美国文学2 Edgar Allan Poe
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allan poe 最著名的诗
《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》等是爱伦·坡最著名的诗。
1.爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe，1809年1月19日-xxx），美国文学家、诗人、小说家、文学评论家和编辑，被誉为恐怖文学和侦探小说之父，以其心理恐怖文学作品著称。
2.《乌鸦》是爱伦·坡最著名的诗之一，它被认为是美国文学史上最伟大的作品之一，直到今天它仍然具有深远的影响力。
3.这首诗以诗人孤独和悲伤的内心世界为主题，描述了一个孤独哀伤的男子，因失去了心爱的女人琳达而陷入绝望之中。
4.诗中的“乌鸦”代表了逝去的象征，它不断地重复“从未更”这句话，无情地嘲讽诗人，使他更加绝望和绝望。
5.《乌鸦》采用了复杂的韵律和押韵，诗歌节奏感极强，语言精练而深刻，给人以极强烈的震撼。
6.另一首著名的爱伦·坡的诗是《安娜贝尔·李》，它也是他的代表作之一，被认为是恐怖文学史上的经典之作。
7.《安娜贝尔·李》以其超凡的想象力和深刻的洞察力，揭示了诗人对已故恋人的思念之情，以及对逝去爱情的深深怀念。
8.这首诗以其独特的想象力和对逝去的恐惧感，将爱情和逝去结合在一起，表现出了爱伦·坡深沉的内心世界和对恐怖的探索。
9.《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》都具有极强的艺术价值和文学价值，它们对后世的文学创作产生了深远的影响，成为了后世文学作品的重要源泉。
10.爱伦·坡最著名的诗《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》不仅在诗歌创作上具有极高的艺术价值，而且在文学史上还产生了深远的影响，成为了美国文学史上的经典之作。
爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）以其独特的文学风格和对人性黑暗面的深刻洞察而闻名。
在他那短暂而不幸的一生中，他留下了许多著名的作品，其中最著名的当属《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》这两首诗。
《乌鸦》中的主人公，原本是一个愉快的年轻人，然而他的丧偶给他带来了无尽的痛苦和绝望。
Lecture 2 Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡
The Rocky Mountains
❖Long Tales
▪ The Gold-Bug (1843) ▪ Hans Phaall (1850) ▪ The Murders In The Rue Morgue (1841) ▪ The Mystery Of Marie Roget --- A Sequel To
About the man…
Married life…
In 1836 Edgar married his young cousin, Virginia Clemm.
She died in 1847. They had no children.
❖In his latter years, Poe was interested in several women. They included the poetess, Mrs. Sarah Helen Whitman, Mrs. Charles Richmond, and the widow, Mrs. Sarah Elmira Shelton, whom he had known in his boyhood as Miss Royster.
His famous poetry
❖ Alone ❖The City In the Sea Sleeper ❖ Lenore ❖ The Valley of Unrest ❖ The Haunted Palace ❖ The Raven ❖To Helen ❖Annabel Lee ❖ The Conqueror Worm ❖ Ulalume ❖A Valentine ❖ Eldorado
❖As Edgar grew older, he became involved in drinking and gambling. He was discharged from the Army for his neglect of duty. John Allan was so disappointed with Edgar, he cut him off and never had contact again.
Edgar Allan Poe 2
Style and theme
1.Poe’s best known fiction works are Gothic, a genre he followed to appease the public taste. His most recurring themes deal with questions of death, including its physical signs, the effects of decomposition, concerns of premature burial, the reanimation of the dead, and mourning. Many of his works are generally considered part of the dark romanticism genre, a literary reaction to transcendentalism, which Poe strongly disliked. He referred to followers of the movement as “frogpondians” after the pond on Boston Common and ridiculed their writings as “metaphor-run mad”. He once wrote in a letter to Thomas Holley Chivers that he did not dislike transcendentalists,” only the pretenders and sophists among them.
Literary theory
1.Poe’s writing reflects his literary theories, which he presents in his critics and also in essays such as “the poetic principle.” He disliked didacticisms and allegory, though he believes that meaning in literature should be an undercurrent just beneath the surface. Works with obvious meanings, he wrote, cease to be art. He believed that work of quality should be brief and focus on a specific single effect. To the end, he believed that the writer should carefully calculate every sentiment and idea.
