2008民用建筑电气设计规范 关于漏电设计1

中华人民共和国行业标准民用建筑电气设计规范Code for Electrical Design of Civil BuildingsJGJ 16-2008主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院批准部门：中华人民共和国建设部施行日期：2008年8月1日12 接地及安全12.1 一般规定12.1.1 本章适用于交流35kV 及以下用电设备及对地不能构成闭合回路的直流用电设备的接地及安全设计。

12.1.2 用电设备的接地，一般可区分为保护性接地和功能性接地。

12.1.3 用电设备接地及安全设计应根据工程特点和地质特点确定合理接地系统方案。

12.1.4 不同用途和不同电压等级用电设备的接地(包括保护性接地和功能性接地)，除另有规定者外，宜采用一个总的共用接地装置；对其他非电力设备(电讯及其他电子设备)，除有特殊要求者外，也可采用共用接地装置，接地装置的接地电阻应符合其中设备最小值的要求。

12.1.5 在10kV及以下电力网中，严禁利用大地作相线或中性线。

12.1.6 等电位联结是安全保障的根本措施，每个建筑都应根据建筑特点采取相应有效的办法。

12.2 低压配电系统的接地型式和基本要求12.2.1 低压配电系统接地型式有以下三种：1 TN 系统电源端有一点直接接地，受电设备的外露可导电部分通过保护线与接地点连接。

按照中性线与保护线组合情况，又可分为三种型式：1）TN-S 系统：整个系统的中性线(N)与保护线(PE)是分开的，见附录C.1图C.1-1。

2）TN-C 系统：整个系统的中性线(N)与保护线(PE)是合一的，见附录C.1图C.1-2。

3）TN-C-S 系统：系统中前一部分线路的中性线与保护线是合一的，见附录C.1 图C.1-3。

2 TT 系统电源端有一点直接接地，受电设备的外露可导电部分通过保护线接至与电源端接地点无直接关联的接地极，见附录C.1图C.1-4。

3 IT 系统电源端的带电部分与大地间无直接连接或有一点经足够大的阻抗接地，受电设备的外露可导电部分通过保护线接至接地极，见附录C.1图C.1-5。

前言根据建设部建标[2002]84号文的要求，规范编制组在广泛调查研究，认真总结实践经验，参考有关国际标准，并广泛征求意见基础上，对《民用建筑电气设计规范》JGJ/T16-92进行了修订。

随着科学技术的发展并结合民用建筑电气设计所涉及的主要技术内容和特点，修订后的本规范在技术内容上做了相应的调整。

取消了室外架空线路、电力设备防雷和声、像节目制作三章，增加了安全技术防范、综合布线、电磁兼容、电子信息设备机房和住宅（小区）电气设计五章，对其他各章所涉及的主要技术内容也进行了补充、完善和必要的修改。

