2009年5月三级笔译实务试题及答案

2009年英语三级真题、答案及详细解析Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.The United States is a confederation of states. Each state has the(26) to make laws with regard to the state. (27) , based on public opinion, states can(28) policies regarding education, and they may(29) a state income tax; they also determine the speed(30) , housing codes, and the drinking age.In most parts of the United States, you(31) be 21 years old to buy alcohol in a liquor store, bar,(32) restaurant. In some states you may buy beer in a grocery store. If a store sells alcohol to a minor, the(33) of the store is usually(34) a large sum of money.(35) , many areas have an open-container law,(36) means that people may not drink alcohol on the street or in a car. Anyone(37) with an open container of alcohol may be arrested.(38) , with all of these laws, the(39) of alcohol is a serious(40) in the United States and Canada. Drinking on college campuses,(41) there are many underage drinkers has(42) greatly. In fact, alcohol sales have gone up(43) the legal drinking age was(44) from 18 to 21. Some people believe that if there were no legal drinking age,(45) in some other countries, North American youth would drink less.26.A privilege B advantage C right D tradition27.A As a result B For example C In other words D In this case28.A demand B disagree C discuss D determine29.A collect B issue C demand D implement30.A limit B control B control D regulation31.A can B shall B shall D must32.A and B or C also D not33.A clerk Bsalesperson Cowner D host34.A fined B charged C punished D suffered35.A In addition B In fact C In reality D In general36.A that B this C it D which37.A exposed B suspected C caughted D detected38.D detected B Anyway C Moreover D Neverthless39.A application B consumption C expenditure D usage40.A condition B crisis C question D problem41.A though B as C where D which32.A raised B increased C peaked D climaxed43.D climaxed B since C before D after44.A shifted B upgraded C uplifted D changed45.A same B for C as D inSection ⅢReading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 1A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the surprise sudden increase in the volume of traffic through an area affects a sudden increase in crime does. Appleyard observed this by firhouse in San Francisco that looked much alike and had middle-class and working-class residents. The difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia in Appleyard‟s terminology while Gough Street (MEDIUM street) had 9,000 cars a day and Franklin Street (HEA VY street) had around 16,000 cars a day.Franklin Street often had as many cars in an hour as Octavia Street had in a day. Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes, and soot, directly, and trash secondarily. That is, the cars didn‟t bring in much trash, but when trash accumulated, residents seldo m picked it up. The cars, Appleyard determined, reduced the amount of territory residents felt responsible for. Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes. Many Franklin Street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in the rear of their houses. Most families with children had already left.Conditions on Octavia Street were much different. Residents picked up trash. They sat on their front steps and chatted with neighbors. They had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on Franklin.On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased. People were becoming more and more preoccupied with their own lives. A number of families had recently moved. And more were considering it. Those who were staying expressed deep regret at the destruction of their community.46.Appleyard‟s study focuses on the influence of ______.A.traffic volume on the residentsB.rate of crime on the neighborhoodC.social classes on the transportationD.degree of pollution on the environment47.Appleyard discovered that increase in the volume of traffic ______.A.made people more violentB.would lead to increase in crimeC.was accompanied by increase in crimeD.had the same effect on people as increase in crime48.The author‟s main purpose in the second paragraph is to ______.A.discuss the problem of handling trashB.suggest ways to cope with traffic problemsC.point out the disadvantages of heavy trafficD.propose an alternative system of transportation49.People on Gough Street ______.A.felt sorry that their block had been pulled downB.felt indifferent about people moving outC.thought their old community was goneD.thought mostly of themselves50.What can we learn about Franklin StreetA.It is not a nice neighborhood for childreB.People often throw trash out as they drive througC.People there have made friends with people on OctaviD.People there own twice as many cars as people on Gough StreeText 2Imagine, if you will, the average games player. What do you see A guy who never grew up Or a nervous 18-year-old pushing buttons on his controller, lost and alone in a violent onscreen world Sorry, you lose. The average gamer is starting to look pretty much like the average person. For the first time, according to a US poll commissioned by AOL Games, roughly half of those surveyed, ages 12 to 55, are tapping away at some kind of electronic game—whether on a PC, a cell phone or another handheld device—for an average of three hours every week.The games people play say a lot about who they are. Machines like the Xbox and PlayStation 2 are largely the territory of twenty-something men, who prefer to picture themselves as sports …stars and racing drivers. Men 50 and older prefer military games. Teenage girls are much more likely than boys to play games on their phone, while older women make up the majority of people playing card games such as Hearts on line.Is it a good thing, all this time spent on games Or is it as harmful as television, pulling people ever further from reality The AOL survey suggests some players are in denial about the extent of their habit. One in 10 gamers find it impossible to resist games; 1 in 4 admits to losing a night‟s sleep to play games; and another quarter has been too absorbed to have meals.But don‟t think we‟re all heading into a world with everyone plugged into, if not totally controlled by, his own game. Quite the contrary: gamers appear to be more engaged with reality than other kinds of couch potatoes. According to a comprehensive survey by the Entertainment Software Association (ESA-whose members, of course, want you to think video games are healthy), gamers spend an average of 23 hours a week volunteering and going to church, concerts, museums and other cultural events. More enthusiastic gamers who play 11 hours a week or more spend ever more time out in the cultural world (34 hours).51. The AOL survey finds that electronic games ______.A.do not present a violent onscreen worldB.no longer keep gamers from growing upC.are no longer exclusive to young peopleD.are not as popular with teenagers as before52.Who does the author say tend to identify themselves with the characters in the gameA.Teenage girlB.Older womeC.Men in their 20D.Men 50 and olde53.When asked about the extent of their habit, some players ______.A.refused to provide an answer to this questionB.denied they were affected by electronic