备战2023年高考英语考点一遍过考点07动词和动词短语含解析
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高考英语动词知识点解析含答案(7)一、选择题1.In only 10 years, our province has been _________ into an advanced industrial province. A.transformed B.entered C.regarded D.issued2.What a woman! I just wonder how she manages to keep smiling after all that she has ______. A.figured out B.made upC.taken away D.gone through3.Our food and drink are ________.I will go to the supermarket to get more.A.using up B.running outC.running out of D.running away4.Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she ________ it with hard wor k.A.goes back on B.takes away from C.makes up for D.catches up with 5.According to some research, ___________the Internet can make us less creativeA.being addicted to B.being opposed toC.being attached to D.being adjusted to6.People believe that when Fu __________upside down, happiness arrives.A.is surrounded by B.is swept C.is attached D.is attracted 7.The teachers_______ themselves in planning out the work of the coming semester. A.occupied B.operated C.arranged D.employed 8.Brought up in China, Mary found it quite difficult to______ the life in America.A.go with B.fit for C.live up to D.fit in with 9.Several villages were________from the outside world,for all roads to those villages were destroyed.A.cut up B.cut out C.cut off D.cut through 10.My pa rents will not ______ my birthday party if I don’t do well in my next test.A.agree to B.allow for C.approve of D.object to11.It's said that our mental abilities begin to _______ from the age 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.A.differ B.depress C.distribute D.decline 12.Dozens were killed while fighting a fire that ______ this summer.A.broke in B.broke out C.broke up D.broke down 13.My father__________ me against getting up late again, or he would punish me. A.cautioned B.accused C.counted D.advanced 14.With winter _____, the weather gets colder and colder.A.appearing B.approaching C.leaving D.passing15.6.I don’t like the newspaper __________ people’s love of scandal(丑行)A.catering to B.catered to C.fitting in D.fitted in 16.After the clock _____ twelve, the students walked out of the lecture room.A.beat B.hit C.struck D.rang17.The man was sentenced to prison for five years because he had _____ some national secrets to the enemy.A.given in B.given away C.given out D.given off 18.Some good habits at young ages help to_________ our character in later life.A.pass B.reduce C.revise D.form19.The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to ____________ its reality.A.make up B.figure outC.look through D.put off20.Mi ke didn’t play football yesterday because he had ________his leg.A.damaged B.hurtC.hit D.struck21.Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house ______ his personality.A.remember B.strengthensC.reflects D.shapes22.With no one to________ in such a frightening situation,she felt very helpless.A.turn to B.turn on C.turn off D.turn over 23.—Would you please____________ that book on the floor?—OK!A.pick up B.make up C.take up D.turn up 24.—Hi, sir, may I __ seats with you? I want to sit next to my mother. —With pleasure. A.give B.take C.exchange D.have25.He fell in love__________Mary and asked her to marry__________him.A.to;with B.with;toC.with;with D.with;/【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.A解析:A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。
高考英语动词知识点知识点总复习含答案(7)一、选择题1.I don't _______ stress, for I'm a kid and my parents are holding up all the pressure for me. A.suffer from B.differ from C.protect from D.come from 2.Dozens were killed while fighting a fire that ______ this summer.A.broke in B.broke out C.broke up D.broke down 3.According to a review of 56 studies the more a person is________to classical music as a child,the better he can control his mood as a grown-up.A.revealed B.exposed C.proposed D.reminded 4.Kathy _________ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.A.picked up B.took upC.made up D.turned up5.The desks and seats can be ____________ the height of any child.A.adapted with B.adapted to C.adjusted with D.adjusted