常用函数列表

附录MATLAB图像处理工具箱函数表1 通用函数函数功能语法colorbar 显示颜色条colorbarcolorbar(...,'peer',axes_handle) colorbar(axes_handle) colorbar('location')colorbar(...,'PropertyName',pro pertyvalue)cbar_axes = colorbar(...)getimage 从坐标轴取得图像数据A = getimage(h)[x,y,A] = getimage(h)[...,A,flag] = getimage(h)[...] = getimageimage 创建并显示图像对象image(C)image(x,y,C)image(...,'PropertyName',PropertyValue,...)image('PropertyName',PropertyValue,...) Formal syntax -PN/PV onlyhandle = image(...)imagesc 按图像显示数据矩阵imagesc(C)imagesc(x,y,C)imagesc(...,clims)h = imagesc(...)imshow 显示图像imshow(I,n)imshow(I,[low high]) imshow(BW)imshow(X,map)imshow(RGB)imshow(…,display_option) imshow(x,y,A,…) imshow filenameh = imshow(…)imview 利用图像浏览器显示图像imview(I)imview(RGB)imview(X,map)imview(I,range)imview(filename)imview(...,'InitialMagnification',initial_mag)h = imview(...)imview close allmontage 在矩形框中同时显示多帧图像montage(I)montage(BW)montage(X,map)montage(RGB)h = montage(...)immovie 创建多帧索引色图像的电影动画mov = immovie(X,map)mov = immovie(RGB)subimage 在一个图形中显示多个图像，结合函数subplot使用subimage(X,map)subimage(I)subimage(BW)subimage(RGB)subimage(x,y,...)h = subimage(...)truesize 调整图像显示尺寸truesize(fig,[mrows mcols])truesize(fig)wrap 将图像显示到纹理映射表面warp(X,map)warp(I,n)warp(BW)warp(RGB) warp(z,...) warp(x,y,z,...)h = warp(...)zoom 缩放图像或图形zoom onzoom offzoom outzoom reset zoomzoom xonzoom yonzoom(factor) zoom(fig, option)表2 图像文件I/O函数函数功能语法imfinfo 返回图像文件信息info = imfinfo(filename,fmt) info = imfinfo(filename)imread 从图像文件中读取图像A = imread(filename,fmt)[X,map] = imread(filename,fmt)[...] = imread(filename)[...] = imread(URL,...)[...] = imread(...,idx)(CUR, GIF, ICO, and TIFF only)[...] = imread(..., 'PixelRegion', { ROWS, COLS }) (TIFF only)[...] = imread(...,'frames',idx) (GIF only) [...] = imread(...,ref) (HDF only) [...] = imread(...,'BackgroundColor',BG) (PNG only)[A,map,alpha] = imread(...)(ICO, CUR, and PNG only)imwrite 把图像写入图像文件中imwrite(A,filename,fmt)imwrite(X,map,filename,fmt)imwrite(...,filename)imwrite(...,Param1,Val1,Param2,Val2...)表3 空间变换函数函数功能语法findbounds 为空间变换寻找输出边界outbounds = findbounds(TFORM,inbounds)fliptform 切换空间变换结构的输入和输出角色TFLIP = fliptform(T)imcrop 剪切图像I2 = imcrop(I)X2 = imcrop(X,map) RGB2 = imcrop(RGB)I2 = imcrop(I,rect)X2 = imcrop(X,map,rect) RGB2 = imcrop(RGB,rect) [...] = imcrop(x,y,...) [A,rect] = imcrop(...) [x,y,A,rect] = imcrop(...)imresize 图像缩放B = imresize(A,m)B = imresize(A,m,method)B = imresize(A,[mrows ncols],method)B = imresize(...,method,n)B = imresize(...,method,h)imrotate 图像旋转B = imrotate(A,angle)B = imrotate(A,angle,method)B = imrotate(A,angle,method,bbox)interp2 2-D数据插值ZI = interp2(X,Y,Z,XI,YI)ZI = interp2(Z,XI,YI)ZI = interp2(Z,ntimes)ZI = interp2(X,Y,Z,XI,YI,method)imtransform 对图像进行2-D空间变换B = imtransform(A,TFORM)B = imtransform(A,TFORM,INTERP)[B,XDATA,YDATA] = imtransform(...) [B,XDATA,YDATA] = imtransform(..., param1, val1, param2, val2,...)makeresampler 生成重采样结构R = makeresampler(interpolant,padmethod) maketform 生成几何变换结构T = maketform(transformtype,...)tformarray 多维数组的空间变换B = tformarray(A, T, R, TDIMS_A, TDIMS_B, TSIZE_B, TMAP_B,F)tformfwd 正向空间变换[X,Y] = tformfwd(T,U,V)[X1,X2,X3,...] = tformfwd(T,U1,U2,U3,...) X = tformfwd(T,U)[X1,X2,X3,...] = tformfwd(T,U)X = tformfwd(T,U1,U2,U3,...)tforminv 逆向空间变换U = tforminv(X,T)表4 像素和统计处理函数函数功能语法corr2 计算两个矩阵的2-D相关系数r = corr2(A,B)imcontour 创建图像的轮廓图imcontour(I) imcontour(I,n) imcontour(I,v) imcontour(x,y,...) imcontour(...,LineSpec) [C,h] = imcontour(...)imhist 显示图像的直方图imhist(I,n)imhist(X,map) [counts,x] = imhist(...)impixel 确定像素颜色值P = impixel(I)P = impixel(X,map)P = impixel(RGB)P = impixel(I,c,r)P = impixel(X,map,c,r)P = impixel(RGB,c,r) [c,r,P] = impixel(...)P = impixel(x,y,I,xi,yi)P = impixel(x,y,X,map,xi,yi) P = impixel(x,y,RGB,xi,yi) [xi,yi,P] = impixel(x,y,...)improfile 沿线段计算剖面图的像素值c = improfilec = improfile(n)c = improfile(I,xi,yi)c = improfile(I,xi,yi,n) [cx,cy,c] = improfile(...) [cx,cy,c,xi,yi] = improfile(...) [...] = improfile(x,y,I,xi,yi) [...] = improfile(x,y,I,xi,yi,n) [...] = improfile(...,method)mean2 求矩阵元素平均值 B = mean2(A)pixval 显示图像像素信息pixval onpixval offpixvalpixval(fig,option) pixval(ax,option) pixval(H,option)regionprops 得到图像区域属性STA TS = regionprops(L,properties) std2 计算矩阵元素的标准偏移 b = std2(A)表5 图像分析函数函数功能语法edge 识别灰度图像中的边界BW = edge(I,'sobel')BW = edge(I,'sobel',thresh)BW = edge(I,'sobel',thresh,direction) [BW,thresh] = edge(I,'sobel',...)BW = edge(I,'prewitt')BW = edge(I,'prewitt',thresh)BW = edge(I,'prewitt',thresh,direction) [BW,thresh] = edge(I,'prewitt',...)BW = edge(I,'roberts')BW = edge(I,'roberts',thresh) [BW,thresh] = edge(I,'roberts',...)BW = edge(I,'log')BW = edge(I,'log',thresh)BW = edge(I,'log',thresh,sigma) [BW,threshold] = edge(I,'log',...)qtdecomp 执行四叉树分解S = qtdecomp(I)S = qtdecomp(I,threshold)S = qtdecomp(I,threshold,mindim)S = qtdecomp(I,threshold,[mindim maxdim]) S = qtdecomp(I,fun)S = qtdecomp(I,fun,P1,P2,...)qtgetblk 获取四叉树分解中的数组块值[vals,r,c] = qtgetblk(I,S,dim)[vals,idx] = qtgetblk(I,S,dim)qtsetblk 设置四叉树分解中的数组块值J = qtsetblk(I,S,dim,vals)表6 图像增强函数函数功能语法adapthisteq 执行对比度受限的直方图均衡J = adapthisteq(I)J = adapthisteq(I,param1,val1,param2,val2...)decorrstretch 对多通道图像应用解卷积延拓S = decorrstretch(I)S = decorrstretch(I,TOL)histeq 用直方图均等化增强对比度J = histeq(I,hgram)J = histeq(I,n)[J,T] = histeq(I,...)newmap = histeq(X,map,hgram) newmap = histeq(X,map) [newmap,T] = histeq(X,...)imadjust 调整图像灰度值或颜色映射表J = imadjust(I)J = imadjust(I,[low_in; high_in],[low_out;high_out])J = imadjust(...,gamma)newmap = imadjust(map, [low_in high_in],[low_out high_out], gamma)RGB2 = imadjust(RGB1,...)imnoise 向图像中加入噪声J = imnoise(I,type)J = imnoise(I,type,parameters)medfilt2 进行二维中值滤波B = medfilt2(A,[m n])B = medfilt2(A)B = medfilt2(A,'indexed',...)ordfilt2 进行二维统计顺序滤波B = ordfilt2(A,order,domain) B = ordfilt2(A,order,domain,S) B = ordfilt2(...,padopt)stretchlim 得到图像对比度延拓的灰度上下限LOW_HIGH = stretchlim(I,TOL)LOW_HIGH = stretchlim(RGB,TOL)wiener2 进行二维适应性去噪滤波J = wiener2(I,[m n],noise) [J,noise] = wiener2(I,[m n])表7 线性滤波函数函数功能语法conv2 二维卷积C = conv2(A,B)C = conv2(hcol,hrow,A) C = conv2(...,'shape')convmtx2 二维矩阵卷积T = convmtx2(H,m,n) T = convmtx2(H,[m n])convn n维卷积C = convn(A,B)C = convn(A,B,'shape')filter2 二维线性滤波Y = filter2(h,X)Y = filter2(h,X,shape)fspecial 创建预定义滤波器h = fspecial(type)h = fspecial(type,parameters)imfilter 多维图像滤波B = imfilter(A,H)B = imfilter(A,H,option1,option2,...)表8 线性二维滤波器设计函数函数功能语法freqspace 确定二维频率响应的频率空间[f1,f2] = freqspace(n)[f1,f2] = freqspace([m n])[x1,y1] = freqspace(...,'meshgrid')f = freqspace(N)f = freqspace(N,'whole')freqz2 计算二维频率响应[H,f1,f2] = freqz2(h,n1,n2) [H,f1,f2] = freqz2(h,[n2 n1]) [H,f1,f2] = freqz2(h)[H,f1,f2] = freqz2(h,f1,f2) [...] = freqz2(h,...,[dx dy]) [...] = freqz2(h,...,dx)freqz2(...)fsamp2 用频率采样法设计二维FIR滤波器h = fsamp2(Hd)h = fsamp2(f1,f2,Hd,[m n])ftrans2 通过频率转换法设计二维FIR滤波器h = ftrans2(b,t)h = ftrans2(b)fwind1 用一维窗口方法设计二维FIR滤波器h = fwind1(Hd,win)h = fwind1(Hd,win1,win2)h = fwind1(f1,f2,Hd,...)fwind2 用二维窗口方法设计二维FIR滤波器h = fwind2(Hd,win)h = fwind2(f1,f2,Hd,win)表9 图像变换函数函数功能语法dct2 进行二维离散余弦变换B = dct2(A)B = dct2(A,m,n) B = dct2(A,[m n])dctmtx 计算离散余弦变换矩阵 D = dctmtx(n)fft2 进行二维快速傅立叶变换Y = fft2(X)Y = fft2(X,m,n)fftn 进行n维快速傅立叶变换Y = fftn(X)Y = fftn(X,siz)fftshift 转换快速傅立叶变换的输出象限Y = fftshift(X)Y = fftshift(X,dim)idct2 计算二维逆离散余弦变换B = idct2(A)B = idct2(A,m,n) B = idct2(A,[m n])ifft2 计算二维逆快速傅立叶变换Y = ifft2(X)Y = ifft2(X,m,n)y = ifft2(..., 'nonsymmetric') y = ifft2(..., 'nonsymmetric')ifftn 计算n维逆快速傅立叶变换Y = ifftn(X)Y = ifftn(X,siz)y = ifftn(..., 'nonsymmetric') y = ifftn(..., 'nonsymmetric')iradon 逆Radon变换I = iradon(R,theta)I = iradon(R, theta, interp, filter, frequency_scaling, output_size)[I,H] = iradon(...)phantom 产生一个头部幻影图像P = phantom(def,n) P = phantom(E,n) [P,E] = phantom(...)radon 计算Radon变换R=radon(I,theta) [R,xp]=radon(…)fanbeam 计算扇形投影变换F = fanbeam(I,D)F = fanbeam(...,param1,val1,param1,val2,...) [F,sensor_positions,fan_rotation_angles] = fanbeam(...)