1.Poe’s best known fiction works are Gothic, a genre he followed to appease the public taste. His most recurring themes deal with questions of death, including its physical signs, the effects of decomposition, concerns of premature burial, the reanimation of the dead, and mourning. Many of his works are generally considered part of the dark romanticism genre, a literary reaction to transcendentalism, which Poe strongly disliked. He referred to followers of the movement as “frogpondians” after the pond on Boston Common and ridiculed their writings as “metaphor-run mad”. He once wrote in a letter to Thomas Holley Chivers that he did not dislike transcendentalists,” only the pretenders and sophists among them.
Literary theory
1.Poe’s writing reflects his literary theories, which he presents in his critics and also in essays such as “the poetic principle.” He disliked didacticisms and allegory, though he believes that meaning in literature should be an undercurrent just beneath the surface. Works with obvious meanings, he wrote, cease to be art. He believed that work of quality should be brief and focus on a specific single effect. To the end, he believed that the writer should carefully calculate every sentiment and idea.
美国文学史Edgar Allan Poe
Murders in the Rue Morgue The Purloined Letter
• Horror (Gothic )
The Fall of the House of Usher The Tell-TaleHeart Tell-Tale Heart
Literary theory
• The Philosophy of Composition • The Poetic Principle
Style
Traditional, but not easy to read
Reception
“the jingle man”
Emerson
“an enthusiasm for Poe is the mark of a decidedly primitive state of development”
Reputation
• Master of the macabre • Forerunner of the detective story, science fiction, horror fiction, psychoanalytic criticism and symbolism • Aesthetic activist
Themes in Poe’s works
• Death—predominant theme in Poe’s writing
“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”
• Horror • Negative thoughts of science
Henry James
Tennyson Bernard Shaw
• Horror (Gothic )
The Fall of the House of Usher The Tell-TaleHeart Tell-Tale Heart
Literary theory
• The Philosophy of Composition • The Poetic Principle
Style
Traditional, but not easy to read
Reception
“the jingle man”
Emerson
“an enthusiasm for Poe is the mark of a decidedly primitive state of development”
Reputation
• Master of the macabre • Forerunner of the detective story, science fiction, horror fiction, psychoanalytic criticism and symbolism • Aesthetic activist
Themes in Poe’s works
• Death—predominant theme in Poe’s writing
“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”
• Horror • Negative thoughts of science
Henry James
Tennyson Bernard Shaw
美国文学课件(Poe)
• As a verse narrative, the poem is characterized by its dramatic variation of tone, which starts from mournfulness, and then progresses to trepidation and jocularity, and eventually to despair by way of hysterical self-torture. • In spite of its completeness of plot as a verse narrative, it is also characterized by its highly symbolic trait, which frequently leaves the reader with a feeling that it is difficult to read, because of its lack of adequate suggestions of certain meanings.
• 1827, a volume of poems Tamerlane and Other Poems was published in Boston • 1829, Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems, • 1831, Poems. • an editor first with The Southern Literary Messenger, later with such magazines as Graham’s and the Broadway Journal. • His marriage in 1835 to his first cousin, Virginia Clemn, deepened his financial difficulties. • 1839, “The Fall of the House of Usher” published in Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine
美国作家Edgar Allan Poe
Contemplating Poe’s life, there seemed a prophecy “nevermore” following all the time. The black raven not only appeared in his art world, but, more importantly, croaked in his real life.
Thus melancholy is the most legitimate of all the poetic tones.” And he concludes that “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”
In 1836,he married his thirteenyear-old cousion and lived a poor life.He gambled,drankexcessively, unemployed from time to time,which left him a bad reputation.His wife died in 1847, which left him inconsolable and more bitter with life thanever;He died,in mysterious circumstances,in October,1849. He lived and died in poverty.
His stories mark him as one of the originators of both horror and detective fiction. Many anthologies credit him as the "architect" of the modern short story.
美国文学2 Edgar Allan Poe..
