美国文学2 Edgar Allan Poe
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allan poe 最著名的诗
《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》等是爱伦·坡最著名的诗。
1.爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe，1809年1月19日-xxx），美国文学家、诗人、小说家、文学评论家和编辑，被誉为恐怖文学和侦探小说之父，以其心理恐怖文学作品著称。
2.《乌鸦》是爱伦·坡最著名的诗之一，它被认为是美国文学史上最伟大的作品之一，直到今天它仍然具有深远的影响力。
3.这首诗以诗人孤独和悲伤的内心世界为主题，描述了一个孤独哀伤的男子，因失去了心爱的女人琳达而陷入绝望之中。
4.诗中的“乌鸦”代表了逝去的象征，它不断地重复“从未更”这句话，无情地嘲讽诗人，使他更加绝望和绝望。
5.《乌鸦》采用了复杂的韵律和押韵，诗歌节奏感极强，语言精练而深刻，给人以极强烈的震撼。
6.另一首著名的爱伦·坡的诗是《安娜贝尔·李》，它也是他的代表作之一，被认为是恐怖文学史上的经典之作。
7.《安娜贝尔·李》以其超凡的想象力和深刻的洞察力，揭示了诗人对已故恋人的思念之情，以及对逝去爱情的深深怀念。
8.这首诗以其独特的想象力和对逝去的恐惧感，将爱情和逝去结合在一起，表现出了爱伦·坡深沉的内心世界和对恐怖的探索。
9.《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》都具有极强的艺术价值和文学价值，它们对后世的文学创作产生了深远的影响，成为了后世文学作品的重要源泉。
10.爱伦·坡最著名的诗《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》不仅在诗歌创作上具有极高的艺术价值，而且在文学史上还产生了深远的影响，成为了美国文学史上的经典之作。
爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）以其独特的文学风格和对人性黑暗面的深刻洞察而闻名。
在他那短暂而不幸的一生中，他留下了许多著名的作品，其中最著名的当属《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》这两首诗。
《乌鸦》中的主人公，原本是一个愉快的年轻人，然而他的丧偶给他带来了无尽的痛苦和绝望。
Lecture 2 Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡
The Rocky Mountains
❖Long Tales
▪ The Gold-Bug (1843) ▪ Hans Phaall (1850) ▪ The Murders In The Rue Morgue (1841) ▪ The Mystery Of Marie Roget --- A Sequel To
About the man…
Married life…
In 1836 Edgar married his young cousin, Virginia Clemm.
She died in 1847. They had no children.
❖In his latter years, Poe was interested in several women. They included the poetess, Mrs. Sarah Helen Whitman, Mrs. Charles Richmond, and the widow, Mrs. Sarah Elmira Shelton, whom he had known in his boyhood as Miss Royster.
His famous poetry
❖ Alone ❖The City In the Sea Sleeper ❖ Lenore ❖ The Valley of Unrest ❖ The Haunted Palace ❖ The Raven ❖To Helen ❖Annabel Lee ❖ The Conqueror Worm ❖ Ulalume ❖A Valentine ❖ Eldorado
❖As Edgar grew older, he became involved in drinking and gambling. He was discharged from the Army for his neglect of duty. John Allan was so disappointed with Edgar, he cut him off and never had contact again.
Edgar Allan Poe 2
Style and theme
1.Poe’s best known fiction works are Gothic, a genre he followed to appease the public taste. His most recurring themes deal with questions of death, including its physical signs, the effects of decomposition, concerns of premature burial, the reanimation of the dead, and mourning. Many of his works are generally considered part of the dark romanticism genre, a literary reaction to transcendentalism, which Poe strongly disliked. He referred to followers of the movement as “frogpondians” after the pond on Boston Common and ridiculed their writings as “metaphor-run mad”. He once wrote in a letter to Thomas Holley Chivers that he did not dislike transcendentalists,” only the pretenders and sophists among them.
Literary theory
1.Poe’s writing reflects his literary theories, which he presents in his critics and also in essays such as “the poetic principle.” He disliked didacticisms and allegory, though he believes that meaning in literature should be an undercurrent just beneath the surface. Works with obvious meanings, he wrote, cease to be art. He believed that work of quality should be brief and focus on a specific single effect. To the end, he believed that the writer should carefully calculate every sentiment and idea.
