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GE HealthcareLife SciencesData file 29-0981-07 AA Imaging systems, software, and accessories Amersham™ Imager 600Amersham Imager 600 series is a new range of sensitiveand robust imagers for the capture and analysis of highresolution digital images of protein and DNA samples in gelsand membranes. These multipurpose imagers bring highperformance imaging to chemiluminescence, fluorescence,and colorimetric applications. The design of AmershamImager 600 combines our Western Blotting applicationexpertise with optimized CCD technology and exceptionaloptics from Fujifilm™. The system has an integrated analysissoftware and intuitive workflow, which you can operatefrom an iPad™ or alternative touch screen device, togenerate and analyze data quickly and easily.Amersham Imager 600 delivers:• Intuitive operation: You can operate the instrument froma tablet computer with an intuitive design and easy-to-useimage analysis software. You do not need prior imagerexperience or training to obtain high-quality results.Use the automatic capture mode for convenient exposure• Excellent performance:The system uses a super-honeycomb CCD and a large aperture f/0.85 FUJINON™ lens, which consistently delivers high-resolution images, high sensitivity, broad dynamic range (DR), and minimal cross-talk• Robustness:Combining minimal maintenance with our proven expertise in Western blotting and electrophoresis makes the imager well suited for multiuser laboratories. Amersham Imager 600 is an upgradable series of imagers that can grow with your imaging needs DescriptionAmersham Imager 600 series is equipped with a dark sample cabinet, a camera system, filter wheel, light sources, anda built-in computer with control and analysis software. Network connection and USB ports are standard (Fig 2). Fig 1. Amersham Imager 600 series is a range of robust and easy-to-use systems for chemiluminescent, colorimetric, and fluorescent image capture. Settings such as focus, filter, illuminator, and exposure type are automatically controlled by the integrated software. You would obtain high resolution images and precise quantitation of low signals with the multipurpose 16-bit3.2 megapixel camera fitted with a large aperture lens. The detector is cooled to reduce noise levels for high sensitivity and wide dynamic range. Rapid cooling leads to a short startup time, which makes the instrument ready to use in less than 5 min.You can place the sample tray at one of two different heights in the sample compartment to produce image-acquisitionareas of 220 × 160 mm and 110 × 80 mm, respectively.2 29-0981-07 AAThe system can be used for a wide range of applications and it is fully upgradable between four different configurations (Table 1). Each configuration can be used for chemiluminescent detection and nonquantitative gel documentation. The different configurations are equipped with light sources and filters for UV and white light trans-illumination, and red, green and blueTable 1. Amersham Imager 600 series comprises four different configurations. Amersham Imager 600 QC is designed for QC applicationsAmersham Imager 600Amersham Imager 600UVAmersham Imager 600RGB Amersham Imager 600QCWhite light (epi)××××Chemiluminescence ××××UV Fluorescence o ×××RGB Fluorescence o o ×o White light (trans) calibrated OD measurements oo××× StandardO OptionalFig 2. Amersham Imager 600 is ready to capture images within 5 min after startup. The imager is equipped with USB ports and a network connection.Network connectionUSB portsUSB ports TouchscreenPower switch Sample tray Cabinet doorepi-illumination for multiple fluorescence detection. Optical density (OD) measurements are calibrated for quantitation of colorimetric staining applications.You can operate the system via an integrated computer, controlled from a wireless iPad, a USB-connected touch screen, or a traditional monitor with a mouse and keyboard.Imaging performanceA bright, wide aperture FUJINON f/0.85 lens developed for chemiluminescent imaging projects sharp images onto a specially patterned CCD (Fig 3).Fig 3. The special octagonal interwoven pixel layout offers a dense matrix fora more efficient capture of light compared to a standard, square-pixel layout.Intuitive operation and analysisAmersham Imager 600 can be controlled from either an iPad or an alternative touch screen device. The user interface is intuitive and the workflow is easy to follow. The system is fully automated, which means that after startup, you do not need to perform focusing, insertion of light sources, changing of filters, calibrations, or other adjustments.When the system is in automatic image capture mode, it performs a short pre-exposure of the whole sample to determine the optimum exposure time for the strongest signal without saturating the image so that an accurate quantitation of the sample can be attained. In semi-automatic image capture mode, an automated exposureis made based on an area of interest defined by you. Exposure times are also easy to set manually.After image acquisition, the seamless workflow allows youto detect and quantitate bands, determine molecular weight, and perform normalization. The results are presented in both tabular and graphical formats so that you can easily and quickly analyze your data. For additional flexibility during data analysis, we offer ImageQuant™ TL software.You can use the system to obtain images of colorimetric markers and stains, such as Coomassie™ Blue or silver. Moreover, white light imaging can be combined with chemiluminescence and fluorescence imaging to generate overlay images of marker and sample. This feature allows quick molecular weight estimation and simplified documentation.The images can be stored in the system, on a USB memory stick or external hard drive, or in a network folder. Examples of imaging applicationsThe following examples of applications illustrate the performance and flexibility of Amersham Imager 600. Chemiluminescent Western blotting detection Quantitative Western blotting requires a signal response that is proportional to the amount of protein. A broad dynamic range with linear response allows you to simultaneously quantitate both high and low levels of proteins. The combination of Amersham Imager 600 with either Amersham ECL™ Prime or Amersham ECL Select™ resultsin a limit of detection in the picogram range and a dynamic range covering three orders of magnitude.Amersham Imager 600 has high sensitivity, which allowsyou to detect very weak signals in chemiluminescence andfluorescence applications for both protein and nucleic acids.Moreover, the wide dynamic range of the imagers—over fourorders of magnitude—allows weak and strong signals tobe quantitated accurately at the same time. The camera iscooled to -25°C to reduce dark noise giving less backgroundnoise during longer exposure times, which is especiallyimportant for the precise quantitation of very weak signalsin chemiluminescent Western blotting. The images areautomatically corrected for both geometric and intensitydistortion (radial, dark frame, and flat frame) in each imagingmode. This provides images that need minimal post-processingfor publication.RobustnessAmersham Imager 600 is a highly robust series of instruments,making it suitable for multi-user environments. The imagersdo not require calibration. Short exposure times and a fastanalysis workflow means that several researchers can use thesystem in the course of a day. The camera system is designedfor simple operation.29-0981-07 AA 34 29-0981-07 AAFig 6. The chemiluminescence mode allows simultaneous imaging of chemiluminescent samples and colored molecular weight markers. This image was taken from experiments for optimizing the expression of the protein DHFR in E. coli grown under different conditions.Fig 7. Evaluation of linearity, dynamic range, and limit of detection forfluorescence detection with Amersham Imager 600. A two-fold dilution series of phosphorylase b prelabeled with Cy5 shows a dynamic range of 3.3 orders of magnitude.Fluorescent imagingAmersham Imager 600 combined with Amersham ECL Plex™ provides high-quality data in applications that demand high sensitivity over a wide dynamic range. Furthermore, theminimal crosstalk of Amersham Imager 600, and the spectrally resolved dyes Cy™2, Cy3, and Cy5, makes it a suitable system for a wide range of multiplexing applications, such as the detection of several proteins at the same time or different proteins of similar size.Sample:E. coli lysateMembrane: Amersham Hybond ECL Blocking: 3% BSA in PBS-TMarker:Full range ECL Plex Fluorescent Rainbow Marker Primary antibody: Rabbit anti DHFR C-terminal 1:1000Secondary antibody: ECL Anti-rabbit IgG horseradish peroxidase 1:100 000Detection: Amersham ECL Select Imaging:Amersham Imager 600Imaging method: Chemiluminescence with colorimetric markerSample: Two-fold dilution series of LMW marker with Phophorylase bstarting at 200 ng Prelabeling: Cy5Imaging:Amersham Imager 600Imaging method: Fluorescence Cy5Limit of detection: 98 pg phosphorylase b Dynamic range:3.3 orders of magnitude123456789DHFR8.07.06.05.04.03.0Log protein amount (pg)L o g i n t e g r a t e d i n t e n s i t yPhophorylase b200 ng98 pgFig 5. Evaluation of limit of detection with Amersham Imager 600 forchemiluminescence using a two-fold dilution series of transferrin from 625 pg.8.07.06.05.04.03.0Log protein amount (pg)L o g i nt e g r a t e d in t en s i t yTransferrin625 pg2.5 pgSample : Two-fold dilution series of transferrin from 625 pg to 2.5 pg Membrane : Amersham Hybond P Blocking :3% BSA in PBS-TPrimary antibody : Rabbit anti-transferrin 1:1000Secondary antibody : ECL Anti-rabbit IgG horseradish peroxidase 1:75 000 Detection : Amersham ECL Select Imaging :Amersham Imager 600Imaging method :Chemiluminescence Limit of detection (LOD): 2.5 pg transferrinFig 4. A two-fold dilution series of NIH/3T3 cell lysate starting at 5 µg total protein was subjected to chemiluminescent Western blotting and ERK was detected with Amersham ECL