Masculine rhyme: the recurrence of soundressed syllable eg. cold — bold
On the basis of the number of syllables Feminine rhyme: the stressed rhyming syllables are followed by identical unstressed syllables eg. spiteful— delightful
• 1.4.1. emotional, passionate, • Expressing and arousing strong feeling such as love, pity, fear, sadness, joy, etc from the author or from the reader
Triple rhyme: the rhyming stressed syllable is followed by two identical unstressed syllables eg. tenderly —slenderly
On the basis of the position in a line
• c. meter[格律]: poetic metre with a given number of feet, or fixed arrangement of accented and unaccented syllables. • Rising feet/meter: iamb (iambic), anapest (anapestic) • Falling feet/meter: trochee (trochaic), dactyl (dactylic)
美国文学史Edgar Allan Poe
Other works
Tales
The Black Cat The Cask of Amontillado A Descent into the Maelström The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar The Fall of the House of Usher The Gold-Bug Hop-Frog The Imp of the Perverse Ligeia The Masque of the Red Death Morella The Murders in the Rue Morgue The Oval Portrait The Pit and the Pendulum The Premature Burial The Purloined Letter The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether The Tell-Tale Heart
Байду номын сангаас
Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world, as well as in specialized fields, such as cosmology and cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of his homes are dedicated museums today. The Mystery Writers of America present an annual award known as the Edgar Award for distinguished work in the mystery genre.
美国文学爱伦坡英文介绍
1 The Raven (1844) 《乌鸦》 2 Annabel Lee 《安娜贝尔丽》 3 The Sleeper 《睡美人》 4 A Dream Within a Dream 《梦中梦》 5 Israfel 《伊斯拉菲尔》 6 The Bells 《钟》 7 Sonnet – To Science 《十四行诗--致科学》 8 To Helen 《献给海伦》 9 The City in the Sea 《海中的城市》
Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston in 1809. He was an American author, poet, editor, and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the death,he is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction story. He was a l s o the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.
made Poe famous as a poet
B:Short Stories
1 MS. Found in a Bottle (1833)
《瓶中手稿》
2 Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque (1839) 《荒诞奇异的故事 》
Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston in 1809. He was an American author, poet, editor, and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the death,he is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction story. He was a l s o the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.
made Poe famous as a poet
B:Short Stories
1 MS. Found in a Bottle (1833)
《瓶中手稿》
2 Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque (1839) 《荒诞奇异的故事 》
爱伦·坡（EdgarAlanPoe）诗选
爱伦·坡（EdgarAlanPoe）诗选埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）（1809～1849），十九世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家，美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员。
在世时长期担任报刊编辑工作。
其作品形式精致、语言优美、内容多样，在任何时代都是“独一无二”的风格。
坡以神秘故事和恐怖小说闻名于世，他是美国短篇故事的最早先驱者之一，又被尊为推理小说的开山鼻祖，进而也被誉为后世科幻小说的始祖。
他是第一个尝试完全依赖写作谋生的知名美国作家，从而导致贫困潦倒。
致海伦海伦啊，你的美貌对于我，就象那古老的尼赛安帆船，在芬芳的海面上它悠悠荡漾，载着风尘仆仆疲惫的流浪汉，驶往故乡的海岸。
你兰紫色的柔发，古典的脸，久久浮现在波涛汹涌的海面上，你女神般的风姿，将我带回往昔希腊的荣耀，和古罗马的辉煌。
看，神龛金碧，你婷婷玉立，俨然一尊雕像，手提玛瑙明灯，啊，普赛克，你是来自那神圣的地方！安娜蓓尔·李那是在许多年、许多年以前，在海边的一个王国里住着位姑娘，你可能也知道她名叫安娜蓓尔·李：这姑娘的心里没别的思念，就除了她同我的情意。
那时候我同她都还是孩子，住在这海边的王国里；可我同她的爱已不止是爱－－同我的安娜蓓尔·李－－已使天堂中长翅膀的仙子想把我们的爱夺去。
就因为这道理，很久很久前在这个海边的王国里，云头里吹来一阵风，冻了我美丽的安娜蓓尔·李；这招来她出身高贵的亲戚，从我这里把她抢了去，把她关进石头凿成的墓穴，在这个海边的王国里。
天上的仙子也没那样快活，所以把她又把我妒忌－－就因为这道理（大家都知道），在这个海边的王国里，夜间的云头里吹来一阵风，冻死了安娜蓓尔·李。
我们的爱远比其他人强烈－－同年长于我们的相比，同远为聪明的人相比；无论是天国中的神人仙子，还是海底的魔恶鬼厉，都不能使她美丽的灵魂儿同我的灵魂儿分离。
因为月亮的光总叫我梦见美丽的安娜蓓尔·李；因为升空的星总叫我看见她那明亮眼睛的美丽；整夜里我躺在爱人的身边－－这爱人是我生命，是我新娘，她躺在海边的石穴里，在澎湃大海边的墓里。
美国文学课后习题
Unit2 Edgar Allan Poe1) Who is the narrator? What wrong does he want to redress?It is Montresor. Fortunato has given Montresor thousands of injuries that he has to bear before he has this opportunity of taking revenge.2) What is the pretext Montresor uses to lure Fortunado to his wine cellar?He claims that he has just got a cask of Amontilado and stores it in the wine cellar before he may find a connoisseur to testify to its authenticity.3) What happens to Fortunado in the end?The deceived Fortunado is killed because of his inability of getting out of the catacomb.4) Describe briefly how Poe characterizes Mortresor and Fortunado as contrasts. Poe characterizes Mortresor and Fortunado as seemingly contrasting characters chiefly by presenting their identical habit in wine and their different manners towards each other, but actually he intends to show some similarly defective aspects in their nature. The similarity in their nature is also suggested by their names as synonyms in Italian: Mortresor means “fortune” while Fortunado “treasure”. Their defective nature is highlighted when the revenger Mortresor, who is fully prepared on psychological and operating levels, throws the hardly prepared but totally deceived wrong-doer Fortunado into the deep and damp catacomb and blocks up its entrance with huge rocks.Unit 7 19th Century American Poets1.