本规范由建设部建筑设计标准技术归口单位中国建筑标准设计研究所归口管理，授权由主编单位负责具体解释。

本规范主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院（地址：沈阳市和平区光荣街65号，邮政编码：110003）本规范参编单位：中国建筑标准设计研究所中国建筑设计研究院北京市建筑设计研究院上海现代设计集团天津市建筑设计研究院中国建筑西南设计研究院中国建筑西北设计研究院中南建筑设计研究院哈尔滨工业大学广东省建筑设计研究院福建省建筑设计研究院施耐德电气（中国）投资有限公司ABB（中国）投资有限公司广东伟雄集团浙江湖州久立耐火电缆有限公司本规范主要起草人：主编：王金元副主编：洪元颐、温伯银编委：王可崇、王东林、尹秀伟、孙兰、成彦、刘迪先、李雪佩、李炳华李朝栋、汪猛、杨德才、陈汉民、陈建飚、陈众励、施沪生、张文才目 录1 总则.........................................................................................................................................................10 2 术语.........................................................................................................................................................11 3 供配电系统. (15)3.1 一般规定 (15)3.2 负荷分级及供电要求 (15)3.3 电源及10、35kV 供电系统 (18)3.4 电压选择和电能质量 (20)3.5 负荷计算 (21)3.6 无功补偿...........................................................................................................................................23 4 配变电所. (25)4.1 一般规定...........................................................................................................................................25 4.2 所址选择. (25)4.3 配电变压器选择 (26)4.4 主结线及电器选择...........................................................................................................................27 4.5 配变电所型式和布置.. (29)4.6 10kV 及35kV 配电装置 (31)4.7 低压配电装置...................................................................................................................................34 4.8 电力电容器装置...............................................................................................................................35 4.9 对有关专业的要求...........................................................................................................................36 5 继电保护及电气测量..............................................................................................................................38 5.1 一般规定.........................................................................................................................................38 5.2 继电保护.. (38)5.3 电气测量 (44)5.4 二次回路 (47)5.5 控制方式、所用电源及操作电源.................................................................................................50 6 自备应急电源 (52)6.1 自备应急低压柴油发电机组 (52)6.2 自备应急高压柴油发电机组 (60)6.3 自备燃气轮发电机组 (60)6.4 不间断电源·····································································································································61 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o7.2 低压配电系统 (63)7.3 特低电压（ELV ）配电...................................................................................................................65 7.4 导体选择.. (66)7.5 低压电器的选择 (73)7.6 低压配电线路的保护.....................................................................................................................75 8 配电线路布线系统. (82)8.1 一般规定 (82)8.2 瓷（塑料）线夹、鼓形绝缘子和针式绝缘子布线 (82)8.3 直敷布线 (84)8.4 金属导管布线 (84)8.5 可挠金属电线保护套管布线 (85)8.6 金属线槽布线 (86)8.7 刚性塑料导管（槽）布线.............................................................................................................87 8.8 地面内暗装金属线槽布线. (88)8.9 电力电缆布线 (89)8.10 预制分支电缆布线.......................................................................................................................94 8.11 矿物绝缘（MI ）电缆布线.. (94)8.12 电缆桥架（梯架、托盘）布线 (95)8.13 封闭式母线布线...........................................................................................................................97 8.14 电气竖井内布线...........................................................................................................................97 9 常用设备电气装置..................................................................................................................................99 9.1 一般规定.........................................................................................................................................99 9.2 电动机............................................................................................................................................99 9.3 传动运输系统. (105)9.4 电梯、自动扶梯和自动人行道 (107)9.5 自动门和电动卷帘门 (109)9.6 舞台用电设备 (110)9.7 医用放射线设备 (113)9.8 体育馆（场）设备·······················································································································116 10 电气照明··············································································································································118 10.1 一般规定·····································································································································118 10.2 照明质量·····································································································································118 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o10.5 照度水平.....................................................................................................................................122 10.6 绿色照明与节能.........................................................................................................................124 10.7 照明供电.....................................................................................................................................124 10.8 各类公共建筑照明设计要求.....................................................................................................126 10.9 建筑景观照明.............................................................................................................................132 11 民用建筑物防雷..................................................................................................................................139 11.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................139 11.2 建筑物的防雷分类.....................................................................................................................139 11.3 第二类防雷建筑物的防雷措施.................................................................................................140 11.4 第三类防雷建筑物的防雷措施.................................................................................................143 11.5 其他防雷保护措施.....................................................................................................................145 11.6 接闪器.........................................................................................................................................146 11.7 引下线.........................................................................................................................................148 11.8 接地装置.....................................................................................................................................149 11.9 防雷击电磁脉冲.........................................................................................................................150 12 接地及安全..........................................................................................................................................155 12.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................155 12.2 低压配电系统的接地型式和基本要求.....................................................................................155 12.3 低压配电系统的防触电保护.....................................................................................................157 12.4 保护接地范围.............................................................................................................................160 12.5 接地要求和接地电阻.................................................................................................................161 12.6 接地装置.....................................................................................................................................163 12.7 通用电力设备及电气设施接地.................................................................................................166 12.8 特殊装置或场所的安全保护.. (172)13 火灾自动报警与联动控制 (182)3.1 一般规定······································································································································182 13.2 系统保护对象分级与保护范围的确定····················································································182 13.3 系统设计····································································································································184 13.4 消防联动控制····························································································································186 13.5 火灾探测器的选择与设置········································································································190 13.6 火灾应急广播····························································································································195 13.7 消防专用电话····························································································································196 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o13.10 导体选择及敷设......................................................................................................................203 13.11 消防值班室与消防控制室......................................................................................................205 13.12 接地..........................................................................................................................................206 14 安全技术防范......................................................................................................................................207 14.