Select. Dynamic range and linearity weredetermined. ERK could be detected in a cell lysate with 9.8 ng of total protein. Amersham Imager 600 showed a linear response for chemiluminescent detection with low noise, high sensitivity, and a wide dynamic range.8.07.57.06.56.05.55.04.54.0Log cell lysate amount (ng)L o g i n te g r a t e d i n t en si t yNIH/3T3 cell lysate5 µg9.8 ngSample: NIH/3T3 cell lysate two-fold dilution series starting at 5 µg Membrane : Amersham Hybond™ P Blocking : Amersham ECL Prime blocking agent 2% in PBS-T Primary antibody : Rabbit anti-ERK1/2 1:10 000Secondary antibody : ECL Anti-rabbit IgG horseradish peroxidase 1:100 000Detection : Amersham ECL Select Imaging : Amersham Imager 600Imaging method : Chemiluminescence Dynamic range: 2.7 orders of magnitude Amersham Imager 600 offers chemiluminescence imaging with an automatic overlay function. This allows simultaneous imaging of a chemiluminescent sample and a colored molecular weight marker. The overlay image retains the marker color.29-0981-07 AA 5Fig 8. Multiplex detection of total protein and target protein with Amersham ECL Plex and Amersham Imager 600. Detection of DHFR (Cy3 green) in nine different samples from a growth optimization of E. coli. Total protein in the samples was prelabeled with Cy5 (red). The overlay image shows the DHFR band in yellow. Crosstalk between Cy5 and Cy3 was minimal for Amersham Imager 600, which makes it suitable for multiplex applications.Fig 9. (A) Proteins stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue and detected with Amersham Imager 600. The illustration shows nine different samples of E. coli lysates, from a growth optimization experiment for the expression of DHFR. Purified DHFR was used as a reference (sample 10). (B) Two-fold dilution series of the LMW-SDS Marker stained with SYPRO Ruby and detected with Amersham Imager 600.Sensitive imaging of total protein stainsProteins may be visualized by treating a gel with a total protein stain after performing 1D or 2D electrophoresis. The most commonly used stains are Coomassie Blue or silver staining. Fluorescent staining methods such as SYPRO™ Ruby protein gel stain have the advantage of being more sensitive.Sample: E. coli lysates Blocking:3% BSA in PBS-TPrimary antibody: Rabbit anti DHFR C-terminal 1:1000Secondary antibody: ECL Plex Goat anti rabbit-Cy3 IgG 1:2500Imaging:Amersham Imager 600Imaging method: Fluorescence Cy3, Cy5Sample: E. coli lysatesMarker:Full range ECL Plex Fluorescent Rainbow Marker Post staining: Coomassie Brilliant Blue Imaging:Amersham Imager 600Imaging method:Colorimetiric, white light epi-illuminationSample: Two fold dilution seires of LMW markerstarting at 1000 ng Post staining: Sypro RubyImaging:Amersham Imager 600Imaging method: Fluorescence Blue Epi excitation Limit of detection: 2 ng of carbonic anhydrase123456789Prelabeling Cy5Total proteinWB: DHFR Cy3Overlay12345678910Carbonic anhydraseLMW 1000 ng2 ng(A)(B)6 29-0981-07 AAFig 11. Image of a two-fold dilution series of LMW-SDS Marker in a gel stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. The image was recorded on Amersham Imager 600 in trans-illumination mode, which allows you to measure the optical density of protein bands without calibration.Sample:Two fold dilution series of LMW marker Post staining: Coomassie Brilliant Blue Imaging:Amersham Imager 600Imaging method: Colorimetric white transillumination Limit of detection: 16 ng of carbonic anhydrase Dynamic range:1.8 orders of magnitudeLog amount of carbonic anhydrase (ng)L o g i n t e g r a t e d i n t e n s i t yLMW markers1000 ngDNA imagingElectrophoretic separation of DNA is a common technique that is typically used for the analysis of vector cleavages, DNA purification, and verification of successful PCR. Traditionally, ethidium bromide (EtBr) has been used for visualizing DNA, but today there are many alternative DNA stains available, such as SYBR™ Green.Fig 10.Three-fold dilution series of KiloBase DNA Marker in agarose gel stained with SYBR Green and detected with Amersham Imager 600.Sample:Three-fold dilution series of KiloBase DNA Marker Post staining: Sybr Green I nucleic acid gel stain Imaging:Amersham Imager 600Imaging method: Fluorescence Cy2Limit of detection: 0.3 ng of total DNA Dynamic range:2.9 orders of magnitude8.07.57.06.56.05.55.04.54.0Log amount of total DNA (pg)L o g i n t e g r a t e d i n t e n s i t yKiloBase DNA Marker 250 ngQuantitative OD measurementAmersham Imager 600 QC is a dedicated configuration for densitometry applications in a QC environment. The system contributes to a reliable control of products because it is equipped with highly sensitive optics that can detect trace amounts of impurities accurately. Amersham Imager 600 QC is available with IQ/OQ and validation support.Amersham Imager 600 is autocalibrated for accurate and reliable measurements of optical density of proteins stained with colorimetric stains such as Coomassie or silver.Installation and Operational Qualification (IQ/OQ) validation servicesGE Healthcare offers validation services to support your equipment throughout its entire life cycle. Our validation tests and protocols are developed and approved byvalidation experts and performed by trained and certified service engineers. Our approach is in alignment with GAMP5, ICH Q8-10 and ASTM E2500, whereby validation activities and documentation focus on what is critical for end-product quality, and are scaled according to risk, complexity, and novelty. Our validation offering includes Installation and Operational Qualification (IQ/OQ), Requalification, and Change Control Protocols (CCP).29-0981-07 AA 7Ordering informationProductCode number Amersham Imager 60029-0834-61Amersham Imager 600UV 29-0834-63Amersham Imager 600QC 29-0834-64Amersham Imager 600RGB29-0834-67Accessories included (depending on configuration)Black tray AI60029-0834-17UV trans tray AI60029-0834-19White trans Tray AI60029-0834-18White Insert AI60029-0880-60Diffuser Board AI60029-0834-20Additional Accessories Gel sheets (for UV trans tray)29-0834-57Apple iPad 2 Wi-Fi –16GB –Black 29-0938-27Touch Screen Monitor with Stand 29-0939-66RangeBooster N USB Adapter 29-0928-76Additional SoftwareImageQuant TL 8.1, node locked license*29-0007-37ImageQuant TL 8.1, 5 x 1 node locked license*29-0008-10* External computer needed. Cannot be installed on Amersham Imager 600.Upgrade options Part/DescriptionRelevant for configurationCode number AI600 Upgrade 600 to 600 UV 60029-0834-22AI600 Upgrade 600 UV to 600 QC 600 UV 29-0834-24 AI600 Upgrade 600 QC to 600 RGB 600 QC 29-0834-25 AI600 Upgrade 600 UV to 600 RGB 600 UV29-0834-26IQ/OQ Validation service Amersham Imager 600 IQ/OQ29-0983-45Technical featuresTable 2. Amersham Imager 600 RGB specificationsCCD model:Peltier cooled Fujifilm Super CCD Pixel area 15.6 × 23.4 mmLens model:FUJINON Lens f/0.85 43 mm Cooling:Two-stage thermoelectric module with air circulation CCD Operating temperature -25°C Cooling down time:< 5 minDynamic range:16-bit, 4.8 orders of magnitude CCD resolution:2048 × 1472, 3.2 MpixelImage resolution:Maximum 2816 × 2048, 5.8 Mpixel Operation:Fully automated (auto exposure, no focus or other adjustment or calibration needed)Capture modes:Automatic, semi-automatic, manual (normal/incremental)Exposure time:1/10 s to 1 hourPixel correction:Dark frame correction, flatframe correction, and distortion correctionImage output:Gray scale 16 bit tif, Color image jpg, Gray scale jpg Sample size:160 × 220 mm Light sources:Blue Epi light: 460 nm Green Epi light: 520 nm Red Epi light: 630 nmUV transillumination light: 312 nm White light: 470 to 635 nmEmission filters:Cy2: 525BP20Cy3/EtBr: 605BP40Cy5: 705BP40Interface:USB 2.0 and Ethernet port Dimensions (W × H × D): 360 × 785 × 485 mmWeight: 43.6 kg (Amersham Imager 600 RGB)Input voltage:100 to 240 V Voltage variation:±10%Frequency:50/60 Hz Max power:250 W Operating temperature:18°C to 28°CHumidity:20% to 70% (no dew condensation)imagination at work GE, imagination at work, and GE monogram are trademarks of General Electric Company.Amersham, Cy, Hybond, ImageQuant, ECL, and ECL Select are trademarks of GE Healthcare companies.Coomassie is a trademark of Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd. Fujifilm and Fujinon are trademarks of Fujifilm Corporation. iPad is a trademark of Apple Inc. SYBR is a trademark of Life Technologies Corporation. SYPRO isa trademark of Life Technologies Corp.CyDye: This product is manufactured under an exclusive license from Carnegie Mellon University and is covered by US patent numbers 5,569,587 and 5,627,027.The purchase of CyDye products includes a limited license to use the CyDye products for internal research and development but not for any commercial purposes. A license to use the CyDye products for commercial purposes is subject to a separate license agreement with GE Healthcare. Commercial use shall include:1. Sale, lease, license or other transfer of the material or any material derived or produced from it.2. Sale, lease, license or other grant of rights to use this material or any material derived or produced from it.3. Use of this material to perform services for a fee for third parties, including contract research and drug screening. If you require a commercial license to use this material and do not have one, return this material unopened toGE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Bjorkgatan 30, SE-751 84 Uppsala, Sweden and any money paid for the material will be refunded.GE Healthcare UK LimitedAmersham PlaceLittle ChalfontBuckinghamshire, HP7 9NAUKGE Healthcare Europe, GmbHMunzinger Strasse 5D-79111 FreiburgGermanyGE Healthcare Bio-Sciences Corp.800 Centennial Avenue, P.O. Box 1327Piscataway, NJ 08855-1327USAGE Healthcare Japan CorporationSanken Bldg., 3-25-1, HyakuninchoShinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073Japan29-0981-07 AA 02/2014For local office contact information, visit /contact /imagingGE Healthcare UK LimitedAmersham PlaceLittle ChalfontBuckinghamshire HP7 9NAUnited Kingdom。