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1)I Shot an Arrow…1. Why did the speaker lose sight of his arrow and song?The arrow flies too swiftly and too far away to be seen by the speaker; whereas the song is naturally invisible.2. In what circumstances did he find them again?He finds them unexpectedly years later from the trunk of a tree and the heart of a friend.3. What do arrow and song stand for in this poem?The images of arrow and song here may stand for friendship.(2)A Psalm of Life1. What kind of person is the speaker of this poem?The speaker is a man of action, always optimistic and cheerful, trying to achieve as much as possible in the short span of life.2. According to the poem, how should our lives be led to overcome the fact that each day brings us nearer to death?We should work harder and live happier.3. Interpret the metaphor of "Footprints on the sand of time" (line 28).The metaphor refers to human deeds in real life.2. Walt Whitman(1)One's Self I Sing1. What is the significance of singing about one's self?It is an exaltation of the individual spirit, which is typical of American people.2. What is the difference between physiology and physiognomy?Physiology is a science that deals with the functions and life process of human beings, whereas physiognomy refers to an art of judging character from contours of face itself or the appearance of a person.3. What does Whitman mean by the term of "the Modern Man"?He means that a man should be free from any prejudice and pride, totally different from the traditional one, that is full of bias.(3)O Captain! My Captain!1. Why is the word "Captain" capitalized throughout the poem?In this poem the word “Captain” specially refers to Ab raham Lincoln, president of the United States.2. What overall metaphor does the poet employ in this poem?Life is a journey.3. Why do people on the shores exult and bells ring, while the speaker remains sosad?They welcome the ship returning from its hard trip, whereas the speaker is sad because the captain fails to receive his own honor.3.Emily Dickinson(1)To Make a Prairie …1. What things are needed to "make" a prairie? In what sense can one really do it? Some grass and insects and small animals. People can make a prairie with their imagination.2. How can "revery alone" create a prairie?The prairie stays in one's mind.(2) Success Is Counted Sweetest1. Why is success "counted sweetest by those who ne'er succeed"?Those who have tasted the bitterness of failure would have a keener desire for success.2. Who are "the purple host"?The so-called successful people in the world.3. Who is "he" in the last stanza?Anyone who is pursuing his success.(3) I'm Nobody!1. Who are the "pair of us" and "they" in this poem?The "pair of us" refers to the speaker in the poem and the reader, and "they" refers to the public, especially those in power.2. What does "an admiring bog" really mean?" (line 28).It Implies the vain and empty common people, who are always admiring and pursuing the celebrities.3. What is the theme of this poem?The real admirable life is a secluded and common one.4. Do you want to be "nobody" or "somebody"? Explain your reasons.Different persons would have different answers to this question. Personally, I prefer to be nobody.Unit 17 20th-Century American Poets1.Ezra PoundIn A Station of the Metro1. Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians "apparition"?These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst the drizzling rain.2. What do "petals" and "bough" stand for?Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd.2. Wallace StevensAnecdote of the Jar1. What does the jar in poem symbolize? Why does the speaker place it on top of a hill?The jar here symbolizes a certain perspective on looking at this world. If the perspective of the viewing is creative and unique, it will change the conventional order of the old world. When a new perspective comes out, it will certainly hold attention from the rest.2. The jar is "round" and "of a port in air," meaning that it has a stately importance. What effect does it have on surroundings when placed on the ground?Maybe the round jar assumes the air of a domineering figure, which helps to form a certain order out of the disordered surrounding.3. How did the wilderness of Tennessee characterized? What words or phrases does the poet use to describe it?Tennessee seems to a place full of life and energy. “Slovenly,” “sprawl” and “wild” are some of the words used to describe the place. (See Anecdote of the Jar )3. William Carlos WilliamsWilliam