(完整版)不定式和动名词做宾语
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动词后接动词不定式/动名词作宾语用法小结动词是英语中最活跃的词性之一,其主要作用是在句中作谓语。
在谓语动词后接动词作宾语时,主要分为两种情况:Ⅰ动词加动词不定式能以不定式做宾语的动词很多,常见的有:want,hope,wonder,wish,agree,try,manager,offer,decide,fail,refuse,ask,pretend,intend,attempt,teach,discuss等。
例如:I have learned to drive the car.They refused to accept my suggestion.He promised to come.Ⅱ动词加动名词在enjoy, appreciate, admit, consider, mind, avoid., miss, can’t help, deny, practise, allow, finish, imagine, forbid, suggest等这些动词之后要求用动名词作宾语。
例如:Have you finished repairing your car?She suggested spending another week in the country.Do you feel like taking a walk.通常要后接动名词作宾语的动词英语中有些动词后接另一个动词作宾语时,通常要用不定式,不用动名词,这类动词主要admit(承认), advise(建议), allow(允许), appreciate(感激), avoid(避免), consider(考虑), delay(推迟), discuss(讨论), dislike(不喜欢), enjoy(喜爱), escape(逃脱), excuse(原谅), fancy(没想到), finish(完成), forbid(禁止), forgive(原谅), give up(放弃), imagine(想像), keep(保持), mention(提及), mind(介意), miss(没赶上), pardon(原谅), permit(允许), practise(练习), prevent(阻止), put off(推迟), report(报告), resist(忍住), risk(冒险), stop(停止), suggest(建议), understand(理解)等。
初中阶段常见接不定式和动名词作宾语的动词:【速记口诀和诠释】三个“希望”两“答应”:hope,wish,want,agree(同意),promise(答应;许诺) 一个“要求”莫“拒绝”:ask,refuse“学会”做“决定”:learn,decide不要“假装”在“选择”:pretend,choose其他:can't wait to do sth(迫不及待要做某事),decide,expect(期待),happen to do sth(碰巧做某事),help(to可省略),offer,plan,refuse,seem,want/would like,【速记口诀】完成实践值得忙,(finish,practice, be worth, be busy)继续习惯别放弃,(keep/continue, be used to ,give up)考虑建议不禁想(consider /think about, suggest, can’t stop/help ,feel like)喜欢思念别介意(enjoy, miss, mind)His suggestion is worth considering.他的建议值得考虑.其它动词:allow ,avoid(避免),discuss,imagine,look forward to,pay attention to,put off ,have difficulty /trouble/problems (in) doing sth,have fun (in) doing sth,have a good time (in) doing sthhave a hard time (in) doing sthI can’t imagine marrying a man like him.我无法想象跟一个像他一样的人结婚。
1、有些动词后面既可接不定式,又可接动名词,其意义基本相同,区别不大。
动词不定式和动名词作主语和宾语的用法动词不定式是动词的不定式形式,通常由“to”加上动词原形构成,例如“to read”、“to eat”等。
动名词是动词的现在分词形式,通常由动词原形加上“-ing”构成,例如“reading”、“eating”等。
动词不定式和动名词在句子中可以作主语和宾语,下面将具体讨论它们在句子中的用法。
动词不定式作主语的情况:1. 表示习惯或常规的动作例如:To exercise regularly is good for your health.(定期锻炼对健康有益。
)2. 表示一种愿望或计划例如:To travel around the world is my dream.(环游世界是我的梦想。
)3. 表示倾向或想法例如:To study hard is important for students.(努力学习对学生很重要。
)动词不定式作宾语的情况:1. 与某些动词搭配例如:I want to learn English.(我想要学英语。
)2. 作为另一个动词的宾语例如:She enjoys dancing.(她喜欢跳舞。
)3. 作为介词的宾语例如:He is good at playing basketball.(他擅长打篮球。
)动词不定式的否定形式通常在“to”后面加上“not”,例如“not to go”、“not to eat”。
而动名词作主语和宾语的情况与动词不定式类似,下面将具体讨论。
在使用动名词作宾语时,通常会在动名词前加上不定冠词“a”或者物主代词“my”等,例如“a swimming”、“my swimming”。
有些动词既可以接动词不定式作宾语,也可以接动名词作宾语,例如“enjoy”、“like”等。
动词不定式和动名词可以作为句子的主语和宾语,它们的用法有一些区别,但大体上是相似的。
在使用时,需要根据具体的语境来选择使用哪种形式,以保证句子的表达准确、清晰。
动词不定式和动名词作主语和宾语的用法动词不定式和动名词都可以作为句子的主语和宾语。
它们通常可以表示某个动作或状态,并且在句子中起着名词的作用。
下面将分别介绍动词不定式和动名词作主语和宾语的用法。
1. 动词不定式作主语和宾语动词不定式是由动词原形加上"to"构成的结构,常常可以作为主语和宾语。
动词不定式作主语时,常常表示一个具体的行为或动作,可以引出句子的主要内容。
例如:"To travel around the world" is my dream.("环游世界"是我的梦想)动词不定式作主语时,常常放在句子的开头或者结尾,有时也可能会出现在句子的中间。
动词不定式还可以表示时间、原因、目的、结果等。
例如:To finish the work early is important.(早点完成工作是很重要的)I went to the shop to buy some food.(我去商店是为了买一些食物)动词不定式也可以作为句子的宾语。
在这种情况下,动词不定式通常紧跟在及物动词后面,充当动词的宾语。
例如:She likes to listen to music.(她喜欢听音乐)常见的及物动词后跟不定式的有:like, want, hope, expect, need, plan, promise, decide等。
例如:I want to visit London next year.(我想明年去伦敦)She decided to study abroad.(她决定出国留学)He promised to help me with my homework.(他答应帮我做作业)。