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AlphaImager 中文手册

AlphaImager 中文手册

AlphaImager 中文手册版本V1.0AlphaImager HP中文操作手册UV Gels:单击“ACQUIRE”按钮，进入拍摄界面打开反射白光灯，镜头光圈开到最大把胶放到紫外透射平台上，调整位置到预览框中心位置调镜头ZOOM让图像尽量充满预览框，聚焦，关闭暗箱门选用2号滤光片（或者指定滤光片）关闭反射白光灯，打开透射紫外灯单击绿色“EXPOSE PREVIEW”按钮，调整曝光时间或选择“AUTO EXPOSE”自动曝光（当显示绿色线时表示计算机找到最佳曝光时间）单击红色“ACQUIRE IMAGE”按钮拍摄Protein Gel & Autorads & Colony Plates：单击“ACQUIRE”按钮，进入拍摄界面把胶/胶片/板子放到透射白光平台上，调整位置到预览框中心位置调镜头ZOOM让图像尽量充满预览框，聚焦，关闭暗箱门选用2号滤光片打开透射白光灯单击绿色“EXPOSE PREVIEW”按钮，调整曝光时间或选择“AUTO EXPOSE”自动曝光（当显示绿色线时表示计算机找到最佳曝光时间）。

如果还是太亮则减小光圈单击红色“ACQUIRE IMAGE”按钮拍摄Solid Obiects(Paper,stained blots,plants,animals) 单击“ACQUIRE”按钮，进入拍摄界面打开反射白光灯，镜头光圈开到最大把胶/胶片/板子放到透射白光平台上，调整位置到预览框中心位置，调镜头ZOOM 让图像尽量充满预览框，聚焦，关闭暗箱门选用2号滤光片（或者指定滤光片）单击绿色“EXPOSE PREVIEW”按钮，调整曝光时间或选择“AUTO EXPOSE”自动曝光（当显示绿色线时表示计算机找到最佳曝光时间）。

如果还是太暗则增加曝光时间单击红色“ACQUIRE IMAGE”按钮拍摄TLC Plates：单击“ACQUIRE”按钮，进入拍摄界面把膜放在紫外透射平台，调整位置到预览框中心位置，调镜头ZOOM 让图像尽量充满预览框，聚焦，关闭暗箱门选择指定的荧光滤光片打开反射紫外灯单击绿色“EXPOSE PREVIEW”按钮，调整曝光时间或选择“AUTO EXPOSE”自动曝光（当显示绿色线时表示计算机找到最佳曝光时间）单击红色“ACQUIRE IMAGE”按钮拍摄Alpha凝胶成像系统维护使用注意事项1.正确的成像系统开机顺序打开电脑主机及显示器开关打开暗箱开关打开相机开关打开软件2.正确的暗箱关门方法将暗箱门掩至60度左右位置，放手，依靠重力，门自行关闭，检查是否完全关闭。