1.Poe’s best known fiction works are Gothic, a genre he followed to appease the public taste. His most recurring themes deal with questions of death, including its physical signs, the effects of decomposition, concerns of premature burial, the reanimation of the dead, and mourning. Many of his works are generally considered part of the dark romanticism genre, a literary reaction to transcendentalism, which Poe strongly disliked. He referred to followers of the movement as “frogpondians” after the pond on Boston Common and ridiculed their writings as “metaphor-run mad”. He once wrote in a letter to Thomas Holley Chivers that he did not dislike transcendentalists,” only the pretenders and sophists among them.
Literary theory
1.Poe’s writing reflects his literary theories, which he presents in his critics and also in essays such as “the poetic principle.” He disliked didacticisms and allegory, though he believes that meaning in literature should be an undercurrent just beneath the surface. Works with obvious meanings, he wrote, cease to be art. He believed that work of quality should be brief and focus on a specific single effect. To the end, he believed that the writer should carefully calculate every sentiment and idea.
美国文学史Edgar Allan Poe
Murders in the Rue Morgue The Purloined Letter
• Horror (Gothic )
The Fall of the House of Usher The Tell-TaleHeart Tell-Tale Heart
Literary theory
• The Philosophy of Composition • The Poetic Principle
Style
Traditional, but not easy to read
Reception
“the jingle man”
Emerson
“an enthusiasm for Poe is the mark of a decidedly primitive state of development”
Reputation
• Master of the macabre • Forerunner of the detective story, science fiction, horror fiction, psychoanalytic criticism and symbolism • Aesthetic activist
Themes in Poe’s works
• Death—predominant theme in Poe’s writing
“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”
• Horror • Negative thoughts of science
Henry James
Tennyson Bernard Shaw
• Horror (Gothic )
The Fall of the House of Usher The Tell-TaleHeart Tell-Tale Heart
Literary theory
• The Philosophy of Composition • The Poetic Principle
Style
Traditional, but not easy to read
Reception
“the jingle man”
Emerson
“an enthusiasm for Poe is the mark of a decidedly primitive state of development”
Reputation
• Master of the macabre • Forerunner of the detective story, science fiction, horror fiction, psychoanalytic criticism and symbolism • Aesthetic activist
Themes in Poe’s works
• Death—predominant theme in Poe’s writing
“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”
• Horror • Negative thoughts of science
Henry James
Tennyson Bernard Shaw
美国文学课件(Poe)
• As a verse narrative, the poem is characterized by its dramatic variation of tone, which starts from mournfulness, and then progresses to trepidation and jocularity, and eventually to despair by way of hysterical self-torture. • In spite of its completeness of plot as a verse narrative, it is also characterized by its highly symbolic trait, which frequently leaves the reader with a feeling that it is difficult to read, because of its lack of adequate suggestions of certain meanings.
• 1827, a volume of poems Tamerlane and Other Poems was published in Boston • 1829, Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems, • 1831, Poems. • an editor first with The Southern Literary Messenger, later with such magazines as Graham’s and the Broadway Journal. • His marriage in 1835 to his first cousin, Virginia Clemn, deepened his financial difficulties. • 1839, “The Fall of the House of Usher” published in Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine
美国作家Edgar Allan Poe
Contemplating Poe’s life, there seemed a prophecy “nevermore” following all the time. The black raven not only appeared in his art world, but, more importantly, croaked in his real life.
Thus melancholy is the most legitimate of all the poetic tones.” And he concludes that “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”
In 1836,he married his thirteenyear-old cousion and lived a poor life.He gambled,drankexcessively, unemployed from time to time,which left him a bad reputation.His wife died in 1847, which left him inconsolable and more bitter with life thanever;He died,in mysterious circumstances,in October,1849. He lived and died in poverty.
His stories mark him as one of the originators of both horror and detective fiction. Many anthologies credit him as the "architect" of the modern short story.
美国文学2 Edgar Allan Poe..
Masculine rhyme: the recurrence of soundressed syllable eg. cold — bold
On the basis of the number of syllables Feminine rhyme: the stressed rhyming syllables are followed by identical unstressed syllables eg. spiteful— delightful
• 1.4.1. emotional, passionate, • Expressing and arousing strong feeling such as love, pity, fear, sadness, joy, etc from the author or from the reader
Triple rhyme: the rhyming stressed syllable is followed by two identical unstressed syllables eg. tenderly —slenderly
On the basis of the position in a line
• c. meter[格律]: poetic metre with a given number of feet, or fixed arrangement of accented and unaccented syllables. • Rising feet/meter: iamb (iambic), anapest (anapestic) • Falling feet/meter: trochee (trochaic), dactyl (dactylic)
美国文学史Edgar Allan Poe
Other works
Tales
The Black Cat The Cask of Amontillado A Descent into the Maelström The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar The Fall of the House of Usher The Gold-Bug Hop-Frog The Imp of the Perverse Ligeia The Masque of the Red Death Morella The Murders in the Rue Morgue The Oval Portrait The Pit and the Pendulum The Premature Burial The Purloined Letter The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether The Tell-Tale Heart
Байду номын сангаас
Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world, as well as in specialized fields, such as cosmology and cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of his homes are dedicated museums today. The Mystery Writers of America present an annual award known as the Edgar Award for distinguished work in the mystery genre.