表10 边沿和块处理函数函数功能语法bestblk 确定进行块操作的块大小siz = bestblk([m n],k) [mb,nb] = bestblk([m n],k)blkproc 实现图像的非重叠（distinct）块操作B = blkproc(A,[m n],fun)B = blkproc(A,[m n],fun,P1,P2,...)B=blkproc(A,[m n],[mborder nborder], fun, ...)B = blkproc(A,'indexed',...)col2im 将矩阵的列重新组织到块中A = col2im(B,[m n],[mm nn], block_type) A = col2im(B,[m n],[mm nn])colfilt 利用列相关函数进行边沿操作B = colfilt(A,[m n],block_type,fun)B = colfilt(A,[m n],block_type,fun,P1,P2,...)B = colfilt(A, [m n], [mblock nblock],block_type, fun,...)B = colfilt(A,'indexed',...)im2col 重调图像块为列B = im2col(A,[m n],block_type) B = im2col(A,[m n])B = im2col(A,'indexed',...)nlfilter 通用滑动邻域操作B = nlfilter(A,[m n],fun)B = nlfilter(A,[m n],fun,P1,P2,...)B = nlfilter(A,'indexed',...)表11 图像形态学操作函数函数功能语法applylut 在二值图像中利用查找表进行邻域操作A = applylut(BW,LUT)bwarea 计算二值图像的对象面积total = bwarea(BW) bweuler 计算二值图像的欧拉数eul = bweuler(BW,n)bwhitmiss 执行二值图像的击中和击不中操作BW2 = bwhitmiss(BW1,SE1,SE2)BW2 = bwhitmiss(BW1,INTERV AL)bwlabel 标注二值图像中已连接的部分L = bwlabel(BW,n)[L,num] = bwlabel(BW,n)bwmorph 二值图像的通用形态学操作BW2 = bwmorph(BW,operation) BW2 = bwmorph(BW,operation,n)bwperim 计算二值图像中对象的周长BW2 = bwperim(BW1)BW2 = bwperim(BW1,CONN)bwselect 在二值图像中选择对象BW2 = bwselect(BW,c,r,n)BW2 = bwselect(BW,n)[BW2,idx] = bwselect(...)BW2 = bwselect(x,y,BW,xi,yi,n) [x,y,BW2,idx,xi,yi] = bwselect(...)makelut 创建用于applylut函数的查找表lut = makelut(fun,n)lut = makelut(fun,n,P1,P2,...)bwdist 距离变换D = bwdist(BW)[D,L] = bwdist(BW)[D,L] = bwdist(BW,METHOD)imbothat 执行形态学的闭包运算IM2 = imbothat(IM,SE)IM2 = imbothat(IM,NHOOD)imclose 图像的闭运算IM2 = imclose(IM,SE)IM2 = imclose(IM,NHOOD)imopen 图像的开运算IM2 = imopen(IM,SE)IM2 = imopen(IM,NHOOD)imdilate 图像的膨胀IM2 = imdilate(IM,SE)IM2 = imdilate(IM,NHOOD)IM2 = imdilate(IM,SE,PACKOPT) IM2 = imdilate(...,PADOPT)imerode 图像的腐蚀IM2 = imerode(IM,SE)IM2 = imerode(IM,NHOOD)IM2 = imerode(IM,SE,PACKOPT,M) IM2 = imerode(...,PADOPT)imfill 填充图像区域BW2 = imfill(BW,locations)BW2 = imfill(BW,'holes')I2 = imfill(I)BW2 = imfill(BW)[BW2 locations] = imfill(BW)BW2 = imfill(BW,locations,CONN) BW2 = imfill(BW,CONN,'holes')I2 = imfill(I,CONN)imtophat 用开运算后的图像减去原图像IM2 = imtophat(IM,SE)IM2 = imtophat(IM,NHOOD)strel 创建形态学结构元素SE = strel(shape,parameters)表12 区域处理函数函数功能语法roicolor 选择感兴趣的颜色区BW = roicolor(A,low,high) BW = roicolor(A,v)roifill 在图像的任意区域中进行平滑插补J = roifill(I,c,r)J = roifill(I)J = roifill(I,BW)[J,BW] = roifill(...)J = roifill(x,y,I,xi,yi)[x,y,J,BW,xi,yi] = roifill(...)roifilt2 滤波特定区域J = roifilt2(h,I,BW)J = roifilt2(I,BW,fun)J = roifilt2(I,BW,fun,P1,P2,...)roipoly 选择一个感兴趣的多边形区域BW = roipoly(I,c,r)BW = roipoly(I)BW = roipoly(x,y,I,xi,yi)[BW,xi,yi] = roipoly(...)