不定式与动名词作宾语的区别
1.动词不定式作宾语的时候,宾语的动作时间与谓语动作时间大多数情况下不是同一个时间,谓语时间一般在宾语时间之前;只有少数场合下谓语和宾语的时间是同一个时间。
此外,动词不定式作宾语突出动作性和动作的一次性。
例如:
He wants to go now.
他现在想走。
(want发生在go之前)
Would you like to have a cup of coffee?
你想来杯咖啡吗?
(like发生在havea cup of coffee之前,并且havea cup of coffee是一次性的)
We like to play chess.
我们喜欢下象棋。
(play chess在这里是指经常性的活动,而非一次性的活动)
2.动名词作宾语的时候,宾语动作的时间和谓语动作的时间是同步的,同时发生或者同时结束。
动名词还突出动作的经常性。
例如:
他已经完成写作。
√He has finished writing.
(finished和writing是同时结束的)
×He has finished to write.
(towrite发生在finished后面,这个讲不通) 许多男生喜欢唱歌。
√Many boys enjoy singing.
(enjoy和singing是同时发生的)
×Many boys enjoy to sing.
(enjoy发生在sing前面,这个不符合实际) 男生保持享受1分钟。
√The boy kept smiling for one minute.。
动名词作宾语和动词不定式在学习英语过程中,我们经常会遇到动名词作宾语和动词不定式的构成和用法。
这两种语言结构在英语中非常常见,因此学习这两种语言结构的技巧十分重要。
首先,动名词作宾语通常用于表示某个动作或行为的实现,如:- I enjoy playing tennis. (我喜欢打网球)- She hates cleaning the house. (她讨厌打扫房子)- They suggested going to the beach. (他们建议去海滩)在上面的例句中,playing, cleaning, going都是动名词作宾语。
动名词作宾语通常用于动词后面,作为宾语出现。
值得注意的是,在某些情况下,动名词也可以作为主语、表语、介词宾语等。
其次,动词不定式通常用于表示某个动作或行为的将要发生,如:- I want to learn English. (我想学英语)- She needs to finish her homework. (她需要完成作业)- They plan to travel around the world. (他们计划周游世界)在上面的例句中,to learn, to finish, to travel都是动词不定式。
动词不定式通常用于动词后面,起到补充说明动作或行为将要发生的作用。
值得注意的是,在某些情况下,动词不定式也可以作为主语、表语、宾语等。
为了更好地掌握动名词和动词不定式的使用,我们需要注意以下几点:1. 动名词和动词不定式有时可以互相替换,但在某些情况下,只能使用其中一种形式。
因此,在学习过程中需要掌握使用场景和语境。
2. 有些动词只能使用动名词作宾语,而另一些动词只能使用动词不定式作宾语。
例如,enjoy, mind, avoid等动词后面通常使用动名词作宾语,而decide, agree, promise等动词后面通常使用动词不定式作宾语。
3. 动名词和动词不定式通常还会与介词搭配使用,如:- She is good at swimming. (她擅长游泳)- We are interested in learning new things. (我们对学习新事物感兴趣)- He is afraid of speaking in public. (他害怕在公众场合讲话)在这些例句中,介词at, in, of与动名词swimming, learning, speaking搭配使用,表达了不同的意义。
非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓语。
但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语。
不定式表目的,表将来;动名词表主动,表进行;过去分词表被动,表完成。
一.作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数)1)不定式、动名词都可做主语,但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常的行为;不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。
如:Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。
(泛指玩火)To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。
2)用动名词做主语的句型:It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做。
.。
.没有用处/好处/乐趣It’s a waste of time doing sth 做。
.。
浪费时间It is worth doing sth 值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。
3)不定式做主语的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较:表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。
It is silly of you to say so。
It is important for us to learn English well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。
动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别英语中有的及物动词只能跟动名词作宾语;有的及物动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语;但也有及物动词的宾语既是动名词又是动词不定式。
区别在于:一、在want,decide,promise,refuse,agree,wish,hope,expect等及物动词后面的宾语只能是动词不定式,不是动名词。
如:1.I want to have a talk with her.我想跟她谈谈。
2.Our teacher decided to stay with us.老师决定留下来与我们在一起。
3.My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。
4.My mother refused to go there with us.我妈妈拒绝和我们一起去那里。
二、在一些动词后要求只跟动名词作宾语:1、在finish,enjoy,mind,suggest,practise,admit承认advise建议allow允许appreciate 感激,avoid避免,consider考虑,delay推迟,deny 否认,discuss 讨论,dislike 不喜欢,enjoy 喜爱,escape 逃脱,excuse 原谅,fancy 设想,finish 完成,forbid 禁止,forgive 原谅,give up 放弃,imagine 想像,keep 保持,mention 提及,mind 介意 miss 没赶上,pardon 原谅,permit 允许,practise练习,prevent 阻止,put off 推迟,report 报告,risk 冒险,stop 停止,suggest 建议,understand 理解。
