Faculty Handbook Table of Contents

Table of contentsKey feature of FabFilter Micro is its unique resonating, screaming and saturating filter that we first created for the FabFilter One synthesizer. It features both LP and HP filter shapes and an adjustable envelope follower to modulate the filter frequency according to the incoming audio signal. Furthermore, independent input and output gain controls enable you to saturate the filter more or less depending on your distortion needs!Of course, we also included the common FabFilter goodies such as amazingly easy-to-use MIDI learn, Smart Parameter Interpolation for smooth parameter changes, undo and redo features, a flexible preset system, and a complete help file including interactive help hints.FabFilter Micro is available in VST, VST3, AU (Audio Units), AAX Native and AudioSuite formats (all both 64-bit and 32-bit), as well as RTAS (32-bit only), for Mac OS X and Windows.Windows requirements32-bit: Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista or XP 64-bit: Windows 10, 8, 7 or Vista (x64) VST 2/3 host or Pro Tools Mac OS X requirementsOS X 10.6 or higherAU or VST 2/3 host or Pro Tools Intel processorQuick start See AlsoUsing FabFilter MicroInteractive filter displayThe filter display lets you tweak the frequency and peak of the filter just by dragging the peak around.See Interactive filter display.Filter controlsThe filter controls at the bottom of the display provide full access to all filter parameters. See Filter controls.Output optionsThe input and output controls on the right of the bottom bar enable you to adjust the gain before and after filtering. See Output options.MIDI learnMIDI Learn lets you easily associate any MIDI controller with any plug-in parameter. See MIDI Learn.Presets, undo and redo, helpWith the preset buttons, you can easily browse through the factory presets or save your own settings so you can re-use them in other songs. The Undo and Redo buttons at the top of the plug-in interface enable you to easily undo your changes. Finally, the Help menu provides access to help and version information. See Loading presets and Undo and redo.KnobsSee AlsoQuick startClick on the center area of a knob and drag up or down to rotate it. The knob reacts to the speed with which you are dragging, so if you move the mouse slowly, you make precise adjustments.The Frequency knob sets the cut-off frequency of the filter over the entire audio range.The Peak knob adjusts the resonance of the filter. A little resonance will cause the filter to create warmer and more characteristic tones. At maximum resonance, the filter will self-oscillate at the centerThe interactive filter display gives an overview of the filter parameters and makes it very easy to adjust multiple filter parameters simultaneously. The vertical lines in the background represent a logarithmic scale that correspond to the actual filter frequencies.the filter peak to adjust the Frequency and Peak parameters for that filter.+click (Command+click on Mac) the filter peak to toggle between the low-pass and high-pass filter responses.: Of course, all changes made in the filter display can be automated!Output controlsparameter sets the gain that is applied before the signal enters the filter. You can useMIDI Learn button in the bottom bar to enter MIDI Learn mode. The interface dims and the parameters that can be controlled are highlighted. Each parameter has a small text balloon that displays the associated controller number. Now do the following to associate a controller number with a parameter: Touch the control of the desired parameter in the interface that you wish to control. A red square will mark the chosen parameter.Adjust the slider or knob on your MIDI keyboard or MIDI controller that you want to associate with that parameter.That's it! The parameter will now be controlled with the MIDI controller. You can now go back to step 1 to associate a different parameter. Note that there is no warning when you associate a different knob with a controller number that is already used. It will just be replaced.To exit MIDI Learn mode, click the MIDI Learn button again, or click Close at the top of the interface.Click the small menu drop-down button next to the MIDI Learn button to access the MIDI Learn menu Enable MIDIThis globally turns MIDI control of parameters on or off: useful in hosts that automatically send all MIDI events on a track to all effect plug-ins associated with that track as well.This submenu shows all parameter associations and lets you delete individual associations or clear all associations in one step.button at the left will undo the last change. Every change to the plug-in (such as dragging a knob or selecting a new preset) creates a new state in the undo history. The Undo button steps backWhile there are still days left, you can click Evaluate to start working with the plugin. If you want to keep using FabFilter Micro after the evaluation period, you must buy a copy in the online FabFilter Shop by clicking button in the evaluation dialog.Go to the FabFilter Shop and purchase FabFilter Micro nowWe accept credit cards from all major companies, check payments, wire payments, and PayPal. The FabFilter Shop uses secure connections and encryption: therefore your personal information is completely safe.Within a few minutes after you have purchased your copy, you will receive an email containing your personal license key. You use this license key to turn the evaluation copy into a fully registered version without the evaluation dialog and the 30-day trial restriction.: If the evaluation period has expired but you didn't have the chance to properly evaluate the plug-in, you can request a new evaluation period by contacting us at ******************.FabFilter Shop, you will immediately receive an e-mail containing your personal license key. This license key will turn the evaluation version into a fully registeredAfter you have entered your license information, you will need to restart the plug-in host, so make sure you save your settings if needed. From now on, you will be able to use FabFilter Micro for an unlimited period of time with full support via email.After your purchase, you can always retrieve your license key again by logging into yourFabFilter account. Here you can also keep track of all your orders and take advantage of greatdiscounts when buying other FabFilter plug-ins.To deauthorize your license key and remove it from the computer, click DeauthorizeIf you temporarily needed to install your license on another computer, or if you have transferred your license to someone else, this is the way to deinstall your personal license key safely.Go to FabFilter SupportIf you have encountered a bug in FabFilter Micro, first of all make sure that you are using the latest version of. You can easily check the version of FabFilter Micro that you are using by clicking Help > About in the plug-in interface. If the bug is still present in the latestFabFilter Support.A Personal or Site License (not Educational or NFR) may be transferred to a third party. You will have to buy aFabFilter account. After this option has beenFabFilter web site。

First Year RESCUE Progress Report ITR: Collaborative Research: Responding to theUnexpectedNational Science Foundation award numbers:IIS-0331707, University of California, IrvineIIS-0331690, University of California, San DiegoJune 30, 2004Table of Contents1. Participants (3)1.1 People who have worked on RESCUE project 31.2 Organizations that have been involved as partners 6contacts6and1.3Othercollaborators2. Activities and Findings (8)2.1 Major Research and Education Activities, Including Major Findings 1111CollectionInformation14AnalysisInformation18SharingInformation25DisseminationInformationTestbeds 292.2 Opportunities for Training and Development Provided by the Project 362.3 Outreach Activities the Project has Undertaken 383. Publications and Products (43)3.1 Journal Publications and conference proceedings 433.2 Books or other non-periodical, one-time publications 493.3 What websites or other Internet sites have been created 49developed50Products3.4Specific4. Contributions (56)4.1 Contributions within Principal Desciplines fo the Project 564.2 Within other Discriplines of Science or Engineering 604.3 Within the Development of Human Resources 624.4 Within the Physical, Institutional, or Information Resources 6464References4.65. Budget Justification (66)1. Participants1.1 People who have worked on RESCUE projectBelow is a listing of all RESCUE project personnel at UCI and UCSD. We have thetables separate primary personnel from senior personnel and others who have workedon the project. In addition to listing affiliations, the role of each investigator or participantis given. All participants have generally worked at least 160 hours on this project.1.1.A. UCI Primary PersonnelName Role(s) on Project >160 hours Work on projectSharad Mehrotra Principal Investigator Yes Data ManagementCarter Butts Co-Principal Investigator Yes Social Phenomena Ronald T. Eguchi Co-Principal Investigator Yes Loss EstimationNaliniCo-Principal Investigator Yes Middleware VenkatasubramanianMarianne Winslett Co-Principal Investigator Yes Trust Negotiation1. 1. B. Other UCI Senior PersonnelAdditional people who contributed to project, and received a salary, wage, stipend orother support from this grant.Brigham Young UniversityName Role(s) on Project >160 hours Work on ProjectTim van der Horst Graduate Student Yes Trust NegotiationRobert Bradshaw Undergraduate Student Yes Trust NegotiationKent Seamons Senior Personnel Yes Trust NegotiationInc.ImageCat,Name Role(s) on Project >160 hours Work on ProjectBeverly Adams Senior Personnel Yes Remote SensingSungbin Cho Senior Personnel Yes Transportation Analysis Howard Chung Senior Personnel Yes Image ProcessingCharles Huyck Senior Personnel Yes GIS ApplicationsMichael Mio Senior Personnel Yes Software Development University of Colorado, BoulderName Role(s) on Project >160 hours Work on Project Kathleen Tierney Senior Personnel Yes Organizational Networks Jeannette Sutton Graduate Student Yes Organizational Networks University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)Name Role(s) on Project >160 hours Work on ProjectMike Rosulek Graduate Student Yes Trust ManagementLars Olson Graduate Student Yes Trust Management University of Maryland, College Park (UMD)Name Role(s) on Project >160 hours Work on ProjectPeter Chang Senior Personnel Yes Bridge Sensor Development Ms. Sujata Graduate Student Yes Bridge Sensor DevelopmentUniversity of California, Irvine (UCI)Name Role(s) on Project >160 hours Work on Project Mohanned Alhazzazi Undergraduate Student Yes Video ApplicationsKemal AltıntaşGraduate Student Yes Spoken LanguageUnderstandingSwagata Banergee Graduate Student Yes Post-disaster RoutingRavi ChandraGraduate Student Yes Privacy and Data Collection JammalamadakaStella Zhaoqi Chen Graduate Student Yes Event ExtractionMahesh Datt Graduate Student Yes Privacy and Data Collection Mayur Deshpande Graduate Student Yes Peer-to-Peer Dissemination Maria Feng Senior Personnel No Sensor DevelopmentQi Han Graduate Student Yes Data Collection Ramaswamy Hariharan Graduate Student Yes GIS ModelingLynn Harris Administrative Support Yes Project AdministrationBijit Hore Graduate Student Yes Privacy and Data Collection R. Jayakrishnan Senior Personnel No Transportation Modeling Dmitri Kalashnikov PostDoc Yes Data Cleaning, EventExtractionGabriel Lawson Graduate Student Yes Dissemination Modeling Iosif Lazaridis Graduate Student Yes Quality Aware Querying Fabio Leite Graduate Student Yes Reliability ModelingChen Li Senior Personnel Yes Data IntegrationYiming Ma Graduate Student Yes Data FilteringGloria Mark Senior Personnel No Technology Assessment Amnon Meyers Programmer/Analyst Yes Event ExtractionSridevi Parise Graduate Student Yes Video Trajectory ModelingGraduate Student Yes Data AnalysisMiruna Petrescu-PrahovaWill Recker Senior Personnel Yes Transportation Analysis Nitesh Saxena Graduate Student Yes Group Admission Control Hope Seligson Graduate Student Yes Post-disaster Routing Masanobu Shinozuka Senior Personnel Yes Post-disaster Routing Michal Shmueli-Scheuer Graduate Student Yes Data DisseminationArchitecturePadhraic Smyth Senior Personnel Yes Data Mining Techniques Gene Tsudik Senior Personnel Yes SecurityJehan Wickramasuriya Graduate Student Yes Access Control and Privacy Xingbo Yu Graduate Student Yes Distributed Data Collection Qi Zhong Graduate Student Yes Data Sharing Querying1.1. C. UCSD Primary PersonnelName Role(s) on Project >160 hours Work on Project Ramesh Rao Principal Investigator Yes Wireless Applications Bhaskar Rao Co-Principal Investigator Yes Voice RecognitionMohan Trivedi Co-Principal Investigator Yes Image Processing1. 1. D. Other UCSD Senior PersonnelAdditional people who contributed to project, and received a salary, wage, stipend or other support from this grant.University of California San Diego (UCSD)Name Role(s) on Project >160 hours Work on Project John Miller Post doc Yes GIS ApplicationsGanapathy Chockalingam Principal DevelopmentEngineerYes GIS Applications, SoftwareDevelopmentBabak Jafarian Senior DevelopmentEngineer Yes WirelessApplicationsHelena Bristow Project Support Yes Administrative Support Jean-Baptiste Haue Post doc Yes Organizational Behavior Nicole Peterson Graduate student Yes Organizational Behavior Wenyi Zhang Graduate student Yes Voice RecognitionDiep Ngoc Nguyen Undergraduate Student No Software Development San Diego State University (SDSU)Name Role(s) on Project >160 hours Work on Project Robert Welty Consultant Yes Community Outreach1.2 Organizations that have been involved as partnersJim Watkins, California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (OES)Member, RESCUE Community Advisory Board. OES is partnering with RESCUE to beta test and review the products of RESCUE research. These products include the integration of GIS and other spatial data in an online environment for emergency response. OES is especially interested in processed data and its integration into maps in real-time during disasters, and getting it to incident commanders and decision makers.Dawna Finley, Tom Hume, Eileen Salmon; City of Irvine, Emergency Management Members, RESCUE Community Advisory Board. Local city agency providing access to local information and facilities.Bob Garrott, Los Angeles CountyMember, RESCUE Community Advisory Board. Provides access to Los Angeles County facilities, data, and emergency operations management strategies.Karen Butler, Communications Division, San Diego Police DepartmentMember, RESCUE Community Advisory Board. Participant in GLQ testbed.William (Bill) Maheu, Asst. Chief of Police, City of San DiegoMember, RESCUE Community Advisory Board. Participant in GLQ testbed.Paulette Murphy, Space and Naval Warfare Systems CommandMember, RESCUE Community Advisory Board. Provide additional testbeds for examining ‘human as sensor’ as a information technology solution.Ellis Stanley, City of Los Angeles, General Manager Emergency Preparedness Department.Ellis Stanley serves as Chair of the RESCUE Community Advisory Board (CAB) whose primary goal is to advise and help guide RESCUE researchers with specific applications of information technology within the first responder and emergency management community. Mr. Stanley acts as liaison between RESCUE, CAB members, and the first responder community bringing issues of importance to the emergency management community and the IT community. Mr. Stanley will be hosting two RESCUE interns during summer, 2004, to work on IT solutions for emergency management.Dr. Gokhan Tur and Dr. Dilek Hakkani Tur, AT&T ResearchMember of Industry Affiliates Group. Provide materials, resources and information for ‘human as sensor’ research.1.3 Other collaborators and contactsCharles Jennings and Grant Roholt, Regional Alliances for Infrastructure and Network Security (RAINS-Net)RESCUE has opened up discussions with RAINS-Net and are engaged in developing a partnership with this non-profit private/public organization working on the development of information sharing tools for the first responder community.Samuel Kang, IT specialist and former firefighterMeets with RESCUE research team to advise on issues of interoperability, field response, and IT solutions for first responders.Professor Rina Dechter, University of California, IrvineTransportation