Carlos Williams1. How does the first two lines differ from the other pairs of lines?Each of the last three couplets creates a visual image (“a red wheelbarrow,” “glaz ed with rainwater,” and “the white chickens”), whereas the first one does not.2. What is the most visually compelling word in each of the last three pairs of lines? They are “red, glazed and white”. (See EXPLANA TION: “The Red Wheelbarrow” below)3. What is the meaning of "depends upon" in the first pair of lines?The opening lines set the tone for the rest of the poem. Since the poem is composed of one sentence broken up at various intervals, it is truthful to say that 'so much depends upon' each line of the poem. This is so because the form of the poem is also its meaning. This may seem confusing, but by the end of the poem the image of the wheelbarrow is seen as the actual poem, as in a painting when one sees an image of an apple, the apple represents an actual object in reality, but since it is part of a painting the apple also becomes the actual piece of art. These lines are also important because they introduce the idea that 'so much depends upon' the wheelbarrow.SEE answer 1.4.Robert Frost(1)Fire and Ice1. What are the symbolic meanings of fire in this poem?Fire symbolizes natural disaster, human passion, as well as war.2. Why does the speaker say that ice is also great for destruction? Explain what ice stands for here.Ice, oppose to fire, is also a dreadful natural disaster in this world, and ice is always related to indifference, coldness, hatred, and the other negative sentiments of human beings.3. What is your opinion about fire and ice? Which one is more destructive?Both fire and ice can destroy this beautiful world if they are beyond control of human beings. Therefore we should be open-minded and reduce our prejudice and pride so as to keep this world in peace.(2)Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening1. In your opinion, what was the reason that made the speaker stop by the woods on a snowy evening?The poet was deeply attracted by the natural beauty of the scene at that very moment.2. Why did the horse give the harness bell a shake?The horse grew impatient by stopping in the middle of the dark, cold woods at midnight. It was eager to go home.3. Why couldn't the speaker stay longer by the woods to appreciate its mysterious beauty?He realized that it was late at night and he would have to hurry home to get some food and sleep,because the next morning he would have a lot of work to do.4. What is the effect of repetition in the last two lines?The refrain-like repetition in the last two lines reminds the reader a simple fact of life: whatever happens, one must go forward in the journey of his or her life.(3) The Road Not Taken1. What is the speaker's initial response to the divergence of the two roads?The speaker is at a loss which road he should choose, and he feels sorry that he cannot explore both roads at the same time.2. Describe the similarities and differences of these two roads. Which one does the speaker take?Two roads are similar except one of them is more “grassy,” which implies that it is less traveled by people. The speaker prefers the less traveled one, because he likes adventure.3. What might the two roads stand for in the speaker's mind?One road stands for the traditional one and the other is unconventional one and full of challenges and difficulties. To follow other people's footsteps or to open a new road for himself is really not an easy decision for us to make in our lives.5. Langston Hughes(1)Dreams1. Why must we stick to our dreams?If God is not the first move in our life, surely our dreams are the same.2. What images does the poet employ to describe the life once we lose our dreams? Without dreams our life will be a broken bird and a barren field. I think without dream our life will be a grand ship drifting on the vast ocean, never knowing its destination.(2)Me And The Mule1. Why does the speaker identify himself with the mule?They share a lot in their life: hard-working and full of strength, submissiveness and kindness and honesty.2. What figure of speech does the poet employ in describing the mule? Personification.。
Unit 2 Edgar Allan Poe
SONNET- TO SCIENCE
Science! true daughter of Old Time thou art! Who alterest all things with thy peering eyes. Why preyest thou thus upon the poet's heart, Vulture, whose wings are dull realities? How should he love thee? or how deem thee wise, Who wouldst not leave him in his wandering To seek for treasure in the jewelled skies, Albeit he soared with an undaunted wing? Hast thou not dragged Diana from her car? And driven the Hamadryad from the wood To seek a shelter in some happier star? Hast thou not torn the Naiad from her flood, The Elfin from the green grass, and from me The summer dream beneath the tamarind tree?