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................207 14.2 入侵报警系统.............................................................................................................................208 14.3 视频监控系统.............................................................................................................................211 14.4 出入口控制系统.........................................................................................................................216 14.5 巡更管理系统.............................................................................................................................217 14.6 停车场管理系统.........................................................................................................................217 14.7 管线敷设.....................................................................................................................................218 14.8 系统控制中心（机房）.............................................................................................................219 15 有线电视和卫星电视..........................................................................................................................221 15.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................221 15.2 有线电视系统设计原则.............................................................................................................221 15.3 接收天线.....................................................................................................................................225 15.4 前端..............................................................................................................................................22 15.5 传输与分配网络.........................................................................................................................227 15.6 卫星电视接收系统、站址的选择.............................................................................................232 15.7 线路敷设.....................................................................................................................................234 15.8 供电、防雷与接地.....................................................................................................................235 16 广播、扩声与会议系统......................................................................................................................237 16.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................237 16.2 广播网络. (237)16.3 扩声网络·····································································································································239 16.4 会议系统·····································································································································242 16.5 设备的选择·································································································································243 16.6 设备的布置·································································································································245 16.7 线路敷设·····································································································································247 16.8 控制室········································································································································248 16.9 电源与接地·································································································································249 17 呼应信号及信息显示··························································································································251 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o17.2 呼应信号的系统组成及设计原则.............................................................................................251 17.3 信息显示装置设计原则.............................................................................................................252 17.4 信息显示装置的控制.................................................................................................................253 17.5 设备选择、线路敷设及机房.....................................................................................................253 17.6 供电、防雷及接地.....................................................................................................................254 17.7 时钟系统.....................................................................................................................................254 18 建筑设备监控系统..............................................................................................................................256 18.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................256 18.2 建筑设备监控系统及构成.........................................................................................................256 18.3 建筑设备监控系统的设计.........................................................................................................262 18.4 制冷系统的监控.........................................................................................................................264 18.5 热交换系统的监控.....................................................................................................................266 18.6 新风机组的监控.........................................................................................................................267 18.7 定风量空调机组的监控.............................................................................................................268 18.8 变风量空调机组的监控.............................................................................................................269 18.9 给、排水系统的监控.................................................................................................................270 18.10 室内照明系统的监控...............................................................................................................271 18.11 室外泛光照明及庭院照明的监控...........................................................................................271 18.12 柴油发电机组的监控...............................................................................................................272 18.13 供配电系统的监控...................................................................................................................272 18.14 电梯运行监控...........................................................................................................................273 18.15 管理中心机房设计...................................................................................................................274 19 计算机网络系统..................................................................................................................................277 19.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................277 19.2 设计要素. (277)19.3 网络结构与传输介质的选择·····································································································279 19.4 网络连接部件的配置·················································································································280 19.5 系统软件与网络安全·················································································································281 19.6 广域网连接·································································································································282 19.7 办公建筑·····································································································································284 19.8 公共建筑·····································································································································284 19.9 酒店建筑·····································································································································285 19.10 园区网·······································································································································285 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o。