testbed team member. Dechter’s student will intern at RESCUE, summer 2004, to work on closing the gap between theory and practice in constraint processing. To that end, using the transportation testbed as a model, they will perform a large-scale experimentation on both real-life and simulated systemsProfessor Nikil Dutt, University of California, IrvineCAMAS testbed team member.Professor R. Jayakrishnan, University of California, Irvine, Institute for Transportation Safety (ITS)Transportation testbed team member.Linda Bogue, University of California, Irvine, Emergency Management Coordinator Partnering with RESCUE to develop university-wide emergency drill under which RESCUE researchers can employ IT solutions to observe behaviors and to get a better understanding of how IT can assist in emergency situations.Partha Mitra, Lucent TechnologiesMember of Industry Affiliates GroupJim Basney and Von Welch, National Center for Supercomputing Applications Invited member of Industry Affiliates Group.Clifford Neuman and Tatyana Ryutov, USC/ISIInvited member of Industry Affiliates Group.MLBA UAV company. Invited member of Industry Affiliates Group.DigitalGlobeSatellite data provider. Invited member of Industry Affiliates Group.Lucent TechnologyInvited member of Industry Affiliates Group.QualCommInvited member of Industry Affiliates Group2. Activities and FindingsThe mission of this multidisciplinary project is to enhance the ability of emergency response organizations to mitigate crisis, save lives, and prevent secondary and indirect human and economic loss by radically transforming the way in which these organizations gather, process, manage, use and disseminate information during manmade and natural catastrophes. The project is predicated on the assumption that information quality, accuracy, and timeliness at all levels of emergency management profoundly affects the quality of decisions and that better information leads to improved decision making and more effective performance of crisis-related tasks. As a result, significant improvements in crisis response capabilities can result from research on how to apply advanced information technology solutions to the crisis management field. Our goal is to show that such a fundamental transformation can be achieved by a coordinated interdisciplinary research program that synthesizes:(a) scalable and robust IT solutions to facilitate access to the right information, bythe right individuals and organizations, at the right time, and(b) social science research to understand the distinctive nature of dynamic virtualorganizations and their information needs in the crisis and disaster contextThe project has been officially organized under the title of RESCUE (RESponding to Crises and Unexpected Events), , and a project center has been established on the UCI campus. Research in RESCUE encompasses numerous sub-areas within both IT and social science. In particular, our IT research covers topics within the areas of networks, mobility and location management, middleware, distributed systems, security, data management, data analysis & mining, decision support tools, image analysis, automated speech recognition, spoken language understanding, computer vision and image interpretation. Our social science research focuses on the analysis of inter-organizational networks, emergent responses to rapidly-occurring events, organizational behavior in the crisis environment, information sharing needs, reliability modeling, and information dissemination to organizations and to the broader public.While our research touches many different topics, our project is a tightly integrated multidisciplinary effort focused on crisis response. The fundamental basis for integration is the process of information flow through disaster networks: information collection, analysis, sharing, and dissemination. Our project seeks breakthrough innovations in computer systems, information management, and social science to revolutionize the mechanisms for collecting, analyzing, sharing, and disseminating information in disaster response networks. Below, we first discuss our Year 1 milestones, and then discuss our research progress within each of these thrust areas.Year 1 Milestones: Our proposed Year 1 Milestones, as described in our Responding to the Unexpected Cooperative Agreement, have been met:In Year 1, we have developed a prototype voice-based event processing network consisting of distributed audio sensors, a backend server infrastructure for extraction of events from voice signals, and for the event-triggered notification of crisis response echelons. This has involved determining the quality of off-the-shelf speech recognizers, and identifying areas of improvement for deployment in the crisis response framework.We have also investigated different solutions for a reliable high-speed data network (combination of unlicensed band or experimental high data rate cellular system) to create a testbed. The prototype system will be used to test the ‘human as sensor’ concept at the campus level.We have finalized the scope of the Transportation Demonstration study. Specific details that have been worked out include: a) which sub-area of the California Advanced Transportation Management System or ATMS that will be used in the demonstration study; b) the selected scenario/hazard to be used to test damage assessment methodologies and tools; and c) the roles and involvement of other government partners, e.g., the City of Santa Ana, the City and County of Los Angeles, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (OES) with the research program.. In addition, a prototype software program to characterize the effects of large earthquakes on transportation systems has been developed. The purpose of this testbed is to explore the efficacy of information technology solutions in mitigating the effects of large, regional disasters.An initial CAMAS (Citizen Awareness System for Crisis Management - see discussion below) framework has been developed for campus level trouble reporting. It is enabling users to provide input via a web interface thus allowing the research team to monitor a few key university facilities. Event classification and categorization techniques are being used to organize collected data. Collected data are currently being used to evaluate the event extraction and assimilation techniques developed.Additional steps to carry out tasks specified in the cooperative agreement include the following:Hardware Infrastructure: A network of voice sensors (e.g.. PDAs, laptops, and bare microphones in on-campus settings) will be established and connected to speech recognition “backends”, residing on powerful servers suitable for load balancing. A control room will be developed at UCSD and outfitted with projection equipment to visualize the data and monitor the various testbeds. At both the UCI and the UCSD campuses, computers will be brought on line to support voice recognition, data storage and management, information collection and data analysis.Software Architecture and Components: Initial software prototypes for event-extraction from text and event assimilation will be developed. Software components will be developed and deployed for the audio sensors, voice processing, and notification; these components will be connected via prototypical software architecture for testing purposes and for demonstrating feasibility. Prototype software will be developed that will allow real-time assessment of damage to transportation systems (mainly bridges). This software will address a) damage to critical bridges, b) impact on traffic levels or congestion, and c) ability of emergency vehicles to respond to key incidents, e.g., search and rescue.Education and Outreach Activities: A RESCUE community advisory board (CAB) has been established that consists of representatives from local, regional, and national government agencies as well as from industry. On February 23, 2004, key researchers from RESCUE met with the CAB group to discuss research priorities and educational opportunities and ways in which that group can interface with researchers within the context of the three demonstration studies or testbeds. A website for RESCUE has alsobeen launched (see ). The website, besides providing information about RESCUE, is serving as an important focal point for information on homeland security issues, as well as a resource to researchers (both RESCUE members and others). The RESCUE education and outreach team (working with government partners and other faculty) is developing laboratory exercises that will help test and validate research ideas generated by the project, In addition, this same team is defining a suite of projects for undergraduate courses that deal with various aspects of disaster mitigation. CAL-IT2 seminars (open to a wide audience) are also being organized on topics related to RESCUE research this first year. In addition, the first annual RESCUE Principal Investigators meeting/workshop was held at the RESCUE project center on November 24, 2003.Major Research Thrust Areas: Four specific research thrust areas have been defined for this project: information collection, information analysis, information sharing, and information dissemination (see Figure 2-1). In addition to these major thrust areas, three key testbeds have been initiated: a) Transportation Testbed; b) CAMAS – A Citizen Awareness System for Crisis Management; and c) GLQ – Gas Lamp Quarter. Research progress in each of these seven areas is discussed below:Figure 2-1. Major Thrust Areas and Timeline for RESCUE Project2.1 Major Research and Education Activities, Including Major FindingsThe following sections provide a summary of major research and education activities for the RESCUE project. In addition, within these discussions, we provide our assessment of major findings, as they relate to the four main thrust areas: Information collection; information analysis, information sharing and information dissemination. A discussion of outreach activities (first responder community, industry, community in general, and education) is also provided at the end of this section.Information CollectionThis thrust area involves research activities for gathering and managing very large and diverse types of highly-dynamic information over networks that might be unreliable and possibly insecure. Emphasis has been on enabling humans to act as vital information sources in a crisis (human as sensor). Specific research foci include:Dynamic Data Collection – to design a robust data management architecture that provides access to highly-dynamic multimodal information from heterogeneous unreliable sources connected via unreliable networks.Rendering Multimodal Data - to seamlessly capture and analyze voice and video input from in-field rescue workers.Reliable Knowledge from Unreliable Informants – to develop an inferential modeling framework for analyzing personal accounts in order to simultaneously infer the true state of an event or incident; the social network of information flow among informants; and determinants of informant accuracy.Research Priorities: Quality-aware data collection mechanisms that exploit predictability of sensor and compute/storage capabilities at the sensor or nearby sources; Quality-aware query-processing mechanisms for ad-hoc and continuous queries that arise in monitoring based applications; ABC Networking – explore the feasibility of available physical alternatives for best-connected networking; Design link-tracing interviewer protocols for inferential modeling of unreliable sources; Evaluation of existing Speech Recognition software for human-sensor realization.Major Activities and Findings:UCI (Mehrotra and Venkatasubramanian) is exploring quality/energy tradeoff in data collection with a target tracking application. In such an application, a quality requirement is defined by end users. UCI has developed a middleware structure to map application quality to individual data quality, which is further used to reduce communication overhead in data collection. These researchers have shown that the mapping is application-specific and an optimal solution is not easy to achieve.However, even approximate mapping can yield significant savings on communication overhead and thus, energy consumption in sensor networks. UCI presented their results at CNDS 2004 in San Diego.UCI (Mehrotra and Venkatasubramanian) is investigating the problem of approximate processing of important types of queries and aggregations in sensor networks.Clustering is the most commonly adopted technique for sensor networks topology management. Based on this observation, UCI has enforced group-qualityconstraints, in addition to constraints on single sensor node, to achieve approximate data collection/aggregation. The group-quality constraints are further adjusted (dynamically) to balance workloads in networks. UCI’s experiments show that this technique can reduce overall communication overhead and achieve uniform energy consumption across the network.Since many real-world applications can tolerate data imprecision at varying levels, the error tolerance of applications can be exploited to reduce energy consumption during sensor data collection. Blindly transmitting sensor updates at a fixed periodicity to the server results in a suboptimal solution due to the differences in stability of sensor values and due to the varying application needs that impose different quality requirements across sensors. UCI (Mehrotra) is exploring data collection protocols for sensor environments that exploit the natural tradeoff between application quality and energy consumption at the sensors. UCI has considered a series of sensor models that progressively expose increasing number of power saving states. For each of the sensor models considered, UCI has developed quality-aware data collection protocols that enable quality requirements of the queries to be satisfied while minimizing the resource (energy) consumption. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results have validated the effectiveness of these approaches.UCI (Mehrotra and Venkatasubramanian) is considering the problem of evaluating continuous selection queries over sensor networks when faults are likely to occur.The presence of faults degrades the quality of the answer given to the user, but more importantly, presents a semantic challenge, making it difficult to interpret this answer unless its potential discrepancy from the exact answer is quantified (the one that would have been acquired if faults did not occur). UCI has developed a taxonomy of faults that are likely to occur, proposed a metric for quantifying the quality of an answer set, and developed a protocol FATE-CSQ for trying to achieve this quality efficiently. FATE-CSQ applies in-network processing to localize and quickly fix the effects of faults. Researchers have conducted a thorough empirical evaluation of the FATE-CSQ protocol demonstrating its good performance in a number of different settings.UCI (Mehrotra) has developed a framework for evaluating Quality-Aware Queries (QaQs) over imprecise data. Replicas of dynamic data items are stored in the query processing site in imprecise forms in order to limit bandwidth- and energy-expensive communication. Queries applied to such data will produce approximate results, however, researchers want to quantify their level of approximation and give supporting quality guarantees in addition to the approximate answer. In this framework, QaQs specify their quality requirements, and the query optimizer devisesa plan to do minimal combined local data access/probing of remote data sources toachieve these requirements. Even though answers may now deviate from the exact answer, their deviation is deterministically bounded, while the resulting economy of resources is critical to system performance, especially in a crisis situation when multiple agents may be trying to query remote assets simultaneously, thus taxing available resources.Significant progress has been made in identifying sensors to assess the performance of highway bridges (a major element in the Transportation Testbed). It is noted that piezoresistive strain gauges are susceptible to signal drift. As part of this project, the University of Maryland (Chang) is designing a gauge that will compensate for many of the factors that can cause drift in strain gauges (such as temperature, pressure,and humidity). This sensor will result in deflections accurate to within 1 inch. Since large deflections correspond to significant damage states, the proposed technique will be able to determine the level of damage on a bridge.UCSD (Trivedi)has been working on the design and implementation of wearable sensory devices. They are currently focusing on a GPS+camera based device using tablet PCs and iPAQ PDAs. The tablet PC is being used for applications that require more local processing ability (for example, landmark detection, speech processing) in the event that remote access to computational resources are unavailable. The larger display size and graphical rendering power makes Tablet PC’s amenable to tasks that are more visualization dependent such as on-site real-time task planning.PDA-sized devices sacrifice computational and display resources for high portability, while still retaining the ability for intuitive pen-based interaction and network connectivity with RESCUE support infrastructure. Data collected from these wearable devices will be processed and analyzed to both filter irrelevant information, as well as synthesize the meaning from incoming data sources. This data analysis will be local, distributed across multiple devices, or centrally processed.Researchers are focusing on “self-data” analysis and event detection including landmark detection, person image capture, and self-tracking.UCI (Mehrotra and Venkatasubramanian) is working on the development of a testbed for studying techniques for privacy preservation in media spaces (specifically video surveillance). Utilization of RFID technology and its’ fusion with video streams to achieve ‘on demand’, privacy-preserving video monitoring in user space is an important focus of research for the RESCUE project. Successful integration of group-signature schemes for anonymous authentication with the testbed is being examined. In addition, UCI is focusing on privacy specification and access control.This aspect of research has required the development of a spatio-temporal specification language for access control in media spaces. Specification and formalism of the language as well as integration with a XML-based rule-base in developing triggers for sensor data (e.g. video) has been a major focus in this first year. Finally, development of a multilevel access control framework for mobile environments has been accomplished. As part of this research, data hiding techniques based on mobility patterns of objects and hosts have been developed.Current work is examining evaluation of spatio-temporal predicates in a privacy-preserving manner, as well as enhancing the robustness functionality of the PP-Video processing algorithms (improved UI multiple cameras, etc.)UCSD (Rao) i s working on the development of ABS (Always Best Connected) networking solutions with regard to information collection. In an ABC environment, users are able to connect over the best available access network, e.g. wireless LAN, GPRS, UMTS, CDMA2000 and DSL. The definition of "best" depends on a number of parameters, such as personal preferences, network characteristics, device capabilities, application requirements and network operator preferences. In the ABC solution developed by UCSD, the ABC service is offered to one client device, which hosts the ABC client functionality. The decision of which network to use will affect which external interface to use for the device. ABC provides seamless interoperability among various network infrastructures to maintain constant - and the most powerful - connection to the Internet for mobile users using both licensed (e.g., cellular networks) and unlicensed (e.g., IEEE 802.11b) spectrum. This work is making it possible for user devices to seamlessly roam among varying network access technologies, including IEEE 802.11b, CDMA2000, GPRS, and Ethernet,。

目录Table of Contents翻译的原则Principles of Translation中餐Chinese Food冷菜类Cold Dishes热菜类Hot Dishes猪肉Pork牛肉Beef羊肉Lamb禽蛋类Poultry and Eggs菇菌类Mushrooms鲍鱼类Ablone鱼翅类Shark’s Fins海鲜类Seafood蔬菜类Vegetables豆腐类Tofu燕窝类Bird’s Nest Soup羹汤煲类Soups主食、小吃Rice, Noodles and Local Snacks西餐Western Food头盘及沙拉Appetizers and Salads汤类Soups禽蛋类Poultry and Eggs牛肉类Beef猪肉类Pork羊肉类Lamb鱼和海鲜Fish and Seafood面、粉及配菜类Noodles, Pasta and Side Dishes面包类Bread and Pastries甜品及其他西点Cakes, Cookies and Other Desserts中国酒Chinese Alcoholic Drinks黄酒类Yellow Wine 白酒类Liquor 啤酒Beer葡萄酒Wine洋酒Imported Wines开胃酒Aperitif 白兰地Brandy威士忌Whisky金酒Gin朗姆酒Rum伏特加Vodka龙舌兰Tequila利口酒Liqueurs清酒Sake啤酒Beer鸡尾酒Cocktails and Mixed Drinks餐酒Table Wine饮料Non-Alcoholic Beverages矿泉水Mineral Water咖啡Coffee茶Tea茶饮料Tea Drinks果蔬汁Juice碳酸饮料Sodas混合饮料Mixed Drinks其他饮料Other Drinks冰品Ice•recipe 配方cookbook 菜谱ingredients 配料cook 烹调raw (adj.)生的cooked (adj.)熟的fried (adj.)油煎的fresh (adj.)新鲜的•cook 烹调bake 烘烤fry 油煎boil 煮沸broil 烤roast 烘烤simmer 炖，煨saute 煎炒•heat 加热cool 冷却freeze - froze 冻结melt 融化burn - burned / burnt 烧焦boil 煮沸•add 掺加include 包括remove 除去replace 代替mix 混合combine 结合stir 搅拌•spread 涂开sprinkle 撒slice切片 dice 切成块chop 剁，切细stuff 充填⏹烹饪方法英语：⏹shallow fry煎, shallow-fried 煎的, stir-fry 炒,deep fry 炸, toasted烤的（如面包），grilled 铁扒烤的，steam (蒸), stew/braise (炖，焖),boil（煮）, roast/broil (烤), bake, smoke (熏), pickle (腌), barbecue (烧烤),翻译的原则一、以主料为主、配料为辅的翻译原则1、菜肴的主料和配料主料（名称/形状）+ with + 配料如：白灵菇扣鸭掌Mushrooms with Duck Webs2、菜肴的主料和配汁主料 + with/in + 汤汁（Sauce）如：冰梅凉瓜Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce二、以烹制方法为主、原料为辅的翻译原则1、菜肴的做法和主料做法（动词过去分词）+主料（名称/形状）如：火爆腰花Sautéed Pig Kidney2、菜肴的做法、主料和配料做法(动词过去分词)+主料（名称/形状）+ 配料如：地瓜烧肉Stewed Diced Pork and Sweet Potatoes3、菜肴的做法、主料和汤汁做法(动词过去分词)+主料（名称/形状）+ with/in +汤汁如：京酱肉丝Sautéed Shredded Pork in Sweet Bean Sauce三、以形状、口感为主、原料为辅的翻译原则1、菜肴形状或口感以及主配料形状/口感 + 主料如：玉兔馒头 Rabbit-Shaped Mantou脆皮鸡Crispy Chicken2、菜肴的做法、形状或口感、做法以及主配料做法（动词过去分词）+ 形状/口感 + 主料 + 配料如：小炒黑山羊Sautéed Sliced Lamb with Pepper and Parsley四、以人名、地名为主，原料为辅的翻译原则1、菜肴的创始人（发源地）和主料人名（地名）+ 主料如：麻婆豆腐Mapo Tofu (Sautéed Tofu in Hot and Spicy Sauce)广东点心Cantonese Dim Sum2、介绍菜肴的创始人（发源地）、主配料及做法做法（动词过去式）+ 主辅料+ + 人名/地名 + Style如：北京炒肝Stewed Liver, Beijing Style北京炸酱面Noodles with Soy Bean Paste, Beijing Style五、体现中国餐饮文化，使用汉语拼音命名或音译的翻译原则1、具有中国特色且被外国人接受的传统食品，本着推广汉语及中国餐饮文化的原则，使用汉语拼音。

PROGRAMME HANDBOOK課程手冊BSc in Science Education* (Four‐year Full‐time)理學士 (科學教育) (四年全日制)2006‐2010* BSc in Science Education programmes are included BSc in Biology / Biochemistry / Chemistry / Physics and Science Education programmes.Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in this Programme Handbook is correct. Changes may be made from time to time and the Institute reserves the right to make amendments to any information contained in this Programme Handbook without prior notice.In the event of inconsistency between information contained in this Programme Handbook and any Institute or Programme policies and regulations or where an interpretation of Programme Handbook is required, the decision of the Institute shall be final.本校力求編入此課程手冊內的資料準確無誤，惟本校得隨時更改或修訂其內容，無須另行通知。

如此課程手冊所載資料與本校整體或個別課程之政策與條例出現分歧，又或於內容詮釋上出現歧義，則以本校之最後決定作準。

Employee Safety HandbookiTable of ContentsI. IntroductionBackground ............ ........................ ............ .............. .......... . (1)Health and Safety Policy .................. ............ .............. .......... ............ . (1)Health and Safety Responsibilities .. ............ .............. .......... ............ . (1)Employees Responsibilities ............. ............ .............. .......... ............ . (1)Supervisors Responsibilities ............ ............ .............. .......... . (2)Unit Heads Responsibilities ............. ............ .............. .......... ............ . (2)Health and Safety Office .................. ............ .............. .......... ............ . (2)University Safety Committee ........... ............ .............. .......... ............ . (3)II. Safety PracticesCommunication of Hazards in the Workplace .............. .......... . (3)Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) .......... .............. .......... ............ . (3)Eye and Face Protection ................. ............ .............. .......... ............ . (4)Hand/Arm and body Protection ........ ............ .............. .......... ............ . (4)Head and Foot Protection ................ ............ .............. .......... ............ . (5)Hearing Protection .. ........................ ............ .............. .......... ............ . (5)Respiratory Protection ..................... ............ .............. .......... ............ . (5)Documentation........ ........................ ............ .............. .......... ............ . (6)Training ...... ............ ........................ ............ .............. .......... ............ . (6)General Safety Rules ....................... ............ .............. .......... ............ . (6)Safe Handling of Laboratory Glassware ....... ............ ............ ............ . (7)Emergency Preparedness Procedures ......... ............ ............ ............ . (7)When the Fire Alarm Sounds ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ . (8)Employee Accidents ........................ ............ ............ ............ ............ . (8)Student or Visitor Accidents ............. ............ ............ ............ . (8)Automobile Accidents ...................... ............ ............ ............ ............ . (8)III. Health and Safety Program ChecklistHealth and Safety Programs ............ ............ ............ ............ .. (10)iiEmployee Safety HandbookI. IntroductionWelcome to East Tennessee State University. The skills and talents you bring to ETSU are vital to our mission of teaching, research and service to the region and state. One of the keys to accomplishing that mission is to ensure that we maintain a safe and healthy campus environment.This Employee Safety Handbook is intended for ETSU employees, full time and part time, regular and temporary, and all other ETSU employment categories, i.e., student workers, etc. The Handbook has been developed to provide employees with answers to general questions concerning health and safety in the workplace. It is important, however, that you and your supervisor discuss site-specific safety policies and programs for your department. Your supervisor must inform you of the safety procedures and required training you will need to do your job. The university’s policies, procedures, manuals, and many other safety resources may be found on the Health and Safety web site(/healthsafety) or by contacting Health and Safety, 439-6028.BackgroundIn an effort to improve the overall working environment and to provide, insofar as possible, every working person in the nation safe and healthful working conditions, the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 was enacted. This Act provided an opportunity for the various states to develop their own Occupational Safety and Health Programs. In Tennessee this was accomplished by the Tennessee Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1972, administered by the Tennessee Department of Labor. East Tennessee State University, as a state university, is administered by the Public Sector Programs Department. They may be contacted at 800-249-8510.Health and Safety PolicyEast Tennessee State University strives to provide a safe and healthful working/learning environment for its students, faculty, staff, and visitors. ETSU strives to play a leadership role in its environmental stewardship, health protection, safety standards and in its compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The achievement of these goals is an objective for units at all levels of the institution. Employees and students are expected to be supportive of these goals in their university activities.Health and Safety ResponsibilitiesGood environmental health and safety practices are a responsibility of all ETSU employees. The participation and cooperation of each person is essential to a smooth and effective program.Employees ResponsibilitiesYour responsibilities as an ETSU employee include:· Following all health and safety rules and procedures;· Reporting hazardous conditions to your supervisor;· Wearing or using prescribed protective equipment;· Reporting any job-related injury or illness to your supervisor and seeking2treatment promptly; and· Refraining from the operation of any equipment without both proper instructions and authorization.Supervisor’s ResponsibilitiesEach supervisor is responsible for providing a working environment free from recognized health and safety hazards. Specific safety responsibilities of supervisors include: · Informing new employees of their health and safety responsibilities, procedures, rules and regulations;· Assuring that required equipment and personal protective devices are provided, maintained, and used;· Taking prompt action when unsafe acts or conditions are reported or noted;· Providing for health and safety training and education on a continuing basis;· Investigating and reporting all on-the-job accidents promptly and requesting medical treatment if necessary;· Investigating and reporting all job-related health or safety problems promptly;· Coordinating or conducting internal inspections to assure safe and healthful working conditions;· Requesting the assistance of the next higher level of supervision regarding budget requests for any health and safety improvements needed; and · Ensuring their employees are made aware of their rights under the Tennessee Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1972. The State of Tennessee PublicEmployee, Safety and Health Protection on the Job poster is the authorizedmeans of providing this information. The poster, available from Health andSafety, should be posted in each ETSU department.Unit Head’s ResponsibilitiesDeans, Directors, Chairs and other heads of academic and administrative units have primary responsibility for:· The health and safety of their staff and students;· Compliance with all applicable laws and regulations; and· Obtaining and providing funds needed for health and safety improvements and for making those improvements;· Requirements and responsibilities established by agencies external to the university.Health and Safety OfficeHealth and Safety is responsible for development, oversight, and management of environmental health and safety programs that protect the environment, provide safe and healthy conditions for work and study, and comply with applicable laws and regulations. Health and Safety provides educational programs, technical assistance, and health and safety services to the university community. The office also functions as a consultant to deans, directors, and heads of academic and administrative units, other staff members,3and students in all areas of environmental health and safety. The Health & Safety Office makes health and safety investigations as necessary.University Safety CommitteeThe Standing University Safety Committee is responsible for:· Recommending policies and programs to insure a safe environment for students, staff, faculty, and visitors on campus, except in areas delegated to other bodies,i.e., Bio-Safety;· Monitoring the campus to ensure that university safety policies, procedures, and facilities are in compliance with applicable, state, and/or local code requirements;· Reviewing, evaluating, and recommending for approval university Emergency Preparedness plans.The Committee reports to the President through the Vice President for Business and Finance.The Committee voting membership includes one faculty representative from Environmental Health, Public Health, and Technology; one staff representative; one representative from VPs of Academic Affairs, Health Affairs, and Student Affairs; two student representatives and Vice President for SGA.The Committee non-voting and ex-officio membership includes the Director of Health and Safety; Associate Director of Physical Plant; Director of Public Safety; Director of Human Resources; Director of Physical Plant and Director of Disability Services.II. Safety PracticesCommunication of Hazards in the WorkplaceFaculty, staff, and students must be informed of any recognized hazards in their workplace. It is the responsibility of supervisors to provide adequate health and safety orientation related to standard operating procedures, hazards, and personal protective equipment. You should receive this orientation prior to working in the area.Please make sure you understand all information presented at the orientation. If you have any language barriers, please explain these to your supervisor. Your supervisor must ensure that all applicable policies affecting your work place is readily available.Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Faculty, staff, and students may be required to wear PPE while performing their jobs, i.e., welding, asbestos removal, painting, etc. or when they are in certain environments (for example, chemical laboratories). Your supervisor will tell you the specific PPE you must wear and ensure that you know when it must be worn. The following is a general guide for selecting what may be necessary. Additional information may be found in the ETSU Personal Protective Equipment Program (under construction).4Eye and Face ProtectionProper eye protection reduces your chances of injuring and reduces the security of injuring if an accident does occur. Most workers who have had eye injuries were not wearing eye protection at the time.All eye and face protective equipment must comply with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) guidelines and be marked directly on the piece of equipment. Protective eye wear includes safety glasses, gaggles and face shields.Operations listed below are a few examples where eye and face protection may be required:· Handling acids or caustics.· Welding.· Woodworking, i.e., sowing, drilling, sanding, etc.· Metal working.· Chiseling.· Metal casting.· Handling solvents.· High pressure washing.· Handling human tissue, blood, or other bodily fluids.· Using LasersChemical hazards – To protect the eyes and face from plash when handling bodily fluids, using or dispensing corrosive liquids, non-vented chemical goggles or safety glasses with side shields and full-face shield offer the best protection. Safety glasses are the minimum protection recommended of all operations involving hazardous chemicals.Physical hazards – When using high-pressure cleaning or spray equipment, safety glasses with side shields and full-face shields are the recommended PPE.Those work activities that produce chips or dust—such as grinding/drilling, power fastening, or power tools—require safety glasses with side shields as a minimum protection level and in some instances may also require the use of a full-face shield. Welding – Welding operations require a full welding hood with the appropriate tinted vision screen. Safety glasses with side shields are also required to be worn under the hood.When doing acetylene oxygen torch soldering, brazing, or cutting, appropriately tinted safety glasses with side shields or tinted goggles are the appropriate PPE.Hand/Arm and body ProtectionAlmost 75% of workers who suffered hand injuries were not wearing gloves. Although no glove will offer you total protection from every hazard, wearing the correct glove will help you prevent hand injury. Make sure the glove(s) you use in your work area are designed5to protect against the particular hazard(s) that have been identified.The following are general guidelines in selecting and using gloves:· Use metal mesh or cut resistant gloves to prevent cuts from broken glassware, knives or sharp other objects.· Use leather gloves for mechanical or where repetitive motions are involved to prevent blisters, calluses, and abrasions. Leather gloves also protect againstrough surfaces, sparks, and moderate heat.· Use cotton or other fabric gloves to protect against dirt and dust, or to better grasp slippery objects.· Use rubber, neoprene, vinyl, or nitrile gloves to protect against chemicals.· Workers who are sensitive to natural rubber latex should avoid direct contact with latex gloves and other rubber products.· Check gloves before wearing to make sure they’re not cracked, torn, or damaged in any way.· Make sure gloves fit properly. They should cover your hands completely and be comfortable enough for you to perform your job.· Take care to avoid contamination—don’t let your bare skin touch contaminated gloves.· Dispose of single-use gloves in the proper containers.When using hazardous chemicals, specialized gloves offering protection for specific chemical families, a laboratory coat, and at times a splash apron are the appropriate PPE.Insulated gloves and arm sleeve covers are recommended when handling hot or cold materials.Head and Foot ProtectionOccasions may develop during the work day or job duty when the use of a hard hat or other head protection and foot protection is necessary. All hard hats or safety shoes must meet the requirements for protection outlined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).Hearing ProtectionIf your work areas or specific job tasks have been designated as requiring hearing protection, you must wear approved protective equipment. Personal stereos or Walkman’s® are not considered approved hearing protection. If you have questions about high noise levels in your work area, you should ask your supervisor or contact the Health and Safety Office for more information.Respiratory ProtectionSome employees are required to wear respirators for specific job duties. Respirators include dust masks, air-purifying negative-pressure respirators, self-contained breathing6apparatus, supplied-air respirators, and other such devices. If you wear one of these respirators, you must have a physical exam and you must be ―fit tested‖ and trained before using it on your job.DocumentationSupervisors are responsible for maintaining written copies of safety programs and employee training documentation. This documentation is a requirement of most regulatory standards. Regulatory agencies may ask to see these documents during an inspection.TrainingYou may be required to attend in-house training sessions on such topics as bloodborne pathogens, hazard communication, hazardous waste, asbestos awareness, or laboratory safety. Supervisors of affected employees should exercise a measure of accommodation for these needing training. A checklist to help you understand which ETSU Health and Safety programs apply to you may be found on page 9.In some cases, supervisors may conduct specialized training sessions (e.g., safety procedures for using powered equipment). Supervisors can contact the Health & Safety Office for information or assistance in preparing training materials. Specialized training, e.g., forklift, asbestos awareness may be provided by outside training consultants.Training should be provided:· When an employee is hired, when an employee is given a new work assignment for which training has not previously been given; and· When a new hazard (chemical or physical) is introduced into the workplace.At a minimum, health and safety training for employees must include:· Recognition of health and safety hazards;· General and job-specific health and safety practices; and· State regulations and ETSU health and safety policies applicable to the job.General Safety Rules· All classrooms, laboratories, offices, shops, storerooms, and passageways will be kept orderly and free from unnecessary debris.· Floors will be cleaned and waxed in such a manner as to keep slipping hazards to a minimum.· Flammable liquids will not be used to clean floors, clothing or equipment.· Trash containers in offices, laboratories, shops and other work areas will be emptied each working day, preferably at the end of normal working hours, orthereafter.· Furnace, mechanical, and air handling rooms will not be used as storage areas.7· Worktables, stools, benches, tools and equipment will be maintained in good repair.· Electrical and mechanical equipment will have moving parts adequately guarded.· All electrical equipment will be properly grounded.· Appropriate personal protective equipment and/or clothing will be worn in all areas and/or during operations requiring such use.· Unauthorized persons will not tamper with electrical fuse boxes, alter existing wiring, or install new electrical wiring.· Electrical cords will be maintained in good condition.· Extension cords must be the type that contain a built-in overload circuit breaker, they must not be extended and used outside the room in which the fixture outletis located, and must not be located in such a manner as to create a trippinghazard. Where cords must be placed across paths of travel, cord covers must be used.Safe Handling of Laboratory GlasswareSupervisors in departments that use glassware, must develop procedures to handle all glassware safely and ensure that all employees and/or students are informed of these procedures. Areas that should be addressed include:Glassware inspection;Compatibility factors;Effects of extreme temperatures and pressure;Matching glassware to its intended use;Use of Personal Protective Equipment;Storage and handling;Washing and clean-up;Assembling apparatus;Safe disposal of broken or disposable glassware.Emergency Preparedness ProceduresThe establishment of well thought out emergency plans is one of the cornerstones of an effective safety program. Evaluating potential emergency situations, developing emergency procedures, and conducting practice exercises can help save lives. Detailed instruction regarding emergency procedures may be found in the ETSU Emergency Preparedness Plan.An ETSU Emergency Desk Reference has been prepared and distributed to all employees. The desk reference which should be kept readily available in your work area provides useful information pertaining to severe weather, fire and bomb threats.You should become familiar with the posted evacuation plan and how you should respond to a fire or other emergency in your building and be prepared to evacuate the building when necessary.When the Fire Alarm Sounds8If you are in any ETSU building and discover a fire, please take the following actions: · Leave the building immediately.· Pull the nearest fire alarm pull station and notify Public Safety, 911.· Leave the area quickly, closing doors as you go to contain the fire and smoke.· If you encounter smoke or flame during your escape, use an alternative exit. If you must exit through smoke, crawl on your hands and knees.· Do not re-enter the building until emergency response officials have declared that it is safe to do so.In the event of a serious injury requiring immediate medical assistance or any other emergency, remain calm, call 911, notify the dispatcher of the type and location of the emergency, answer any questions the dispatcher may have and stay on the line until released by the dispatcher.Employee AccidentsYou must report all work-related accidents, injuries, or illnesses to your supervisor. If an injury or illness requires medical attention, supervisors must report them to Human Resources, 9-7089.The supervisor must complete an OSHA Form 101, Supplementary Revised of Occupational Injury or Illness, and forward it to Human Resources, Box 70564, within two working days. This form may be completed over the phone or faxed to 9-8354 followed by a hard-copy. Forms are available at Human Resources or may be downloaded from the Health & Safety Website.Student or Visitor AccidentsAny faculty or staff member who witnesses, is involved in, or is informed of an accident with a student or visitor should report the accident to Public Safety, 9-4480.Automobile AccidentsAll vehicle accidents occurring on campus will be reported to Public Safety 9-4480, who will notify other offices or officials as appropriate.All accidents involving State vehicles must also be reported to the Comptroller, 9-5600, and the Physical Plant, 9-7900.III. Health and Safety Program ChecklistThe following checklists have been developed for you and your supervisor to understand the hazards and applicable Health and Safety Programs associated with your workplace or assigned duties. If you answer yes to questions in the 1st column, then the corresponding ETSU program and training requirements are, most likely applicable. Training may be provided by your supervisor, designated staff, Health and Safety, or outside vendors. Training must be provided and documented before performing any of the listed activities.9Employee Safety Handbook Checklist for Work Areas10Employee Safety Handbook11Health and Safety ProgramsHealth & Safety has developed a number of model programs to help provide for the health and safety of ETSU employees. Many of these programs are mandatory to ensure compliance with state and federal regulations. The following are some of the programs and safety manuals available:Bloodborne Pathogens ProgramEmergency Preparedness PlanHazard Communication ProgramHazardous Waste ManualLaboratory Safety Manual (Chemical Hygiene Plan)Lockout/Tagout ProgramPersonal Protective Equipment Program and Hazard AssessmentRadiation Safety ManualRespiratory Protection ProgramConfined Space Entry Program Hearing Conservation ProgramFor copies of these manuals or programs, contact the Health & Safety Office. These and other safety resources are also available on the Health & Safety web site.A copy of the Employee Safety Handbook has been given to me at the time of my employment. I promise to read the contents and to ask for an explanation of any parts that I do notunderstand. The Employee Safety Handbook describes important information about ETSU, and I understand that I should consult the Environmental Health & Safety Department or my supervisor regarding any questions not answered in this Handbook.Since the information, policies and procedures described here are subject to change, Iacknowledge that revisions to the Handbook may occur. Only the Environmental Health & Safety Department is authorized to adopt any revisions to the policies in this Handbook.Signature__________________________________________Date____________。

Fractal Geometry and Spatial PhenomenaA BibliographyJanuary 1991Mark MacLennan, A. Stewart Fotheringham, and Michael BattyNCGIADepartment of GeographyState University at BuffaloBuffalo, NY 14261Paul A. LongleyWales and South West England Regional Research LaboratoryUniversity of WalesCardiff CF1 3YNNational Center for Geographic Information and AnalysisReport 91-1TABLE OF CONTENTSPREFACE (3)I.GENERAL REFERENCES (4)I.1TEXTS (4)I.2JOURNAL ARTICLES (5)II.MEASUREMENT ISSUES (8)II.1ESTIMATION OF FRACTAL DIMENSION - GENERAL ISSUES (8)II.2ESTIMATION OF FRACTAL DIMENSION FOR CURVES/PROFILES (9)II.3ESTIMATION OF FRACTAL DIMENSION FOR SURFACES (10)II.4SPACE FILLING CURVES (11)III APPLICATIONS (13)III.1CARTOGRAPHIC GENERALIZATION (13)III.2LENGTH ESTIMATES AND SELF-SIMILIARITY OF LINES (14)III.3VISUAL PERCEPTION (15)III.4TERRAIN CHARACTERIZATION (16)III.5METEOROLOGY (20)III.6OCEANOGRAPHY (22)III.7GEOMORPHOLOGY/HYDROLOGY (24)III.8HYDRAULICS AND FLUID MECHANICS (28)III.9EARTH SCIENCES (28)III.10ECOLOGY/LANDSCAPE (34)III.11URBAN STRUCTURES (36)III.12HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (37)III.13REMOTE SENSING (37)III.14IMAGE COMPRESSION (38)III.15IMAGE PROCESSING (40)III.16FRACTAL SYNTHESIS (44)IV. MISCELLANEOUS (47)PREFACEFractal research seems to have permeated most, if not all, areas of research concerned with form, from the micro-level aggregation of water molecules or particles of zinc oxide to the macro analysis of the structure of landmasses and cities. Given that the study of spatial form and its links to spatial processes is one of basic research areas within Geography, it is not surprising that research on fractals can be found in many subfields of the discipline, including geomorphology, climatology, urban and regional analysis, cartography, andremote sensing.Within this working paper, we provide a sample of the growing literature in this area. The emphasis is on references that have appeared in the published literature. The bibliography is arranged in three sections: general references; measurement issues; and applications.Each of these general topics is further subdivided. While we have attempted to be asconsistent as possible in our indexing, there are many references that could be placed in more than one category and in some cases the decision into which category they are placed has been somewhat subjective. To minimize this problem, in some cases where areference clearly spans two or more of our subheadings, we have listed the reference more than once. Additional references of interest but which do not fall into any of thedesignated categories are listed at the end of this bibliography under the heading ofmiscellaneous.The concepts associated with fractal analysis have been discussed at the SpecialistMeetings of Initiatives 1 (The Accuracy of Spatial Data) and 3 (Multiple Representations) and we acknowledge these meetings as a source of inspiration for the development of this bibliography. We would also like to acknowledge the financial support of the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis under NSF grant (SES-8810917).I. GENERAL REFERENCESI.1TEXTSAharony, A., and J. Feder, editors, (1990) Fractals in Physics. North-Holland, Amsterdam.Barnsley, M. F. (1988) Fractals Everywhere. Academic Press, New York.Barnsley, M. F., and A.D. Sloan, editors, (1986) Chaotic Dynamics and Fractals.Academic Press, New York.Briggs, J., and F. D. Peat (1990) Turbulent Mirror: an Illustrated Guide to Chaos Theory and the Science of Wholeness. Harper and Row, New York.Davies, P. (1989) The New Physics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Devaney, R. (1989) Chaos, Fractals & Dynamics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts.Falconer, K. J. (1985) The Geometry of Fractal Sets. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Falconer, K. J. (1990) Fractal Geometry. John Wiley & Sons, New York.Feder, J. (1988) Fractals. Plenum, New York.Fischer, P., and W. R. Smith, editors, (1985) Chaos, Fractals and Dynamics. Marcel Dekker, New York.Fleischmann, M., D. J. Tildesley, and R.C. Ball, editors, (1989) Fractals in the Natural Sciences. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Hideki, T. (1990) Fractals in the Physical Sciences. St. Martin's Press, New York. Holden, A. V., editor, (1986) Chaos. Manchester University Press and Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Jullien, R., and R. Botet (1986) Aggregation and Fractal Aggregates, World Scientific, Singapore.Kachigan, S.K. (1991) The Fractal Notion: A Modern Analytical Tool. Radius Press, New York.Kaye, B. H. (1989) A Random Walk Through Fractal Dimensions. VCH, New York.Mandelbrot, B. B. (1975) Les Objets Fractals: Forme, Hasard et Dimension.Flammarion, Paris.Mandelbrot, B. B. (1977) Fractals: Form, Chance and Dimension. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.Mandelbrot, B. B. (1983) The Fractal Geometry of Nature. 3rd Edition. W.H.Freeman, San Francisco.Peitgen, H.-O., and D. Saupe, editors, (1988) The Science of Fractals. Springer-Verlag, New York.Peitgen, H.-O., and P. H. Richter (1986) The Beauty of Fractals. Springer-Verlag, New York.Pickover, C. A. (1990) Computers, Pattern, Chaos and Beauty: Graphics From an Unseen World. St. Martin's Press, New York.Pietronero, L., editor, (1990) Fractals: Physical Origin and Properties. Plenum Press, New York.Pietronero, L., and E. Tosatti, editors, (1986) Fractals in Physics. North-Holland, Amsterdam.Sholz, C. H., and B. B. Mandelbrot, editors, (1989) Fractals in Geophysics. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel.Stevens, R. T. (1989) Fractal Programming in C. M&T Books, Redwood City, California.Stevens, R.T. (1990) Advanced Fractal Programming. M&T Books, Redwood City, California.Stevens, R.T. (1990) Fractal Programming and Ray Tracing with C++. M&T Books, Redwood City, California.Stevens, R.T. (1990) Fractal Programming in Turbo Pascal. M&T Books, Redwood City, California.Takayasu, H. (1990) Fractals in the Physical Sciences. Manchester University Press, Manchester.Vicsek, T. (1988) Fractal Growth Phenomena. World Scientific, Singapore.I.2 JOURNAL ARTICLESBak, P., and K. Chen (1989) The physics of fractals, Physica D, 38(1), 5-12. Barcellos, A. (1984) Additional perspectives on fractals, The College Mathematics Journal, 15(2), 115-119.Barcellos, A. (1984) The fractal dimension of Mandelbrot, The College Mathematics Journal, 15(2), 98-114.Batty, M. (1985) Fractals - geometry between dimensions, New Scientist, 105(1540), 31-35.Batty, M. (1985) Questa montagna che non finisce mai, Genius, 10, 26-34.Batty, M. (1989) Geography and the new geometry, Geography Review, 2(4), 7-10. Berry, M. V., and Z. V. Lewis (1980) On the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot fractal function, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 370, 459-484. Bookstein, F. L. (1977) The study of shape transformation after D'Arcy Thompson, Mathematical Biosciences, 34, 177-219.Domb, C. (1989) Of men and ideas (After Mandelbrot), Physica D, 38(1), 64-70. Dyson, F. (1978) Characterizing irregularity, Science, 200, 677-678.Fotheringham, A. S. What's the fuss about fractals? (1990) Environment and Planning A, 22(6), 716-718.Goodchild, M. F. (1980) Fractals and the accuracy of geographical measures, Mathematical Geology, 12(2), 85-98.Goodchild, M. F., and D. M. Mark (1987) The fractal nature of geographic phenomena, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 77(2), 265-278. Hutchinson, J. (1981) Fractals and self-similarity, Indiana University Mathematics Journal, 30(5), 713-747.Jügens, H., H.-O. Peitgen, and D. Saupe (1990) The language of fractals, Scientific American, 262(8), 60-67.Kadanoff, L. P. (1986) Fractals - where's the physics? Physics Today, 39(2), 6-7. Kolata, G. (1984) Esoteric math has practical result, Science, 225, 494-495.Krantz, S. G. (1989) Fractal geometry, The Mathematical Intelligencer, 11(4), 12-16. La Brecque, M. (1985) Fractal symmetry, Mosaic, 16(1), 10-23.La Brecque, M. (1986/7) Fractal applications, Mosaic, 17(4), 34-48.La Brecque, M. (1987) Fractals in physics, Mosaic, 18(2), 22-37.Maddox, J. (1986) Gentle warning on fractal fashions, Nature, 322, 303.Mandelbrot, B. B. (1978) The Fractal geometry of trees and other natural phenomena, in Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, 23, Springer-Verlag, New York, 235-249. Mandelbrot, B. B. (1981) Scalebound or scaling shapes: A useful distinction in the visual arts and in the natural sciences, Leonardo, 14(1), 45-47.Mandelbrot, B. B. (1982) The many faces of scaling: fractals, geometry of nature, and economics, in Self-Organization and Dissipative Structures, W. C. Shieve andP. M. Allen, editors, University of Texas Press, Austin, 91-109.Mandelbrot, B. B. (1983) On fractal geometry, and a few of the mathematical questions it has raised, Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, August 16-24,Warsaw, 1661-1675.Mandelbrot, B. B. (1984) Fractals in physics: squig clusters, diffusions, fractal measures, and the unicity of fractal dimensionality, Journal of Statistical Physics, 34:(5/6), 895-929.Mandelbrot, B. B. (1985) Self-affine fractals and fractal dimension, Physica Scripta, 32(4), 257-260.Mandelbrot, B. B. (1986) Self-affine fractal sets, I: The basic fractal dimensions, in Fractals in Physics, L. Pietronero and E. Tosatti, editors, North-Holland, New York, 3-15. Mandelbrot, B. B. (1986) Self-affine fractal sets, II: Length and surface dimensions, in Fractals in Physics, L. Pietronero and E. Tosatti, editors, North-Holland, N.Y., 17-20.Mandelbrot, B. B. (1986) Self-affine fractal sets, III: Hausdorff dimension anomalies and their implications in Fractals in Physics, L. Pietronero and E. Tosatti, editors, North-Holland, N.Y., 21-28.Mandelbrot, B. B. (1989) Fractal geometry - what is it, and what does it do, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 423(1864), 3-16.Mandelbrot, B. B. (1989) Fractals and an art for the sake of science, Leonardo, Computer Art in Context Supplemental Issue, 21-24.Mandelbrot, B. B. (1989) Some 'facts' that evaporate upon examination, The Mathematical Intelligencer, 11(4), 17-19.Mandelbrot, B. B., and J. W. Van Ness. (1968) Fractional brownian motions, fractional noises and applications, SIAM Review, 10(4), 422-437.Mandelbrot, B. B., and R. F. Voss (1983) Why is nature fractal and when should noises be scaling?, in Noise in Physical Systems and 1/f Noise, M. Savelli, G. Lecoy andJ.-P. Nougier, editors, Elsevier, New York, 31-39.McDermott, J. (1983) Geometrical forms known as fractals find sense in chaos,Smithsonian, December, 110-117.Mecholsky, J. J. (1986) Fractals - fact or fiction? Earth and Mineral Sciences, 55(3), 29-33.Peterson, I. (1984) Ants in labyrinths and other fractal excursions, Science News, 125(Jan.21), 42-43.Pool, R. (1990) Fractal fracas, Science, 249, 363-364.Ralston, A. (1986) Discrete mathematics: the new mathematics of science, American Scientist, 74, 611-618.Schechter, B. (1982) A new geometry of nature, Discover, June, 66-68.Sapoval, B. (1987) Natural processes and fractal geometry, Acta Stereologica, 6, supplement 3, parts 1-2, 785-798.Schroeder, M. R. (1989) Self-similarity and fractals in science and art, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 37(10), 795-808.Unwin, D. (1989) Fractals and the geosciences: Introduction, Computers & Geosciences, 15(2), 163-166.Voss, R. F. (1989) Random fractals: Self-affinity in noise, music, mountains, and clouds, Physica D, 38, 362-371.West, B. J., and M. Shlesinger (1990) The noise in natural phenomena, American Scientist, 78(Jan./Feb.), 40-45.Wilson, K. G. (1987) Problems in physics with many scales of length, Scientific American, 241(2), 140-157.II. MEASUREMENT ISSUESII.1 ESTIMATION OF FRACTAL DIMENSION - GENERAL ISSUESFox, C. G. (1989) Empirically derived relationships between fractal dimension and power law frequency spectra, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 131(1/2), 1-29.Giorgilli, A., D. Casati, L. Galgani, and L. Sironi (1986) An efficient procedure to compute fractal dimesions by box counting, Physics Letters A, 115(5), 202-206.Halsey, T. C., M. H. Jensen, L. P. Kadanoff, I. Procaccia, and B. I. Shraiman (1986) Fractal measures and their singularities: The characterization of strange sets, Physical Review A, 33(2), 1141-1151.Hunt, F., and F. Sullivan (1986) Efficient algorithms for computing fractal dimensions, in Synergetics, G. Mayer-Kress, editor, Springer Series, 32, Springer-Verlag, NewYork, 74-81.Liebovitch, L. S., and T. Toth (1989) A fast algorithm to determine fractal dimensions by box counting, Physics Letters A, 141(8/9), 386-390.Maragos, P., and F. K. Sun (1989) Measuring fractal dimension - morphological estimates and iterative optimization, Visual Communications and Image Processing,Proceedings of SPIE, 1199, Nov. 8-10, Philadelphia, 416-430.Saupe, D. (1988) Algorithms for random fractals, in The Science of Fractal Images, H.-O. Peitgen and D. Saupe, editors, Springer-Verlag, New York, 71-136.Stein, M. C., and K. D. Hartt (1988) Nonparametric-estimation of fractal dimension, Visual Communications and Image Processing'88, Proceedings of SPIE, 1001, 132-137.Taylor, C. C. (1987) Estimating fractal dimension, Acta Stereologica, 6, supplement 3, parts 1-2, 851-854.Tél, T., A. Fülöp, and T. Vicsek (1989) Determination of fractal dimensions for geometrical multifractals, Physics A, 159, 155-166.Theiler, J. (1990) Estimating fractal dimension, Journal of the Optical Society of America A - Optics and Image Science, 7(6), 1055-1073.Vepsalainen, A. M., and J. Ma (1989) Estimating of fractal dimension and correlation dimension from 2D-images and 3D-images, Visual Communications and ImageProcessing, Proceedings of SPIE, 1199, Nov. 8-10, Philadelphia, 431-439.Voss, R. F (1986) Random fractals: characterization and measurement, Physica Scripta, 33, 27-32.Voss, R. F. (1988) Fractals in nature: From characterization to simulation, in The Science of Fractal Images, H.-O. Peitgen and D. Saupe, editors, Springer-Verlag, New York, 21-70.II.2 ESTIMATION OF FRACTAL DIMENSION FOR CURVES/PROFILES Clark, N. N. (1986) Fractal harmonics and rugged materials, Nature, 319, 6052.Clark, N. N. (1986) Three techniques for implementing digital fractal analysis of particle shape, Powder Technology, 46, 45-52.Creutzburg, R., and E. Ivanov (1989) Fast algorithm for computing fractal dimensions of image segments, in Recent Issues in Pattern Analysis and Recognition, V.Cantoni, R. Creutzburg, S. Levialdi and G. Wolf, editors, Lecture Notes in ComputerScience, 399, Springer-Velag, New York, 42-51.Dubuc, B., J. F. Quiniou, C. Roques-Carmes, C. Tricot, and S. W. Zucker (1989) Evaluating the fractal dimension of profiles, Physical Review A, 39(3), 1500-1512. Gagnepain, J. J., and C. Roques-Carmes (1986) Fractal approach to two-dimensional and three-dimensional surface roughness, Wear, 109(1/4), 119-126.Kennedy, S. K., and W.-H. Lin (1986) FRACT - A fortran subroutine to calculate the variables necessary to determine the fractal dimension of closed forms, Computers & Geosciences, 12(5), 705-712.Longley, P. A., and M. Batty (1989) Fractal measurement and line generalization, Computers and Geosciences, 15(2), 167-183.Longley, P. A., and M. Batty (1989) Measuring and simulating the structure and form of cartographic lines, in J. Hauer, H. Timmermans, and N. Wrigley, editors, UrbanDynamics and Choice Behaviour, Kluwer, New York, 269-292.Longley, P. A., and M. Batty (1989) On the fractal measurement of geographical boundaries, Geographical Analysis, 21(1), 47-67.Matsushita, M., and S. Ouchi (1989) On the self-similarity of various curves, Physica D, 38, 246-251.Malinverno, A. (1990) A simple method to estimate the fractal dimension of self-affine series, Geophysical Research Letters, 17(11), 1953-1956.Peleg, M., and M. D. Normand (1985) Mechanical stability as the limit to the fractal dimension of solid particle silhouettes, Powder Technology, 43, 187-188. Pickover, C. A. (1986) A Monte Carlo approach for Epsilon placement in fractal-dimension calculations for waveform graphs, Computer Graphics Forum, 5, 203-210. Richter, P. H., and H. Peitgen (1985) Morphology of complex boundaries, Berichte Bunsengesellschaft fuer Physikalische Chemie, 89(6), 571-588.Schwarz, H., and H. E. Exner (1980) The implementation of the concept of fractal dimension on a semi-automatic image analyser, Powder Technology, 27, 207-213. Shelberg, M. C., H. Moellering, and N. Lam (1982) Measuring the fractal dimensions of empirical cartographic curves, Proceedings, Fifth International Symposium on Computer-Assisted Cartography (AUTO-CARTO 5), August 22-28, CrystalCity, Virginia, 481-490.II.3 ESTIMATION OF FRACTAL DIMENSION FOR SURFACESClarke, K. C. (1986) Computation of the fractal dimension of topographic surfaces using the triangular prism surface area method, Computers & Geosciences, 12(5), 713-722. Dubuc, B., C. Roquescarmes, C. Tricot, and S.W. Zucker (1987) The variation method - A technique to estimate the fractal dimension of surfaces, Visual Communications and Image Processing II, Proceedings of SPIE, 845, Oct. 27-29, Cambridge,Massachusetts, 241-248.Dubuc, B., S. W. Zucker, C. Tricot, J. F. Quinou, and D. Wehbi (1989) Evaluating the fractal dimension of surfaces, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A,425(1868), 113-127.Gårding, J. (1988) Properties of fractal intensity surfaces, Pattern Recognition Letters, 8(5), 319-324.Hayward, J., J. D. Orford, and W. B. Whalley (1989) Three implementations of fractal analysis of particle outlines, Computers and Geosciences, 15(2), 199-207. Hough, S. E. (1989) On the use of spectal methods for the determination of fractal dimension, Geophysical Research Letters, 16(7), 673-676.Paumgartner, D., G. Losa, and E. R. Weibel (1981) Resolution effect on the stereological estimation of surface and volume and its interpretation in terms of fractal dimensions,Journal of Microscopy, 121(1) 51-63.Sayles, R. S., and T. R. Thomas (1978) Topography of random surfaces, Nature, 273, 573. Shelberg, M. C., and H. Moellering (1983) IFAS: A program to measure fractal dimensions of curves and surfaces, Proceedings, ACSM-ASP Technical Meeting,Washington, D.C., 483-492.Shelberg, M. C., H. Moellering, and N. Lam (1983) Measuring the fractal dimensions of surfaces, Proceedings, Sixth International Symposium on AutomatedCartography (AUTO-CARTO 6), 2, Oct. 16-21, Ottawa, 319-328.II.4 SPACE FILLING CURVESAbel, D.J. and D.M. Mark (1990) A comparative analysis of some two-dimensional orderings, International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 4(1), 21-32. Butz, A. R. (1969) Convergence with Hilbert's space filling curve, Journal of Computing Science, 3(5), 128-146.Butz, A.R. (1971) Alternative algorithms for Hilbert's space-filling curve, IEEE Transactions on Computers, 20:4, 424-426.Cole, A. J. (1983) A note on space filling curves, Software Practice and Experience, 13, 1181-1184.Cole, A. J. (1985) A note on Peano polygons and gray codes, International Journal of Computer Mathematics, 18, 3-13.Cole, A. J. (1987) Compaction techniques for