专业英语题集

名词互译

Churchill 丘吉尔

Ch'in empire 秦帝国

Nanking government 南京政府

central authority 中央权威

fiscal system 财政体系

Tribute system 封贡体系

Mandate of Heaven 君权神授

Peking government 北京政府

Warlord 军阀

Bourgeoisie 资产阶级

Government structure 政府结构

Cabinet 内阁

Parliament 议会、国会

Militarism 军事主义

Alsace-lorraine 阿尔萨斯-洛林

Triple Entente 三国协约

Warring States period 战国时期

five-zone theory 五服论

Utopia 乌托邦

May Fourth movement 五四运动

gentry-literati 官绅

self-strengthening movement 自强运动

Economic nationalism 经济民族主义

Ch'ing dynasty 清代

Kuomintang 国民党

Manchurian incident 满洲里事件

KMT-CCP conflict 国共冲突

Socialist construction 社会主义建设

1st Five-Year Plan 一五计划

The Hundred Flowers Campaign 百花齐放运动

The Anti-Rightist Campaign 反右运动

Sino-Indian border 中印边界

Bandung Conference 万隆会议

Sino-Soviet split 中苏分裂

The Gang of Four 四人帮

Exclusion policy 闭关政策

Coexistence 共存

socio-economic development 社会经济发展

macro-economic setting 宏观经济背景

tax collection 税收

Commercialization 商业化

Literary Inquisitions 文字狱

Frontier defense 边防

Opium War 鸦片战争

Handicraft industry 手工业

Anglo-Japanese Alliance 英日同盟

Taoism 道家

Buddhism 佛教

European community 欧盟

Renaissance 文艺复兴

protectorate保护国

non-aligned countries 不结盟国家

Near East 近东

territorial integrity 领土完整

trusteeship 托管制度

Zionism 犹太复国主义

genocide 种族灭绝

metropolitan state 宗主国

to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端

Hakka 客家人

central soviet area中央苏区

New Deal 新政

multidisciplinary research 跨学科研究

the Great Leap Forward 大跃进

Cultural diversity 文化多样性

Social—psychological factors 社会心理因素

Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义

Mukden Incident 沈阳事件

Korean peninsula 朝鲜半岛

Formosa 福摩萨（台湾）

The Kiangsi Soviet Republic 江西苏维埃

Tung Chung-Shu 董仲舒

Mao Tse Tung 毛泽东

Chiang Kai-shek 蒋介石

Yuan Shih-k'ai 袁世凯

Tsunyi Conference. 遵义会议

protectorate （被）保护国

asylum 庇护；避难

status quo 现状

developing countries 发展中国家

détente, 缓和

Commericial Revolution 商业革命

Humanism 人道主义

enclosure movement 圈地运动 Glorious Revolution 光荣革命

F.DR. 罗斯福

Vienna System 维也纳体系

Yalta system 雅尔塔体系

The League of Nations 国联

The Security Council 安理会

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北约

economic globalization 经济全球化

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation， APEC 亚太经济合作组织

WTO国际贸易组织

IMF 国际货币基金组织

Association of South East Asian Nations 东盟"

Extraterritoriality 治外法权

balance of power 均势

sphere of influence 势力范围

V E Day 欧洲胜利日 Appeasement policy绥靖政策

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 关税贸易总协定

翻译部分：

But if the Han Chinese were not Sino centric in the geographical sense,

they were indeed Sino centric in the politico-cultural sense. For the order of the

world as a whole was never their concern; rather, they were concerned with the

establishment and maintenance of the Chinese world order, which was by

definition sinocentric. The Han Chinese world order not only existed as an idea,

but, more important, also expressed itself in an institutional form.

但如果汉族没有处于中心的地理意义，他们确实是嘉汉中心在政客的文

化意义。对于作为一个整体的世界来说从来没有他们的担忧；相反，他们关心的是建立和维护中国的世界秩序。汉人世界秩序不仅仅只是一个想法，更重要的是。它也表示自己内在的机构形式。

Central to the institutional expressions of the Han understanding of

world order is the development of the famous tributary system. It is true that

certain prototypical tributary practices can be traced back even to the Shang

period. But there can be little doubt that the institutionalization of such

practices and their systematic application in the realm of foreign relations was

a unique Han contribution. The reason is not far to seek: the problems of

foreign relations faced by the Han empire were fundamentally different in

nature from those of pre-imperial China. New relations required new

institutional expressions.

中央集权制度表达之下的世界秩序的发展是著名的朝贡体系。的确,某些典型的支流实践甚至可以追溯到商时期。但毫无疑问,这种制度化的做法和他们系统的应用领域之下的外交关系是汉族贡献的一个独特存在。原因不难找到:

汉帝国面临的外交关系的问题从根本上不同于前帝国的中国。新关系需要新的机构表达方式。

This discussion should not be taken as an assertion that the Han

government succeeded completely in imposing the Chinese tributary system on

non-Chinese peoples. It is intended only to show that the Han Chinese did have

a clear vision of a Chinese world order based on inner-outer distinctions, and