to 6.Our food and drink are ________.I will go to the supermarket to get more.A.using up B.running outC.running out of D.running away7.People ________ much more by their gestures than by their words.A.give up B.give off C.give away D.give out 8.After she found she had lost the car, she and her husband ______ to find it.A.made up their minds B.made their mindsC.made up our minds D.made minds9.I think a cold drink can_______you after the long journey in such hot weather. A.recover B.reward C.relieve D.refresh10.As soon as she arrived home,she_____tidying up the room.A.set about B.set out C.set down D.set off 11.Throughout the last decade, more parks _____ with the goal of creating natural settings in urban environments.A.linked up B.swelled up C.split up D.sprang up 12.—Shall I get you something to drink?—Thanks, but don’t _____. I have to leave now.A.make B.annoy C.disturb D.bother13.In many countries, people_________ fireworks to celebrate their traditional festivals. A.let off B.put off C.give off D.go off14.It’s already 10:00, I w onder how it _______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. A.came over B.came out C.came about D.came up 15.According to some research, ___________the Internet can make us less creative A.being addicted to B.being opposed toC.being attached to D.being adjusted to16.The teachers_______ themselves in planning out the work of the coming semester. A.occupied B.operated C.arranged D.employed17.Brought up in China, Mary found it quite difficult to______ the life in America.A.go with B.fit for C.live up to D.fit in with18.As a great team leader. Yao Ming has got to think that he’s the best player out there. That way, he can______the game.A.defend B.confirm C.attain D.dominate19.As for his advantages, he has 20 years’ teaching experience to _______.A.draw on B.draw back C.draw up D.draw in20.I ________ you an apology for what I said this morning. Anyway, I meant no offence. A.owe B.make C.demand D.accept21.In only 10 years, our province has been _________ into an advanced industrial province. A.transformed B.entered C.regarded D.issued22.After graduation, Jane_________ her job as a volunteer teacher in the countryside.A.set out B.set up C.took up D.took over 23.Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through winter sleep.A.build up B.pack up C.bring up D.take up24.As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to_________ the problem.A.handle B.raiseC.face D.present25.Audiences are ______ turn off the phones or put them on silence before the lecture. A.reminded to B.opposed to C.adapted to D.sentenced to【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.A解析:A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。
考点巩固卷01 非谓语动词2023年高考真题1.【2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ____41____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____42____ (build) system of ring roads.... ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered.【41题详解】考查介词。
句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至从它的布局来看,这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。
根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,空处和上文保持一致,表示“从……到……”,用介词to。
故填to。
【46题详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。
2023高考英语知识点总结(全)1. 语法知识点1.1 时态和语态- 现在简单时态:表示经常性或普遍真理,如:I go to school every day.- 过去简单时态:表示过去某个时间的动作或状态,如:She visited her grandparents last weekend.- 现在进行时态:表示现在正在进行的动作,如:They are playing football in the park.- 过去进行时态:表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,如:I was studying when my sister called.- 现在完成时态:表示过去某个时间发生的动作对现在造成的影响,如:I have finished my homework.- 过去完成时态:表示过去某个时间或动作之前发生的动作,如:He had already eaten when I arrived.1.2 句型和句子结构- 简单句:由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子,如:She runs fast.- 并列句:由两个或多个并列连接词连接的句子构成,如:Ilike apples and oranges.- 宾语从句:作为动词的宾语的从句,如:He asked where she lived.2. 阅读技巧2.1 掌握词汇- 提高词汇量是阅读的基础,要学会通过上下文猜测词义。
- 多阅读不同类型的材料,包括新闻、文学作品、科技文章等。
2.2 理解文章结构- 阅读时要注意文章的开头、主体和结尾,以帮助理解文章的整体意思。
- 注意段落之间的连接词和过渡词,以帮助理解文章的逻辑关系。
3. 写作技巧3.1 基本写作结构- 写作时要有明确的引言、主体和结论。
- 引言部分要引起读者的兴趣,主体部分要有明确的论点和支持性论据,结论部分要总结文章内容并提出观点。