raster scan graphics using space-filling curves, The Computer Journal, 30(1), 87-92.Davies, I. M. (1987) Space filling curves and fractals on micros, The Institute of Mathematics and its Applications, 23, 94-99.Fisher, A. J. (1986) A new algorithm for generating Hilbert curves, Software Practice and Experience, 16, 5-12.Goldschlager, L. M. (1981) Short algorithms for space filling curves, Software Practice and Experience, 11(1), 99-100.Goodchild, M. F., and A. W. Grandfield (1983) Optimizing raster storage: An examination of four alternatives, Proceedings, Sixth International Symposium on Automated Cartography (AUTO-CARTO 6), 1, Oct. 16-21, Ottawa, 400-407.Griffiths, J. G. (1985) Table-driven algorithms for generating space-filling curves, Computer Aided Design, 17(1), 37-41.Holbrook, J. A. R. (1981) Stochastic independence and space-filling curves, American Mathematical Monthly, June/July, 426-432.Laurini, R. (1985) Graphics databases built on peano space-filling curves, Proceedings of the Eurographics'85 Conference, September 8-13, Nice, France, 327-338. Laurini, R., and F. Milleret (1987) Les relations de Peano dans les bases de données géographiques, Symposium Proceedings, Geomatics Applied to MunicipalManagement, Nov. 4-6, Montreal, Quebec, 65-78.Mark, D. M., and M. F. Goodchild (1986) On the ordering of two-dimensional space: Introduction & relation to tesseral principles, in Spatial Data Processing UsingTesseral Methods: Collected Papers from Tesseral Workshops 1 and 2, B.Diaz and S. Bell,editors, NERC Unit for Thematic Information Systems, Reading, U.K., 179-192.Matias, Y., and A. Shamir (1988) A video scambling technique based on space filling curves, Lecture Notes in Comptuer Science, 293, 398-417.Medioni, G., and Y. Yasumoto (1984) A Note on using the fractal dimension for segmentation, Proceedings of the Workshop on Computer VisionRepresentation and Control, April 30-May 2, Annapolis, Maryland, 5-30. Nguyen, P. T., and J. Quinqueton (1982) Space filling curves and texture analysis, Proceedings, Sixth International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Oct.19-22, Munich, Germany, 282-285.Null, A. (1971) Space-filling curves, or how to waste time with a plotter, Software Practice and Experience, 1, 403-410.Palmer, J. A. B. (1986) A Fortran procedure for drawing some space-filling curves, Software Practice and Experience, 16, 559-574.Patrick, E. A., D. R. Anderson and F. K. Bechtel (1968) Mapping multi-dimensional space to one dimension for computer output display, IEEE Transactions on Computers,17(10), 949-953.Pendock, N. (1985) Fast classification of image data with large spectral dimension, Proceedings, Nineteenth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Oct. 21-25, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 281-285.Platzman, L. K., and J. J. Bartholdi III (1986) Routing and scheduling algorithms based on spacefilling Curves, Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, II, Oct. 14-17, Atlanta, Georgia, 1292-1293.Platzman, L. K., and J. J. Bartholdi III (1989) Spacefilling curves and the planar travelling salesman problem, Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery,36(4), 719-737.Simon, J. C., and J. Quinqueton (1980) On the use of a peano scanning in image processing, in Issues in Digital Image Processing, in R.M. Haralick and J.C. Simon, editors, Sijthoff & Noordhoff, Germantown, Maryland, 357-366.Stevens, R. J., A. F. Lehar, and F. H. Preston (1983) Manipulation and presentation of multidimension Data using the Peano scan, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 5(5), 520-526.Wang, C.Y., and J.B. Bassingthwaighte (1990) Area-filling distributive network model, Mathematical Computer Modelling, 13(10), 27-33.Witten, I. H., and B. Wyvill (1983) On the generation and use of space filling curves, Software Practice and Experience, 13(6), 519-525.Yang, K.-M., L. Wu, and M. Mills (1988) Fractal based coding scheme using Peano scan, Proceedings, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, June 7-9, Espoo, Finland, 2301-2304.III. APPLICATIONSIII.1 CARTOGRAPHIC GENERALIZATIONArmstrong, M. P., and L. D. Hopkins (1983) Fractal enhancement for thematic display of topologically stored data, Proceedings, Sixth International Symposium onAutomated Cartography (AUTO-CARTO 6), 2, Oct. 16-21, Ottawa, 309-318. Butttenfield, B. P. (1984) Line Structure in Graphic and Geographic Space.Unpublished PhD, Department of Geography, University of Washington, Seattle. Buttenfield, B. P. (1986) Digital definitions of scale-dependent line structure, Proceedings, AUTO-CARTO LONDON, 1, September 14-19, London, 497-506.Buttenfield, B. P. (1989) Scale-dependence and self-similarity in cartographic lines, Cartographica, 26(1), 79-100.Carstensen Jr., L. W. (1989) A fractal analysis of cartographic generalization, The American Cartographer, 16(3), 181-189.Dell'Orco, P., and M. Ghiron (1983) Shape representation by rectangles preserving their fractality, Proceedings, Sixth International Symposium on AutomatedCartography (AUTO-CARTO 6), 2, Oct. 16-21, Ottawa, 299-308.Dutton, G. H. (1980) A fractal approach to the control of cartographic detail, Proceedings, Computer Graphics'80, Brighton, U.K., 371-381.Dutton, G.H. (1981) Fractal enhancement of cartographic line detail, The American Cartographer, 8(1), 23-40.Hill Jr., F. S., and S. E. Walker Jr. (1982) On the use of fractals for efficient map generation, Proceedings, Graphics Interface'82, May 17-21, Toronto, 283-289.Janinski, M. J. (1990) The Comparison of Complexity Measures for Cartographic Lines. NCGIA Technical Report 90-1, Santa Barbara, California.Maguire, D. J. (1986) Generalization, fractals and spatial databases, The Bulletin of the Society of University Cartographers, 20(2), 96-99.Muller, J.-C. (1986) Fractal dimension and inconsistencies in cartographic line representations, The Cartographic Journal, 23(2), 123-130.Muller, J.-C. (1987) Fractal and automated line generalization, The Cartographic Journal, 24(1), 27-34.Muller, J.-C. (1987) Optimal point density and compaction rates for the representation of geographic lines, Proceedings, Eighth International Symosium on Computer-Assisted Cartography (AUTO-CARTO 8), March 29-April 3, Baltimore,Maryland, 221-230.III.2 LENGTH ESTIMATES AND SELF-SIMILIARITY OF LINESBaugh, I. D., and J. R. Boreham (1976) Measuring the coastline from maps: A study of the Scottish mainland, The Cartographic Journal, 13(2), 167-171.Beckett, P. (1977) Cartographic generalizations, The Cartographic Journal, 14(1), 49-50. Biddy, J. (1972) Infinite rivers and Steinhaus' paradox, Area, 4, 214.Bruckstein, A. M. (1990) The self-similarity of digital straight lines, Proceedings, 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1, June 16-12, Atlantic City, New Jersey, IEEE Computer Society, 485-490.Dorst, L., and A. W. M. Smeulders. (1987) Length estimation for digitized contours, Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 40(3), 311-333.Ellis, T. J., and D. Proffitt (1979) Measurement of the lengths of digitized curved lines, Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 10(4), 333-347.Galloway, R. W., and M. E. Bahr (1979) What is the length of the Australian coast?Australian Geographer, 14(4), 244-247.Håkanson, L. (1978) The length of closed geomorphic lines, Mathematical Geology, 10(2), 141-167.Håkanson, L. (1981) The length of open geomorphic lines, Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 25(4), 369-382.Kappraff, J. (1986) The geometry of coastlines: a study in fractals, Computers and Mathemathics with Applications, 12B(3/4), 655-671.Ling, F. F. (1987) Scaling law for contoured length of engineering surfaces, Journal of Applied Physics, 62(2), 2570-2572.Longley, P. A., and M. Batty (1987) Using fractal geometry to measure maps and simulate cities, Computer Education, 56, 15-19.Longley, P. A., and M. Batty (1988) Measuring and simulating the structure and form of cartographic lines, in Developments in Quantitative Geography, J. Hauer, H.J.P.Timmermans and N. Wrigley, editors, Reidel Publishing, Dordecht.Longley, P. A., and M. Batty (1989) On the fractal measurement of geographical boundaries, Geographical Analysis, 21(1), 47-67.Luk'yanova, S. A., and N. A. Kholodilin (1975) Length of the shoreline of the world ocean and of various types of shores and coasts, Soviet Hydrology, 2, 66-69.Maling, D. M. (1968) How long is a piece of string? The Cartographic Journal, 5(1), 147-156.Mandelbrot, B. B. (1967) How long is the coast of Britian? Statistical self-similarity and fractional dimension, Science, 156, 543-553.Perkal, J. (1966) On the Length of Empirical Curves. Michigan Inter-University Community of Mathematical Geographers, Discussion Paper No. 10, 34 pp. [translated by R. Jackowski]Richardson, L. F. (1961) The problem of contiguity: An appendix to 'Statistics of Deadly Quarrels', in General Systems Yearbook, 6, 139-187.Shelberg, M. C., H. Moellering, and N. Lam (1982) Measuring the fractal dimensions of empirical cartographic curves, Proceedings, Fifth International Symposium on Computer-Assisted Cartography (AUTO-CARTO 5), August 22-28, CrystalCity, Virginia, 481-490.Steinhaus, H. (1954) Length, shape and area, Colloquium Mathematicum, III(1), 1-13. Underwood, J. D. M. (1981) Influencing the perception of contour lines, The Cartographic Journal, 18(2), 116-119.III.3 VISUAL PERCEPTIONCutting, J. E., and J. J. Garvin (1987) Fractal curves and complexity, Perception & Psychophysics, 42(4), 365-370.。

雅思词汇手册情景1：谈论天气breeze微风damp潮湿的hailstorm雹暴forecast预报Centigrade摄氏度Fahrenheit华氏度misty有薄雾的weatherman预报员drizzle毛毛雨overcast多云的thunderstorm雷雨frost霜冻snowstorm暴风雪dust storm尘暴piercing刺骨的typhoon台风cloudy多云的foggy有雾的thermometer温度计heat-wave热浪sticky温热的chilly寒冷的clear up放晴downpour倾盆大雨rainbow彩虹shower阵雨freezing极冷的sleet雨雪biting wind刺骨的寒风hurricane飓风sandstorm沙暴情景2：民以食为天order叫菜（饭）serve供菜（菜）main course（西餐中的）主菜dessert（西餐中的）甜点leftover剩饭菜snack快餐candy/sweets糖果chocolate巧克力appetizer开胃品banquet宴会feast宴会rare（指肉）未煮熟的local家乡风味roast烤的spoon汤匙oven烤炉waiter男招待delicious鲜美的stale不新鲜的spice香料butcher’s sh op肉店cafeteria自助餐厅dairy乳品店spirit烈酒grocery食品杂货店snack bar快餐店nourishing food高营养食品hamburger汉堡包pancake薄饼pizza意大利比萨饼beef牛肉mutton羊肉sausage香肠carrot胡萝卜onion洋葱peanut花生champagne香槟酒butter黄油fruit水果dressing调料medium中等熟的well-done熟透的hot辣的menu菜单fork餐叉tray托盘waitress女服务生fresh新鲜的juice（水果）汁bakery面包店cafｅ咖啡店,小餐店canteen食堂greengrocery蔬菜小果店coke可口可乐pub小酒情景3：吸烟有害身体健康heavy smoker烟瘾大的人cigar雪茄non-smoking section非吸烟区to stop/give up/quit smoking 戒烟ash tray烟灰缸cigarette香烟，纸烟pack一包（烟）情景4：我要理发barber男理发师hairdresser女理发师shampoo洗发；洗发剂trim剪beauty salon美容院shave刮脸，修面haircut理发，剪头情景5：购物cashier收款员chain-store连锁店consumer消费品cosmetics化妆品jewelry珠宝price tag价格标签saleswoman女销售员shop assistant营业员counter柜台drugstore药店，日用杂货店duty-free shop免税商店grocery食品店leather goods皮货pharmacy药店second-hand shop旧货店show-window橱窗sports goods体育用品window-shopping逛街jeans牛仔裤lady’s wear女式服装crystal水晶earrings耳环lipstick口红battery电池toothbrush牙刷fashion/style款式dressmaker裁缝supermarket超级市场artificial silk人造丝natural silk真丝sportswear运动服装diamond ring钻石戒指necklace项链perfume香水toilet soap香皂toothpaste牙膏fabric织物measurement尺寸情景6：就医free medical care免费医疗dental hospital牙科医院birth-control节制生育surgical department/surgery 外科tablet药片consulting room诊疗室intensive care unit监护室children’s ward儿童病房cancer癌症chronic慢性的acute急性的bleed出血breathless气喘，呼吸困难coma昏迷critical危机的，危重的medical examination体检psychiatric hospital精神病院vitamin 维生素x-ray x光透视clinic 门诊，卫生所emergency room 急诊室waiting room 候诊室isolation ward 隔离病房patient 患者head nurse 护士长cough 咳嗽blood pressure 血压tongue 舌头conscious 清醒的disorder 紊乱，失调dizzy 眩晕fatigue 疲乏，无力fracture 骨折high blood pressure 高血压infection 感染numb麻木的pulse 脉搏sore throat咽喉炎side-effect副作用tumor 肿瘤check –up检查first-aid 急救blood transfusion 输血recurrence复发capsule胶囊syrup糖浆faint昏迷symptom症状high fever高烧immune免疫的nightmare梦魇，噩梦pregnancy怀孕shock昏厥，休克flu流感recover病愈blood test验血diagnosis诊断infection针剂，注射prescribe开处方aspirin阿司匹林pill丸药情景7：大学教育academic degree学位diploma文凭doctor博士graduation thesis毕业论文ph. D. 哲学博士correspondence函授engineering institute工学院dormitory宿舍higher education高等教育kindergarten幼儿园bachelor学士dissertation学士论文doctoral 博士的master硕士past-doctorate researcher博士后elementary school小学nursery托儿所high school中学institution of high learning 高等教育normal university师范教育polytechnic理工科学院primary school小学liberal arts文科graduate school研究生院assistant professor助教faculty大学全体教员instructor讲师，教师postgraduate研究生undergraduate大学在校生Students’ Union学生会curriculum课程大纲resume简历academic year学年semester/term学期accounting会计学geometry几何archaeology考古学biology生物学economics经济学electrical engineering机电工程学genetic engineering遗传工程laboratory试验学journalism新闻学logic逻辑学natural science自然科学physiology生理学social science社会科学statistics统计学course课程preschool education学前教育secondary education 中等教育vocational school 职业教育video-room 录像室associate professor 副教授freshman 大学一年级学生lecturer讲师sophomore 大学二年级学生visiting professor 访问教授visiting scholar 访问学者enrolment 注册入学diploma 文凭scholarship奖学金tuition 学费algebra代数anthropology 人类学arithmetic算术banking 银行学ecology 生态学electronics 电子学finance 财政学geography 地理学geology 地质学linguistics 语言学mechanics 机械学philosophy 哲学psychology 心理学sociology社会学zoology动物学obligatory courses必修课optional course选修课selected course 选修课seminar研讨会syllabus 教学大纲teaching method 教学方法tutor 导师，指导canteen 食堂required courses必修课程major 专业，主修specialize 专修teaching material 教学材料transfer转学，转系campus校园department 系，部情景8：图书馆catalogue目录library card借书卡reading room 阅览室abridged edition节略本classics经典著作biography传记table of contents目录reference 参考资料rare/precious edition 珍藏本popular edition普及版original 原版manual/handbook 手册foreword前言complete works 全集circulation（图书）流通periodicals期刊renewal续刊autobiography自传bestseller畅销书vocabulary词汇revised edition修订版preface 序言pocket edition袖珍版overdue notice 催还书通知masterpiece代表作index索引encyclopedia百科全书情景9：文具ink 墨水fountain pen 自来水笔briefcase公文包calendar日历folder 文件夹stamp图章stationery文具chalk 粉笔envelope信封calculator计算器eraser橡皮，黑板擦glue胶水typewriter打字机情景10：语言与文学author 作者interpreter口译者playwright 剧作家realist现实主义作家translator翻译工作者accent口音diction方言idiom习语linguistics语言学oral English英语口语slang 俚语working language工作语言character（文学作品中）人物heroine女主人公，女主角composition作文describe描写，叙述legend传奇nonfiction非小说类critic批评家linguist语言学家poet诗人romanticist浪漫主义作家personification拟人bilingual双语的dictate听写grammar语法mother tongue母语official language官方语言，正式语言satire 讽刺technical term技术语言written language书面语言hero男主人公，男主角climax高潮depict描述，描写humor幽默literary文学的，文字的paragraph段落plot情节realism 现实主义style 文体theme主题biography传记criticism批评drama 戏剧，话剧epic史诗fiction小说类imagism印象派novel小说prose散文romance传奇文学stream of consciousness意识流verse诗句metaphor隐喻，暗喻，比喻paradox反语productive多产的naturalism自然主义symbolism象征主义contemporary当代的autobiography自传detective侦探式（小说）essay随笔，小品文fable寓言folklore民间传说，民俗学literature文学，文献poem诗poetry诗歌总称romanticism浪漫主义rhyme诗韵figure of speech 修辞exaggeration夸张情景11：住房attic顶楼，阁楼basement地下室chimney烟囱courtyard庭院，后院emergency exit 紧急出口fire-escape 太平梯garden 花园lawn 草坪balcony阳台cellar地窖corridor走廊decorate装修fence围栏，篱笆garage修车厂，车库ground floor底层lease租约rent 房租，租金tenant房客apartment/flat公寓villa别墅drawing room 客厅living/sitting room起居室study书房doorbell门铃staircase楼梯vacant空房skyscraper摩天大楼bathroom浴室kitchen厨房storeroom储藏室toilet厕所curtain窗帘情景12：家具armchair扶手椅couch长沙发rocking chair摇椅dinner table餐桌wardrobe衣柜closet壁橱，储藏室drawer抽屉dressing mirror穿衣镜rug小块地毯bench 长板凳sofa 沙发revolving chair转椅dressing table 梳妆台bookcase书橱cupboard碗柜carpet地毯mattress床垫情景13：家庭用品air conditioner 空调dishwasher洗碗机electric fan 电扇sewing machine 缝纫机microwave stove微波炉shower淋浴refrigerator电冰箱tape recorder录音机vacuum cleaner吸尘器video tape recorder录像机central heating 集中供热，暖气desk lamp台灯fire extinguisher灭火器water pipe 水管switch 开关running water/tap water自来水socket电插头情景14：报刊杂志ads(advertisement)广告background 新闻背景bi-monthly双月刊book review书评bulletin 新闻简报circulation 发行量correspondent 记者deliver 投递documents文件摘要editorial 社论essay随笔financial section （报刊的）金融版domestic news国内新闻interview专访journal杂志lifestyle 生活版monthly月刊nation-wide全国性的popular paper大众化报纸publisher出版者quality paper 高质量的报纸reporter记者around the world 国际新闻版stocks 股市版weekly周报brief简讯campus life校园生活classified ads分类广告daily日报digest文摘editor编辑entertainment 娱乐版evening paper晚报focus 新闻聚焦headline 标题informative 见闻广博的issue发行，（一）期journalist记者mass media大众传播媒介morning paper晨报periodical 期刊press新闻，出版publishing house出版社quarterly季刊scandal 丑闻subscribe订购tourism旅游专版情景15：电影cinema 电影院screen 银幕cartoon 动画片feature film 故事片horror恐怖片newsreel 新闻片scientific fiction 科幻片Western 美国西部（牛仔）片audience 观众director导演film studio电影制片厂Oscar Academy award奥斯卡奖sponsor赞助subtitle 字幕cinema-goers电影观众adapt改编documentary纪录片release发行imported film 进口片original version 原文片silent film 