民用建筑电气设计规范公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-民用建筑电气设计规范中华人民共和国行业标准民用建筑电气设计规范Code for Electrical Design of Civil BuildingsJGJ 16-2008主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院批准部门：中华人民共和国建设部施行日期：2008年8月1日1 住宅（小区）电气设计一般规定本章适用于城镇普通及康居住宅的电气设计，住宅电气设计除应符合本规范外，尚应符合国家现行的有关强制性标准的规定。

普通住宅套型按居住空间个数和使用面积分为一、二、三、四类。

康居住宅分为：基本型（1A）、提高型（2A）、先进型（3A）。

住宅电气设计应与国家同期经济发展水平相适应。

住宅电气设计一般包括：供配电系统；电力、照明系统；火灾自动报警及联动控制系统；安全防范系统；通信网络系统；信息网络系统；建筑设备监控与管理系统；家庭智能控制器；线路敷设及防雷、接地等。

负荷等级住宅楼的负荷等级应遵守本规范第3 章表常用用电负荷分级表的规定，消防电梯、应急照明等消防用电设备的负荷等级应符合消防电源的供电要求。

建筑装修标准高和设有空调系统的高级住宅、19 层及以上普通住宅的消防供电系统应按一级负荷要求设计。

10层至18层的普通住宅的消防供电系统应按二级负荷要求设计。

供配电系统供配电系统设计应符合下列要求：1 住宅小区的10kV供电系统宜采用环网方式。

2 住宅小区的220/380V配电系统，宜采用放射式、树干式、或是二者相结合的方式。

3 住宅小区供电系统宜留有发展的备用回路。

4 住宅小区内重要的集中负荷宜由变电所设专线供电。

5 住宅供电系统的设计，应采用TT、TN-S、TN-C-S接地方式，并进行总等电位联结。

6 每幢住宅的总电源进线断路器，应能同时断开相线和中性线，应具有剩余电流动作保护功能。

剩余电流动作值的选择应符合下列要求：1）当住宅的电源总进线断路器整定值不大于250A 时，断路器的剩余电流动作值宜为300mA。

前言根据建设部建标[2002]84号文的要求，规范编制组在广泛调查研究，认真总结实践经验，参考有关国际标准，并广泛征求意见基础上，对《民用建筑电气设计规范》JGJ/T16-92进行了修订。

随着科学技术的发展并结合民用建筑电气设计所涉及的主要技术内容和特点，修订后的本规范在技术内容上做了相应的调整。

取消了室外架空线路、电力设备防雷和声、像节目制作三章，增加了安全技术防范、综合布线、电磁兼容、电子信息设备机房和住宅（小区）电气设计五章，对其他各章所涉及的主要技术内容也进行了补充、完善和必要的修改。