3.2 提高句子表达能力- 使用多样化的句子结构,如并列句、复合句、强调句等。
2023年高考英语重要的考点知识点归纳高考英语重点语法知识助动词1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。
被协助的动词称作主要动词。
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。
例如:He doesn′t like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn′t是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:a. 表示时态。
例如:He is singing. 他在唱歌。
(北京安通学校提供)He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态。
例如:He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句。
例如:Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句。
例如:I don′t like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气。
例如:Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。
3 助动词be的用法1) be +现在分词,构成进行时态。
例如:They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。
English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。
(北京安通学校提供)2) be + 过去分词,构成被动语态。
例如:The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。
高考英语必背语法知识点什么是副词?指出句中的副词:1. You are standing near the camera.. Can you move a little farther?a little修饰副词“farther”表示程度 farther修饰动词“move”表示方式2. Miss Long usually goes to school by bus. usually修饰动词goes,表示频度频率3. The two old passengers fell into the sea. Unfortunately, neither of them could swim. Unfortunately修饰整个句子4. I won’t go with you. It’s much too hot today. much too修饰形容词,表示程度修饰形容词hot,修饰形容词高中英语语法知识整理1.一般现在时:一般现在时大多用动词原形来表示。
高考英语动词知识点全集汇编含答案(7)一、选择题1.As for his advantages, he has 20 years’ teaching experience to _______.A.draw on B.draw back C.draw up D.draw in 2.Dozens were killed while fighting a fire that ______ this summer.A.broke in B.broke out C.broke up D.broke down 3.According to a review of 56 studies the more a person is________to classical music as a child,the better he can control his mood as a grown-up.A.revealed B.exposed C.proposed D.reminded4.My camera can be________to take pictures in cloudy and sunny conditions.A.adapted B.adjusted C.adopted D.admitted 5.Stars ___________ their own light, while planets only ___________ the light.A.give off; reflect B.give away; reflect C.reflect; give off D.reflect; give away 6.The desks and seats can be ____________ the height of any child.A.adapted with B.adapted to C.adjusted with D.adjusted to 7.Our food and drink are ________.I will go to the supermarket to get more.A.using up B.running outC.running out of D.running away8.There is a terrible smell in the room. Please open the window to ________it.A.get away B.get off C.get over D.get rid of9.It suddenly _______ to me that we could use a computer to do the job.A.took place B.happened C.occurred D.was occurred 10.I think a cold drink can_______you after the long journey in such hot weather. A.recover B.reward C.relieve D.refresh 11.Nothing matches face-to-face communication in _____thoughts, emotions and information. A.concluding B.containing C.confusing D.conveying 12.—Shall I get you something to drink?—Th anks, but don’t _____. I have to leave now.A.make B.annoy C.disturb D.bother 13.Small kindness,if______,can make a big difference to shape a better world. A.exchanged B.simplified C.multiplied D.advertised 14.We can’t be _________ by investment projects p romising to make you a millionaire overnight.A.taken over B.taken on C.taken up D.taken in 15.We had lots of good applicants for the job, but one _________ from the rest.A.made out B.stood out C.picked out D.figured out 16.He fell in love__________Mary and asked her to marry__________him.A.to;with B.with;toC.with;with D.with;/17.I ________ you an apology for what I said this morning. Anyway, I meant no offence. A.owe B.make C.demand D.accept18.After the clock _____ twelve, the students walked out of the lecture room.A.beat B.hit C.struck D.rang19.Some good habits at young ages help to_________ our character in later life.A.pass B.reduce C.revise D.form20.After graduation, Jane_________ her job as a volunteer teacher in the countryside.A.set out B.set up C.took up D.took over 21.Mike didn’t play football yesterday because he had ________his leg.A.damaged B.hurtC.hit D.struck22.Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house ______ his personality.A.remember B.strengthensC.reflects D.shapes23.With no one to________ in such a frightening situation,she felt very helpless.A.turn to B.turn on C.turn off D.turn over24.As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to_________ the problem.A.handle B.raiseC.face D.present25.I don't _______ stress, for I'm a kid and my parents are holding up all the pressure for me. A.suffer from B.differ from C.protect from D.come from【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.A解析:A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。