VI. Reputation
• Nowadays, most of the critics all over the world have recognized the unique importance of Poe as a great writer of short stories, a poet of the first rank, and a critic of sharp insight. 1. He was the first to develop the short story as a distinctive art form and to elaborate criteria by which it can be judged. Therefore, he has often been regarded as the father of the modern short story. (Wu, 1998: 43) 2. He was widely recognized as father of detective story. 3. He was a great master of horror fiction and science fiction. 4. His writing and his literary theory has influenced the French symbolists and the devotees of “art for art’s sis one of Poe’s earliest poems, first published in 1831. Poe once acknowledged that the poem was inspired by his youthful admiration for Mrs. Jane Stith Stanard, mother of one of his classmates. However, the poem does not seem to depict a real woman but rather an ideal or classic beauty. Poe later identified Mrs. Stanard as “the first purely ideal love of my soul.”
edgar_allan_poe_爱伦坡_美国文学选读
Edgar Allan Poe
(1809-1849)
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
• I. Literary Status
• Pioneer of American Horror Tales, American Detective Tales, American Southern writings, American PsychoAnalytic fiction
• Editor, Poet and Professional literary critic
• II. Life and Career
• Born in an actor and actress’s family – his parents died when he was very young –adopted by a Virginia rich businessman John Allan – entered the Virginia University at 17 – West Point where he began to write poetry – then tales – editor of magazines.
正如尼安色建造的古船， 在芬芳馥郁的大海徐徐扬帆， 海伦，你的美丽与此相仿， 承载我这游子的疲乏厌倦， 送我重返故土的彼岸。
• The poet first mentioned Helen, the most famous beauty in Greek mythology. Then Poe compared himself to Odysseus, who wandered for ten years over the sea to get home. As Odysseus, Poe was persistent in his chasing after fine arts with the sincere belief that art, or beauty and truth, was the ultimate aim, the home, for the wandering poet; while Helen, the embodiment of ancient beauty, was the guider to that dreamland.
(1809-1849)
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
• I. Literary Status
• Pioneer of American Horror Tales, American Detective Tales, American Southern writings, American PsychoAnalytic fiction
• Editor, Poet and Professional literary critic
• II. Life and Career
• Born in an actor and actress’s family – his parents died when he was very young –adopted by a Virginia rich businessman John Allan – entered the Virginia University at 17 – West Point where he began to write poetry – then tales – editor of magazines.
正如尼安色建造的古船， 在芬芳馥郁的大海徐徐扬帆， 海伦，你的美丽与此相仿， 承载我这游子的疲乏厌倦， 送我重返故土的彼岸。
• The poet first mentioned Helen, the most famous beauty in Greek mythology. Then Poe compared himself to Odysseus, who wandered for ten years over the sea to get home. As Odysseus, Poe was persistent in his chasing after fine arts with the sincere belief that art, or beauty and truth, was the ultimate aim, the home, for the wandering poet; while Helen, the embodiment of ancient beauty, was the guider to that dreamland.
美国文学Unit2Poe
Vocabulary
Precluded- v. prevented; made impossible in advance Retribution- n. payback; punishment for a misdeed Accosted- v. greeted, especially in an aggressive way Afflicted- v. suffering or sickened Explicit- adj. clearly stated
Demons
Alcohol addiction Gambling Addiction Guilt of Incest Emotional Instability Social ―Misfit‖ Financial Failure Catalytic Sleeping Illness the most controversial and most misunderstood literary figure.
Hawthorne/Poe
Hawthorne described the conflict between the intellect and heart.
Poe described the conflict between two sides of the intellect.
