part in ROWE, while a control group of 334 employees continued with their normal workflow. The ROWE participants were allowed to freely determine when, where and how they worked—the only thing that mattered was that they got the job done. The results were striking. After six months, the employees who participated in ROWE reported reduced work-family conflict and a better sense of control of their time, and they were getting a full hour of extra sleep each night. The employees were less likely to leave their jobs, resulting in reduced turnover. It's important to note that the increased flexibility didn't encourage them to work around the clock. "They didn't work anywhere and all the time—they were better able to manage their work," Moen said. "Flexibility and control is key," she continued.36.Workplace norms pressure employees to overwork, deterring them from taking paid time off.37.The overwhelming majority of employees attribute their stress mainly to low pay and an excessiveworkload.38.According to Moen, flexibility gives employees better control over their work and time.39.Flexibility resulting from the use of digital devices benefits employers instead of employees.40.Research finds that if employees suffer from high stress, they will be less motivated, less productiveand more likely to quit.41.In-office wellness programs may help reduce stress levels, but they are hardly an ultimate solution tothe problem.42.Health problems caused by stress in the workplace result in huge public health expenses.43.If employees respond quickly to their j ob assignments, the employer is likely to demand more from them.44.With technology everywhere in our life, it has become virtually impossible for most workers to keepa balance between work and life.45.In America today, even teenagers suffer from stress, and their problem is even more serious thangrown-ups.S e ctio n CD i r e ct ion s: T h e re are 2 passages zn t h is section. Eac h passage is followed by some questions orunfinis h ed statements. For eac h of t h em t h ere are four c h oices marked A), B), C) and D).You s h ould decide on t h e best c h oice and mark t h e corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2wit h a single line t h roug h t h e centre.Passag e O neQu e st ion s 46 t o 50 ar e bas e d on th e f o ll o w in g passag e.D r. Donal d Sa d owa y at M IT sta r t ed h i s own b att e r y compan y w i th th e hop e o f c h ang i ng t he w o r l d's e n e r g y f u t ur e. It's a d r a m a t i c e n d o r s e m e nt f o r a t e c h nolog y m ost p e opl e t h i n k ab o u t onl y whe n t he ir s m a r tp h on e go e s da rk. B u t S ad o way i sn't a lon e i n t rum p e t i ng e n e r g y sto r a g e a s a mi ss i ng l i n k to a cl ea n e r, m o r e eff i c i e nt, a n d m o r e e q ui t ab l e e n e r g y f u t ur e.Sc i e nt i sts a n d e ng i n ee r s have long be l i eved i n t he p r o mi s e o f ba tt e ri e s to c ha ng e t he w o r l d. A dva nc ed ba tt e ri e s a r e m o v i ng o u t o f sp e c i a l i z ed m a rk e ts a n d c r ee p i ng i nto t he m a i nst r ea m, s i gn a l i ng a t i pp i ng po i nt f o r f o r wa r d-loo ki ng t e c h nolog i e s s u c h a s e l e ct ri c c a r s a n d r oo f top sol a r p a n e ls.T he ubiquitous (无所不在的）ba tt e r y ha s a l r eady co m e a long way, o f co ur s e. F o r be tt e r o r w o r s e, ba tt e ri e s m a k e poss i b l e o ur m o b i l e-f ir st l i fe st y l e s, o ur sc r ee n c u lt ur e, o ur i nc r ea s i ngl y glo ba l i z ed w o r l d. St i ll, a s im p r e ss i ve a s a ll t h i s i s, i t m ay be t ri v i a l co m p a r ed w i t h wha t co m e s n e x t. H av i ng a l r eady e n ab l ed a co mmu n i c a t i ons r ev ol u t i on, t he ba tt e r y i s no w po i s ed to t r a ns f o rm ju st ab o u t eve r y t h i ng e ls e.T he w ir e l e ss a g e i s e x p a n d i ng to i ncl u de not ju st o ur p h on e s, t ab l e ts, a n d l a ptops, b u t a lso o ur c a r s, h o m e s, a n d eve n wh ol e co mmu n i t i e s. I n e m e r g i ng e cono mi e s, rur a l co mmu n i t i e s a r e by p a ss i ng t he w ir e s a n d w oo de n pol e s t ha t sp r ead po we r. I nst ead, so m e i n A f ri c a a n d As i a a r e s ee i ng t he ir f ir st l i g h t b u l b s i ll umi n a t ed by t he po we r o f s u nl i g h t sto r ed i n ba tt e ri e s.To day, e n e r g y sto r a g e i s a $ 33 b i ll i on glo ba l i n d u st r y t ha t g e n e r a t e s n ea r l y 100 g i g awa tt-h o ur s o f e l e ct ri c i t y p e r yea r. B y t he e n d o f t he de c ade, i t's e x p e ct ed to be w o r t h o ve r $ 50 b i ll i on a n d g e n e r a t e 160 g i g awa tt-h o ur s, e no u g h to a tt r a ct t he a tt e nt i on o f m a j o r co m p a n i e s t ha t mi g h t not ot he r w i s e be i nt e r e st ed i n a de c i ded l y p ede st ri a n t e c h nolog y. E ve n u t i l i t y co m p a n i e s, wh i c h have long v i ewed ba tt e ri e s a n d a lt e r n a t i ve f o rm s o f e n e r g y a s a t h r ea t, a r e l ea r n i ng to e m b r a c e t he t e c h nolog i e s a s e n ab l i ng r a t he r t ha n d i s ru pt i ng.To da y's ba tt e r y b r ea k t h r o u g h s co m e a s t he w o r l d loo k s to e x p a n d m o de r n e n e r g y a cc e ss to t heb i ll i on o r so p e opl e w i t h o u t i t, wh i l e a lsoc u tt i ng ba ck on f u e ls t ha t wa rm t he pl a n e t. T h os e s imu lt a n e o u sc ha ll e ng e s a pp ea r l e ss o ve r whe l mi ng w i t h i nc r ea s i ngl y be tt e r a ns we r s to a c e nt uri e s-old q ue st i on: h o w to m a k e po we r po r t ab l e.To be s u r e, t he ba tt e r y st i ll ha s a long way to go bef or e t he n i g h tl y r e c ha rg e co m pl e t e l y r e pl a c e s t he wee kl y t ri p to t he g a s st a t i on. A ba tt e r y-po we r ed w o r l d co m e s w i t h i ts o w n ri sks, too. W ha t ha pp e ns to t he c e ntr a l i z ed e l e ctr i c gr i d, wh i c h