无声电影acting 演技copy（电影）拷贝film festival电影节movie fan 电影迷producer制片人star影星theme song主题歌情景16：电视channel 频道commercial 电视广告relay转播台television broadcasting 电视广播television network电视网violence暴力commentator解说员live现场的remote control 遥控television documentary电视纪录片TV series 电视连续剧情境17：戏剧与舞台aisle 过道box-office 售票处drama 话剧entrance入口lobby休息室rehearsal排演costume 戏装spot light 聚光灯stage舞台effect 效果leading actor 主要演员performer演出者，艺人negative character反面人物street performer 街头艺人announcer 报幕人classical drama古典剧dance drama舞剧comedy 喜剧historical play历史剧musical play音乐剧dress rehearsal 彩排tour 巡回演出ballet芭蕾balcony包厢emergency exit 太平门interval幕间休息opera歌剧soap opera 肥皂剧curtain 幕foot lights脚灯top lights顶灯actress 女演员composer 作曲者playwright 剧作家positive character正面人物amateur 业余的rope-walking走绳索professional 专业的circus 马戏tragedy 悲剧local 地方戏Peking opera京戏farewell performance告别演出acrobat 杂技演出情景18：音乐与歌曲conductor（音乐）指挥家jazz爵士乐pianist钢琴家violin 小提琴beat 节拍concert音乐会harmony和谐，和弦love song 情歌music festival音乐节national anthem国歌orchestral 管弦乐的solo 独唱tune 曲调，旋律chamber music室内乐folk music 民乐musical instrument 乐器march 进行曲rock and roll 摇滚乐waltz 华尔兹，圆舞曲guitar吉他musician 音乐家，乐师trumpet 喇叭，小号accompany伴奏chorus合唱，齐声folk song 民歌high-pitched voice 调门高的嗓音melody旋律musical 音乐剧note 音符rhythm 节奏，韵律tone 音调ballad民谣classical music古典音乐instrumental music 器乐light music 轻音乐popular music 流行音乐symphony交响乐band 乐队情景19：舞蹈ball 舞会costume party化妆舞会dance hall 舞厅group dance 集体舞partner舞伴ballet芭蕾dance drama 舞剧disco迪斯科舞masquerade化妆舞会social dance 交际舞情景20：家庭blood tie血缘关系extended family大家庭generation代，辈nuclear family核心家庭one-parent family单亲家庭adopted child领养的孩子abortion流产juvenile 少年的twin双胞胎family background 家庭出身social origin 社会出身nationality国籍physical status身体状况race 种族signature签名distant relative远亲couple 一对（夫妻）divorce离婚boyfriend 男友fiancｅe未婚夫（妻）groom新郎housewife家庭主妇married 已婚的separated分居spouse配偶widow寡妇adolescence青春期adult成年人birth control计划生育conception 怀孕pregnancy怀孕infancy婴儿期infant 婴儿maturity成熟deceased死者first name/given name名full name 全名physical data身体状况place of birth出生地点religious belief宗教信仰surname(last name, family name)姓氏niece 侄女engage订婚bride新娘girlfriend 女朋友honeymoon 蜜月marital status婚姻状况match-maker媒人single未婚wedding 婚礼immediate relative 直系亲属adopt领养heir继承人，嗣子maternal母亲的,母系的paternal 父亲的,父系的daughter-in-law儿媳妇mother-in-law婆婆等step father继父stepbrother继兄stepsister继姐ancestor祖先heritage继承orphan 孤儿brother-in-law姐（妹）夫等nephew外甥/侄子sister-in-law嫂子/弟媳step mother继母step children 继子女cousin堂（标）兄弟姐妹情景21：个性、情绪与人品character性格disposition性情，性格temperament气质，禀性cordial热诚的，友善的dependable可信赖的enthusiastic热心的detached不偏不倚的genuine 真诚的，坦率的reliable 可依赖的hearty衷心的，热诚的passionate易动情的benevolent仁慈的impartial公正的sincere认真的，真心的warmhearted热心的charitable慈善的，慷慨的characteristic特性，特征，特点care-free无忧无虑的cheerful欢乐的courteous有礼貌的earnest认真的，诚挚的fantastic太好了frank坦白的，直率的pastime消遣，娱乐generous大方的，慷慨的ingenuous天真无邪的disinterested公正的straightforward正值的,老实的,简单的sociable爱交际的trustworthy可信任的compassion同情compassionate有同情心的mild温和的hospitable殷勤好客的unselfish无私的，不谋私利的diligent勤奋的economical节俭的frugal勤俭节约的ingenious心灵手巧的sensible明智的qualified合格的witty机智的，爱说风趣话的shrewd精明的,机敏的thrifty节俭的,节约的curious好奇的hasty鲁莽的，仓促的，草率的impulsive冲动的,莽撞的interfere干涉，干预mischievous调皮的,恶意的indifferent漠不关心的incredible难以置信的unintentional无意的reserved拘谨的，有克制的self-controlled镇静的watchful机敏的anxious忧虑的,发愁的frustrated沮丧的gloomy抑郁的,悲观的grief悲痛，伤心melancholy忧郁的regretful后悔的merciful仁慈的,宽大的thoughtful体贴的humane仁慈的,人道的sympathetic有同情心的tolerant容忍的,宽容的competent有才能的humorous幽默的intelligent聪明的laborious勤奋的sharp-minded机智的half-hearted不认真的talent天才,有才能的人versatile多才多艺的eccentric（人，行为等）古怪的uninformed无知的，不学无术的intrusive大骄人的，闯入的odd古怪的，奇怪的alert机敏的，警觉的cautious谨慎的reluctant不愿意的suspicious多疑的restrained有节制的，拘谨的silent静的depressed压抑的disappointed失望的persistent坚持不懈的down-hearted情绪低落的sentimental多愁善感的moody忧郁的，不快的，易怒的pessimistic悲观的sorrowful悲伤的dreadful可怕的cowardly胆怯的frighten惊恐，使惊恐horrify使恐惧inactive无生气的，不快活的insistent坚持的，显眼的obedient听话的，顺从的disobedient不顺从的obstinate顽固的，固执的persevering 持之以恒的daring大胆的extravagant奢侈的showy炫耀的bad-tempered脾气不好的despair绝望furious狂怒的impatient不耐烦的irritating 气人的offensive讨厌的，无礼的quarrelsome爱争吵的spiteful怀恨的，恶意的upset伤心的hypocritical虚伪的merciless冷酷无情的stingy吝啬的clumsy笨拙的ignorant无知的incapable无能的irresponsible不负责任的sullen抑郁的,沉闷的uneasy焦虑不安的dependent依赖的horrible可怕的humble谦恭的challenging挑战的narrow-minded心胸狭窄的unconcerned不关心的unpunctual不准时的scornful轻蔑的,蔑视的conceited骄傲的,自负的dominant支配的,统治的pretentious矫饰的superficial肤浅的deceitful欺诈的,不老实的dishonest不诚实的hostile敌意的,不友好的indignant愤怒的malicious怀恶意的,恶毒的outrageous勃然大怒的reckless不计后果的troubled烦恼的wicked邪恶的insincere不真诚的snobbish势利的awkward尴尬的,笨拙的forgive原谅ill-advised不明智的incompetent不胜任的neglectful疏忽的thoughtless/careless粗心大意的情景22：时间就是金钱ancient古代的dawn黎明twilight薄暮contemporary当代fortnight两周punctual守时的calendar日历dusk黄昏appointment约会due到期的interval间隔情景23：节假日celebrate庆祝April Fool’s Day愚人节Christmas Eve平安夜Father’s Day父亲节Mother’s Day母亲节turkey火鸡Halloween万圣节前夕New Year’s Eve除夕Santa Claus圣诞老人festival节日Boxing day 节礼日Easter复活节Fourth of July 美国独立日Valentine’s Day情人节Labor Day 劳动节May Day ―五.一‖节Thanksgiving Day 感恩节情景24：体育运动championship锦标赛preliminary预赛quarter-final四分之一决赛final决赛qualifying match预选赛semi-final半决赛tournament锦标赛athlete运动员referee裁判substitute替补队员defending champion卫冕冠军runner-up亚军队national team国家队stadium露天大型体育场gymnasium 健身房，体育馆doubles双打mixed doubles男女混合双打team events团体赛gold medal金牌score比分sportsmanship体育道德penalty惩罚discushigh jump跳高javelin标枪obstacle race障碍跑relay race接力跑badminton羽毛球dull fighting 斗牛cycling 自行车运动gymnastics体操handball手球hunting 狩猎rock-climbing 攀岩rugby橄榄球the knock-out system淘汰赛coach教练spectator观众champion冠军home team 主队visiting team客队arena比赛场grandstand大看台tennis court网球场track跑道singles单打service line 发球线bronze铜牌national record全国纪录silver medal银牌time out暂停broad jump跳远field events田赛项目hurdle跨栏marathon马拉松pole-vault撑杆跳高track and field田径项目boxing 拳击camping 野营golf高尔夫jog慢跑horse race赛马mountaineering 登山platform diving 跳台跳水skate滑冰soccer 足球spectator sport观赏性体育项目water skiing 滑水springboard diving 跳板跳水surfing 冲浪weight-lifting 举重情景25：摄影与绘画camera照相机develop显影focus焦距oil painting 油画sketch 素描canvas画布genuine 真的film 胶片lens镜头landscape风景画portrait肖像water color水彩fake 假的painting brush画笔情景26：业余爱好collection 收藏品chess国际象棋stamp collecting 集邮hobbies 业余爱好bridge桥牌gardening 园艺cards纸牌情景27：邮政与电信address 地址addressor寄件人ordinary mail 平邮postage邮资addressee收件人mailbox邮筒overweight 超重postal code 邮编postcard明信片register登记，注册air mail航空邮寄subscribe订阅cable 海底电报telegraph form电报稿纸stamp邮票envelope信封zip code 邮编express mail快件printed mater印刷品delivery投递postman 邮递员registered mail挂号邮寄seal封号telegram电报express/urgent telegram加急电报telegraph office 电报局confidential机密的personal delivery亲启return address回邮地址local papers地方报纸ordinary/regular/surface mail 普通邮件parcel包裹情景28：打电话dial拨电话cellular phone移动电话intercom对讲装置mobile telephone移动电话public telephone 公用电话switchboard总机telephone directory电话薄city call市话DDD=domestic direct dial国内直拨take a message传话IDD=international direct dial 国际直拨private number私人电话area code 区号busy/engage占线beeper BP机information 查号台operator接线员pager寻呼台Radio Paging Service无线寻呼服务台telephone booth电话亭telephone exchange交换台return address回邮地址emergence call紧急电话free call免费电话long-distance call长途电话official call公事电话bad connection听不清country code国家代码dial/have the wrong number 拨错号get/put through接通extension 分机hang/hold on 稍等（不挂断电话）情景29：住旅馆accommodation 招待bellboy服务员check in 办理入店手续check out 办理退房手续entrance hall 前厅facility设施inquiry desk/counter问事处lobby休息处，大厅reception desk旅客登记处book/reserve预定staircase楼梯laundry要洗的衣服attendant服务员book up 订完double room双人间suite套间escalator自动楼梯a flight of stairs一段楼梯lavatory厕所porter行李搬运工receptionist接待员room service房间服务furnish布置房间vacant空间情景30：观光旅游a long journey长途旅行conducted/guided tour有导游的旅游group inclusive tour包价旅游tourist guide导游package tour包价旅游travel abroad出国旅游architecture建筑air travel 航空旅游domestic tourism国内旅游业international tourism国际旅游业excursion游览on business因公view景色tourist attraction 景点business center商业中心castle 城堡cultural heritage文化遗产landscape风景monument纪念碑pagoda古塔scenery风景scenic风景点statue雕像waterfall瀑布guide book旅行指南church 教堂hot spring 温泉manuscript 手稿natural scenery自然风光place of interest名胜places of historical interest古迹sightseeing 观光summer resort避暑胜地情景31：乘飞机旅行visibility能见度airline航空公司boarding card/pass登记卡business class公务舱economy经济舱的fasten your seat belt系好您的安全带flight班机，航班hijack劫机in-fight meal机上饮食in-flight entertainment机上文化娱乐non-stop flight 直达航班safety/seat belt安全带tourist class经济舱aisle seat靠过道座位crew机组人员airsick/carsick/seasick晕飞机（车，轮船）airport terminal机场候机楼boarding gate登机口compartment舱，箱emergency exit紧急出口first class头等舱flight number航班号码in-flight announcement机上有关事项通知jet lag时差反映non-smoking seat非吸烟席passenger compartment客舱security check安检window seat靠窗座位cabin机舱ground crew地勤人员flight hostess空中小组air-crash飞机失事emergency landing 紧急着陆radar雷达steward乘务员stewardess 女乘务员engine trouble机器故障take off起飞情景32：乘火车旅行railway accident铁路事故railway line 铁路线commuter通勤火车compartment车室non-stop train直达列车passenger train客运列车arrival timetable 到站火车时刻表departure timetable发车时刻表porter搬运工railway bridge铁路桥梁railway traffic铁路交通railway transportation铁路运输express train快车ordinary train 普通列车sleeping car卧铺车厢booking/ticket office 售票处enquiry office (information desk)问事处platform站台waiting room 候车室情景33：出、入境customs 海关passport护照date of entry(departure)入(出)境日期entry visa 入境签证ordinary passport出境签证official passport官员护照service passport公务护照customs declaration 报关visa签证destination目的地diplomatic passport外交护照health certificate 健康证明extension of visa签证延期period of validity有效期re-entry visa再入境签证tourist visa 旅游签证customs duty关税customs official海关官员immigration office 移民局immigration control移民管理duty-free免税residential permit居留证情景34：交通运输ambulance 救护车excursion 旅游列车fire-engine 救火车motor vehicle 机动车辆passenger plane客机shuttle bus区间交通车station wagon旅行车underground地铁driver’s license驾照brake刹车bus stop公共汽车站parking lot 停车场speeding 超速驾车traffic lights交通指示灯traffic sign交通信号means of transportation 运输方式shipment 装船double-decker双层公共汽车express快车lorry 卡车motorcycle 摩托车school bus校车sport-scar跑车subway 地铁truck 卡车exhaust pipe尾气管number plate牌照parking space 停车场所rush hours交通高峰时间traffic jam 交通堵塞traffic regulation 交通规则traffic ticket 罚单cargo 船货transport facilities交通设施情景35：城市生活downtown市区outskirts郊区square广场municipal市的，市立的residential area住宅区block街区crossing 交叉路口highway 公路signpost路标museum博物馆concert hall音乐厅exhibition hall展览厅memorial hall纪念馆freeway高速公路sidewalk/pavement 人行道art gallery 美术馆children’s park 儿童公园cultural palace 文化宫history museum 历史博物馆zoo 动物园情景36：动物——人类的朋友ass 驴bear 熊camel 骆驼cricket 蟋蟀deer鹿dolphin 海豚elephant 大象hibernation 冬眠mammal哺乳动物panda熊猫rabbit 兔子snail蜗牛squirrel 松鼠tortoise乌龟wolf狼bat蝙蝠eagle 鹰lark 百灵ostrich鸵鸟buffalo水牛butterfly蝴蝶cobra眼镜蛇crocodile 鳄鱼dinosaur恐龙dragon 龙frog 青蛙lion 狮子mule 骡子pet 宠物reindeer驯鹿spider蜘蛛tiger老虎whale鲸zebra斑马dove 鸽子goose鹅nightingale 夜莺parrot鹦鹉peacock孔雀pigeon 家鸽skylark 云雀swallow燕子phoenix凤凰seagull 海鸥sparrow麻雀swan 天鹅情景37：植物——人类的家园desert 沙漠植物grassland plant草原植物tropical plant热带植物stem 茎shoot 嫩芽evergreen 长青树maple 枫树pine 松shrub 灌木trunk 树干willow柳树lily百合花sun-flower向日葵garden plant 园艺植物marsh plant 沼泽植物meadow草地，牧场peel 果皮branch 枝jungle 丛林fir杉root根species物种peach桃树，桃子cactus 仙人掌lotus荷花violet紫罗兰情景38：天文学calendar日历orbit轨道solar activity太阳活动solar eclipse 日食sunspot太阳黑子comet彗星light-year光年solar太阳的solar energy太阳能solar radiation 太阳辐射asteroid小行星Jupiter木星Mars火星Neptune 海王星satellite 卫星lunar月球的meteor流星Pluto冥王星Venus金星Lunar eclipse月星情景39：金融account 账户checking account 可开支票的活期存款deposit 存款interest利息cash现金，兑现identification 身份证interest rate利率installment 分期付款commercial bank商业银行trust 信托loan 贷款short-term loan 短期贷款bill of exchange 汇票exchange rate汇率capital 资本inflation 通货open an account 开户current savings account 活期储蓄存款signature 签名withdraw取款denomination 面值close/clear an account 结清账目cashier 出纳员transfer转账investment 投资credit card信用证long-term loan 长期贷款traveler’s check旅行支票cheque(check)支票financial crisis 金融危机currency货币purchasing power购买力情景40：工业annual output年产量by-product副产品building material 建材cost of labor 工资成本construction 建设design 设计manufacture 制造petroleum 石油production capacity生产能力raw material 原材料technology技术technique工艺fumes废气noxious有毒的competition 竞争day shift白班night shift夜班full-time 专职的job interview就业面试lay off下岗occupation 职业professional 职业的part-time job兼职的retire退休skilled work技术工作unemployed失业vacancy空缺workday工作日pay rise加薪bonus奖金salary工资old-age pension 养老保险relief benefits救济金accountant 会计cost of production 生产成本fund资金operation 操作，作业process加工，工序productivity生产率reproduction再加工pollution 污染environmental pollution 环境污染sewage污水fire 解雇hire/employ雇用employment就业idle游手好闲的job center职业介绍所management管理层personnel manager人事经理timber mill木材厂resign辞职secretarial秘书工作strike 罢工unemployment失业work experience/employment 工作经历historyaverage wage平均工资net income净收入free medical treatment 免费医疗pension 退休金welfare fund 福利资金architect建筑师blue-collar worker蓝领工作clerk职员designer设计师industrial worker产业工人manual worker 体力劳动者mental worker脑力劳动者regular worker正式工人seasonal worker季工人white collar worker白领工人aircraft industry飞机制造业thermal power plant热电厂building industry建筑工业chemical industry化学工业coal industry 煤炭业dairy乳品food industry食品工业leather industry皮革工业local industry 地方工业oil industry 石油工业plastics industry 塑料工业machine-building industry机械制造工业rubbery industry橡胶工业textile纺织品handicraft手工艺品bakery面包店chemical fertilizer 化肥film studio电影制片厂hydro power plant水力发电厂paper mill 造纸厂power plant电厂civil engineer土木建筑工程师colleague同事expert/specialist专家laid-off worker下岗工人mechanic机械师miner矿工repairman 修理工technician技术员machinery机械atomic industry原子工业basic industry 基础工业car industry汽车工业clothing industry服装业communication equipment通讯器材enterprise企业iron and steel industry钢铁企业light industry轻工业machine-making industry机器制造工业paper industry造纸工业power industry电力工业rare metals industry稀有汽油金属工业shipbuilding industry 造船业synthetic fiber合成纤维printing house印刷厂broadcasting equipment广播器材cotton mill 棉纺厂furniture factory木器厂oil refinery炼油厂petrol-chemical works石油化工厂shipyard造船厂情景41：农村天地drought-resistant crops抗旱作物grain crops粮食作物high-yield crops高产作物industrial/cash crops经济作物tropical热带的swamp沼泽virgin land处女地dam 堤坝insecticide杀虫剂seed种子cattle牛群raise饲养harvest收获barren贫瘠的fertile肥沃的grassland草地irrigate灌溉plain 平原plateau高原waste land 荒地draining 排水worm虫weed 杂草，除草livestock牲畜stable 马棚情景42：经济brand 商标，牌子business center商业中心economic analysis经济分析finance supporter经济担保人market economy市场经济planned economy计划经济recession 衰退business forecast商情预报compensation 赔偿economic boom经济繁荣capital资本deficit赤字sanction 制裁GDP(gross domestic product) 国内生产总值GNP(gross national product) 国民生产总值receipt 收据bankrupt破产commission佣金，手续费depression营业萧条economic crisis经济危机economic recovery经济复苏foreign trade对外贸易forgery伪造品infant industry新建的工业balance of payment 收支平衡margin 利润，限度operating report 营业报告claim索赔bargain讨价还价client/customer顾客concession让步cost price 成本价格investment 投资invoice 发货票joint venture合资企业marketing销售，推销not for sale 非卖品overseas market海外市场primary market 初级市场purchase购买retail零售rock-bottom price 最低价格on credit 赊账sample 样品secondary market 二级市场supply and demand 供求terms of payment 付款条件installment 分期付款export 出口import 进口transaction交易insurance 保险liability 责任，义务，债务negotiation 谈判contract 合同trade balance 贸易差额catalogue商品目录commodity商品consumer goods消费品dealer商人discount 折扣wholesale 批发asset财产mortgage抵押real estate不动产，房地产bond 债券stock 股份broker纪经人fortune 财富duty （进出口）关税duty free免税的income tax所得税revenue国家收入，税收tariff （进口）税taxpayer纳税人情景43：宗教cathedral 大教堂church 教堂clergyman 牧师，神职人员convert 改变信仰，皈依divine 神的saint 圣人，圣徒Christian 基督教徒confession忏悔minister牧师resurrection（耶稣）复活Muslin穆斯林hell地狱pray祈祷preach 布道，说教priest 牧师religious宗教的sacred神圣的worship崇拜Bible 圣经Catholic天主教的Protestant 新教徒Sin 罪孽Buddhism 佛教paradise天堂情景44：法律amendment 修正案authorize 授权civil law民法criminal law刑法party 当事人enforce 实施，使生效legal 法律的，合法的legislature 立法机构legitimate合法的solicitor律师，法律顾问witness证人，目击property财产attorney律师court法院defendant/accused被告theft偷盗行为judge法官judicial司法的jury陪审团supreme最高法院testimony证明appeal上诉burglar撬门贼convict宣判有罪guilty有罪的mugger拦路抢劫offender犯法者plead申诉shoplifter商店货物扒手commit犯criminal case刑事案件juvenile青少年murder杀人pickpocket扒手sentence/condemn判处suspect嫌疑犯情景45：会议conference 会议assembly大会session会议preparatory conference 预备会议note投票summit meeting 峰会executive board执行委员会standing body常设机构representative 代表candidate候选人observer侦察员agenda议事日程minority少数nomination提名congress大会forum座谈会panel meeting 专门小组会议press conference 记者招待会seminar 研讨会symposium学术报告会policy-making body决策机构confidential ocument 机密文件submit提交sponsor 发起，主动，赞助majority多数minute 备忘录，既要advocate倡议。