gamesC.wondered why they were asked such a questionD.stressed their interest in playing electronic games54.It can be inferred from the text that ______.A.electronic games are less harmful than televisionB.television viewers are more realistic than gamersC.television is more popular than electronic gamesD.gamers have less self-control than TV viewers55.According to the writer, the ESA members ______.A.have sufficient knowledge of gamesB.think their games are healthy productsC.serve as the role models for game playersD.are concerned about gamers' cultural activitiesText 3The ostrich, the largest bird in the world at present, lives in the drier regions of Africa outside the actual deserts. Because of its very long, powerful legs and the floating effect of its extended wings, it is able to run at great speed over considerable distances.The female ostrich normally produces about twenty eggs every rainy season. When the female ostrich begins to lay her eggs, however, she does not begin in her own nest. Instead she goes off in search of the nests of neighboring females and lays two or three eggs in each of them. By the time she has laid eight or nine eggs, she returns and lays the rest in her own nest.Because of the size of the eggs, the female ostrich cannot lay more than one every two days, so it takes her three weeks to finish laying in her own nest. During that period, she spends a lot of time away from her nest looking for food. And while she is off her nest, other females visit it to lay their eggs amongst hers. By the time she is ready to sit on the eggs to hatch them, there could be up to thirty eggs in her nest, over half of which are not her own.The female ostrich can comfortably cover only about twenty eggs when she is sitting on the nest so before settling down she pushes the surplus ten or so eggs out of the nest. The rejected eggs, however, never include any of her own. Each female is remarkably consistent in the size and shape of the eggs she produces, so it is not difficult for her to distinguish her own from those of strangers.Of all the eggs laid by a colony of ostriches, only a very small number hatch into young birds. There are times when nests are left unprotected, for there are too few males to sit on all the nests at night. Thus there are ample opportunities for their natural enemies to raid the nests and eat the eggs. In fact, nearly 80% of the nests are destroyed. But even if a particular female‟s nest suffers this fate, there is a good chance that one or two of her eggs will be hatched in the nest of one of her neighbors.56.We learn from the text that an ostrich can go a long distance at high speed as ______.A.it is a special kind of birdB.it lives in large desert areasC.it has special wings and legsD.it is the largest bird in the world57.Normally, in every rainy season, the female ostrich produces about ______.A.12 eggs in her nestB.18 eggs in her nestC.20 eggs in her nestD.30 eggs in her nest58.The female ostrich would push some of the eggs out of her nest because ______.A.she can only hatch her own eggsB.those eggs are unlikely to be hatchedC.those eggs are to be hatched by othersD.she can only hatch a limited number of eggs59.The female ostrich identifies her own eggs by their size and ______.A.colorB.numberC.shapeD.weight60.The female ostrich lays her eggs in her neighbors' nests most probably because ______.A.her nest -is not big enoughB.she cannot protect all her eggsC.she cannot tolerate all her eggsD.her nest is not comfortable enoughPart BDirections: Read the opinions given by five scholars on challenges facing today‟s single women. For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each scholar (61 to 65) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.What the women I spoke with said was that they want a husband who is independent and dedicated to his career, but that he doesn‟t hav e to make a lot of money. The emphasis was always on finding a best friend—a soul mate—someone you could tell all your troubles to and who would be supportive. So it doesn‟t seem to be the case that these women were looking for super high-achieving men.Grise LevisonI think that for women, as well as for men, the standard for someone who you‟d want to spend your life with depends much more today on emotional intimacy. It takes some trial and error and a pretty long and dedicated search to identify the kind of person who is emotionally matching you and who is able to communicate and listen to trouble talk.Marry BrownIn recent decades girls have been raised to be more competitive and stronger than they were in the past. Several women I talked to mentioned that in their life they felt that their intelligence or intellectual achievement seemed to work against them in their romantic relationships with men. However, most of the women I interviewed felt that there were some men "out there" who would be attracted to smart women. The problem was finding them.Donna SmithI think, for the women I talked to, their ultimate sense of what they want in life includes family and children, but they aren‟t willing to think about the fact that they therefore will probably have to give up some of their own individual pursuits and career goals. I think the definition of success includes both love and work, and that the challenge is how to arrange that in a particular order.Elizabeth BudyI think that people who have clone at least some of the things that are essential for a wise judgment about a partner are more likely to eventually end up in a stable marriage. It‟s also true that they‟re likely to marry someone who is similar to them in education and earning pow er, which means that those marriages are likely to have more money in them.Now match the name of each scholar (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement.Note: there are two extra statements.Statements[A] Career success is in fact not a disadvantage.[B] The ability to choose a right partner ensures a stable mar riage.[C] How to balance career with family is key to success.[D] The essential part of marriage is the union of soul.[E] Finding an emotionally intimate mate isn‟t a piece of cake.[F] Career success ensures a solid marriage.[G] Social assistance is needed for today‟s single women.61.____________________62.____________________63.____________________64.____________________65.____________________Section ⅣWritingDirections: Y ou should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on ANSWER SHEET 2.Part A1. Y our friend Li Ming has written to invite you to go to his hometown together with him and you are willing to accept his invitation. Write a reply to Li Ming, 1. to express your appreciation and acceptance of his invitation;2. to ask about his schedule for the trip;3. to ask about what necessary preparations you need to make.Y ou should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your name at the end of your letter. Use "Wang Lin" instead. Y ou do not need to write the address.2. Below is a picture showing rubbish left in a park. Look at the picture and write an es- say of about 120 words making reference to the following points:1. a description of the picture;2. your comment on this picture and suggested solutions to the problem.答案26.答案:C[解析] 本题考查名词的用法。