本规范由建设部建筑设计标准技术归口单位中国建筑标准设计研究所归口管理，授权由主编单位负责具体解释。

本规范主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院（地址：沈阳市和平区光荣街65号，邮政编码：110003）本规范参编单位：中国建筑标准设计研究所中国建筑设计研究院北京市建筑设计研究院上海现代设计集团天津市建筑设计研究院中国建筑西南设计研究院中国建筑西北设计研究院中南建筑设计研究院哈尔滨工业大学广东省建筑设计研究院福建省建筑设计研究院施耐德电气（中国）投资有限公司ABB（中国）投资有限公司广东伟雄集团浙江湖州久立耐火电缆有限公司本规范主要起草人：主编：王金元副主编：洪元颐、温伯银编委：王可崇、王东林、尹秀伟、孙兰、成彦、刘迪先、李雪佩、李炳华李朝栋、汪猛、杨德才、陈汉民、陈建飚、陈众励、施沪生、张文才目 录1 总则.........................................................................................................................................................10 2 术语.........................................................................................................................................................11 3 供配电系统. (15)3.1 一般规定 (15)3.2 负荷分级及供电要求 (15)3.3 电源及10、35kV 供电系统 (18)3.4 电压选择和电能质量 (20)3.5 负荷计算 (21)3.6 无功补偿...........................................................................................................................................23 4 配变电所. (25)4.1 一般规定...........................................................................................................................................25 4.2 所址选择. (25)4.3 配电变压器选择 (26)4.4 主结线及电器选择...........................................................................................................................27 4.5 配变电所型式和布置.. (29)4.6 10kV 及35kV 配电装置 (31)4.7 低压配电装置...................................................................................................................................34 4.8 电力电容器装置...............................................................................................................................35 4.9 对有关专业的要求...........................................................................................................................36 5 继电保护及电气测量..............................................................................................................................38 5.1 一般规定.........................................................................................................................................38 5.2 继电保护.. (38)5.3 电气测量 (44)5.4 二次回路 (47)5.5 控制方式、所用电源及操作电源.................................................................................................50 6 自备应急电源 (52)6.1 自备应急低压柴油发电机组 (52)6.2 自备应急高压柴油发电机组 (60)6.3 自备燃气轮发电机组 (60)6.4 不间断电源·····································································································································61 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o7.2 低压配电系统 (63)7.3 特低电压（ELV ）配电...................................................................................................................65 7.4 导体选择.. (66)7.5 低压电器的选择 (73)7.6 低压配电线路的保护.....................................................................................................................75 8 配电线路布线系统. (82)8.1 一般规定 (82)8.2 瓷（塑料）线夹、鼓形绝缘子和针式绝缘子布线 (82)8.3 直敷布线 (84)8.4 金属导管布线 (84)8.5 可挠金属电线保护套管布线 (85)8.6 金属线槽布线 (86)8.7 刚性塑料导管（槽）布线.............................................................................................................87 8.8 地面内暗装金属线槽布线. (88)8.9 电力电缆布线 (89)8.10 预制分支电缆布线.......................................................................................................................94 8.11 矿物绝缘（MI ）电缆布线.. (94)8.12 电缆桥架（梯架、托盘）布线 (95)8.13 封闭式母线布线...........................................................................................................................97 8.14 电气竖井内布线...........................................................................................................................97 9 常用设备电气装置..................................................................................................................................99 9.1 一般规定.........................................................................................................................................99 9.2 电动机............................................................................................................................................99 9.3 传动运输系统. (105)9.4 电梯、自动扶梯和自动人行道 (107)9.5 自动门和电动卷帘门 (109)9.6 舞台用电设备 (110)9.7 医用放射线设备 (113)9.8 体育馆（场）设备·······················································································································116 10 电气照明··············································································································································118 10.1 一般规定·····································································································································118 10.2 照明质量·····································································································································118 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o10.5 照度水平.....................................................................................................................................122 10.6 绿色照明与节能.........................................................................................................................124 10.7 照明供电.....................................................................................................................................124 10.8 各类公共建筑照明设计要求.....................................................................................................126 10.9 建筑景观照明.............................................................................................................................132 11 民用建筑物防雷..................................................................................................................................139 11.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................139 11.2 建筑物的防雷分类.....................................................................................................................139 11.3 第二类防雷建筑物的防雷措施.................................................................................................140 11.4 第三类防雷建筑物的防雷措施.................................................................................................143 11.5 其他防雷保护措施.....................................................................................................................145 11.6 接闪器.........................................................................................................................................146 11.7 引下线.........................................................................................................................................148 11.8 接地装置.....................................................................................................................................149 11.9 防雷击电磁脉冲.........................................................................................................................150 12 接地及安全..........................................................................................................................................155 12.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................155 12.2 低压配电系统的接地型式和基本要求.....................................................................................155 12.3 低压配电系统的防触电保护.....................................................................................................157 12.4 保护接地范围.............................................................................................................................160 12.5 接地要求和接地电阻.................................................................................................................161 12.6 接地装置.....................................................................................................................................163 12.7 通用电力设备及电气设施接地.................................................................................................166 12.8 特殊装置或场所的安全保护.. (172)13 火灾自动报警与联动控制 (182)3.1 一般规定······································································································································182 13.2 系统保护对象分级与保护范围的确定····················································································182 13.3 系统设计····································································································································184 13.4 消防联动控制····························································································································186 13.5 火灾探测器的选择与设置········································································································190 13.6 火灾应急广播····························································································································195 13.7 消防专用电话····························································································································196 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o13.10 导体选择及敷设......................................................................................................................203 13.11 消防值班室与消防控制室......................................................................................................205 13.12 接地..........................................................................................................................................206 14 安全技术防范......................................................................................................................................207 14.