美国文学爱伦坡英文介绍
1 The Raven (1844) 《乌鸦》 2 Annabel Lee 《安娜贝尔丽》 3 The Sleeper 《睡美人》 4 A Dream Within a Dream 《梦中梦》 5 Israfel 《伊斯拉菲尔》 6 The Bells 《钟》 7 Sonnet – To Science 《十四行诗--致科学》 8 To Helen 《献给海伦》 9 The City in the Sea 《海中的城市》
Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston in 1809. He was an American author, poet, editor, and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the death,he is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction story. He was a l s o the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.
made Poe famous as a poet
B:Short Stories
1 MS. Found in a Bottle (1833)
《瓶中手稿》
2 Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque (1839) 《荒诞奇异的故事 》
Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston in 1809. He was an American author, poet, editor, and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the death,he is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction story. He was a l s o the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.
made Poe famous as a poet
B:Short Stories
1 MS. Found in a Bottle (1833)
《瓶中手稿》
2 Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque (1839) 《荒诞奇异的故事 》
爱伦·坡（EdgarAlanPoe）诗选
爱伦·坡（EdgarAlanPoe）诗选埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）（1809～1849），十九世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家，美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员。
在世时长期担任报刊编辑工作。
其作品形式精致、语言优美、内容多样，在任何时代都是“独一无二”的风格。
坡以神秘故事和恐怖小说闻名于世，他是美国短篇故事的最早先驱者之一，又被尊为推理小说的开山鼻祖，进而也被誉为后世科幻小说的始祖。
他是第一个尝试完全依赖写作谋生的知名美国作家，从而导致贫困潦倒。
致海伦海伦啊，你的美貌对于我，就象那古老的尼赛安帆船，在芬芳的海面上它悠悠荡漾，载着风尘仆仆疲惫的流浪汉，驶往故乡的海岸。
你兰紫色的柔发，古典的脸，久久浮现在波涛汹涌的海面上，你女神般的风姿，将我带回往昔希腊的荣耀，和古罗马的辉煌。
看，神龛金碧，你婷婷玉立，俨然一尊雕像，手提玛瑙明灯，啊，普赛克，你是来自那神圣的地方！安娜蓓尔·李那是在许多年、许多年以前，在海边的一个王国里住着位姑娘，你可能也知道她名叫安娜蓓尔·李：这姑娘的心里没别的思念，就除了她同我的情意。
那时候我同她都还是孩子，住在这海边的王国里；可我同她的爱已不止是爱－－同我的安娜蓓尔·李－－已使天堂中长翅膀的仙子想把我们的爱夺去。
就因为这道理，很久很久前在这个海边的王国里，云头里吹来一阵风，冻了我美丽的安娜蓓尔·李；这招来她出身高贵的亲戚，从我这里把她抢了去，把她关进石头凿成的墓穴，在这个海边的王国里。
天上的仙子也没那样快活，所以把她又把我妒忌－－就因为这道理（大家都知道），在这个海边的王国里，夜间的云头里吹来一阵风，冻死了安娜蓓尔·李。
我们的爱远比其他人强烈－－同年长于我们的相比，同远为聪明的人相比；无论是天国中的神人仙子，还是海底的魔恶鬼厉，都不能使她美丽的灵魂儿同我的灵魂儿分离。
因为月亮的光总叫我梦见美丽的安娜蓓尔·李；因为升空的星总叫我看见她那明亮眼睛的美丽；整夜里我躺在爱人的身边－－这爱人是我生命，是我新娘，她躺在海边的石穴里，在澎湃大海边的墓里。
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varied length, meter, and form. • d. Sonnet: 14 lines, the Italian (or
Petrarchan: 8-line octave + 6-line sestet; typical rhyming: abbaabba+cdcdcd/cdecde) and the English (or Shakespearean: three 4line quatrains + a concluding 2-line couplet)
eg. bright and night heaven and seven see and thee
1.3.7. Sound
Rhyme: two or more words or phrases
contain an identical or similar vowel-sound, usually stressed, and the consonant sounds that follow the vowel-sound are identical and preceded by different consonants.