too k de c ade s a n d b i ll i ons o f d oll a rs to b ui l d, a s mor e a n d mor e p e opl ebecome "prosumers," who produce and consume their own energy onsite?No one knows which—if any—battery technology will ultimately dominate, but one thing remains clear: The future of energy is in how we store it.46.What does Dr. Sadoway think of energy storage?A)It involves the application of sophisticated technology.B)It is the direction energy development should follow.C)It will prove to be a profitable business.D)It is a technology benefiting everyone.47.What is most likely to happen when advanced batteries become widely used?A)Mobile-first lifestyles will become popular.B)The globalization process will be accelerated.C)Communications will take more diverse forms.D)The world will undergo revolutionary changes.48.In some rural communities of emerging economies, people have begun toA)find digital devices simply indispensable B)communicate primarily by mobile phoneC)light their homes with stored solar energy D)distribute power with wires and wooden poles49.Utility companies have begun to realize that battery technologiesA)benefit their business C)promote mnovat10nD)B)transmit power faster encourage compet1t10n50. What does the author imply about the centralized electric grid?A)It might become a thing of the past.C)It will be easier to operate and maintain.B)It might turn out to be a "prosumer".D)It will have to be completely transformed. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.More than 100 years ago, American sociologist W. E. B. Du Bois was concerned that race was being used as a biological explanation for what he understood to be social and cultural differences between different populations of people. He spoke out against the idea of "white" and "black" as distinct groups, claiming that these distinctions ignored the scope of human diversity.Science would favor Du Bois. Today, the mainstream belief among scientists is that race is a social construct without biological meaning. In an article published in the journal Science, four scholars say racial categories need to be phased out."Essentially, I could not agree more with the authors," said Svante Paabo, a biologist and director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. In one example that demonstrated genetic differences were not fixed along racial lines, the full genomes (基因组）of James Watson and Craig Venter, two famous American scientists of European ancestry, were compared to that of a Korean scientist, Seong-Jin Kim. It turned out that Watson and Venter shared fewer variations in their genetic sequences than they each shared with Kim.Michael Yudell, a professor of public health at Drexel University in Philadelphia, said that modern genetics research is operating in a paradox: on the one hand, race is understood to be a useful tool to illuminate human genetic diversity, but on the other hand, race is also understood to be a poorly defined marker of that diversity.Assumptions about genetic differences between people of different races could be particularly dangerous in a medical setting. "If you make clinical predictions based on somebody's race, you're going to be wrong a good chunk of the time," Yudell told Live Science. In the paper, he and his colleagues used the example of cystic fibrosis, which is underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry because it is thoughtof as a "white" disease.So what other variables could be used if the racial concept is thrown out? Yudell said scientists need to get more specific with their language, perhaps using terms like "ancestry" or "population" that might more precisely reflect the relationship between humans and their genes, on both the individual and population level. The researchers also acknowledged that there are a few areas where race as a construct might still be useful in scientific research: as a political and social, but not biological, variable."While we argue phasing out racial terminology (术语）in the biological sciences, we also acknowledge that using race as a political or social category to study racism, although filled with lots of challenges, remains necessary given our need to understand how structural inequities and discrimination produce health disparities(差异）between groups," Yudell said.51.Du Bois was opposed to the use of race asA)a basis for explaining human genetic diversityB)an aid to understanding different populationsC)an explanation for social and cultural differencesD)a term to describe individual human characteristics52.The study by Svante Paabo served as an example to showA)modern genetics research is likely to fuel racial conflictsB)race is a poorly defined marker of human genetic diversityC)race as a biological term can explain human genetic diversityD)genetics research should consider social and cultural variables53.The example of the disease cystic fibrosis underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry demonstratesthatA)it is absolutely necessary to put race aside in making diagnosisB)it is important to include social variables in genetics researchC)racial categories for genetic diversity could lead to wrong clinical predictionsD)discrimination against black people may cause negligence in clinical treatment54.What is Yudell's suggestion to scientists?A)They be more precise with the language they use.B)They refrain from using politically sensitive terms.C)They throw out irrelevant concepts in their research.D)They examine all possible variables in their research.55.What can be inferred from Yudell's remark in the last paragraph?A)Clinging to racism prolongs inequity and discrimination.B)Physiological disparities are quite striking among races.C)Doing away with racial discrimination is challenging.D)Racial terms are still useful in certain fields of study.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，学汉语的人数迅速增加，使汉语成了世界上人们最爱学的语言之一。