2009.5职业技能鉴定国家题库 涉外秘书三级英语试卷(及答案) 注 意 事 项 1、考试时间：90分钟。

2、请首先按要求在试卷的标封处填写您的姓名、准考证号和所在单位的名称。

3、请仔细阅读各种题目的回答要求，在规定的位置填写您的答案。

4、不要在试卷上乱写乱画，不要在标封区填写无关的内容。

A. Listening Test 【注意：本试卷听力部分录音在“秘书英语听力录音 三级05”中。

】 I. Directions: Listen to the text about the meeting and choose the best answers for the questions. (5 questions, 2 marks for each question, 10 marks altogether) 1. The man announced ___________. (A) the meeting will begin (B) the meeting will be canceled (C) Mr. Hampton was ill (D) everyone should pay attention to something urgent 2. Mr. Hampton_____________. (A) is able to attend today ’s meeting (B) is able to attend tomorrow’s meeting (C) can ’t attend today ’s meeting (D) can ’t attend tomorrow ’s meeting 3. _______________ will be discussed in the meeting? (A) The draft of the next year ’s plan for the staff(B) The draft of the next year ’s plan for his company(C) The draft of the next year ’s plan for the sale(D) The draft of the next year ’s plan for the advertisement4. What is Susan responsible for? ____________(A) To make notes(B) To serve everyone in the meeting(C) To arrange the details in the meeting(D) To send the material in the meeting5. Who will talk first? ____________(A) Not mentioned(B) Mr. Smith(C) Mrs. Smith(D) Mrs. SmithII. Directions: Listen to the dialogue and tell whether the following statements are True or False. Write T forTrue and F for False in the brackets. (5 questions, 2 marks each question. 10 marks altogether.)1. [ ] The price in the list are much too high..2. [ ] According to the buyer, it is unreasonable to offer such high prices compared to others.3. [ ] The seller will reduce the price by 10% without any condition. 听力部分 笔试部分 总 分 核分人 得 分 得 分 评分人 得 分 评分人 考生 答 题 不 准 超 过 此 线地区姓名单位名称准考证号4. [ ] This potential buyer is satisfied with the concession made by the seller.5. [ ] In order to have the seller adjust their prices, the potential buyer orders a large quantity. B. Written Test I. Vocabulary and structure Directions:Multiple Choice questions (1 mark for each, 20 questions, 20 marks altogether) 1. The French pianist who had been praised very highly ______ to be a great disappointment. (A) turned up (B) turned down (C) turned in (D) turned out 2. They saw a car at the street _______ Irish license plates. (A) equipping (B) taking (C) bearing (D) proving 3. Please don ’t ____ __ for me, I may be late. (A) stay up (B) wake up (C) keep up (D) rise up 4. He completely ___ ___ all these facts as though they never existed. (A) disposes (B) ignores (C) fails (D) neglects 5. Discussions and debates are my __ ____ way of learning. (A) favorite (B) convinced (C) favorable (D) intended6. Read the ____ __ carefully before you switch on the engine.(A) orders (B) information(C) instructions (D) message7. Japan has ___ ___ West Germany in industrial production.(A) run over (B) overtaken(C) overthrown (D) conquered8. I can _ _____ him without reservation for the post he is seeking.(A) apply (B) approve(C) favor (D) recommend9. Father _ _____ to his study upstairs shortly after supper that evening.(A) left (B) resigned(C) relieved (D) retired10. These small white house are _____ _ of the Greek islands.(A) common (B) regular(C) characteristic (D) lovely11. To our disappointment, ____ __ turned out that the method did not work well.生 答 题 不 准 超 过 此 线 地 区 姓名 单 位名 称 准 考证 号(A) it (B) as(C) what (D) so12. ______ the chance, she could have done just as well as you have.(A) To give (B) Giving(C) Gave (D) Given13. All the while he was terrified by the fear ______ he had cancer of the stomach.(A) which (B) that(C) what (D) such14. He was not very intelligent, and ______.(A) neither did he work very hard too (B) neither didn’t he work very hard(C) neither did he work very hard (D) neither he worked very hard15. _______ I found that nearly half of the audience had left the hall.(A) Not long before it was (B) It was not long before(C) Not long it was before (D) Not before it was long16. Some knowledge of the computer is ______ great value in this job.(A) for (B) with(C) of (D) about17. ______ he had said it he knew what a mistake he had made.(A) In the minute (B) A minute(C) To the minute (D) The minute18. Five minutes earlier, ______ we could have caught the last train.(A) and (B) but(C) or (D) nor19. Jack, ______ was expected, performed the task with success.(A) which (B) that(C) as (D) it20. I should say Henry is not ______ a writer as a reporter.(A) that much (B) much(C) as such (D) so muchII. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: Read the following passage and do the multiple choice questions. (2 marks each, 10 marks altogether)In some ways the employment interview is like a persuasive speech because the applicant (interviewee) seeks to persuade the employer (interviewer) to employ him or her. Several suggestions might prove helpful to the applicant as preparation is made for the actual interview.A job applicant has the responsibility for ascertaining certain types of information prior to the interview. First, the applicant should know what kind of job he wants and how that job relates to his career objective. It is important that the applicant be able to state his reasons for wishing to work for a particular company. Second, the applicant should seek as much information as possible concerning the company. Relevant information for the applicant to locate includes such items as the location of the home and regional offices, the financial status of the company, plansfor expansion, and company philosophy. Information about most major corporations is available in reference books and periodicals. After gathering information concerning the company, the applicant is ready for the interview. The interviewer’s first impression comes from the interviewee’s appearance. For most interviews, appropria te dress for man is a conservative dark colored suit with a long sleeve white or light blue shirt and conservative tie. For women a conservative, tailored suit or dress is appropriate. Both men and women should have neat, conservative length hair. Although hairstyle and dress are matters of personal tastes, many personnel directors form initial impressions from these characteristics. For example, one recent college graduate, who felt himself qualified, interviewed for a public relations job. However, the pe rsonnel manager considered this young man’s long hair, sloppy dress, and overly casual manner unsuited for this particular position. 