1.2.2. Lyram[诙谐诗]: short poem expressing an idea in clear and amusing way
• b. Elegy: a lament for the dead. • c. Ode: a long stately poem in stanzas of
1.2.Types of poetry
• 1.2.1. Narrative poetry • a. Epic: long narrative poems that record
the adventures of a hero whose exploits [brave or adventurous deeds or action] are important to the history of a nation. As Homeric epics (a blind bard): The Iliad and The Odyssey • b. Ballad: a simple poem(less ambitious than epics) that tells a story. • c. Romance: another type of narrative poem, in which adventure is a central feature.
• d.“A good poem is the crystalization of word and emotions.”
• e. The traditional American dictionary defines poetry as : A verbal composition designed to convey experiences, ideas, or emotions in a vivid and imaginative way, characterized by the use of condensed languages chosen for its sound and suggestive power and by the use of literary techniques such as meter, metaphor, and rhyme.
1.3. Elements of poetry
• 1.3.1. Voice: speaker and tone • 1.3.2. Diction: the best words in the best order
(Samuel Taylor Coleridge) • 1.3.3. Imagery: a concrete representation of a
• 1.3.5. Symbolism: a symbol is any object or action that means more than itself, any object or action that represents sth beyond itself.
• 1.3.6. Syntax: the grammatical structure of words in sentences and the development of sentences in longer units throughout the poem.
Edgar Allan Poe
(1809-1849)
I. Introduction to poetry 1.1. What is poetry
• a. Emily Dickinson: “when I read something I feel so cold that no fire can warm me, I know it’s poetry; when I read something I feel my head is chopped off, I know it’s poetry.”
sense impression, a feeling, or an idea. • Images: visual, aural, tactile, olfactory
(something smelled), gustatory (sth tasted) • 1.3.4. Figures of speech: simile and metaphor
• b. The poet has found the emotion, the emotion has found the word.
• c. Wordsworth: “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”.
Petrarchan: 8-line octave + 6-line sestet; typical rhyming: abbaabba+cdcdcd/cdecde) and the English (or Shakespearean: three 4line quatrains + a concluding 2-line couplet)
eg. bright and night heaven and seven see and thee
1.3.7. Sound
Rhyme: two or more words or phrases
contain an identical or similar vowel-sound, usually stressed, and the consonant sounds that follow the vowel-sound are identical and preceded by different consonants.
1.2.2. Lyram[诙谐诗]: short poem expressing an idea in clear and amusing way
• b. Elegy: a lament for the dead. • c. Ode: a long stately poem in stanzas of
1.2.Types of poetry
• 1.2.1. Narrative poetry • a. Epic: long narrative poems that record
the adventures of a hero whose exploits [brave or adventurous deeds or action] are important to the history of a nation. As Homeric epics (a blind bard): The Iliad and The Odyssey • b. Ballad: a simple poem(less ambitious than epics) that tells a story. • c. Romance: another type of narrative poem, in which adventure is a central feature.
• d.“A good poem is the crystalization of word and emotions.”
• e. The traditional American dictionary defines poetry as : A verbal composition designed to convey experiences, ideas, or emotions in a vivid and imaginative way, characterized by the use of condensed languages chosen for its sound and suggestive power and by the use of literary techniques such as meter, metaphor, and rhyme.
1.3. Elements of poetry
• 1.3.1. Voice: speaker and tone • 1.3.2. Diction: the best words in the best order
(Samuel Taylor Coleridge) • 1.3.3. Imagery: a concrete representation of a
• 1.3.5. Symbolism: a symbol is any object or action that means more than itself, any object or action that represents sth beyond itself.
• 1.3.6. Syntax: the grammatical structure of words in sentences and the development of sentences in longer units throughout the poem.
Edgar Allan Poe
(1809-1849)
I. Introduction to poetry 1.1. What is poetry
• a. Emily Dickinson: “when I read something I feel so cold that no fire can warm me, I know it’s poetry; when I read something I feel my head is chopped off, I know it’s poetry.”
sense impression, a feeling, or an idea. • Images: visual, aural, tactile, olfactory
(something smelled), gustatory (sth tasted) • 1.3.4. Figures of speech: simile and metaphor
• b. The poet has found the emotion, the emotion has found the word.
• c. Wordsworth: “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”.