“The Cask of Amontillado” by Edgar Allan Poe
Selected Readings in American Literature
Unit 2
The American Romanticism
爱伦·坡诗选（美国）
爱伦·坡诗选（美国）
埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）（1809～1849），19世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家，美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员。
埃德加·爱伦·坡1809年1月19日生于马萨诸塞州的波士顿，他年幼时父母双亡，随即被弗吉尼亚州里士满的约翰和弗朗西丝斯·爱伦夫妇收养，在弗吉尼亚大学就读了短暂的一段时间后辍学，之后从军，爱伦·坡离开了爱伦夫妇。
爱伦坡低调地开始了他的写作生涯，匿名出版了诗集《帖木尔和其它的诗》。
1835年他在巴尔的摩和13岁的表
妹弗吉尼亚·克莱姆结婚。
1838年《阿瑟·戈登·皮姆的故事》出版并被受到了广泛的关注。
1839年夏天，爱伦·坡成为《伯顿绅士杂志》（Burton's Gentleman's Magazine）的助理编辑。
这期间他发表了的随笔、小说，和评论，加强了他在《南方文学信使》工作时期开始确立的敏锐批评家的声誉，同期，《怪异故事集》上下卷在1839年出版。
1845年1月，爱伦·坡发表诗歌“乌鸦”，一时声誉鹊起。
1849年10月7日逝于巴尔的摩。
美国文学欣赏Edgar_Allan_Poe PPT
• An unhappy youth: at 17 went to the University of Virginia but did not finish, an appointment to West Point but was dismissed less than a year later
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
His position
Poe’s position in world literature is secure. His influence is world-wide in modern literature. His aesthetics and conscious craftsmanship, his attack on “the heresy of the didactic” and his call for “the rhythmical creation of beauty” have influenced French symbolism and the devotees of “art for art’s sake”. Poe is father of many things, one of which is psychoanalytic criticism, the other being the detective story.
Part II. Poe’s literary position
– Forerunner of western decadent literature – Forerunner of aesthetic literature – Explorer of abnormal psychology – Father of psychoanalytic criticism – Path-breaker of American detective novel – Father of modern short story
poe写作风格
poe写作风格摘要：1.简介与引言2.爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）的写作风格特点3.坡的作品对后世的影响4.坡的代表作品赏析5.总结与评价正文：一、简介与引言爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe，1809-1849）是美国文学史上具有重要地位的作家，被誉为“美国短篇小说之父”。
他的写作风格独特，对后世产生了深远的影响。
本文将对爱伦·坡的写作风格进行详细解析，以期对读者更好地理解和欣赏他的作品提供指导。
二、爱伦·坡的写作风格特点1.黑暗浪漫主义：爱伦·坡的作品具有浓厚的黑暗浪漫主义色彩。
他的作品中，人物命运多舛，情节诡异，氛围阴森恐怖，展现了人类内心深处的恐惧和悲剧。
2.神秘与惊悚：坡的作品以神秘、惊悚为主题，让人在阅读过程中产生紧张感和恐惧。
他擅长运用细腻的笔触描绘恐怖场景，使读者沉浸其中。
3.语言优美：爱伦·坡的语言独具魅力，诗意浓厚。
他擅长运用修辞手法，如拟人、比喻、象征等，使作品具有极高的艺术价值。
4.结构严谨：坡的作品结构紧凑，情节跌宕起伏。
他在构思和布局上精心设计，使作品具有强烈的逻辑性和悬念感。
三、坡的作品对后世的影响爱伦·坡的作品对后世产生了深远的影响。
他的短篇小说被誉为“现代悬疑小说的鼻祖”，对后世侦探小说、恐怖小说和科幻小说的发展产生了重要推动作用。
同时，他的诗歌作品也影响了后世的诗人，如托马斯·哈代、阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生等。
四、坡的代表作品赏析1.《破镜之谜》：这是坡的一部脍炙人口的侦探小说，讲述了一起离奇的命案。
作品情节紧凑，悬念迭起，展现了坡在推理小说领域的卓越才华。
2.《乌鸦》：这是坡的一首著名诗歌，以寓言的形式表达了作者对失去挚爱之人的悲痛和对生活的绝望。
诗歌语言优美，意境深邃，具有极高的艺术价值。
3.《鄂榭府崩溃记》：这是一部充满恐怖氛围的短篇小说，讲述了一座荒凉古堡中的诡异事件。
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varied length, meter, and form. • d. Sonnet: 14 lines, the Italian (or
Petrarchan: 8-line octave + 6-line sestet; typical rhyming: abbaabba+cdcdcd/cdecde) and the English (or Shakespearean: three 4line quatrains + a concluding 2-line couplet)
eg. bright and night heaven and seven see and thee
1.3.7. Sound
Rhyme: two or more words or phrases
contain an identical or similar vowel-sound, usually stressed, and the consonant sounds that follow the vowel-sound are identical and preceded by different consonants.
