英汉动词互译
- 格式:ppt
- 大小:82.50 KB
- 文档页数:15
Obama's success isn't all good news for black Americans翻译成中文为《奥巴马的成功对美国黑人并不完全是好事》均选自世界知名刊物,《新科学家》(NewScientist)的《奥巴马的成功对美国黑人并不完全是好事》(Obama"s success isn"t all good news for black Americans)一文,news 本意是:n.新闻,消息;新闻报道,新闻广播文章中将外延扩大,翻译成:事情good news 就是:好事。
No news is good news. st. 没有消息就是好消息.AS ERIN WHITE watched the election results head towards victory for Barack Obama, she felt a burden lifting from her shoulders. "In that one second, it was a validation for my whole race," she recalls.watch2/ wɔtʃ; wɑtʃ/ v(a) [I, Tn, Tw no passive 不用於被动语态, Tng, Tni no passive 不用於被动语态] look at (sb/sth); observe 看(某人[某物]); 观察: The students watched as the surgeon performed the operation. 学生观看外科医生做手术. (b) [Tn] look at (television, sport, etc) as an entertainment 观看(电视﹑体育运动等): The match was watched by over twenty thousand people. 这场比赛有两万多人观看.[Ipr, Tn] ~ (over) sb/sth guard or protect sb/sth; keep an eye on sb/sth 守卫或保护某人[某物]; 留心; 注视: Could you watch (over) my clothes while I have a swim? 我游泳时你看着我的衣物行吗?[Ipr] ~ for sth look or wait attentively for sth 盼望或等待某事物: They are watching for further developments. 他们等待着进一步的发展.[Tn](infml 口) be careful about (sb/sth), esp in order to keep him/it under control 小心或当心(某人[某事物])(尤指应加以控制): Watch yourself! ie Be careful what you do or say, or you will be punished. 当心你的言行! * watch every penny, ie be very careful about what one spends 花钱仔细[I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (esp arch 尤作古语) remain awake 不睡: watch all night at the bedside of a sick child守在患儿床边彻夜不眠.W atch:外延缩小,添加限定语:在电视中。
英汉互译9-61.你想见的那位教授来了。
The professor who/whom you wish to see has come2.他们的⾐服给汗⽔湿透了。
Their clothes were soaked with sweat.3.这座桥是1192年修建的,⾄今已经有700多年的历史了。
Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 hundred years old.4.现在,⼈们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题,因为它安全,不招风险。
At present, people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle ground reply.5.我的英语考试成绩到今天上午才能知道。
昨天⼀整天我⽼想着这事,坐⽴不安。
My English examination result is going to arrive this morning. I was on tenterhooks all day yesterday thinking about them.6. Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle.(英译汉)黎明时分,⼤雾弥漫,细⾬蒙蒙.9-71.他希望年内完成所有⽬标。
He hopes to achieve all his aims by the end of the year.2.桌⼦的正上⽅悬挂着⼀盏⽇光灯。
There is a daylight lamp hanging over the table.3.他是仍然在这⼉呢,还是已经⾛了?Is he still here or has he gone already?4.没有⼈要这个屋顶已经倒塌了的房⼦。
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.5.经过讨论,他们在建⽴伙伴关系的条件上取得了⼀致的意见。
动词短语顺序:(逻辑主语)+(状语)+ 动词 +(宾语)+(宾语补足语)+(状语)注:单词作状语一般前置,短语作状语一般后置。
动词是不定式就叫不定式短语;如果是-ing 形式,则作名词用时叫动名词短语,作形容词和副词用时叫现在分词短语。
e.g.1接受中国留学生to accept Chinese students2发展国与国之间的关系to develop state–to–state relations3盲目照搬to blindly copy4让人们理解(for)people to understand动词短语的翻译方法:先译出中心词,然后把宾语加在后面,状语译出加在后面。
e.g.仅有状语1被妥善处理to be handled properly2稳定增长to grow steadilye.g.带有宾语考虑二点:1英语的动词应当是及物动词或者相当于及物动词(不及物动词 + 介词)2宾语里面含有动词,一定译为动名词(或不定式)e.g.1历经风雨沧桑to experience all kinds of weathers, to go through twists and turns2解决台湾问题to solve the Taiwan issue3.扩大美国对华出口to expand America’s export to Chinae.g. 带有宾语和状语状语一般放在宾语后。
动词→宾语→状语1在一些领域奉行不同的政策to pursue different policies in some areas2为亚洲经济复苏做出了贡献to have made contribution to Asia’s economic recovery动词短语转换为名词短语如果动词短语包含主语,则1变为不定式时这个主语由for引导出来。
e.g.江主席访美for President Jiang to visit the United States2变为动名词时主语用名词所有格。
1.把……收起来2.两张纸3想试一下4.整理床铺5.修飞机6.回家度假7.向窗外看8.旅行的照片9.包饺子10.放风筝11.准备上学12.在6号座位13.shopping list14.have riae for every meal15.Don't thank goodness16.take time17.too cheap18.the name of the machine19.have fun doing sth.20.get ready for21.the most famous1.把……收起来put away2.两张纸two pieces of paper3想试一下think about4.整理床铺make the bed5.修飞机repair the airplane6.回家度假go home for a holiday7.向窗外看look out of the window8.旅行的照片the photos for tourist9.包饺子make dumplings10.放风筝fly the kite11.准备上学prepare for school12.在6号座位sit on the NO.6 table13.shopping list 购物清单14.have riae for every meal 每顿吃米饭15.Don't thank goodness 不要谢天谢地了16.take time 从容进行17.too cheap 太便宜18.the name of the machine 机器的名字19.have fun doing sth.做某事很有趣20.get ready for 准备做某事21.the most famous 最出名的1.我们要学会如何应对各种麻烦2.请到街道另一边下车1.We should learn how to deal with all kinds of trouble.2.Please park your car on the other side of the street1.第25页2.第一人民医院3.第101房间4.她是第一个回家的5.这张桌子4英尺长,2英尺宽,3英尺高6。