1. What ’s the purpose of this passage? （A ） To inform the candidates of the recent interview （B ） To give some advice to an employer. （C ） To inform the candidates of how to prepare for an interview （D ） To persuade the candidates to accept his advice 2. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage ? . （A ）The applicant should know the type of work and his career expectation （B ）The applicant should know as much as possible about the company （C ）The applicant should have the reasons a particular company has to employ him （D ）The applicant should not pay too much attention to his appearance 3. According to the passage, before the interview, the applicant can obtain some information about the company he wants to work for _______. （A ）on the internet （B ）in reference books and periodicals （C ）in the library （D ）from the employees of the company business and philosophy 4. What kind of information about the company, as the author suggests, should the candidate obtain ______ ? （A ）the financial status （B ）company philosophy （C ）plans for expansion, （D ）all of the above5. From the last two paragraphs we can infer that .（A ）first impression is of importance（B ）public relations are important in the interview（C ）self confidence is of great importance（D ）personal taste is quite important in the interviewSection B Directions: Decide whether the statements are 'tru e' or 'false' based on the text, write T for ‘true’and F for ‘false’. (2 marks for each, 10 marks altogether)Here are a few examples of business customs in foreign lands that one should be cognizant of:In Brazil, conversations can become very animated and involve physical contact and raised voices. Yettrying to dominate the conversation will meet with disapproval.In China, it's considered impolite to reply negatively. Answers like "we should discuss this further at anothertime" or "perhaps" are much better than a simple "no". The details can be worked out later. When givinggifts, avoid using white or green wrapping paper as those colors are considered to be inauspicious.In Germany, it's customary to wait to be introduced to someone new by a third party. People areuncomfortable when approached by complete strangers.When dining with co-workers in Japan, always let the host pay for the meal. Be sure to never leave yourchopsticks placed vertically in a bowl of rice as this is only done at funerals.The Irish are enthusiastic conversationalists who often indulge in criticism of themselves as a people andIreland as a country. If you're involved in this type of conversation, never agree with what is being said oryou'll find that both yourself and your country will be roundly abused.姓单准 生 答 题 不 准 超 过 此 线 地 区名位名 称考证 号Even in "close" countries like Canada, there are some differences in the way business people interact. Luckily there are many training programs available to familiarize business travelers and career people with the ins and outs of doing business in the international arena. 1. [ ] In Brazil, people usually talk animatedly, but they usually keep space distance with each other. 2. [ ] In China, people usually give a negative answer indirectly instead of the direct “No ”.3. [ ] In Germany, it ’s better not to bother to speak to a stranger if no one introduces him to you.4. [ ] Irish people tend to criticize their own country in conversation because they bear hatred to their country.5. [ ]The purpose of this article is probably to tell us that we should be aware of the different ways business people interact in different cultures and countries. III. Translation Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. (4 marks each, 20 marks altogether) 1. As you know, we value our long-established relationship with your corporation, and look forward to increasing business in the coming years. 2. Any information you can send us about the city itself and the surrounding countryside, including places of historical interest, will be very much appreciated.3. We are offering you goods of the very highest quality on unusually generous terms and would welcome the opportunity to serveyou.4. The meanings we exchange by speaking and by writing are not given in the words and sentences along but are also constructedpartly out of what our listeners and our readers interpret them to mean.5. The fact remains that women are now free to enter any career that attracts them; the situation has improved, and the tide is notlikely to turn back.IV . WritingDirections: Here you are required to write a reply to the letter asking for price reduction (20 marks)生 答 题 不 准 超过此 线 地 区 姓名 单 位名 称 准 考证 号Your letter should include the following items:-receive your inquiry of March 16, concerning the supply of our best automatic washing machine-enclose our price list and terms of business-requested an additional discount of 3%-but cut to absolute minimum, unable to allow you any discount-in spite of the increased cost of raw materials, …maintain present prices-look forward to hearing from you.职业技能鉴定国家题库涉外秘书（国家职业资格三级）英语试卷标准（参考）答案及评分标准A. Listening Test【注意：本试卷听力部分录音在“秘书英语听力录音三级05”中。