奥美晨曦系列微波传感器说明书

奥美晨曦系列微波传感器说明书

OS100 SERIES Mini-Infrared Transmitter e-mail:**************For latest product manuals: Shop online at User’s G ui d e***********************Servicing North America:U.S.A. Omega Engineering, Inc.Headquarters: Toll-Free: 1-800-826-6342 (USA & Canada only)Customer Service: 1-800-622-2378 (USA & Canada only)Engineering Service: 1-800-872-9436 (USA & Canada only)Tel: (203) 359-1660 Fax: (203) 359-7700e-mail:**************For Other Locations Visit /worldwideThe information contained in this document is believed to be correct, but OMEGA accepts no liability for any errors it contains, and reserves the right to alter specifications without notice.Table of ContentsSection ...................................................................PageSafety Warnings and IEC Symbols (iii)Caution and Safety Information (iii)Section 1 Introduction ....................................................................1-1Section 2Installation ......................................................................1-12.1 Unpacking and Inspection ......................................1-12.2 Electrical Connection ..............................................2-1Section 3Operation ........................................................................3-13.1 Main Board ................................................................3-13.2 Ambient Temperature ..............................................3-23.3 Atmospheric Quality ................................................3-33.4 Measuring Temperature ..........................................3-33.5 Alarm Setting ............................................................3-43.6 Adding Extension Cable...........................................3-4Section 4 Laser Sight Accessory ...................................................4-14.1 Warning and Cautions .............................................4-14.2 Operating the Laser Sight Accessory .....................4-1Section 5 Specifications .................................................................5-15.1 General .......................................................................5-15.2 Laser Sight Accessory (OS100-LS) ..........................5-2Section 6Emissivity Table .............................................................6-1iTable of FiguresFigure Description Page2-1Power Supply & Analog Output Connections ..........2-12-2 Alarm Output Connection ............................................2-13-1 Main PC Board ...............................................................3-23-2 Sensor..............................................................3-2Housing3-3 Optical Field of View .....................................................3-43-4Setting the Temperature Engineering Unit..................3-43-5Mounting Bracket OS100-MB .......................................3-53-6Water Cooling Jacket, OS100-WC ................................3-53-7Typical Water Cool Jacket Assembly ...........................3-53-8Air Purge Collar, OS100-AP..........................................3-63-9DIN Rail Mounting Adapter, OS100-DR ....................3-63-10NEMA-4 Aluminum Enclosure ....................................3-64-1Laser Sighting Accessory, OS100-LS ............................4-24-2Laser Warning Label ......................................................4-2iiSafety Warnings and IEC SymbolsThis device is marked with international safety and hazard symbols in accordance with IEC 1010. It is important to read and follow all precautions and instructions in this manual before operating or commissioning this device as it contains important information relating to safety and EMC. Failure to follow all safety precautions may result in injury and or damage to your calibrator. IEC symbols DescriptionCaution and Safety Information• If the equipment is used in a manner not specified in this manual, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.• The installation category is one (1).• There are no user replaceable fuses in this product• The output terminals of this product are for use with equipment (digital meters, chart recorders, etc,) which have no accessible five parts. Such equipment should comply with all the applicable safety requirements.• Do not operate the equipment in flammable or explosive environments.• All connections to the thermometer should be made via a shielded cable, 24 AWG stranded wire with the following ratings: 300V , 105°C (221°F), PVC insulation.• Power must be disconnected before making any electrical connections.• The power supply used to power the thermometer should be VDE or UL approved with the following ratings: 12 to 24vdc @150mA with overload protection of 500mA.iiiCaution, refer to accompanying documentsDirect Current Laser SymbolFrame or ChassisNOTES: ivSection 1 - IntroductionThe low cost OS101 mini-infrared transmitter provides non-contacttemperature measurement for industrial applications. The unit measures atemperature range of -18 to 538°C (0-1000°F) and provides a linear analogoutput of either 4-20 mA, 0-5 VDC, K type TC, 1 mV/°C, or 1 mV/°F.The new OS102 mini-infrared transmitter has all the functions of OS101plus a built-in LED display that shows the measured temperature indegrees F or degrees C which is switchable in the field.The miniature sensor head design 2.5 cm dia. x 6.3 cm Length (1" x 2.5") isideal for measuring temperature in confined, and hard to reach places.The aluminum sensor head as well as the rugged electronic housing (Diecast Aluminum) are NEMA-4 rated.The sensor head is connected to the electronic housing via a 1.82 m (6 feet)shielded cable as standard. The unit provides field adjustable alarmoutput.Section 2 - Installation2.1UnpackingRemove the packing list and verify that you have received all yourequipment. If you have any questions about the shipment, please callCustomer Service at:1-800-622-2378 or 203-359-1660. We can also be reached on the internet:e-mail:**************When you receive the shipment, inspect the container and equipment forany signs of damage. Note any evidence of rough handling in transit.inspection. After examination and removing contents, save packing material and carton in theevent reshipment is necessary.The following items are supplied in the box:• The infrared transmitter including the sensor head and the 1.82 m(6 feet) shielded cable• User's Manual• Mounting Nut1-1The following describes the ordering information:OS102 or OS101 - MA- *,**, where The following optional accessories are available:Here are the Features of OS101 and OS102 infrared transmitters:2.2Electrical Connection Sensor Head Cable - The Sensor head is pre-wired to a 1.8 m (6 feet)shielded cable. Plug & lock-in the male connector to the mating female connector on the aluminum housing.Power & Output Connection - Open the cover of the main aluminum housing. Slide the cable through the strain relief and connect the wires to the terminal block on the board as shown in Fig. 2-1. For Alarm output connection, refer to Fig. 2-2.2-1MA - 4/20 mA output V1 - 0 to 5 VDC output K - Thermocouple output, K type MV - Millivolt output C - 1 mV/°C output F - 1 mV/°F output HT- High temperature sensor head3-1Figure 2-2. Alarm Output Connection Section 3 - Operation3-1Main BoardThe Main Board is shown in Fig. 3-1. Here are the important components on the board:(1) - Terminal Block for Power & Output connections(2) - Single Turn Potentiometer to adjust Emissivity in tenths (0.x_)(3) - Single Turn Potentiometer to adjust Emissivity in hundreds (0._x)(4) -Slide switch to select between real time (Normal Operation) and alarm set point(5) - Alarm set point adjust, P4(6) - Sensor Head connection(7) - Input Zero adjust, P3(8) - Input Span adjust, P2(9) - Output Zero adjust, P5(10) - Output Span adjust, P6Figure 3-1. Main PC Board3.2Ambient TemperatureThe Sensing head can operate in an ambient temperature of 0 to 70°C (32to 158°F). The Sensing head in the high temperature model (-HT) can operate in an ambient temperature of 0 to 85°C (32 to 185°F) without any cooling required. The Sensing head can operate up to 200°C (392°F) using the water cool jacket accessory OS100-WC (See Fig. 3-6).There is a warm up period of 3 minutes after power up. After the warm up period, temperature measurement can be made.When the ambient temperature around the sensor head changes abruptly,the sensor head goes through thermal shock. It takes a certain amount of time for the sensor head to stabilize to the new ambient temperature. For example, it takes about 30 minutes for the sensor head to stabilize going from 25°C to 50°C (77 to 122°F) ambient temperature.The sensor head dimensions are shown in Fig. 3-2.Figure 3-2. Sensor Housing3-23-33.3Atmospheric QualityEnvironments with smoke, dust, and fumes dirty up the optical lens, and cause erroneous temperature readings. To keep the surface of the optical lens clean, the air purge collar accessory is recommended, OS100-AP , See Fig. 3-7.3.4Measuring TemperatureBefore starting to measure temperature, make sure that the following check list is met:ߜ The power and analog output connections are made (Fig. 2-1).ߜThe sensor head is connected to the main unit.ߜThe slide switch (SW1) on the main board is set to real time (Fig. 3-1).ߜThe target is larger than the optical field of view of the sensor head (Fig. 3-3).ߜThe emissivity adjustment on the main board is set properly (Fig. 3-1).ߜThe output load is within the product specification.On OS102 transmitters, follow these additional steps:ߜ The temperature display is set to °F or °C (Fig. 3-4)ߜ For 4-20mA output models, make sure an output load is added, ie. 250ohms.Figure 3-3. Optical Field Of ViewFigure 3-4. Setting the Temperature Engineering Unit3.5Alarm SettingThe unit provides 0-100% alarm set point adjustment. Here is an exampleof an alarm setting.• An OS101-MA(4/20 mA output), the alarm is to be set at 400°Ftemperature.• Connect the alarm output as shown in Fig. 2-2.• Set the slide switch (SW1) on the main board to the Alarm position.• Measure the analog output, and set the Potentiometer P4 until theoutput reads 10.4 mA which is 40% (400°F) of the temperature range.40 x (20-4)[10.4mA=+ 4]100• Set the slide switch (SW1) back to the Real Time position.• If the temperature reading is below the alarm set point, the alarmoutput stays high, otherwise it goes low.On the OS102, you can set the alarm set point directly based on thetemperature display.3.6Adding Extension CableYou can add extension cable between the Sensor Head and the mainelectronic housing up to 15.2 m (50 feet). After adding the extension cable,the Zero input potentiometer, P3 may be re-adjusted. (See Fig. 3-1, forproper analog output reading)The following figures show the mounting bracket (OS100-MB), Watercooling jacket (OS100-WC), Air purge collar (OS100-AP), DIN RailMounting adapter (OS-100-DR), and the main aluminum enclosure. TheDIN Rail Mounting adapter (OS100-DR) is mounted to the bottom of themain aluminum enclosure using two 4-40 screws.A typical water cool jacket assembly is shown in Fig. 3-7, on the following page.1. Mounting Nut2. Mounting Bracket3. Water Cool Jacket4. Sensor Head3-4Figure 3-5. Mounting Bracket OS100-MBFigure 3-6. Water Cooling Jacket, OS100-WCFigure 3-7. Typical Water Cool Jacket Assembly3-5Figure 3-8. Air Purge Collar, OS100-APFigure 3-9. DIN Rail Mounting Adapter, OS-100-DRFigure 3-10. NEMA-4 Aluminum Enclosure3-6Section 4 - Laser Sight Accessory4.1Warning and Cautionsbelow:•Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified here may result in hazardous radiation exposure.• Do not look at the laser beam coming out of the lens or view directly with optical instruments - eye damage can result.