1.把……收起来2.两张纸3想试一下4.整理床铺5.修飞机6.回家度假7.向窗外看8.旅行的照片9.包饺子10.放风筝11.准备上学12.在6号座位13.shopping list14.have riae for every meal15.Don't thank goodness16.take time17.too cheap18.the name of the machine19.have fun doing sth.20.get ready for21.the most famous1.把……收起来put away2.两张纸two pieces of paper3想试一下think about4.整理床铺make the bed5.修飞机repair the airplane6.回家度假go home for a holiday7.向窗外看look out of the window8.旅行的照片the photos for tourist9.包饺子make dumplings10.放风筝fly the kite11.准备上学prepare for school12.在6号座位sit on the NO.6 table13.shopping list 购物清单14.have riae for every meal 每顿吃米饭15.Don't thank goodness 不要谢天谢地了16.take time 从容进行17.too cheap 太便宜18.the name of the machine 机器的名字19.have fun doing sth.做某事很有趣20.get ready for 准备做某事21.the most famous 最出名的1.我们要学会如何应对各种麻烦2.请到街道另一边下车1.We should learn how to deal with all kinds of trouble.2.Please park your car on the other side of the street1.第25页2.第一人民医院3.第101房间4.她是第一个回家的5.这张桌子4英尺长,2英尺宽,3英尺高6。
小学英语常考常用英汉互译单词短语梳理元宵节:Lantern Festival刺绣:embroidery重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival清明节:Tomb sweeping day剪纸:Paper Cutting书法:Calligraphy对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters人才流动:Brain Drain/Brain Flow四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle战国:Warring States风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen铁饭碗:Iron Bowl函授部:The Correspondence Department集体舞:Group Dance黄土高原:Loess Plateau红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day结婚证:Marriage Certificate儒家文化:Confucian Culture附属学校:Affiliated school古装片:Costume Drama武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)一国两制:One Country, Two Systems火锅:Hot Pot四人帮:Gang of Four《诗经》:The Book of Songs素质教育:Essential-qualities-oriented Education《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 大跃进:Great Leap Forward (Movement)《西游记》:The Journey to the West除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival针灸:Acupuncture唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery中国特色的社会主义:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics偏旁:radical孟子:Mencius亭/阁:Pavilion/ Attic大中型国有企业:Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises火药:gunpowder农历:Lunar Calendar印/玺:Seal/Stamp物质精神文明建设:The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization京剧:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera秦腔:Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera太极拳:Tai Chi独生子女证:The Certificate of One-child天坛:Altar of Heaven in Beijing小吃摊:Snack Bar/Snack Stand红双喜:Double Happiness政治辅导员:Political Counselor/School Counselor春卷:Spring Roll(s)莲藕:Lotus Root追星族:Star Struck故宫博物院:The Palace Museum相声:Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue下岗:Lay off/Laid off北京烤鸭:Beijing Roast Duck高等自学考试:Self-taught Examination of Higher Education 烟花爆竹:fireworks and firecracker敦煌莫高窟:Mogao Caves电视小品:TV Sketch/TV Skit香港澳门同胞:Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao文化大革命:Cultural Revolution长江中下游地区:The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River门当户对:Perfect Match/Exact Match《水浒》:Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh中外合资企业:Joint Ventures文房四宝(笔墨纸砚):"The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"。
汉语动词的英译英汉两种语言在使用习惯和语言结构上有很大的差异,翻译的方法与技巧就是建立在这些差异的理论研究基础上总结而来的.翻译实践证明凡是英汉相同之处,一般比较容易对译,英汉不同之处却很难互译.一旦找出英汉不同之处及其表达方式的差异,难译的问题便迎刃而解了.下面就从英汉动词的差异入手,谈谈汉译英时如何翻译动词这一问题.英汉语对动词所下的定义是一样的,即表示人或事物的动作、行为、发展、变化的词叫做动词.汉语动词没有曲折的形态变化,使用时不受形态上的限制,比较方便。
现代汉语句法一个显著的特征是“动词连用”的现象。
现代汉语一动词站优势,一个句子不限于只用一个动词,可以连续使用几个动词。
而英语动词有比较丰富的时态变化,但动词的使用范围没有汉语广。
因此,汉语动词在英译时要注意动词的形态变化,并灵活的进行省译或转译。
(一)汉语动词译为英语动词的某种形态英语的动词是各种词类中最为活跃、变化最多的词类, 汉语动词的多样性无法与之相比。
仅从语法范畴来看, 英语动词具有时、数、体、态和人称等范畴,而汉语中的动词本身并不完全具有以上范畴, 往往需要借助其它词汇或语境体现。
汉语动词在在英译过程中仍用动词表达时,要注意动词的形态变化。
1、爬山很有趣。
Climbing mountains is interesting.2、教你真难。
To teach you is difficult。
3、他每天早上七点起床。
He gets up at 7:00 every morning。
4、门锁好了。
The door has been locked up。
5、我借这本书好几天了。
I have kept the book for quite a few days。
(二)汉语动词省译因为英语动词的使用范围较窄,受限制比较大,所以汉语动词在英译的过程中,可以根据具体情况巧妙地进行省译。
1、我来跟你父母谈。
I will talk with your parents about it.2、服下的阿司匹林很快就见效了。