2009年5月二级笔译实务真题E-C Translation Compulsory Translation There was, last week, a glimmer of hope in the world food crisis. Expecting a bumper h By contrast, traders in Bangkok quote rice prices around $1,000 a ton, up from $460 tw Such is the volatility of today’s markets. We do not know how high food prices might Imagine the situation of those living on less than $1 a day - the “bottom billion,” In Liberia last week, I heard how people have stopped purchasing imported rice by the Traveling though West Africa, I found good reason for optimism. In Burkina Faso, I saw Elsewhere, I saw yet another women’s group slowly expanding their local agricultural These are home-grown, grass-roots solutions for grass-roots problems - preciselyTopic 1 For a decade, metallurgists studying the hulk of the Titanic have argued that the stor Now a team of scientists has moved into deeper waters, uncovering evidence in the buil The scientists found that the ship's builder, Harland and Wolff, in Belfast, struggled Each required three million rivets, and shortages peaked during Titanic's construction "The board was in crisis mode," said Jennifer Hooper McCarty, a member of the team tha The team collected other clues from 48 Titanic rivets, using modern tests, computer si The scientists say the troubles began when the colossal plans forced Harland and Wolff Adding to the threat, the company, in buying iron for Titanic's rivets, ordered No. 3 So the liner, whose name was meant to be synonymous with opulence, in at least one ins The scientists argue that better rivets would have probably kept the Titanic afloat lo C-E TranslationCompulsory Translation “中国制造”模式遭遇发展瓶颈，这种模式必须要改进和提高。

2009年05月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试三级笔译实务Section 1 English-Chinese T ranslation (英译汉) (60 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.Business of Green: An appeal to slow down on biofuelLast Friday an advisory panel to the European Environment Agency issued an extraordinary scientific opinion: The European Union should suspend its goal of having 10 percent of transportation fuel made from biofuel by 2020.The European Union's biofuel targets were increased and extended from 5.75 percent by 2010 to 10 percent by 2020 just last year. Still, Europe's well-meaning rush to biofuels, the scientists concluded, had produced a slew of harmful ripple effects - from deforestation in Southeast Asia to higher prices for grains.In a recommendation released last weekend, the 20-member panel, made up of some of Europe's most distinguished climate scientists, called the 10 percent target "overambitious" and an "experiment" whose "unintended effects are difficult to predict and difficult to control.""The idea was that we felt we needed to slow down, to analyze the issue carefully and then come back at the problem," Laszlo Somlyody, the panel's chairman and a professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, said in a telephone interview.He said that part of the problem was that when it set the targets, the European Union was trying desperately to solve the problem of rising transportation emissions "in isolation," without adequately studying the effects of other sectors like land use and food supply."The starting point was correct: I'm happy that the European Union took the lead in cutting greenhouse gasses and we need to control traffic emissions," Somlyody said. "But the basic problem is it thought of transport alone, without considering all these other effects. And we don't understand those very well yet."The panel's advice is not binding and it is not clear whether the European Commission will follow the recommendation.It has become increasingly clear that the global pursuit of biofuels - encouraged by a rash of targets and subsides in both Europe and the United States - has not produced the desired effect.Investigations have shown, for example, rain forests and peat swamp are being cleared to make way for biofuel plantations, a process that produces more emissions than the biofuels can save. Equally concerning, land needed to produce food for people to eat is planted with more profitable biofuel crops, and water is diverted from the drinking supply.In Europe and the United States, food prices for items like pizza and bread have increased significantly as grain stores shrink and wheat prices rise.The price of wheat and rice are double those of a year ago, and corn is a third higher, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization said this week."Food price inflation hits the poor hardest, as the share of food in their total expenditures is much higher than that of wealthier populations," said Henri Josserand of the Food and Agriculture Organization.Biofuels are not, of course, the only reason for high food prices. Fuel to transport food is more expensive with oil more than $100 a barrel. There have been unexpected droughts this yearas well.Should we conclude that all biofuels are bad?No. But motivated by the obvious problems now emerging, scientists have begun to take a harder look at their benefits.For example, the European Environment Agency advisory panel suggests that the best use of plant biomass is not for transport fuel but to heat homes and generate electricity.To be useful for vehicles, plant matter must be distilled to a fuel and often transported long distances. To heat a home, it can often be used raw or with minimal processing, and moved just a short distance away.Section 2 Chinese-English T ranslation (汉译英) (40 points)Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.上海作为国际知名的商务中心，有最著名的海港，亚洲最重要的证券市场之一，以及世界500强都不能忽视的巨大市场。