• Use extreme caution when operation the laser sight accessory • Never point the laser accessory at a person • Keep out of the reach of all children4.2Operating the Laser Sight AccessoryThe laser sight accessory screws onto the front of the sensor head. This accessory is only used for alignment of the sensor head to the target area.After the alignment process, the accessory has to be removed from the front of the sensor head before temperature measurement.The laser sight accessory is powered from a small compact battery pack (included with the accessory). Connect the battery pack to the accessory using the cable provided. Aim at the target, and turn on the battery power using the slide switch on the battery pack. Adjust the sensor head position so that the laser beam points to the center of the target area. Turn off the battery pack, and remove the laser sighting accessory from the sensor head. See Fig. 4-1 for reference.4-14-2Figure 4-2. Laser Warning LabelSection 5 - Specifications5.1 - GeneralTemperature Range-18 to 538°C (0 to 1000°F)Accuracy @ 22°C (72°F)±2% of Rdg. or 2.2°C (4°F) whichever is ambient temperature & greateremissivity of 0.95 or greaterOptical Field of View6:1 (Distance/Spot Size)Repeatability±1% of Rdg.Spectral Response 5 to 14 micronsResponse Time150 msec (0 to 63% of final value)Emissivity Range0.1 to 0.99, adjustableOperating Ambient TemperatureMain Transmitter0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F)Sensor Head0 to 70°C (32 to 158°F)Sensor Head (-HT Model)0 to 85°C (32 to 185°F)Sensor Head with OS100-WC(Water Cooling Jacket)0 to 200°C (32 to 392°F)Operating Relative Humidity Less than 95% RH, non-condensingWater Flow Rate for OS100-WC0.25 GPM, room temperatureThermal Shock About 30 minutes for 25°Cabrupt ambient temperature change Warm Up Period 3 minutesAir Flow Rate for OS100-AP 1 CFM (0.5 Liters/sec.)Power12 to 24 VDC @ 100 mAAnalog OutputsMV-F 1 mV/°FMV-C 1 mV/°CK K Type TC - OS101 onlyMA 4 to 20 mAV10 to 5 VDCOutput Load requirementsMin. Load (0 to 5VDC) 1 K-OhmsMax. Load (4 to 20 mA)(Supply Power - 4 )/20 mATransmitter Housing NEMA-4 & IP65, Die Cast AluminumSensor Head Housing NEMA-4 , AluminumAlarm Output Open Drain, 100 mAAlarm Set Point0 to 100% , Adjustable via P4Alarm Deadband14°C (25°F)5-15-25.1 - General Con’t.DimensionsSensor Head25.4 OD. x 63.5 mm L(1" OD. x 2.5" L)Main Housing, OS10165.5 W x 30.5 H x 115.3 mm L(2.58" W x 1.2" H x 4.54" L)Main Housing, OS10265.5 W x 55.9 H x 115.3 mm L(2.58" W x 2.2" H x 4.54" L)Weight 272 g (0.6 lb)5.2Laser Sight Accessory (OS100-LS)Wavelength (Color)630 - 670 nm (Red)Operating Distance (Laser Dot)Up to 9.1 m (30 ft.)Max. Output Optical Power Less than 1 mW at 22°F ambienttemperature.European Classification Class 2, EN60825-1/11.2001Maximum Operating current45 mA at 3 VDCFDA Classification Complies with 21 CFR 1040.10,Class II Laser ProductBeam Diameter 5 mmBeam Divergence< 2 mradOperating Temperature0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F)Operating Relative Humidity Less than 95% RH, non-condensingPower Switch ON / OFF , Slide switch on the BatteryPackPower Indicator Red LEDPower Battery Pack, 3 VDC (Consists of two 1.5VDC AA size Lithium Batteries) Laser Warning Label Located on the head sight circumferenceIdentification Label Located on the head sight circumferenceDimensions38 DIA x 50.8 mm L(1.5" DIA x 2" L)Section 6 - Emissivity Table6-1Material Emissivity (ε)Aluminum – pure highly polished plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04 to 0.06Aluminum – heavily oxidized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20 to 0.31Aluminum – commercial sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.09Brass – dull plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.22Brass – highly polished, 73.2% Cu, 26.7% Zn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.03Chromium – polished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.08 to 0.36Copper – polished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05Copper – heated at 600°C (1112°F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.57Gold – pure, highly polished or liquid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 to 0.04Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.14 to 0.38Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished cast iron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.21Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished wrought iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.28Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– oxidized dull wrought iron . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.94Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– rusted iron plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.69Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished steel oxidized at600°C (1112°F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.79Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– rolled sheet steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.66Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– rough steel plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.94 to 0.97Lead – gray and oxidized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.28Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.09 to 0.12Molybdenum filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.10 to 0.20Nickel – polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07Nickel – oxidized at 649 to 1254°C (1200°F to 2290°F). . . . . . . . . . . 0.59 to 0.86Platinum – pure polished plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 to 0.10Platinum – wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07 to 0.18Silver – pure and polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 to 0.03Stainless steel – polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07Stainless steel – Type 301 at 232 to 942°C (450°F to 1725°F). . . . . . . 0.54 to 0.63Tin – bright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.06Tungsten – filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.39Zinc – polished commercial pure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05Zinc – galvanized sheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.23M E T A L S6-2Material Emissivity (ε) Asbestos Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.96 Asphalt, tar, pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.95 to 1.00 Brick– red and rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.93 Brick– fireclay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.75 Carbon– filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.53 Carbon– lampblack - rough deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.78 to 0.84 Glass- Pyrex, lead, soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.85 to 0.95 Marble– polished light gray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.93 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– Black matte shellac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.91 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– aluminum paints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.27 to 0.67 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– flat black lacquer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.96 to 0.98 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– white enamel varnish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.91 Porcelain– glazed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.92 Quartz– opaque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.68 to 0.92 Roofing Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.91 Tape– Masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.95 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.95 to 0.96 Wood– planed oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.90 NONMETALSNOTES:6-3NOTES: 6-4OMEGA’s policy is to make running changes, not model changes, whenever an improvement is possible. T his affords our customers the latest in technology and engineering.OMEGA is a trademark of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.© Copyright 2017 OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. All rights reserved. T his document may not be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.FOR WARRANTY RETURNS, please have the following information available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1. P urchase Order number under which the product was PURCHASED,2. M odel and serial number of the product under warranty, and3. Repair instructions and/or specific problems relative to the product.FOR NON-WARRANTY REPAIRS, consult OMEGA for current repair charges. Have the following information available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1. Purchase Order number to cover the COST of the repair,2. Model and serial number of the product, and 3. Repair instructions and/or specific problems relative to the product.RETURN REQUESTS/INQUIRIESDirect all warranty and repair requests/inquiries to the OMEGA Customer Service Department. BEFORE RET URNING ANY PRODUCT (S) T O OMEGA, PURCHASER MUST OBT AIN AN AUT HORIZED RET URN (AR) NUMBER FROM OMEGA’S CUST OMER SERVICE DEPART MENT (IN ORDER T O AVOID PROCESSING DELAYS). The assigned AR number should then be marked on the outside of the return package and on any correspondence.T he purchaser is responsible for shipping charges, freight, insurance and proper packaging to preventbreakage in transit.WARRANTY/DISCLAIMEROMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. warrants this unit to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 25 months from date of purchase. OMEGA’s WARRANTY adds an additional one (1) month grace period to the normal two (2) year product warranty to cover handling and shipping time. This ensures that OMEGA’s customers receive maximum coverage on each product.If the unit malfunctions, it must be returned to the factory for evaluation. OMEGA’s Customer Service Department will issue an Authorized Return (AR) number immediately upon phone or written request. Upon examination by OMEGA, if the unit is found to be defective, it will be repaired or replaced at no charge. OMEGA’s WARRANT Y does not apply to defects resulting from any action of the purchaser, including but not limited to mishandling, improper interfacing, operation outside of design limits, improper repair, or unauthorized modification. T his WARRANT Y is VOID if the unit shows evidence of having been tampered with or shows evidence of having been damaged as a result of excessive corrosion; or current, heat, moisture or vibration; improper specification; misapplication; misuse or other operating conditions outside of OMEGA’s control. Components in which wear is not warranted, include but are not limited to contact points, fuses, and triacs.OMEGA is pleased to offer suggestions on the use of its various products. However, OMEGA neither assumes responsibility for any omissions or errors nor assumes liability for any damages that result from the use of its products in accordance with information provided by OMEGA, either verbal or written. OMEGA warrants only that the parts manufactured by the company will be as specified and free of defects. OMEGA MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, EXCEPT THAT OF TITLE, AND ALL IMPLIED W ARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY W ARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: The remedies of purchaser set forth herein are exclusive, and the total liability of OMEGA with respect to this order, whether based on contract, warranty, negligence, indemnification, strict liability or otherwise, shall not exceed the purchase price of the component upon which liability is based. In no event shall OMEGA be liable for consequential, incidental or special damages.CONDITIONS: Equipment sold by OMEGA is not intended to be used, nor shall it be used: (1) as a “Basic Component” under 10 CFR 21 (NRC), used in or with any nuclear installation or activity; or (2) in medical applications or used on humans. Should any Product(s) be used in or with any nuclear installation or activity, medical application, used on humans, or misused in any way, OMEGA assumes no responsibility as set forth in our basic WARRANT Y /DISCLAIMER language, and, additionally, purchaser will indemnify OMEGA and hold OMEGA harmless from any liability or damage whatsoever arising out of the use of theProduct(s) in such a manner.Where Do I Find Everything I Need forProcess Measurement and Control?OMEGA…Of Course!Shop online at TEMPERATUREM U Thermocouple, RTD & Thermistor Probes, Connectors,Panels & AssembliesM U Wire: Thermocouple, RTD & ThermistorM U Calibrators & Ice Point ReferencesM U Recorders, Controllers & Process MonitorsM U Infrared PyrometersPRESSURE, STRAIN AND FORCEM U Transducers & Strain GagesM U Load Cells & Pressure GagesM U Displacement TransducersM U Instrumentation & AccessoriesFLOW/LEVELM U Rotameters, Gas Mass Flowmeters & Flow ComputersM U Air Velocity IndicatorsM U Turbine/Paddlewheel SystemsM U Totalizers & Batch ControllerspH/CONDUCTIVITYM U pH Electrodes, Testers & AccessoriesM U Benchtop/Laboratory MetersM U Controllers, Calibrators, Simulators & PumpsM U Industrial pH & Conductivity EquipmentDATA ACQUISITIONM U Communications-Based Acquisition SystemsM U Data Logging SystemsM U Wireless Sensors, Transmitters, & ReceiversM U Signal ConditionersM U Data Acquisition SoftwareHEATERSM U Heating CableM U Cartridge & Strip HeatersM U Immersion & Band HeatersM U Flexible HeatersM U Laboratory HeatersENVIRONMENTALMONITORING AND CONTROLM U Metering & Control InstrumentationM U RefractometersM U Pumps & TubingM U Air, Soil & Water MonitorsM U Industrial Water & Wastewater TreatmentM U pH, Conductivity & Dissolved Oxygen InstrumentsM3572/1217。