1.I advise waiting a few more days. 我建议再等几天。
2.I admit breaking the window. 我承认窗子是我打破的。
动词不定式和动名词作宾语动词不定式和动名词均可在及物动词后面作宾语,但在使用过程中应注意以下几点:一、依照惯用法,agree,choose,decide,hope,fail,wish,refuse,expect,manage,plan,intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand和arrange等及物动词后面常接动词不定式作宾语。例如:What did they decide to do?他们决定干什么?I hope to be back soon.我希望早点回家。二、依照惯用法, finish, enjoy, mind, keep, miss, avoid, consider, imagine, practise, delay,escape, excuse, allow, suggest等及物动词后面常接动名词作宾语。例如:We canfinish buildingthe bridge before the end of nextmonth.我们可以在下个月底之前建好这座桥。Would you mind opening the window?请您开一下窗户,好吗?三、依照惯用法, prefer,hate, begin,start, continue, cease等及物动词后面跟动词不定式与跟动名词作宾语,意义上没有多大的差别。例如:After the teacher left the classroom, the students began to do/doing their homework.老师离开教室后,学生们开始做作业。They continued to read/reading English.他们继续读英语。但在下列情况下,宜用动词不定式作宾语,而不用动名词。1. like, love, prefer, hate等与would或should连用时。例如:I’d prefer to stay home to watch TV.我宁可呆在家里看电视。2. begin, start, continue等本身用的是进行体时。例如:She was starting to do her homework.她开始做作业。3. begin, start, cease, continue的主语是物而不是人时。例如:It began/started to rain.天开始下雨。The ice ceased to melt(融化) in winter.冬季冰不再融化。4. begin等及物动词后接know, understand, realize等表示心理状态的动词。例如:They began to realize theimportance oflearning aforeignlanguage well.他们开始意识到学好一门外语的重要性。四、下列动词后面既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,但两种结构的意义有区别:1. rember,forget, regret等后接动词不定式作宾语时,说明动词不定式表示的动作发生在后, rember等动词表示的动作发生在前;这些动词后接动名词作宾语时,说明动名词表示的动作发生在前, rember等动词表示的动作发生在后。试比较:Shetoldme togo andlock the door. She didn’t remberlocking the door after supper.她叫我去锁门,她不记得晚饭后锁过门了。Rember to turn off all the lights when you leave the classroom.你离开教室时,别忘记把所有的灯关掉。2. try, mean, can’t help,go on等动词后接动词不定式和动名词时,意义有明显的差别:1) try后面的动词不定式是作目的状语,tryto do sth意为“尽力做某事”; try 后面的动名词是作宾语, try doing sth意为“尝试做某事”。例如:He tried not to be late for the meeting.他争取开会不迟到。The soup is a little salty. Try adding some water to it.汤咸了点,加点水试试看。2)mean后面的动词不定式和动名词都是作宾语。meantodosth意为“打算(意图)做某事”; mean doing sth意为“意味着做某事”。例如:They didn’t mean to go an d help you.他们不打算去帮助你们。Hiswordsmeantgoingtohelpyouwithoutdelay.他的话意味着他将毫不迟疑地前去帮助你们。3) help后面的动词不定式和动名词都是作宾语。can’t help to do sth意为“不能帮忙做某事”; can’t help doing sth意为“禁不住去做某事,情不自禁地做某事”。例如:I’m sorry I can’t help to clean the room.对不起,我不能帮助打扫房间。They couldn’t helplaughingwhen theyheard the joke.听到这个笑话,他们不禁大笑起来。4) go on后面的动词不定式是作目的状语。go on to do sth意为“接下去做另一件事”;go on后面的动名词是作宾语。go on doing sth意为“继续做同一件事”。例如:They went on to do some exercises after reading the text.读完课文后,他们接着做练习。We went on doing our homework after he left.他走后我们继续做作业。五、need, want, require等动词后面跟动名词的主动形式和跟动词不定式的被动式,都表示被动意义。试比较:Your house needs repairing/to be repaired.你的房子需要维修。The problem requires solving/to be solved immediately.这个问题需要立即予以解决。六、stop之后的动名词为宾语, stop之后的动词不定式为目的状语。试比较:We stopped working.我们停止工作。We stopped to have a rest.我们停下来休息一下。When it began to rain, we stopped working to have a rest.天开始下雨,我们停止工作,休息一下。在英语中,某些动词后面只能跟动词不定式作直接宾语。
一:.通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词:agree (同意); offer (提出); intend, plan (打算,计划); demand, ask (要求); promise (答应); help (帮忙); prepare (准备); decide (决定); refuse (拒绝); choose (选择,决定); wish,hope,want, expect (希望,想要); fail (不能;忘记); pretend (假装); manage (设法); determine (决心)afford(买得起,但付得起),arrange(安排,准备),aim(以..为目标,目的),beg(恳求,祈求),claim(声称),happen(碰巧,恰巧发生了某事),seem, hesitate(犹豫不决)。
同意提出做计划,要求答应来帮忙。
准备决定遭拒绝,敢于选择有希望。
不能做到莫假装,设法做成决心假。