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................207 14.2 入侵报警系统.............................................................................................................................208 14.3 视频监控系统.............................................................................................................................211 14.4 出入口控制系统.........................................................................................................................216 14.5 巡更管理系统.............................................................................................................................217 14.6 停车场管理系统.........................................................................................................................217 14.7 管线敷设.....................................................................................................................................218 14.8 系统控制中心（机房）.............................................................................................................219 15 有线电视和卫星电视..........................................................................................................................221 15.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................221 15.2 有线电视系统设计原则.............................................................................................................221 15.3 接收天线.....................................................................................................................................225 15.4 前端..............................................................................................................................................22 15.5 传输与分配网络.........................................................................................................................227 15.6 卫星电视接收系统、站址的选择.............................................................................................232 15.7 线路敷设.....................................................................................................................................234 15.8 供电、防雷与接地.....................................................................................................................235 16 广播、扩声与会议系统......................................................................................................................237 16.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................237 16.2 广播网络. (237)16.3 扩声网络·····································································································································239 16.4 会议系统·····································································································································242 16.5 设备的选择·································································································································243 16.6 设备的布置·································································································································245 16.7 线路敷设·····································································································································247 16.8 控制室········································································································································248 16.9 电源与接地·································································································································249 17 呼应信号及信息显示··························································································································251 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o17.2 呼应信号的系统组成及设计原则.............................................................................................251 17.3 信息显示装置设计原则.............................................................................................................252 17.4 信息显示装置的控制.................................................................................................................253 17.5 设备选择、线路敷设及机房.....................................................................................................253 17.6 供电、防雷及接地.....................................................................................................................254 17.7 时钟系统.....................................................................................................................................254 18 建筑设备监控系统..............................................................................................................................256 18.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................256 18.2 建筑设备监控系统及构成.........................................................................................................256 18.3 建筑设备监控系统的设计.........................................................................................................262 18.4 制冷系统的监控.........................................................................................................................264 18.5 热交换系统的监控.....................................................................................................................266 18.6 新风机组的监控.........................................................................................................................267 18.7 定风量空调机组的监控.............................................................................................................268 18.8 变风量空调机组的监控.............................................................................................................269 18.9 给、排水系统的监控.................................................................................................................270 18.10 室内照明系统的监控...............................................................................................................271 18.11 室外泛光照明及庭院照明的监控...........................................................................................271 18.12 柴油发电机组的监控...............................................................................................................272 18.13 供配电系统的监控...................................................................................................................272 18.14 电梯运行监控...........................................................................................................................273 18.15 管理中心机房设计...................................................................................................................274 19 计算机网络系统..................................................................................................................................277 19.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................277 19.2 设计要素. (277)19.3 网络结构与传输介质的选择·····································································································279 19.4 网络连接部件的配置·················································································································280 19.5 系统软件与网络安全·················································································································281 19.6 广域网连接·································································································································282 19.7 办公建筑·····································································································································284 19.8 公共建筑·····································································································································284 19.9 酒店建筑·····································································································································285 19.10 园区网·······································································································································285 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o。