Finaccordw e b:w w w.f i n a c c o r d.c o m,e-m a i l:i n f o@f i n a c c o r d.c o mTable of ContentsTABLE OF CONTENTS0.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (2)Banks and building societies offering current accounts generate the highest volumes of web traffic.2 Social networking and video sharing provider sites are very widely used by younger consumers (2)Utilisation of the Internet as a distribution option for banking products may have reached a plateau.3 Longevity of Internet usage is an important factor driving on-line acquisition of banking products (3)Consumers focus on a more limited number of sites to research and take out banking products (3)Most consumers understand the difference between on-line aggregators and on-line brokers (4)Usage of on-line aggregators and brokers of banking products peaks in the 25-44 age bracket (4)Users of on-line aggregators and brokers are motivated primarily by finding the best interest rate (5)Only a minority of consumers state that they are loyal to their main on-line aggregator or broker (5)A significant proportion of users of on-line aggregators and brokers question their accuracy (5)... and over 10% express dissatisfaction with a range of aspects of the service that they receive.. (6)Over two thirds of respondents claim to be either very aware or quite aware of (6)Only a minority of aggregators and brokers are definitely trusted by more than 5% of consumers (7) achieves the highest ratings in terms of actual usage to purchase (7)On-line aggregation and broking of banking products may be subject to significant consolidation (7)1.0 INTRODUCTION (9)Research rationale (9)The updated Net Metrics research incorporates a variety of new analyses of consumer behaviour..9 Research sample (9)Web-based aggregators and brokers of banking products (18)On-line aggregators and brokers of banking products can use a variety of operating models (18)... although some of the most successful protagonists possess differentiated approaches. (19)... and provision of white-labelled searching facilities between competitors is also commonplace (19)Who owns whom in on-line aggregation and broking of banking products? (21)Strengths and weaknesses (24)Finaccord (24)Other UK consumer research publications (24)UK affinity and partnership marketing publications (25)IPT / Tpoll (25)2.0 MARKET ANALYSIS (28)Introduction (28)Consumer propensity to visit different types of web site (29)Frequency of visits is a key metric in the emerging environment for on-line financial services (29)... with banking institutions offering current accounts being well-positioned in this respect (30)... and both social networking providers and video sharing providers also scoring highly.. (30)Insurance companies and some traditional affinity partners generate relatively little web traffic (30)Over 80% of individuals aged between 16 and 24 visit the sites of social networking providers (33)The gap in usage by age group for the web sites of video sharing providers is slightly less acute (35)Consumer propensity to purchase via the Internet (37)Consumers are most likely to have made on-line acquisitions of books or music (37)... with well 40% of respondents having acquired banking products via the Internet at least once (37)On-line sales of computers and associated peripherals appear to be subject to a decline (39)... and a slowdown may also be occurring for certain categories of retail banking product (41)Propensity to research and take out banking products over the Internet (43)Over a half of consumers use the Internet to research and / or take out banking products (43)There is a clear link between longevity of Internet use and acquisition of bank. products on-line (44)Number of details solicited prior taking out on-line banking products (46)On-line customers are most likely to solicit details for banking products on three occasions (46)Likelihood to research or take out banking products by type of web site (48)Consumer propensity to research or take out banking products varies greatly by type of web site..48 Banking entities offering current accounts should make the most of high volumes of web traffic (51)Awareness and influence of the on-line insurance banking concept (53)Most consumers are aware of the difference between on-line aggregation and on-line broking (53)... although a surprisingly high proportion assert that they are not influenced by this awareness. (53)Consumer usage of aggregators or brokers of banking products (55)On-line banking aggregators and brokers achieve highest utilisation in the 25-44 age group (55)Characteristics of effective insurance aggregator and broker web sites (57)Over 75% of respondents consider eight characteristics to be either very or quite important (57)Personalisation, exclusive products and user reviews are the least valued characteristics (57)Banking aggregator or broker web sites used most frequently (60)Two competitors are subject to the most frequent usage by over a half of respondents (60)... with likely to become an increasingly serious challenger in this space. (60)Loyalty towards insurance aggregators and brokers used most frequently (62)... although the research is indicative of low rates of loyalty towards even the leading players.. (62)A key challenge for aggregators and brokers will be to maximise the loyalty of their customers (62)Accuracy of banking aggregators and brokers used most frequently (65)Over one in ten consumers have concerns over the accuracy of product information provided (65)... although scores accuracy ratings in excess of the market average (65)Satisfaction with banking aggregators used most frequently (68)Finaccord’s research facilitates the measurement of consumer satisfaction levels (68)... and indicates that the majority are satisfied by the service offered by banking aggregators.. (68)3.0 COMPETITOR ANALYSIS (72)Introduction (72)Consumer awareness of aggregation and broking web sites (73) achieves the highest rating for recognition among on-line aggregators and brokers (73)17 competitors in this field are recognised to some extent by over 25% of survey respondents (73)... although almost a half of the 70 web brands are not recognised by over 85% of consumers (73)Consumer trust of aggregation and broking web sites (76)In spite of its recent difficulties, simplyswitch is ranked highly in terms of consumer trust (76)... and only 11 of its competitors are definitely trusted by more than 5% of respondents (76)Consumer usage of aggregation and broking web sites (79) has achieved a surge in actual utilisation during the last 12 months (79)20 aggregators or brokers of banking products have been used by at least 1% of consumers (79)There continues to be a reasonable if not perfect correlation between awareness and trust (82)Five banking aggregators appear to be out-performing their rivals in the on-line market (83)... helped by the degree to which they are trusted rather than merely known by consumers.. (84) and appear to have grown most rapidly (85)Conditions for market participants outside of the top ten seem destined to become tougher (86)... as the evidence of the research is that smaller players are being squeezed out of the picture. (86)4.0 AGGREGATOR AND BROKER PROFILES (89)Introduction (89)4.1 24 Hour loan () (89)4.2 () (90)4.3 AdviceOnline () (91)4.4 AWD Moneyextra () (92)4.5 BeatThatQuote () (93)4.6 () (94)4.7 () (95)4.8 Charcol () (96)4.9 Click 4 A Loan () (97)4.10 Compare & Save () (98)4.11 Compare Loan UK () (99)4.12 () (100)4.13 Easy Quote () (101)4.14 Elephant Loans () (102)4.15 () (103)4.16 () (104)4.17 Endsleigh Financial () (105)4.18 Fair Investment Company () (106)4.19 () (107)4.20 () (108)4.21 First Line Loans () (109)4.22 () (110)4.23 Freedom Finance () (111)4.24 () (112)4.25 Guardian Credit () (113)4.26 Help My Money () (114)4.27 Home Loans Direct () (115)4.28 Interactive Investor () (116)4.29 Kelkoo () (117)4.30 Know Your Money () (118)4.31 Loan Arrangers UK () (119)4.32 () (120)4.33 loangenie () (121)4.34 Loans UK () (122)4.35 () (123)4.36 () (124)4.37 MoneyExpert () (125)4.38 Moneyfacts () (126)4.39 () (127)4.40 () (128)4.41 () (129)4.42 Moneynet () (130)4.43 Moneyquest () (131)4.44 MoneySavingExpert () (132)4.45 () (133)4.46 Moneyway () (134)4.47 Moneywise () (135)4.48 () (136)4.49 () (137)4.50 () (138)4.51 Norton Finance () (139)4.52 Ocean Finance () (140)4.53 () (141)4.54 Only Finance () (142)4.55 Pacific Home Loans () (143)4.56 Pay day UK () (144)4.57 pinkfish loans () (145)4.58 Precision Loans () (146)4.59 PriceRunner () (147)4.60 Shakespeare Finance () (148)4.61 simplyswitch () (149)4.62 Smarter Money () (150)4.63 The Thrifty Scot () (151)4.64 () (152)4.65 () (153)4.66 Unravelit () (154)4.67 uSwitch () (155)4.68 Wider Choice () (156)4.69 Your Money () (157)4.70 Zopa () (158)GRAPHICS / TABLESSample breakdown by age group, household income band and geographical location - entire survey 10 Sample breakdown by longevity of Internet usage - entire survey 11 Aggregators and brokers of banking products covered for the first time in the 2008 research 20 Who owns whom in web-based aggregation and broking of banking products in the UK? 22 Who owns whom in web-based aggregation and broking of banking products in the UK? (continued) 23 Consumer propensity to visit different types of web site, 2008 31 Consumer propensity to visit different types of web site, 2008 (data) 32 Consumer propensity to visit the web sites of social networking providers, 2008: detailed segmentation (data) 34 Consumer propensity to visit the web sites of video sharing providers, 2008: detailed segmentation (data) 36 Consumer propensity to purchase assorted goods and services via the Internet, 2008 38 Comparison of consumer propensity to purchase assorted goods and services via the Internet, 2006-8 (data) 40 % of custs. acquiring different bank. prods. through the Internet - 2007, 2005 and all previous years comp. (data) 42 Consumer propensity to research and take out banking products over the Internet, 2008 43 Consumer propensity to research and take out bank. products over the Internet, 2008: detailed segment. (data) 45 Number of quotes solicited by consumers prior to taking out bank. products over the Internet, 2006-8 compared 46 Number of quotes solicited by cons. prior to taking out bank. products over the Internet, 2006-8 compared (data) 47 Consumer likelihood to research or take out banking products from different types of web site, 2008 49 Consumer likelihood to research or take out banking products from different types of web site, 2008 (data) 50 Comparison of consumer propensity to visit and cons. likelihood to search for or take out bank. products, 2008 52 Awareness of the difference between on-line banking aggs. and on-line brokers of banking products, 2008 54 Consumer usage of web sites of aggregators or brokers of banking products, 2008 (data) 56 Importance of agg. and broker web site characteristics in persuading custs. to take out bank. products, 2008 58 Imp. of agg. and broker web site characteristics in persuading custs. to take out bank. products, 2008 (data) 59 Banking agg. or broker web sites used most frequently by cons. to research or take out bank. products, 2008 61 Degree of loyalty engendered by banking aggregators and brokers used most frequently, 2008 63 Degree of loyalty engendered by banking aggregators and brokers used most frequently, 2008 (data) 64 Perceived accuracy of banking aggregators and brokers used most frequently, 2008 66 Perceived accuracy of banking aggregators and brokers used most frequently, 2008 (data) 67 Cons. satisfaction with agg. web site used most freq. when searching for and / or taking out bank. prods., 2008 69 Cons. satisfaction with agg. used most freq. when searching for and / or taking out bank. prods., 2008 (data) 70 Ranking of web sites of aggregators and brokers of banking products by overall consumer awareness, 2008 74 Ranking of web sites of aggs. and brokers of bank. products by overall consumer awareness, 2008 (cont.) 75 Ranking of web sites of aggregators and brokers of banking products by consumer trust, 2008 77 Ranking of web sites of aggregators and brokers of banking products by consumer trust, 2008 (continued) 78 Ranking of web sites of aggregators and brokers of banking products by consumer usage to purchase, 2008 80 Ranking of web sites of aggs. and brokers of bank. products by consumer usage to purchase, 2008 (cont.) 81 Correlation between cons. awareness and cons. trust of web sites of aggs. and brokers of bank. products 82 Correlation between awareness and usage to take out bank. products of aggs. and brokers of bank. products 83 Correl. between trust and usage to take out bank. prods. of web sites of aggs. and brokers of bank. prods. 84 Comparison of recent and historic usage to take out bank. products of aggs. and brokers of bank. products (1) 85 Comparison of recent and historic usage to take out bank. products of aggs. and brokers of bank. products (2) 87 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 89 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 90 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 91 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 92 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 93 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 94 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 95 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 96 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 97 Cons. awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 98 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 99Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 101 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 102 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 103 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 104 Cons. awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 105 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 106 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 107 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 108 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 109 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 110 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 111 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 112 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 113 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 114 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 115 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 116 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 117 Cons. awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 118 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 119 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 120 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 121 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 122 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 123 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 124 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 125 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 126 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 127 Cons. awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 128 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 129 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 130 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 131 Cons. awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 132 Cons. awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 133 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 134 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 135 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 136 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 137 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 138 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 139 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 140 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 141 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 142 Cons. awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 143 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 144 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 145 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 146 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 147 Cons. awareness, trust and usage to take out bank. products of the web site 148 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 149 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 150 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 151 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 152 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 153 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 154 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 155Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 157 Consumer awareness, trust and usage to take out banking products of the web site 158。