伯乐超敏成像仪参数

伯乐超敏成像仪参数

一、概述伯乐超敏成像仪（Belle Ultra-Sensitive Imager，简称BUI）是一款高性能、高灵敏度的荧光成像设备，广泛应用于生命科学、材料科学、生物医学等领域。

该成像仪采用先进的光学系统、高分辨率CCD相机和强大的图像处理软件，实现了对生物样品、材料样品等低光信号的高灵敏度成像。

二、主要技术参数1. 成像模式BUI支持多种成像模式，包括：（1）荧光成像：适用于观察荧光标记的细胞、组织、蛋白质等生物样品。

（2）化学发光成像：适用于观察化学发光标记的样品。

（3）共聚焦成像：适用于观察活细胞、组织切片等样品。

（4）共聚焦扫描激光扫描共聚焦显微镜成像：适用于观察三维结构样品。

2. 成像分辨率BUI采用高性能CCD相机，可实现以下成像分辨率：（1）荧光成像：500万像素，分辨率可达0.4μm。

（2）化学发光成像：500万像素，分辨率可达0.4μm。

（3）共聚焦成像：500万像素，分辨率可达0.4μm。

（4）共聚焦扫描激光扫描共聚焦显微镜成像：500万像素，分辨率可达0.4μm。

3. 灵敏度BUI具有极高的灵敏度，可实现以下成像灵敏度：（1）荧光成像：最低信噪比可达1000:1。

（2）化学发光成像：最低信噪比可达1000:1。

（3）共聚焦成像：最低信噪比可达1000:1。

（4）共聚焦扫描激光扫描共聚焦显微镜成像：最低信噪比可达1000:1。

4. 线性范围BUI具有较宽的线性范围，可实现以下成像线性范围：（1）荧光成像：线性范围可达10,000:1。

（2）化学发光成像：线性范围可达10,000:1。

（3）共聚焦成像：线性范围可达10,000:1。

（4）共聚焦扫描激光扫描共聚焦显微镜成像：线性范围可达10,000:1。

5. 照度范围BUI具有较宽的照度范围，可实现以下成像照度范围：（1）荧光成像：照度范围可达0.1-100,000 photons/s。

（2）化学发光成像：照度范围可达0.1-100,000 photons/s。

冰片对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型的影响

冰片对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型的影响

冰片对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型的影响孙淑萍;杜云艳;锁孝国;王洋;张家豪;吴晨光;张梦圆【摘要】目的:探究冰片的体外抗炎活性及其相关的分子机制.方法:选取对数生长期的RAW264.7巨噬细胞,使用不同浓度(0.03μg/mL、0.3μg/mL、3μg/mL、30μg/mL、300μg/mL、600μg/mL)冰片和不同浓度(0.5μg/mL、1μg/mL、1.5μg/mL、2μg/mL)脂多糖(LPS)分别作用细胞24h,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,筛选出活力较好的冰片和LPS浓度.LPS刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞建立炎症细胞模型,选择醋酸地塞米松(Dexamethasone,Dex)作为阳性对照药,分别设置空白(KB)组、模型(MX)组、阳性(YX)组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,药物组分别使用相应浓度的药物预处理细胞0.5h后,各组(除KB组)再用LPS刺激23.5h.倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态,一步法测定细胞培养上清液中一氧化氮(NO)的含量,Western blot法检测丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs)通路、核转录因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)通路及核因子(NF-κB)通路中相关蛋白的表达水平,DCFH-DA荧光探针检测活性氧(ROS)含量.结果:冰片浓度<600μg/mL和LPS浓度<1.5μg/mL时细胞活力未受明显影响,并进一步优化出1.5μg/mL、15μg/mL、150μg/mL分别作为冰片抑制细胞炎症的低、中、高剂量,1.2μg/mL LPS作为刺激RAW264.7细胞的最佳浓度.倒置显微镜下观察可见,KB组大部分细胞呈圆形,轮廓较为清楚;MX组细胞伪足和肿胀分化较为严重,且胞质内可见白色透明小泡;YX组细胞伪足回缩,趋于正常;冰片三个剂量组均能不同程度地抑制细胞分化.冰片可剂量依赖性地降低炎症因子NO的水平.Western blot结果显示,冰片可激活Nrf2通路,促进Nrf2蛋白表达,同时抑制MAPKs及NF-κB通路活化,降低ERK、JNK、p38和p65的磷酸化水平.冰片可剂量依赖性地抑制ROS的过度表达.结论:冰片可剂量依赖性地抑制MAPKs和NF-κB通路的活化,以及激活Nrf2蛋白,降低相关炎症因子NO的表达水平,进而发挥细胞抗炎活性.【期刊名称】《通化师范学院学报》【年(卷),期】2019(040)004【总页数】8页(P61-68)【关键词】冰片;RAW264.7巨噬细胞;脂多糖;抗炎;炎症因子;MAPKs通路;NF-κB 通路;Nrf2通路【作者】孙淑萍;杜云艳;锁孝国;王洋;张家豪;吴晨光;张梦圆【作者单位】皖南医学院安徽芜湖241000;皖南医学院安徽芜湖241002;皖南医学院安徽芜湖241002;皖南医学院安徽芜湖241002;皖南医学院安徽芜湖241002;皖南医学院安徽芜湖241002;皖南医学院安徽芜湖241002【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R285.5炎症是机体或细胞受到损伤、感染或者暴露于有害物质（如LPS）时所产生的一种复杂的生理防御过程［1-2］.其主要表现为局部组织的变性、渗出和增生［2］.现代科学研究表明，炎症与心脏病、某些形式的癌症、糖尿病以及骨关节炎等密切相关［3］.当机体受到外界因素刺激后，活化的巨噬细胞能够分泌多种细胞因子和趋化因子如NO等，引起机体固有免疫反应.在炎症反应过程中，巨噬细胞在启动、维护和解决炎症反应方面起着重要的作用［4］.脂多糖（LPS）是革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁的主要成分之一，具有强大的免疫刺激能力［5］.RAW264.7巨噬细胞作为一种鼠源性免疫细胞，在受到外界因素（如LPS）刺激时会被激活，分泌众多炎症因子（如NO等），产生炎症反应.此外，LPS作用于巨噬细胞可激活下游NF-κB和MAPKs炎性信号通路，产生炎症因子［6］.炎症因子的多少可间接地反映出炎症的严重程度，是炎症轻重的量化指标.冰片（Borneol）是常用中药材，有悠久的药用历史.唐代《新修本草》记载:冰片具有清热止痛、散郁火、生肌的功效.现代药理学研究表明，冰片具有抗细菌、真菌，消炎镇痛等作用［7］.笔者通过查阅目前国内外对冰片的研究发现，科研人员对冰片的研究主要集中在其化学成分及其提取工艺的分析和毒性及其机制的探讨［8-9］，只见少数文献报道冰片的抗炎作用，如孙晓萍［10］等研究表明，冰片对角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀、冰醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加均有明显的抑制作用，但体外抗炎活性及其作用机制尚未见报道.