漏电保护器民用建筑物电气设计漏电保护器（RCD）在我国应用已多年，积累了很多经验。

但是在中小型民用建筑物，特别是住宅的电气设计中，应用尚不够重视。

因为强制性国家标准《住宅设计规范》（GB50096-1999）自1999年6月1日起实施，进一步强调了居民用电的安全性和可靠性。

因此，我们应重视中小型民用建筑物供配电线路设计中对漏电的保护。

一、安装漏电保护器的必要性接地故障（接地短路）有金属性和电弧性两种形式。

故障点熔焊，故障点阻抗可忽略不计的接地故障为金属性接地故障。

这时设备外壳对地故障电压Uf为PEN线和PE线上电压降之和△UUf=△U=Id(ZPEN+ZPE）=（ZPEN+ZPE）U0/Zs=U0(ZPEN+ZPE)/ZL+ZPEN+ZPE式中Id——接地故障电流（A）；U0——相电压（220V）；ZL、ZPEN、ZPE——各为相线、PEN线、PE线阻抗(Ω)ZS——接地故障回路总阻抗(Ω)计算中忽略了变压器阻抗。

如果相线和PEN线截面相同，则ZPEN+ZPE=ZLUf=0.5U0=110V考虑建筑物内等电位联结减少触电压的作用，按IEC61200-413间接接触防护-自动切断电源）标准，一般情况下，可减少约20%的接触电压，则接触电压UC为：UC=0.8Uf=0.8*110=88V>50V;此UC足以引起人身电击事故。