2009年5月全国翻译资格水平考试三级笔译真题分享2009年5月全国翻译资格水平考试三级笔译真题分享 [图片]综合-完形As Obama put it in his victory speech: "A new dawn of American leadership is at hand."Within minutes of the results, American television viewers were treated to what have become rare images from abroad: large crowds happily waving - rather than burning - American flags.Cheers for a charismatic young man who said his election showed that "America is a place where all things are possible" came from countries where a similar feat is a difficult to imagine.There are already voices who say the global goodwill Obama now enjoys cannot last and that there are limits to what a president can do to change the United States' image. True enough, but there is no better example than President George W. Bush of a U.S. leader's tremendous power to affect perceptions.The speed with which he managed to turn almost universal sympathy for the United States after September 11, 2001, into almost universal detestation was remarkable.What was remarkable in 2008 was how quickly Americans abroad sensed a change of mood. On the night of November 4, American expatriates posted jubilant messages to social networking sites like Facebook saying it was cool to be American again. Some expressed relief at no longer having to pretend to be Canadian, a long-time ruse to avoid being stereotyped. 实务-英译汉LECCO, Italy—Each morning, about 450 students travel along 17 school bus routes to 10 elementary schools in thislakeside city at the southern tip of Lake Como. There are zero school buses.In 2003, to confront the triple threats of childhood obesity, local traffic jams and —most important —a rise in global greenhouse gases abetted by car emissions, an environmental group here proposed aretro-radical concept: children should walk to school.They set up a piedibus(literally foot-bus in Italian) —a bus route with a driver but no vehicle. Each morning a mix of paid staff members and parental volunteers in fluorescent yellow vests lead lines of walking students along Lecco’s twisting streets to the schools’ gates, Pied Piper-style, stopping here and there as their flock expands.At the Carducci School, 100 children, or more than half of the students, now take walking buses. Many of them were previously driven in cars. Giulio Greppi, a 9-year-old with shaggy blond hair, said he had been driven about a third of a mil e each way until he started taking the piedibus. “I getto see my friends and we feel special becaus e we know it’s good for the environment,” he said.Although the routes are each generally less than a mile, the town’s piedibuses have so far eliminated more than 100,000 miles of car travel and, in principle, prevented thousands of tons of greenhouse gases from entering the air, Dario Pesenti, the town’s environment auditor, estimates.The number of children who are driven to school over all is rising in the United States and Europe, experts on both continents say, making up a sizable chunk of transportati on’s contribution to greenhouse-gas emissions. The “school run” made up 18 percent of car trips by urban residents of Britain lastyear, a national survey showed.In 1969, 40 percent of students in the United States walked to school; in 2001, the most recent year data was collected, 13 percent did, according to the federal government’s National Household Travel Survey. Lecco’s walking bus was the first in Italy, but hundreds have cropped up elsewhere in Europe and, more recently, in North America to combat the trend.Towns in France, Britain and elsewhere in Italy have created such routes, although few are as extensive and long-lasting as Lecco’s.实务-汉译英气候变化是人类发展进程中出现的问题，既受自然因素影响，也受人类活动影响，既是环境问题，更是发展问题，同各国发展阶段、生活方式、人口规模、资源禀赋以及国际产业分工等因素密切相关。

2014年5月Section 1：英译汉（50 分）全球变暖对格陵兰是福是祸？因此，作为格陵兰岛南部主要城镇之一，纳萨克的人口在短短十年中降至1500人，减少了一半。

自杀率也出现上升。

纳萨克最大的用工企业，一家虾厂，几年前倒闭了，原因是虾蟹都逃往了北方更寒冷的水域。

这里曾一度有八艘商业捕鱼船，现在只剩一艘了。

格陵兰岛纳萨克——随着皮艇港(Kayak Harbor)的冰山在融化过程中发出嘶嘶的响声，这座偏远的北极小镇和它的文化，也正在随着气候变化而消失。

格陵兰岛的一个渔民驾船驶过正在融化的冰山。

“捕鱼是这个小镇的核心。

”今年63岁的渔民汉斯•卡斯佩森(Hans Kaspersen)说，“很多人失去了生计。

”尽管逐渐升高的气温正在颠覆着格陵兰人传统的生活方式，但是气温升高也为这个只有5.7万人的国家提供了有趣的新机遇，这种机遇在纳萨克可能最为明显。

随着格陵兰岛广袤的冰盖逐渐消融，人们发现了储量丰富的新矿产和宝石，这为潜在利润巨大的采矿业奠定了基础。

全球最大的稀土金属矿藏就坐落在纳萨克城外不远处，稀土金属在生产手机、风力涡轮机和电动汽车时必不可少。

对格陵兰岛而言，这可能具有重大意义。

很长时间以来，格陵兰岛一直依赖其母国丹麦每年拨付的5亿美元资金支持维持运行。

采矿利润可能会帮助格陵兰岛实现经济上的自给自足，成为第一个因全球变暖而成立的主权国家。

知名工会领袖维图斯•奎奥基茨克(Vittus Qujaukitsoq)说，“我们的目标之一是取得独立。

”然而，把一个由个体渔民和猎人组成的社会，迅速转变为由企业采矿支撑的经济体，也引发了一些难题。

比如，格陵兰岛上与世隔绝的定居点，如何承受计划招徕的数千名波兰或中国建筑工人？采矿是否会破坏格陵兰岛的国家形象（鲸、海豹、寂静的冰川海湾，以及神秘的北极熊）所不可或缺的自然环境？渔民们能够把自身重塑成矿工吗？“我认为采矿就是我们的未来，但现在是一个艰难的阶段。