1.2.2. Lyram[诙谐诗]: short poem expressing an idea in clear and amusing way
• b. Elegy: a lament for the dead. • c. Ode: a long stately poem in stanzas of
1.2.Types of poetry
• 1.2.1. Narrative poetry • a. Epic: long narrative poems that record
the adventures of a hero whose exploits [brave or adventurous deeds or action] are important to the history of a nation. As Homeric epics (a blind bard): The Iliad and The Odyssey • b. Ballad: a simple poem(less ambitious than epics) that tells a story. • c. Romance: another type of narrative poem, in which adventure is a central feature.
• d.“A good poem is the crystalization of word and emotions.”
• e. The traditional American dictionary defines poetry as : A verbal composition designed to convey experiences, ideas, or emotions in a vivid and imaginative way, characterized by the use of condensed languages chosen for its sound and suggestive power and by the use of literary techniques such as meter, metaphor, and rhyme.
1.3. Elements of poetry
• 1.3.1. Voice: speaker and tone • 1.3.2. Diction: the best words in the best order
(Samuel Taylor Coleridge) • 1.3.3. Imagery: a concrete representation of a
• 1.3.5. Symbolism: a symbol is any object or action that means more than itself, any object or action that represents sth beyond itself.
• 1.3.6. Syntax: the grammatical structure of words in sentences and the development of sentences in longer units throughout the poem.
Edgar Allan Poe
(1809-1849)
I. Introduction to poetry 1.1. What is poetry
• a. Emily Dickinson: “when I read something I feel so cold that no fire can warm me, I know it’s poetry; when I read something I feel my head is chopped off, I know it’s poetry.”
sense impression, a feeling, or an idea. • Images: visual, aural, tactile, olfactory
(something smelled), gustatory (sth tasted) • 1.3.4. Figures of speech: simile and metaphor
• b. The poet has found the emotion, the emotion has found the word.
• c. Wordsworth: “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”.
Petrarchan: 8-line octave + 6-line sestet; typical rhyming: abbaabba+cdcdcd/cdecde) and the English (or Shakespearean: three 4line quatrains + a concluding 2-line couplet)
eg. bright and night heaven and seven see and thee
1.3.7. Sound
Rhyme: two or more words or phrases
contain an identical or similar vowel-sound, usually stressed, and the consonant sounds that follow the vowel-sound are identical and preceded by different consonants.
1.2.2. Lyram[诙谐诗]: short poem expressing an idea in clear and amusing way
• b. Elegy: a lament for the dead. • c. Ode: a long stately poem in stanzas of
1.2.Types of poetry
• 1.2.1. Narrative poetry • a. Epic: long narrative poems that record
the adventures of a hero whose exploits [brave or adventurous deeds or action] are important to the history of a nation. As Homeric epics (a blind bard): The Iliad and The Odyssey • b. Ballad: a simple poem(less ambitious than epics) that tells a story. • c. Romance: another type of narrative poem, in which adventure is a central feature.
• d.“A good poem is the crystalization of word and emotions.”
• e. The traditional American dictionary defines poetry as : A verbal composition designed to convey experiences, ideas, or emotions in a vivid and imaginative way, characterized by the use of condensed languages chosen for its sound and suggestive power and by the use of literary techniques such as meter, metaphor, and rhyme.
1.3. Elements of poetry
• 1.3.1. Voice: speaker and tone • 1.3.2. Diction: the best words in the best order
(Samuel Taylor Coleridge) • 1.3.3. Imagery: a concrete representation of a
• 1.3.5. Symbolism: a symbol is any object or action that means more than itself, any object or action that represents sth beyond itself.
• 1.3.6. Syntax: the grammatical structure of words in sentences and the development of sentences in longer units throughout the poem.
Edgar Allan Poe
(1809-1849)
I. Introduction to poetry 1.1. What is poetry
• a. Emily Dickinson: “when I read something I feel so cold that no fire can warm me, I know it’s poetry; when I read something I feel my head is chopped off, I know it’s poetry.”
sense impression, a feeling, or an idea. • Images: visual, aural, tactile, olfactory
(something smelled), gustatory (sth tasted) • 1.3.4. Figures of speech: simile and metaphor
• b. The poet has found the emotion, the emotion has found the word.
• c. Wordsworth: “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”.