考点07 动词和动词短语高考频度:★★★★★英语动词根据其意义和句法作用,可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。
实义动词又称行为动词,为表示动作或状态的动词,可以单独充当句子的谓语,实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成,在句中起动词的作用。
高考设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语词意的辨析及其理解和运用能力。
考向一常用动词辨析1.advise,persuade,suggestadvise用作及物动词,表示"劝告,忠告,建议",强调提醒或引起注意;persuade表示"说服",强调劝说成功,主要搭配是:persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事(相当于persuade sb. into doing sth.);如表示劝说但不一定成功,则使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。
suggest用作及物动词,意为"建议",后接名词、代词、动名词或从句,从句中的谓语用"should+动词原形",should可以省略。
2.bring,take,carry,fetchbring"带来,拿来,取来",强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地。
take"拿走,带走",强调把人或物从说话者身边带走,方向与bring相反。
fetch"去拿来,去取来",强调从甲地出发到乙地取物或人后,又回到甲地,相当于go and bring。
carry"携带,搬运,运送",强调用人力或车辆把人或物从一地运到另一地。
3.win,beat,defeatwin表示"赢得,战胜"时,宾语多是比赛项目等。
win sb.则指"赢得人心"。
beat/defeat意为"打败,击败",其宾语只能是人或由人组成的机构。
如:beat sb.打败某人;defeat their team/ the country/the enemy击败了他们的队/国家/敌人。
高考英语一轮复习考点07动词的时态和语态【命题趋势】1. 语法填空以时态的考查为主,语态的考查为辅。
2. 在语法填空中侧重考查一般时,进行时及完成时。
3. 动词的时态和语态是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目。
考题创设的语境比较明确,通常是根据所设置的语境中的信息判断时态以及主谓语之间的主谓或动宾关系。
【名师指导】1. 了解并能正确运用常考的11种时态;2. 熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态;3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别,如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般时do / does did shall/will do should/would do进行时am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing完成时have/has did had did shall/will have did should/would have did完成进行时have/has beendoinghad been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing考向1 一般时一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。
一、一般现在时1. 一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。
主语是第三人称单数时,动词后面要加-s或-es。
☞They want good jobs.他们想要好的工作。
☞The coat matches the dress.外衣和裙子很相配。
☞This work does not satisfy me.这项工作我不满意。
☞Do you understand?你懂了吗?2. 一般现在时的用法①一般现在时的基本用法a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态☞He always takes a walk after supper.晚饭后他总是散散步。
专题01动词的时态及语态时态知识梳理重点用法1一般现在时用法:1.be(am,is,are)动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。
行为动词的第三人称单数加-s/es,其余人称用动词原形。
I am free tonight.我今晚有空。
The boy is ten years old.这个男孩10岁了。
They are students.他们是学生。
Bill often helps others.We like him a lot.比尔总是帮助他人。
我们很喜欢他。
2.表示经常、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。
It often rains in our city.我们的城市经常下雨。
3.表示普遍真理和客观真实。
The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
4.表示心理状态或情感的动词往往用一般现在时。
She hates rock music.她讨厌摇滚乐。
5.在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
I will call on you as soon as I am free.我空闲时会去拜访你。
提示:一般现在时可以用来代替一般将来时,表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作,句中常有表示将来时间的状语。
这一用法主要用于下列动词,如果arrive(到达),be(是),begin(开始),come(来到),go(去),leave(离开),reach(到达),start(出发)等。
The train leaves at eight o’clock.火车8点钟开车。
注意:一般现在时常用的时间状语有:today今天often经常always一直sometimes有时usually通常seldom很少on Sunday在星期天every day/week/morning每天/每周/每天早上重点用法2一般过去时用法:1.be(was/were)动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。
行为动词都要用过去式。