恳求安排买得起。
恰巧似乎声称目的不犹豫。
1: He agreed to apologize to me.2. She offered to help me.3. We intend to get in touch with you through Email.4. He demands to be prized.5. She pretended not to see me when I came in.6. She demands to live alone.7. He promised to keep in touch with me.8. My sister helped me to finish / finish my homework.9. He prepared himself to accept failure.10. He decide to tidy my house.11. The hostess refused to invite her.12. He failed to pass the examination through carelessness.13. He chose not to go home until later.14. She expects to fail the exam.15. The cat manages to pat something invisible.16. They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.17. We happened to be in the neighbourhood.18. He hesitated to take such a big risk.19. He seems (to be) quite happy.二; 通常只能接动名词做宾语的动词:admit,consider,suggest/advise,承认考虑建议avoid,delay/ put off,practise避免推迟练习allow/permit,finish,appreciate允许完成感激forbid,mind,imagine禁止介意想象escape, quit/give up,enjoy逃避放弃喜欢deny, risk, miss否认冒险错过can’t help, look forward to,禁不住盼望反对stick to, lead to, ,can’t stand,be accustomed to/ get/be used to,pay attention to坚持导致忍受习惯1. I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.She admitted having done wrong.2. I consider reading this series of books written by Luxun.3. The teacher suggested not violating classmates’ personal matters.4. He advises coming up to here..5. He always avoids talking to me.6. He delays / put off give a large amount of moner to me.7. We are practicing writing letters.8. We permit / allow you writing here.9. I have finished reading this book.10. The doctor forbids him smoking and drinking.11. Would you mind my opening the window?12. Can you imagine him becoming famous as an actor?13. He always escapes coming bake home.14. My father has quit smoking15. Do you enjoy teaching?16. He denied having seen these watches before.17. He risked getting caught in a storm yesterday.他昨天冒遭遇风暴之险。
巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语和宾补的动词用法一.接动词不定式做宾语的动词记忆口诀一:三个希望两答应,(wish, hope, want,expect, agree, promise )两个要求莫拒绝,(ask, demand. refuse)设法学会做决定,(manage , learn , decide,determine )不要假装在选择 (pretend, choose )记忆口诀二:打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire)假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish)决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn)告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)二.接动词ing做宾语的动词和动词短语记忆口诀一:考虑(consider)完成(finish)多练习(practise)避免(avoid)冒险(risk)求建议(suggest/recoomend)面对(face)喜欢(enjoy/appreciate)和介意(mind)允许(allow)承认(admit/permit)或放弃(give up/abandon)推迟(put off/delay/postphone)逃避(escape)不原谅(excuse/pardon)提及(mention)坚持(keep/insist on)要想象(imagine/fancy)还有词组feel like 和can’t stand!记忆口诀二:Mrs p.black missed a beef bag.Mind, risk, regret, suggest, be busy,look forwards to, avoid, can’t help, keep, miss,imagine, insist on, stop, scceed in ,enjoy, delay, allow, be worth, excuse, escape, finish,be used to,admit, give up 记忆口诀三;megafeps霉咖啡不吃记忆口诀四;make a fit speech(三)在动词remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require, stop, mean 等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同,巧记一句话(记住努力;后悔忘记;需要停止;很有意义),学习采用对比法:remember to do something记着去做某事(现在还没有做)remember doing something记着曾做过某事(以前做过某事)try to do something努力、尽力做某事try doing something试着做某事(看能否达到预期的结果)stop to do something开始做某事(停下正在做的事,开始做另一事)stop doing something停止做某事(停止正在做的事)regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔mean to do something打算,想,意图…mean doing something意味着want/require/need to be done某事需要做want/require/need doing某事需要做(这时动名词和主语之间有动宾关系,如: The room needs cleaning/needs to be cleaned)can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事动词接不定式和动名词意思一样双方一旦开始(begin, start),无论喜欢与否(like, prefer , hate, dislike)都要继续下去(continue),都不能打算忽视开始的爱(intend, attempt, propose, neglect,commence, love)(四)请牢记在下列固定句式中,动词用V-ing式:There is no point arguing further. 再争辩下去没有意义。