本实验选用LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞作为体外炎症模型［11］，考察了冰片对炎症因子NO及ROS含量的影响，对抗炎分子机制是否与NF-κB、MAPKs 及Nrf2炎性信号通路有关进行讨论，为冰片更合理应用提供了数据支持，现报道如下.1 实验材料与仪器1.1 实验细胞RAW264.7小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞株由皖南医学院生物化学教研室戚之琳教授惠赠.1.2 主要实验材料冰片（批号:180311，含量99%，吉安市林科天然冰片厂）；醋酸地塞米松片（批号:160929，浙江仙琚制药股份有限公司）；LPS冻干粉（Solarbio）；一氧化氮（NO）一步法试剂盒（南京建成生物工程研究所）；CCK-8法细胞增值检测试剂盒（江苏凯基生物技术股份有限公司）；ERK1/2 Rabbit MonoclonalAntibody、Phospho-Erk1/Erk2 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody、JNK Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody、Phospho-JNK Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody、 p38 RabbitMonoclonalAntibody、DCFH-DA活性氧检测试剂盒（上海碧云天生物技术有限公司）；Phospho-NF kappa B p65 Antibody、Phospho-p38 MAPKs Antibody（Affinity）；p65 RELA Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody、Nrf2 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody、β-Tublin Mouse Monoclonal Antibody （Proteintech）；Mouse Anti-β-actin、Goat Anti-Mouse IgG、Rabbit Anti-HO-1/HMOX-1、Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG（武汉博士德生物工程有限公司）等. 1.3 主要实验仪器二氧化碳培养箱（GOLD-SIM）；生物安全柜（ESCO）；IX-51荧光倒置显微镜（OLYMPUS）；垂直电泳仪（北京君意东方电泳设备有限公司）；Amersham Imager600超灵敏多功能成像仪（General Electric Company）；手提式压力蒸汽灭菌器（上海申安医疗器械厂）；高速冷冻离心机（安徽嘉文仪器装备有限公司）；全波长酶标分析仪（赛默飞世尔科技有限公司）.2 实验方法2.1 溶液的配制2.1.1 冰片的配制精密称取10mg冰片置于1.5mL EP管内，加入4μL DMSO溶解，移至含有1mL PBS的15mL离心管中，反复吹打，再加入1mL PBS，反复吹打，依次递增，重复上述步骤，最后补足至10mL，配成浓度为1mg/mL母液，用0.22μm无菌滤头过滤，分装，-20℃保存备用.2.1.2 LPS母液的配制精密称取1mg LPS冻干粉，加1mL完全培养基溶解，配成浓度为1mg/mL母液，用0.22μm无菌滤头过滤，分装，-20℃保存备用.2.1.3 Dex母液的配制将醋酸地塞米松片充分研磨成细粉，过100目药筛.精密称取醋酸地塞米松细粉0.2826g（原料药0.26g），加10mL完全培养基溶解，配成26mg/mL母液，用0.22μm无菌滤头过滤，分装，-20℃保存备用.2.2 RAW264.7小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的培养RAW264.7使用含10%FBS的DMEM培养基，置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养，2d传代1次，传代比例为1∶7，传代次数不超过15代.使用时，将细胞刮下，加入培养基重悬，计数后，加入培养板各孔中.2.3 CCK-8法检测细胞活力2.3.1 不同浓度冰片溶液对细胞活力的影响RAW264.7细胞以1×105个／孔种于96孔板，每孔体积100μL，培养2h，弃去上清液，药物组每孔分别加入0.03μg/mL、0.3μg/mL、3μg/mL、30μg/mL、300μg/mL、600μg/mL冰片溶液各100μL；对照组弃去培养基，加入100μL完全培养基；空白组加入100μL完全培养基后不做处理；每个样平行6份.外周一圈每孔加入100μL PBS缓冲液，继续培养24h.药物组和对照组每孔加入10μLCCK-8溶液，于细胞培养箱中继续培养2h，用酶标仪在450nm波长下（参比波长:600nm）测定OD值，计算各药物浓度下的细胞存活率，统计并定量分析.选择其中安全的药物浓度范围，进一步摸索并确定合适的低、中、高剂量下的药物浓度，进行后续实验.其中，细胞存活率（%）=（药物组OD值-空白组OD值）（/对照组OD值-空白组OD值）×100%.2.3.2 不同浓度LPS溶液对细胞活力的影响除每孔加入 0.5μg/mL、1μg/mL、1.5μg/mL、2μg/mL LPS溶液各100μL外，其余和2.3.1项下相同.2.4 实验分组及给药实验设立空白（KB）组、模型（MX）组、醋酸地塞米松阳性对照（Dex，YX）组、冰片低、中、高剂量组.取对数生长期的细胞按1∶9的比例稀释接种于6孔板中，各组先加1mL含有细胞的培养液，贴壁生长2h.待细胞贴壁后将药物组、醋酸地塞米松阳性对照组的培养基吸出（空白组、模型组不做处理），分别加入配好的各浓度药液1mL，继续培养30min.30min后空白组加1mL完全培养基；MX组、YX组与药物组各加入2.4μg/mL LPS溶液1mL，使LPS终浓度为1.2μg/mL.2.5 细胞形态观察细胞用药24h后，从培养箱中取出6孔板，用OLYMPUS倒置显微镜观察细胞形态并拍摄照片（×200）.2.6 一步法测定细胞培养上清液中炎症因子NO含量收集细胞培养上清液，4℃，3000rpm，离心10min，按照试剂盒说明书测定NO含量.2.7 Western blot法检测各组细胞MAPKs通路蛋白的表达变化取6孔细胞板中处理后的RAW264.7细胞，PBS洗涤后，加入细胞裂解液（RI PA∶PMSF∶广谱磷酸酶抑制剂=100∶1∶1），至4℃冰箱裂解一段时间后取出，将细胞刮下，离心，取上清液加入5×上样缓冲液，再于沸水中煮沸变性，经BCA法检测蛋白浓度后.用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（SDS-PAGE）电泳后转至NC膜上，丽春红染液染色，根据蛋白分子量与marker剪出所需蛋白的NC膜，TBST洗净.用5%的脱脂牛奶封闭.用TBST洗净，孵育Nrf2、p65、p-p65、ERK、p-ERK、p38、p-p38、JNK、p-JNK、β-actin一抗，4℃孵育过夜，TBST清洗，分别加入相应的二抗:HRP标记的羊抗鼠IgG（1∶6000）和HRP标记的羊抗兔IgG （1∶8000），室温孵育1h，TBST洗净，滴加现配的ECL显影液（A液∶B液=1∶1）曝光显影.用Image J软件对条带进行灰度分析制作柱状图，目的蛋白表达量＝目的蛋白的灰度值／内参蛋白的灰度值.2.8 DCFH-DA荧光探针检测ROS含量变化实验分组及用药同操作2.4.用无血清培养液按1∶200稀释DCFH-DA，使其终浓度为50μmol/L，去除细胞培养液，按1mL/孔的量加入稀释好的DCFH-DA，培养箱37℃孵育1h.用无血清细胞培养液洗涤细胞，以充分去除未进入细胞内的DCFH-DA.再加入1mL PBS，使用488nm激发波长，525nm发射波长，倒置荧光显微镜下观察荧光强弱，拍照，用Image J软件统计平均光密度值并定量分析.2.9 统计学分析用SPSS17.0进行数据处理，结果用±s表示，多个样本均数间的比较采用单因素方差分析，p<0.05表示差异具有显著统计学意义，p<0.01表示差异具有极显著统计学意义.3 实验结果3.1 不同浓度冰片对RAW264.7细胞活力的影响冰片在0.03～600μg/mL浓度范围内时，RAW264.7细胞存活率高，倒置显微镜观察也可见细胞形态完整，表明细胞未受到明显损伤作用.因此，0.03～600μg/mL为安全药物浓度区间，同时笔者进一步优化了药物浓度，最终选择1.5μg/mL、15μg/mL、150μg/mL分别作为低、中、高剂量组的药物浓度进行后续的实验，详情如图1所示.图1 不同浓度冰片对细胞活力的影响注:与3μg/mL比较，★★p<0.01.3.2 不同浓度LPS对RAW264.7细胞活力的影响本研究中，在将不同浓度（0.5μg/mL、1μg/mL、1.5μg/mL、2μg/mL）LPS分别作用细胞 24h后，CCK-8法检测各组细胞活力结果显示如图2，LPS浓度为1.5μg/mL时，细胞存活率明显下降（p<0.05），而LPS浓度为2μg/mL时，细胞存活率极显著性下降（p<0.01）.因此，可推断出，LPS浓度<1.5μg/mL为安全浓度区间，后期进一步优化，选择1.2μg/mL作为刺激巨噬细胞的浓度.图2 不同浓度LPS对细胞活力的影响注:与1μg/mL组比较，★p<0.05，★★p<0.01.3.2 各组细胞的基本形态KB组大部分细胞形态正常、似球形，有少数细胞发生变形出现小角；MX组细胞在LPS的刺激下形态发生显著改变，大部分细胞有较长的触角形成且形状不规则，有部分细胞出现空泡现象，说明造模成功；YX组细胞大部分呈圆形，少数有小角出现，细胞形态较MX组有极大改善；1.5μg/mL组细胞形态较MX组有稍微改善，仍有许多细胞出现了变形，但较MX组正常圆形细胞居多且角较小；15μg/mL组细胞形态比MX组和1.5μg/mL组较规则，细胞变形数量与细胞空泡减少；150μg/mL组细胞形态接近于正常情况，有少许的细胞空泡，细胞变形数目大为减少.结果显示，冰片对LPS引起的RAW264.7细胞炎症具有抗炎活性，且成剂量依赖性，抗炎活性大小为:150μg/mL>15μg/mL>1.5μg/mL，见图3.