[x,y,BW,xi,yi] = roipoly(...)表13 图像代数操作函数功能语法imadd 加运算Z = imadd(X,Y) imsubtract 减运算Z = imsubtract(X,Y) immultiply 乘运算Z = immultiply(X,Y) imdivide 除运算Z = imdivide(X,Y)表14 颜色空间转换函数函数功能语法hsv2rgb 转换HSV的值为RGB颜色空间M = hsv2rgb(H)ntsc2rgb 转换NTSC的值为RGB颜色空间rgbmap = ntsc2rgb(yiqmap)RGB = ntsc2rgb(YIQ)rgb2hsv 转换RGB的值为HSV颜色空间cmap = rgb2hsv(M)rgb2ntsc 转换RGB的值为NTSC颜色空间yiqmap = rgb2ntsc(rgbmap)YIQ = rgb2ntsc(RGB)rgb2ycbcr 转换RGB的值为YCbCr颜色空间ycbcrmap = rgb2ycbcr(rgbmap)YCBCR = rgb2ycbcr(RGB)ycbcr2rgb 转换YCbCr的值为RGB颜色空间rgbmap = ycbcr2rgb(ycbcrmap)RGB = ycbcr2rgb(YCBCR)表15 图像类型和类型转换函数函数功能语法dither 通过抖动增加外观颜色分辨率，转换图像X = dither(RGB,map)BW = dither(I)gray2ind 转换灰度图像为索引色图像[X,map] = gray2ind(I,n) [X,map] = gray2ind(BW,n)grayslice 从灰度图像为索引色图像X = grayslice(I,n) X = grayslice(I,v)im2bw 转换图像为二值图像BW = im2bw(I,level)BW = im2bw(X,map,level) BW = im2bw(RGB,level)im2double 转换图像矩阵为双精度类型I2 = im2double(I)RGB2 = im2double(RGB)I = im2double(BW)X2 = im2double(X,'indexed')double 转换数据为双精度类型double(X) uint8 转换数据为8位无符号整型I = uint8(X)im2uint8 转换图像阵列为8位为无符号整型I2 = im2uint8(I)RGB2 = im2uint8(RGB)I = im2uint8(BW)X2 = im2uint8(X,'indexed')im2uint16 转换图像阵列为16位为无符号整型I2 = im2uint16(I)RGB2 = im2uint16(RGB)I = im2uint16(BW)X2 = im2uint16(X,'indexed')uint16 转换数据为16位无符号整型I = uint16(X)ind2gray 转换索引色图像为灰度图像I = ind2gray(X,map)ind2rgb 转换索引色图像为RGB图像RGB = ind2rgb(X,map)isbw 判断是否为二值图像flag = isbw(A) isgray 判断是否为灰度图像flag = isgray(A) isind 判断是否为索引色图像flag = isind(A) isrgb 判断是否为RGB图像flag = isrgb(A)mat2gray 转换矩阵为灰度图像I = mat2gray(A,[amin amax]) I = mat2gray(A)rgb2gray 转换RGB图像或颜色映射表为灰度图像I = rgb2gray(RGB)newmap = rgb2gray(map)rgb2ind 转换RGB图像为索引色图像[X,map] = rgb2ind(RGB,tol)[X,map] = rgb2ind(RGB,n)X = rgb2ind(RGB,map)[...] = rgb2ind(...,dither_option)表A.16 图像复原函数函数功能语法deconvwnr 用维纳滤波复原图像J = deconvwnr(I,PSF)J = deconvwnr(I,PSF,NSR)J = deconvwnr(I,PSF,NCORR,ICORR)deconvreg 用最小约束二乘滤波复原图像J = deconvreg(I,PSF)J = deconvreg(I,PSF,NOISEPOWER)J = deconvreg(I, PSF, NOISEPOWER,LRANGE )J = deconvreg(I, PSF, NOISEPOWER,LRANGE, REGOP)[J, LAGRA] = deconvreg(I,PSF,...)deconvlucy 用Richardson-Lucy滤波复原图像J = deconvlucy(I,PSF)J = deconvlucy(I,PSF,NUMIT)J = deconvlucy(I,PSF,NUMIT,DAMPAR)J = deconvlucy(I, PSF, NUMIT, DAMPAR,WEIGHT)J = deconvlucy(I, PSF, NUMIT, DAMPAR,WEIGHT, READOUT)J = deconvlucy(I, PSF, NUMIT, DAMPAR,WEIGHT, READOUT, SUBSMPL)deconvblind 用盲卷积滤波复原图像[J,PSF] = deconvblind(I,INITPSF)[J,PSF] = deconvblind(I,INITPSF,NUMIT) [J,PSF] = deconvblind(I, INITPSF, NUMIT, DAMPAR)[J,PSF] = deconvblind(I, INITPSF, NUMIT, DAMPAR, WEIGHT)[J,PSF] = deconvblind(I, INITPSF, NUMIT, DAMPAR, WEIGHT, READOUT )[J,PSF] = deconvblind(..., FUN, P1, P2, ..., PN)。