高考英语动词知识点图文解析(7)一、选择题1.All the students ________ laughter when John walked into the classroom like Donald Duck. A.burst into B.broke out C.burst out D.broke up 2.Stars ___________ their own light, while planets only ___________ the light.A.give off; reflect B.give away; reflect C.reflect; give off D.reflect; give away 3.The accused man ___________ himself innocent.A.conducted B.abolished C.resigned D.declared4.One of the secretary’s jobs is to ___________ letters and mails.A.help out B.dry out C.sort out D.stick out5.Our food and drink are ________.I will go to the supermarket to get more.A.using up B.running outC.running out of D.running away6.Try to ________ the children’s school life so that they won’t get bored.A.differ B.change C.describe D.vary7.It suddenly _______ to me that we could use a computer to do the job.A.took place B.happened C.occurred D.was occurred 8.The new movie is so popular that it___to be one of the biggest money makers of all time. A.promises B.regards C.pretends D.supposes9.______himself to alcohol,the man seldom cared about his family.A.Adjusting B.Approaching C.Abandoning D.Acknowledging 10.Throughout the last decade, more parks _____ with the goal of creating natural settings in urban environments.A.linked up B.swelled up C.split up D.sprang up 11.Nothing matches face-to-face communication in _____thoughts, emotions and information. A.concluding B.containing C.confusing D.conveying 12.—Shall I get you something to drink?—Thanks, but don’t _____. I have to leave now.A.make B.annoy C.disturb D.bother 13.People believe that when Fu __________upside down, happiness arrives.A.is surrounded by B.is swept C.is attached D.is attracted 14.The music played by Lang Lang _____ very pleasing to the ear.A.sounds B.hears C.listens D.listens to15.Mr Slanter, my literature teacher, to whom I_________a lot of thanks for my achievement in the art careers will be retired next month.A.own B.owe C.offer D.award16.The man was sentenced to prison for five years because he had _____ some national secrets to the enemy.A.given in B.given away C.given out D.given off 17.Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house ______ his personality.A.remember B.strengthensC.reflects D.shapes18.—I’m still working on my project.—Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is _________.A.running out B.going outC.giving out D.losing out19.I used to quarrel a lot with my parents,but now we________fine.A.look out B.stay upC.carry on D.get along20.—Would you please____________ that book on the floor?—OK!A.pick up B.make up C.take up D.turn up21.Try not to start every sentence with “the”. ______ the beginnings of your sentences. A.Vary B.Decorate C.Form D.Describe22.We can’t be _________ by investment projects promising to make you a millionaire overnight.A.taken over B.taken on C.taken up D.taken in23.Only one child of the thirty passengers in the plane _____ after the air crash.A.survived B.starved C.shouted D.shook24.The apartments in the city center are always expensive. I can’t _____ one with all my money. A.take B.afford C.supply D.support 25.Before Spring Festival, I often ________ to clean the house from top to bottom.A.make an effort B.make up for C.sweep off D.put up decoration 【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.A解析:A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语。
考点15 非谓语动词(三)近年来,高考对非谓语动词的可知主要集中在非谓语动词的句法功能(作宾语、主语、补语,表语和状语);现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析;现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成;现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联和状语系和纽带作用等。
另外,对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能。
预测2023年高考非谓语动词仍将是考查的重点热点。
非谓语动词在语法填空、短文改错中必考点。
考查其句法功能;考查V-ing与V-ed的辨析仍然是重点。
1. 非谓语动词的基本用法和含义;2. 非谓语动词的时态和语态;3. 非谓语动词的句法功能;4. 非谓语动词在不同的语境、语意下的运用。
考向六非谓语动词作宾补advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, order, prefer, remind, reqire, teach , tell, want, wish, call on, 等The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 医生警告他不要吃太多肉。
注意:1.think, consider, believe suppose, feel, find, imagine, prove, appoint, jugde等后常用“to be" 作宾补/主补。
People considered him to be a great leader.人们认为他是一位伟大的领袖。
2. fear, excuse/forgive, refuse, punish, suggest/propose, agree/aprove,inform, welcome,accompany,blame, insist/persist, hope, arrange, demand, thank, congratulate, prevent 等后不能使用不定式作宾补。
考点07 动词和动词短语高考频度:★★★★★英语动词根据其意义和句法作用,可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。
实义动词又称行为动词,为表示动作或状态的动词,可以单独充当句子的谓语,实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成,在句中起动词的作用。
高考设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语词意的辨析及其理解和运用能力。