”格陵兰住房与基础设施部长、副总理延斯•B•佛雷德利克森(Jens B. Frederiksen)说，“这并不是一个所有人都赞成的计划，它会涉及传统、驾船的自由，以及代代相传的职业。

第一部分英译汉Last Friday an advisory panel to the European Environment Agency issued an extraordinary scientific opinion: The European union should suspend its goal of having 10 percent of transportation fuel made from biofuel by 2020.The European Union's biofuel targets were increased and extended from 5.75 percent by 2010 to 10 percent by 2020 just last year. Still, Europe's well-meaning rush to biofuels, the scientists concluded, had produced a slew of harmful ripple effects- from deforestation in Southeast Asia to higher prices for grain.In a recommendation released last weekend, the 20-member panel, made u of some of Europe's most distinguished climate scientists, called the 10-percent target "overambitious" and an "experiment" whose "unintended effects are difficult to predict and difficult to control.""The idea was that we felt we needed to slow down, to analyze the issue carefully and then come back at the problem," Laszlo Somlyody, the panel's chairman and a professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, said in a telephone interview.He said that part of the problem was that when it set the target, the European Union was trying desperately to solve the problem of rising transportation emissions "in isolation," without adequately studying the effects of other sectors like land use and food supply."The starting point was correct: I'm happy that the European Union took the lead in cutting greenhouse gases and we need to control traffic emissions," Somlyody said. "But the basic problem is it thought of transport alone, without considering all these other effects. And we don't understand those very well yet."The panel's advice is not binding and it is not clear whether the European Commission will follow the recommendation.It has become increasingly clear that the global pursuit of biofuels --encouraged by a rash of targets and subsidies in both Europe and the United States - has not produced the desired effect.Investigations have shown, for example, rain forests and swamps are being cleared to make way for biofuel plantations, a process that produces more emissions than the biofuels can save.Meanwhile, land needed to produce food for people to eat is planted with more profitable biofuel crops, and water is diverted from the drinking supply.In Europe and the United States, food prices for items like pizza and bread have increased significantly as grain stores shrink and wheat prices rise.The prices of wheat and rice are double those of a year ago, and corn is a third higher, the Food and Agriculture Organization said this week."Food price inflation hits the poor hardest, as the share of food in their total expenditures is much higher than that of wealthier populations," said Henri Josserand of the Food and Agriculture Organization.Biofuels are not, of course, the only reason for high food prices. Fuel used to transport food is more expensive, and there have been unexpected droughts this year as well.Should we conclude that all biofuels are bad?No. But motivated by the obvious problems now emerging, scientists have begun to take a harder look at their benefits.For example, the European Environment Agency advisory panel suggests that the best use of plant biomass is not for transport fuel but to heat homes and generate electricity.To be useful for vehicles, plant matter must be distilled to a fuel and often transported long distances. To heat a home, it can often be used raw or with minimal processing, and moved just a short distance away.第二部分汉译英作为一个国际商业中心，上海拥有繁忙的港口，亚洲最重要的证券交易所之一，以及世界500强都不能忽视的巨大市场。

2006年5月三级笔译参考译文随着天气变暖，北极圈的冰层开始融化，海水涌上来开始侵蚀沿岸村落。

拜考夫斯凯村位于俄罗斯东北部沿海地区，居住着457个村民，这里的海岸线已经遭到破坏，海水正以每年15－18英尺的速度向内陆的房屋和采暖用油桶逼近。

“这里本来全都是冰，我们称之为永久冻土，但是现在已经开始融化了。

”对于居住在北极圈里的四百万人来说，气候变化给他们带来了新的机遇。

但是，这也威胁着他们赖以生存的环境和家园，而对于那些祖祖辈辈生活在冰雪荒原的人们来说，这还关乎他们能否保住自己的文化。

对北部地区的进一步开发随着北冰洋的融化加快了脚步，给当地人民带来了利益，也带来了危险。

在巴伦支海和卡拉海发现了广阔的油田，但人们担心先装满石油然后很快就是液化天燃气的轮船发生灾难事故，这些船将卷起海浪，穿过斯堪地那维亚半岛近海的捕鱼区，一直开往欧洲和北美州市场。