图3 各组细胞形态图（×200）3.3 细胞培养上清液中炎症因子NO的含量变化与KB组比较，MX组NO水平极显著性升高（p<0.01），说明LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞造模成功.与MX组比较，YX组、冰片低、中、高剂量组均能极显著性降低上清液中NO水平，说明均有抗炎效果.与1.5μg/mL组比较，15μg/mL、150μg/mL剂量下，NO水平均极显著性降低（p<0.01），且150μg/mL浓度下NO水平降低幅度更大.综上可知，冰片能剂量依赖性地降低细胞培养上清液中NO水平，见表1.表1 各组NO含量变化（±s，n=6）注:与KB组比较，*p<0.05，**p<0.01；与MX组比较，#p<0.05，##p<0.01；与1.5μg/mL组比较，★p<0.05，★★p<0.01.组别NO（μmol/L）KB15.52±0.49MX33.22±0.77**YX15.24±0.4094##1.5μg/mL28.84±0.68##15μg/mL24.70±0.91##★★150μg/mL16.42±0.59##★★3.4 MAPKs通路、Nrf2通路及NF-κB通路相关蛋白表达水平3.4.1 MAPKs通路p-p38/p38、p-ERK/ERK、p-JNK/JNK磷酸化水平变化图4 p-p38/p38、p-ERK/ERK、p-JNK/JNK磷酸化水平变化情况注:与KB组比较，*p<0.05，**p<0.01；与MX组比较，#p<0.05，##p<0.01；与1.5μg/mL组比较，★p<0.05，★★p<0.01.Western blot结果显示（图4），与KB组比较，MX组经LPS刺激后，p-p38、p-ERK和p-JNK磷酸化水平均极显著性升高（p<0.01），表明细胞炎症模型构建成功.而分别使用阳性药Dex和低、中、高浓度的冰片作用炎症细胞后，p-p38、p-ERK和p-JNK磷酸化水平均出现不同程度地下降，表明冰片发挥了抗炎作用.其中，与MX组比较，YX组的p-p38、p-ERK和p-JNK磷酸化水平均显著性下降（p<0.05，p<0.05，p<0.01）；而150μg/mL剂量下，p-p38、p-ERK和p-JNK磷酸化水平均极显著性下降（p<0.01）；1.5μg/mL和15μg/mL的冰片部分组虽然没有显著性，但仍然可以看出均能抑制p-p38、p-ERK和p-JNK磷酸化水平.综上表明，冰片可有效地抑制MAPKs通路的活化，进而发挥细胞抗炎活性. 3.4.2 Nrf2通路中Nrf2蛋白含量变化Western blot结果显示（图5），与KB组比较，MX组Nrf2蛋白含量呈现应激性的升高，且具有极显著性差异（p<0.01），而分别使用阳性药Dex和低、中、高浓度的冰片作用细胞后，Nrf2蛋白含量出现不同程度地升高，表明冰片发挥了抗炎作用.与MX组比较，150μg/mL剂量下，Nrf2含量显著性升高（p<0.05），而1.5μg/mL和15μg/mL组的含量升高不明显（p>0.05）.综上表明，冰片可剂量依赖性地激活Nrf2通路，进而发挥细胞的抗炎活性.图5 各组Nrf2蛋白变化情况注:与KB组比较，*p<0.05，**p<0.01；与MX组比较，#p<0.05，##p<0.01.3.4.3 NF-κB通路p-p65/p65磷酸化水平变化Western blot结果显示（图6），与KB组比较，MX组经LPS刺激后，p-p65磷酸化水平明显升高（p<0.05），表明细胞炎症模型构建成功.而分别使用阳性药Dex和低、中、高浓度的冰片作用细胞后，p-p65磷酸化水平出现不同程度地下降，表明二者均发挥了抗炎作用.其中，与MX组比较，1.5μg/mL抑制p-p65磷酸化水平效果不明显（p>0.05），15μg/mL和150μg/mL可极显著性抑制p-p65磷酸化水平（p<0.01）.综上表明，冰片可剂量依赖性地抑制NF-κB通路的活化，进而发挥细胞的抗炎活性.图6 p-p65/p65磷酸化水平变化情况注:与KB组比较，*p<0.05，**p<0.01；与MX组比较，#p<0.05，##p<0.01.3.5 各组ROS表达变化情况ROS增多会导致脂质过氧化，会对细胞或机体造成严重损伤，其含量的增高常被认为是机体损伤的重要指标.如图7所示，在LPS刺激下，MX组ROS表达率明显升高（p＜0.01）.与MX组相比，药物组ROS的表达均出现不同程度的极显著性下降（p＜0.01），表明冰片对ROS有极显著的抑制作用，且 150μg/mL与15μg/mL效果均比1.5μg/mL效果好.综上所述，冰片可剂量依赖性地抑制ROS 的产生.图7 各组ROS表达水平注:与KB组比较，*p<0.05，**p<0.01；与MX组比较，#p<0.05，##p<0.01；与1.5μg/mL组比较，★p<0.05，★★p<0.01；n=3.4 讨论NO作为炎症反应的重要炎性介质，在炎症、肿瘤等疾病进程中均有重要作用［12-14］.iNOS是生成NO的一种关键酶，主要存在于巨噬细胞中，当巨噬细胞遭受炎症介质、LPS等刺激时，诱导型一氧化氮合成酶会显著增加，从而产生大量的NO进行免疫应答.NO具有一定细胞毒性，会进一步对机体造成损伤，从而促进炎症部位渗出和水肿［15］，抑制NO生成的程度是检测抗炎活性的直接指标.本实验结果显示，与1.5μg/mL组比较，15μg/mL、150μg/mL剂量下，NO水平均极显著性降低，且150μg/mL浓度下NO水平更低，说明冰片能剂量依赖性地降低细胞培养上清液中NO水平，进而发挥体外抗炎作用.ROS属于活性较高的自由基，是生物体内产生的超氧阴离子、过氧化氢、羟自由基等活性含氧化合物的总称，是氧化应激的关键介质，可激活单核细胞、巨噬细胞等多种免疫细胞释放大量炎性因子，其含量的多少是判断是否发生氧化应激的重要指标［16］.LPS可通过激活RAW264.7巨噬细胞上的toll样受体-4复合物并引发全身性氧化应激，从而致ROS水平显著性增加［17］.而氧化应激能够调控和加剧炎症，激活NF-κB和MAPKs炎症通路，促进炎性因子（如NO等）的表达，进而会引起急性炎症、组织损伤和败血症等［18］.本实验中药物组ROS的表达均出现不同程度的下降，且150μg/mL组下降更显著，表明冰片具有一定的抗炎作用.NF-κB是细胞应答损伤、应力及炎症的重要信号通路，参与多种炎性细胞因子的转录，在炎症反应的复杂细胞因子网络中可能是一个中心环节.NF-κB激活主要是由IKK（IκB激酶）激活而产生的.在受到外界刺激（如LPS）时，IκB被磷酸化，释放出有活性的p50/p65二聚体进入细胞核，从而调节特异基因的转录［19］.活化的NF-κB能够调节炎性细胞因子NO等的合成以及分泌，进而诱发炎症的发生［20］.目前已证实该通路是抗炎药物的重要作用靶点，阻断或抑制NF-κB的转录活性可抑制炎症反应.本实验采用Western blot法检测细胞p65蛋白的表达，结果显示，冰片呈剂量依赖性地抑制RAW264.7细胞p65蛋白的磷酸化，即通过抑制NF-κB通路的激活，从而发挥抗炎作用.MAPKs通路是能够对各种细胞外刺激物做出应答的经典炎症通路，通过应答机体的各种刺激来激活促炎因子的表达，从而发挥应激反应的中心调节子作用［21］.胞外信号调节激酶1/2（ERK1/2）、p38和c-Jun NH2-末端激酶（JNK）3条级联反应构成MAPKs信号通路的主要部分，该通路的激活可促进炎症细胞因子的生成而加剧炎症反应［21］.现有研究显示，MAPKs可被LPS激活［22］，活化成磷酸化状态调控下游的炎性细胞因子［23］，抑制MAPKs通路的活化也是控制过度炎症反应的有效途径［24］.本实验结果显示，冰片可剂量依赖性地抑制MAPKs通路的活化，从而发挥细胞外抗炎作用.另外，Nrf2蛋白在抗氧化反应中起着重要的作用.在生理状态下，Nrf2与Keap1结合，存在于细胞质中.LPS通过一系列的信号分子激活Nrf2［25］，氧化应激也能使之激活，促使其核转位，与细胞核中的抗氧化反应元件结合，进而激活抗氧化剂的转录基因［26］；Nrf2表达上调会抑制ROS的生成，从而抑制炎症反应［27］.因此，调节Nrf2蛋白对于抑制炎症反应和减轻氧化损伤具有重要的意义.本研究结果表明，冰片可剂量依赖性地激活Nrf2蛋白，其中150μg/mL抗炎效果较好.综上，冰片能剂量依赖性地抑制MAPKs和NF-κB通路的活化，激活Nrf2蛋白，抑制ROS的产生，降低相关炎症因子NO的表达水平，进而发挥细胞抗炎活性.此研究深化了对冰片的认识，为冰片的合理用药提供了理论基础.参考文献：【相关文献】［1］Durgaprasad L，Manoj K，Ramakrishna S，et al.Anti-inflammatory treatments for chronic diseases:a review［J］.Inflammation&Allergy-Drug 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