It is no good doing that. 那样做没有用。
It is no use telling his father about it. 告诉他父亲那件事没用。
[小试牛刀]1. The boy decided ______in Shanghai, which made his father a little surprised.A. not to workB. to not workC. not workingD.working not2.—Would you mind ______ the door —Of course not.A. I openingB. me to openC. for me to openD. my opening3. As you know, here, missing a bus means ______ for another hour.A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. to be waiting4. She ______ going out for a walk, but I’d rather stay at home watching TV.A. wantedB. askedC. hopedD. suggested5. Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here.A. smokingB. having smokedC. to smokeD. to be smoked6. In winter, many animals manage ______ without eating for many months.A. to liveB. to have livedC. having livedD. living7. My father insisted _____ although we were very tired.A. walk homeB. to walk homeC. on walking homeD. in walking home8.After he had worked several hours, he stopped _____ a cup of coffee to refresh himself.A.to drink B.drinking C.drink D.drank9.Although swimming is his favorite sport, yet he doesn’t like _____ today.A.to swim B.swimming C.swim D.to have swim10.I regret _____ you that the sports meet has been put off.A.telling B.to tell C.tell D.told11.She desires not _____ for an hour.A.disturb B.to be disturb C.to be disturbed D.to have disturbed 一.不定式做宾补记忆口诀;劝教命请叫,允许又警告advise , teach , order, command ,ask, tell, allow, permit ,warn二、使役动词与to的省略当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式必须省略to。
如:Let me have another cup of tea.给我再来一杯茶。
She had him dig away the snow.她让他把雪挖走。
They made him tell them everything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。
但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式则必须要带to。
如:他被迫一天工作20小时。
误:He was made work twenty hours a day.正:He was made to work twenty hours a day.注意,表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。
另外注意,force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”,但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。
如:They forced her to sign the paper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。
The law obliged parents to send their children to school.法律要求父母送子女上学。
二、感觉动词与to的省略当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。
如:We all felt the house shake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。
I heard him go down the stairs.我听见他下楼了。
Did you notice her leave the house她离开屋子你注意到了吗I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。
但是,当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为to be时,则不能省略to。
如:They all felt the plan to be unwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。
注意,当这些动词变为被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。
如:They were heard to break a glass in the next door.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。
另外,若用作宾语补足语的不定式为完成式,则通常应带 to。
如:I noticed her to have come early.我注意到她来得很早。
三、介词except / but与to的省略当不定式用作介词except或except的宾语时,该不定式有时带 to,有时不带 to,情形比较复杂,大致原则是:其前有do,不定式不带 to;其前没有 do,不定式通常带 to。