考向一常用动词辨析1.advise,persuade,suggestadvise用作及物动词,表示"劝告,忠告,建议",强调提醒或引起注意;persuade表示"说服",强调劝说成功,主要搭配是:persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事(相当于persuade sb. into doing sth.);如表示劝说但不一定成功,则使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。
suggest用作及物动词,意为"建议",后接名词、代词、动名词或从句,从句中的谓语用"should+动词原形",should可以省略。
2.bring,take,carry,fetchbring"带来,拿来,取来",强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地。
take"拿走,带走",强调把人或物从说话者身边带走,方向与bring相反。
fetch"去拿来,去取来",强调从甲地出发到乙地取物或人后,又回到甲地,相当于go and bring。
carry"携带,搬运,运送",强调用人力或车辆把人或物从一地运到另一地。
3.win,beat,defeatwin表示"赢得,战胜"时,宾语多是比赛项目等。
win sb.则指"赢得人心"。
beat/defeat意为"打败,击败",其宾语只能是人或由人组成的机构。
如:beat sb.打败某人;defeat their team/ the country/the enemy击败了他们的队/国家/敌人。
beat多用于表示在比赛或争论中战胜对手;defeat多用于在战争中打败对手。
4.believe,believe inbelieve表示"相信,认为",侧重于相信某人说的话或所做事情的真实性,其后可跟名词、代词、不定式的复合结构或宾语从句。
believe in表示"相信,信任,信仰,信奉",其后常接真理、宗教、原则之类的名词。
☞You should believe in yourself and believe that you will succeed one day. 你应该相信自己,并且相信某天你将会成功的。
5.book,order二者都有"订购,预订"之意,但book指订各种"票,座位";而order指"餐馆订饭、菜,定做衣服,订货"等,常用结构:place an order for sth. with sb.向某人订购某物。
对比:book a ticket/two seats/a double room订一张票/两个座位/一个双人间;order four dishes/ lunch 要四个菜/订好午饭。
☞He booked a table for four and ordered six dishes. 他订了一张四人桌,并且要了六个菜。
6.choose,select,electchoose表示"选择,挑选",有时也表示"推选,选举",但一般表示范围很小、普通的选择,没有elect 正式。
select表示"(精心地)挑选,选定",具有"精选"之意。
elect表示"选举",指较大范围的正式的选举。
7.disturb,interruptdisturb是及物动词,有"打扰,扰乱,使人心神不安"之意。
常用短语:disturb the sleeping child/one’s plan/the public peace打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/扰乱社会治安;be mentally disturbed精神上受到影响;be disturbed about对……感到不安。
interrupt有"打断,打扰"之意,侧重打断。
常用短语:interrupt the supplies中断供应interrupt one’s speech打断演讲8.hurt,injure,wound,harmhurt是一般用语,指精神或肉体上受到的伤害,有较强烈的"疼痛"意味;injure比hurt更正式,常指意外事故对身体或精神上的"损害,损伤";wound主要指外界暴力引起身体创伤,尤指战争中受的刀、枪、剑等伤;harm指对人的肉体或精神带来伤害,特指伤及一个人或其心态、健康、权利、事业等,使之产生痛苦、损失或任何不幸遭遇。
9.miss,losemiss意为"未能赶上(抓住),错过,失去,漏掉"。
而lose意为"丢失,迷失方向,迷路"。
10.fit,be fit for,be fit to,suitfit用作及物或不及物动词,表示"(衣服等)合适,使合身";be fit for是形容词短语,表示"适合的,能胜任的",for后接名词或动名词;befit to表示"适合,能胜任",to是动词不定式符号,后接动词原形。
suit指颜色、款式的"适合",而fit指尺寸、大小的"合适"。
11.save,sparesave意为"储蓄,节省",指把钱、时间及其他东西储蓄起来以备将来用,或指节省东西,避免浪费,也指"救命"。
而spare意为"省",指细心地省下或节省钱、时间、力气等,常表示省出一部分以留作他用。
12.seat,sitseat是及物动词,意思是"使坐下",可以接人作宾语,还可以用于被动语态。
常见搭配有:seat sb.使某人坐下;seat oneself自己坐下;be seated=sit down坐好。
而sit是不及物动词,不能带宾语。
(2018·新课标I卷·完形填空)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars?41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay考向二考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析使用频率较高的这类动词有:call,cut,come,go,get,go,look,put,set,turn,take,pay,pick,make等。
常见的介词或副词有:in,off,out,up,away,for,on,over等。
1.动词+away构成的短语动词有:throw away扔掉put away把……收拾好give away捐赠,分发carry away运走run away 潜逃,跑开go away 走开2.动词+for构成的短语动词有:answer for负责provide for供给all for要求plan for打算,为……计划hope for希望,期待ask for索取,寻找send for派人去请go for努力获取pay for偿还,赔偿3.动词+on构成的短语动词有:try on试穿,试验put on穿上,上演have on穿着,戴着pull on穿,戴hold on不挂断,坚持,继续carry on继续开展,坚持keep on继续go on继续get on上(车)4.动词+over构成的短语动词有:come over过来hand over移交go over仔细检查,复习get over克服,恢复look over检查think over仔细考虑take over接受,接管hand over 移交turn over翻转5.动词+up构成的短语动词有:bring up抚育,培养call up召唤,打电话给come up走上前来,长出cut up切碎fix up修理give up放弃;go up 上升,增长grow up 长大look up尊敬,向上看,查寻make up虚构,弥补,组成put up举起,搭建set up建立,创(纪录)pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到send up发射show up 揭露,露面turn up出现,把……调高一点1. (2018·江苏卷·完形填空)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been___36___ to pay lawyers’ fees.A. drawn upB. used upC. backed upD. kept up 【答案】B2. (2018·天津卷·单项填空)At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave inB. dressed upC. broke inD. turned up【答案】A3.(2017·江苏卷·完形填空)In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, 36(struggling) across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, 37 at school for practice hours 38(before) anyone else had to be there.A. rising upB. coming upC. driving upD. turning up 【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语。
根据" 37 at school for practice hours 38 anyone else"可知,学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时,为了练习弹奏乐器。