当越来越多的发电机、大烟囱和各种重型车辆进入这个地区帮助发展能源工业时，也会使这片处女地受到污染。

阿拉斯加州也存在着海岸侵蚀的问题，这迫使美国政府打算迁移数个因纽特人的村庄，每个村庄的预计搬迁费用高达一亿多美元。

在北极区，在极端冰冷环境里生存了几百年的本地部落注意到了气候和野生动物的变化，他们想去适应这种变化，但常常不知所措。

在挪威最北面的芬马克省，每到冬末，北极的大片土地一望无际，好像冰雪高原，万籁俱寂，偶尔只会听见几声驯鹿的鸣叫和摩托雪橇放牧驯鹿的轰鸣。

但是即使在那里，人们也感受到了北极的变化。

“驯鹿越来越不开心。

”31岁的养鹿人埃拉说道。

其实谈及保护环境和本土习俗，没有什么国家可以与挪威相提并论。

政府把开发石油获得的财富都用在了北极地区，萨米人的文化也因此得到了某种意义上的复兴。

但是无论有多少来自于政府的支持都无法让埃拉相信，他以鹿为生的日子将会和以往一样。

象德克萨斯州的养牛人，他对自己放养的驯鹿数量守口如瓶，但是他说，春秋两季气温上升，导致表层雪融化，天冷后结成冰，驯鹿就更难于刨食到地表的植物。

翻译三级口译实务2009年5月(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Reporter: Mr. Zhang, what was your first job, and what did you learn from it?Mr. Zhang：我在一家进出口公司当司机。

这让我有机会仔细观察公司如何运作和提升。

我开始有了一些想法，怎么样自己来经营这样一家公司。

Reporter: Was there anyone who taught you important business lessons?Mr. Zhang：从来也没有什么人教过我。

那时候，我们国家还很落后，根本就没有什么培训之类的。

我们都是一边干一边学。

Reporter: Do you have a particular management philosophy?Mr. Zhang：我认为首先得有明确的目标。

我们公司分成几个部门，每个部门都有一位专家挂帅。

同时我们鼓励创新思维，并不完全是由顶头上司一个人说了算。

Reporter: What is the benefit of this for your business?Mr. Zhang：这样就保证了下面直接开展业务的人员对于自己的业务有决策权，效率更高。

Reporter: What were the toughest decisions you've had to make?Mr. Zhang：经常是和用人有关的。

用对了人对于公司的成败至关重要，但对于管理者来说也是最具有风险的。

我手下有我可以信赖的人管理，我的日子就好过多啦。

Reporter: You've often said that building your company's brand is critical to its success. Why? Mr. Zhang：品牌带给顾客的是信任。

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试2009年11月英语三级《笔译实务》试卷试题部分：Section1:English-Chinese Translation(英译汉)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Plans are well under way for a year of celebrations to mark the upcoming bicentennial of one of Poland's favorite native sons-Frédéric,Chopin.The prestigious International Chopin Competition for pianists will mark its16th edition in October2010.Held every five years,the competition draws scores of young musicians from all over the world.In addition,Warsaw's Chopin Museum, with the world's largest collection of Chopin documents and other artifacts,will undergo a total redesign,modernization and expansion.A lavishly illustrated new guidebook called"Chopin's Poland"was already published this year.It leads visitors to dozens of sites in Warsaw and elsewhere around the country where the composer lived,ate,studied,performed,visited or even partied."Actually,Chopin doesn't need to be promoted,but we hope that Poland and Polish culture can be promoted through Chopin,"said Monika Strugala,who is coordinating the Chopin2010program under the aegis of the Fryderyk Chopin Institute,a body set up by the Sejm in2001to promote and protect Chopin's work and image."We want to confirm to all that he is a very,very important Polish symbol,"she said.Indeed,it's not much of an exaggeration to say that Chopin's music flows through the Polish national consciousness like some sort of cultural lifeblood.The son of a Polish mother and a Frenchémigréfather,Chopin was born in a manor house at Zelazowa Wola,about50kilometers,or30miles,west of Warsaw, and moved to Warsaw as an infant.The manor is something of a Chopin shrine-since the1930s it has been a museum and for concerts.Like the Chopin Museum in Warsaw,it,too,is undergoing extensive renovation as part of bicentennial preparations.Chopin spent his first20years in and around Warsaw.He was already a noted pianist as a boy and composed concertos and other important works as a teenager.He carried Polish soil with him when he left Warsaw on a concert tour in1830,just a few weeks before the outbreak of the November Uprising,an abortive Polish revolt against Czarist Russia,which then ruled Warsaw and a broad swath of Polish territory.Chopin remained in exile in France after the uprising was crushed.But so attached was he to his native land that after his death in Paris in1849his heart-on his own instructions-was brought back to Warsaw for interment.The rest of his body is buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris."For where your treasure is,there your heart will be also,"reads the Biblical inscription on a plaque where his heart is kept today,preserved in an urn and concealed in a pillar of the Holy Cross Church in central Warsaw. Mozart's"Requiem"will be performed here as part of Bicentennial events.Exile and patriotism,as well as extraordinary genius,have long made Chopin's appeal transcend all manner of social and political divides.Polish folk motifs thread through some of his finest pieces,and patriotic fervor,as well as homesick longing,infuse some of his best-known works.Section2:Chinese-English Translation(汉译英)Translate the following passage into English.国际金融危机给中国带来了前所未有的困难和挑战。