The history of city construction of foreignHistoryOfLondon’sUrbanPlanning题目：The history of city construction of foreign 指导老师：李教授学生姓名：张百事学号：1********27院系：城建班级：城规History of London’s planningAbstractLondon, the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, has a history dating back over 2,000 years. During this time, it has grown to become one of the most significant financial and cultural capitals of the world.London has grown into metropolitan area in this years, no longer is the history of the Greater London. It is difficult to imagine London, was once a small town.Table of ContentsAbstractChapter One Introduction1.1Background of the ResearchChapter Two history of London2.1. Norman and Medieval London (1066 – late 15th century)2.2. Tudor London (1485–1603)2.3. Stuart London (1603–1714)2.4. 19th-century LondonChapter Three3.1. ConclusionBibliographyChapter One1.1 Background of the ResearchLondon is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom, with an urban area of over 9 million inhabitants. Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, largely retains its 2.9 km2 mediaeval boundaries and in 2011 had a resident population of 7,375, making it the smallest city in England. Since at least the 19th century, the term London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core.[1]London is leading global city.[2][3] with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism, and transport all contributing to its preeminence. It is one of the world's leading financial centres and has the fifth-or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement. London is a world cultural capital. It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivalsand has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic.Area• Region 606.95 sq mi(1,572.00 km2)• Urban 671.0 sq mi (1,737.9 km2)• Metro 3,236.31 sq mi (8,382.00 km2)Elevation 115 ft (35 m)Population (2013)• Region 8,416,535• Density 13,870/sq mi (5,354/km2)• Urban 9,787,426• Metro 13,614,409Chapter Two2.1 Norman and Medieval LondonThe Establishment of the Kingdom of England in 1284 A.D. London is the capital city of England and it’s about 2 sq km in the 1300 A.D., it is a walk city, and Located in the River Thames. England is an island country, London has enough water.In 1100 London's population was somewhat more than 15,000. By 1300 A.D. it had grown to roughly 80,000. London lost at least half of its population during the Black Death in the mid-14th century, but its economic and political importance stimulateda rapid recovery despite further epidemics. Trade in London was organised into various guilds, which effectively controlled the city, and elected the Lord Mayor of the City of London.[4] The Europeans have not boiling water, it is a reason In some ways Led to the Black Death.2.2. Tudor London (1485–1603)In 1593 A.D. to 1605 A.D. , London still is a small town. The slow development of London in this time, London from 4 sq km to 5 sq km.During the Reformation, London was the principal early centre of Protestantism in England. Its close commercial connections with the Protestant heartlands in northern continental Europe, large foreign mercantile communities, disproportionately large number of literate inhabitants and role as the centre of the English print trade all contributed to the spread of the new ideas of religious reform. Before the Reformation, more than half of the area of London was the property of monasteries, nunneries and other religious houses.[5]For city development, religion plays a dominant role, the church is the center of the city.2.3. Stuart London (1603–1714)Tudor London developed to Stuart London, the Handicraftsman became the leading city.London's expansion beyond the boundaries of the City was decisively established in the 17th century. In the opening years of that century the immediate environs of the City, with the principal exception of the aristocratic residences in the direction of Westminster, were still considered not conducive to health.In Britain it is the last major outbreak which is remembered as the "Great Plague" It occurred in 1665 and 1666 and killed around 60,000 people, which was one fifth of the population. Samuel Pepys chronicled the epidemic in his diary. On 4 September 1665 he wrote "I have stayed in the city till above 7400 died in one week, and of them about 6000 of the plague, and little noise heard day or night but tolling of bells."[6]What’s a pity about Great Fire of London (1666), but it’s also w aking up people to think about the meaning of the city. John Evelyn's plan for the rebuilding of London after the Great Fire.The first industrial revolution in Britain in 18 Century 60-19 century 40's.London developed into an industrial city, the British economy more and more prosperous.2.4. 19th-century LondonDuring the 19th century, London was transformed into the world's largest city and capital of the British Empire. Its population expanded from 1 million in 1800 to 6.7 million a century later. During this period, London became a global political, financial, and trading capital. In this position, it was largely unrivalled until the latter part of the century, when Paris and New York began to threaten its dominance.At the time, raw sewage was pumped straight into the River Thames. This culminated in The Great Stink of 1858.Parliament finally gave consent for the MBW to construct a large system of sewers. The engineer put in charge of building the new system was Joseph Bazalgette. In what was one of the largest civil engineering projects of the 19th century, he oversaw construction of over 2100 km of tunnels and pipes under London to take away sewage and provide clean drinking water. When the London sewerage system was completed, the death toll in London dropped dramatically, and epidemics of cholera and other diseases were curtailed. Bazalgette's system is still in use today. [7] In London, people will put the "fog" of the title and it connects. Indeed beforethe last century 60's, called London fog is known to the world. London smog, confused. Although the street lamp is bright, but the visibility is still poor, not see anything other than 10 meters. Always feel vaguely in front of people. But now, over London has been basically rarely seen the billowing smoke and diffuse yellow fog.The rapid development of industry, has brought the city population increase, other parts of the people working in London, resulting in excessive population density.GARDEN CITIES OF TO-MORROW was be written by EbenezerHoward in 1898, he was thinking the size of the city, the relationship between the town and country, the city should not be unlimited expansion,Chapter Three3.1. ConclusionWhen the city was expending, some problems came together, the population rises so fast, air and water got serious pollutant, and traffic congestion. City to develop must pay a price.City can’t be like to share the same pie, unlimited expansion, causing trafficCongestion.City planners should improve the quality of city living.London is a metro urban in today, it is one of the world's leading financial centres.Bibliography1."Roman London". Museum of London. n.d. Archived from the original on 22 June 2008.2."The Most Dynamic Cities of 2025". Foreign Policy. September–October 2012. Retrieved28 September 2012.3.Jump up^ "Global city GDP rankings 2008–2025".4.Wikipedia, https:///wiki/Norman_and_Medieval_London5.Wikipedia, https:///wiki/Tudor_London6.Wikipedia, https:///wiki/Great_Fire_of_London7.Wikipedia, https:///wiki/19th-century_London。