因此，金属性接地故障能使设备外壳带危险接触电压，其主要后果是人身电击。

当故障电流Id充足大时，回路首端的过流保护器（断路器、熔断器）也能瞬间动作，避免事故的发生。

但Id值不仅与线路截面、长度相关，也与线路连接质量、布线方式以及维护管理水平等难以估量的因素相关，所以靠过流保护电源并不可靠。

这就是不论TT系统还是TN系统，要求在手握式、移动式设备供电的插座回路上必须安装额定动作电流I△n大于30mA的瞬动漏电保护器的原因所在。

发生接地故障时，故障点不熔焊而是产生电弧、电火花（密集的电火花即是电弧）的接地故障为电弧性接地故障，如图2所示。

民用建筑电气设计规范1. 引言民用建筑电气设计规范是为了确保民用建筑的电气系统安全可靠、高效节能而制定的。

本文档旨在指导工程师和设计师在进行民用建筑电气设计时遵循的标准和要求。

2. 适用范围本规范适用于各类民用建筑的电气设计，包括住宅、商业、办公楼等。

3. 设计原则3.1 安全可靠电气设计应符合国家安全规范，确保电气系统能够正常、稳定并安全运行。

设备选择和线路布置应在满足建筑用电需求的基础上，考虑预防火灾、电击和短路等风险。

3.2 高效节能电气系统应设计为高效节能的，减少能源的浪费和环境的污染。

应优先选择高效节能的电气设备和照明系统，并合理规划用电负荷，避免过度供电或能耗过高。

3.3 灵活可扩展电气系统应具有灵活的设计和可扩展性，以适应未来的建筑用电需求的变化。

应合理规划电气回路和配电箱的布置，确保供电稳定且易于维护。

4. 设计流程4.1 电气负荷计算根据建筑类型、用途和面积等因素，进行电气负荷计算，确定总负荷和各个分支回路的负荷。

4.2 配电系统设计根据负载需求，设计合理的配电系统，包括主电源、配电箱、分支电路和电缆布置等。

4.3 照明设计根据建筑的功能和用途，进行照明设计。

应选择合适的照明设备、光源和控制系统，以提供舒适的照明效果并节能。

4.4 接地设计进行安全接地设计，确保电气系统的接地电阻符合国际标准，以提供良好的接地保护和防止电击风险。

4.5 保护与安全设计设计电气系统的过载保护、短路保护和漏电保护等装置，确保设备和人员的安全。

5. 设备选型与布置5.1 开关与插座选型应选择符合国家电气标准的开关和插座，具有良好的耐用性和安全性能。

5.2 线缆选型与敷设根据负荷需求和环境条件选择合适的线缆，并注意线缆的敷设和保护，以减少电气故障的风险。

5.3 配电箱布置配电箱应布置在易于维护和操作的位置，避免暴露在直接阳光照射或高温潮湿环境下。

5.4 照明设备和光源选择根据照明需求和要求选择合适的照明设备和光源，注意光源的光效和色温，以满足舒适的照明效果和节能要求。

前言根据建设部建标[2002]84号文的要求，规范编制组在广泛调查研究，认真总结实践经验，参考有关国际标准，并广泛征求意见基础上，对《民用建筑电气设计规范》JGJ/T16-92进行了修订。

随着科学技术的发展并结合民用建筑电气设计所涉及的主要技术内容和特点，修订后的本规范在技术内容上做了相应的调整。

取消了室外架空线路、电力设备防雷和声、像节目制作三章，增加了安全技术防范、综合布线、电磁兼容、电子信息设备机房和住宅（小区）电气设计五章，对其他各章所涉及的主要技术内容也进行了补充、完善和必要的修改。

本规范由建设部建筑设计标准技术归口单位中国建筑标准设计研究所归口管理，授权由主编单位负责具体解释。

本规范主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院（地址：沈阳市和平区光荣街65号，邮政编码：110003）本规范参编单位：中国建筑标准设计研究所中国建筑设计研究院北京市建筑设计研究院上海现代设计集团天津市建筑设计研究院中国建筑西南设计研究院中国建筑西北设计研究院中南建筑设计研究院哈尔滨工业大学广东省建筑设计研究院福建省建筑设计研究院施耐德电气（中国）投资有限公司ABB（中国）投资有限公司广东伟雄集团浙江湖州久立耐火电缆有限公司本规范主要起草人：主编：王金元副主编：洪元颐、温伯银编委：王可崇、王东林、尹秀伟、孙兰、成彦、刘迪先、李雪佩、李炳华李朝栋、汪猛、杨德才、陈汉民、陈建飚、陈众励、施沪生、张文才目 录1 总则.........................................................................................................................................................10 2 术语.........................................................................................................................................................11 3 供配电系统. (15)3.1 一般规定 (15)3.2 负荷分级及供电要求 (15)3.3 电源及10、35kV 供电系统 (18)3.4 电压选择和电能质量 (20)3.5 负荷计算 (21)3.6 无功补偿...........................................................................................................................................23 4 配变电所. (25)4.1 一般规定...........................................................................................................................................25 4.2 所址选择. (25)4.3 配电变压器选择 (26)4.4 主结线及电器选择...........................................................................................................................27 4.5 配变电所型式和布置.. (29)4.6 10kV 及35kV 配电装置 (31)4.7 低压配电装置...................................................................................................................................34 4.8 电力电容器装置...............................................................................................................................35 4.9 对有关专业的要求...........................................................................................................................36 5 继电保护及电气测量..............................................................................................................................38 5.1 一般规定.........................................................................................................................................38 5.2 继电保护.. (38)5.3 电气测量 (44)5.4 二次回路 (47)5.5 控制方式、所用电源及操作电源.................................................................................................50 6 自备应急电源 (52)6.1 自备应急低压柴油发电机组 (52)6.2 自备应急高压柴油发电机组 (60)6.3 自备燃气轮发电机组 (60)6.4 不间断电源·····································································································································61 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o7.2 低压配电系统 (63)7.3 特低电压（ELV ）配电...................................................................................................................65 7.4 导体选择.. (66)7.5 低压电器的选择 (73)7.6 低压配电线路的保护.....................................................................................................................75 8 配电线路布线系统. (82)8.1 一般规定 (82)8.2 瓷（塑料）线夹、鼓形绝缘子和针式绝缘子布线 (82)8.3 直敷布线 (84)8.4 金属导管布线 (84)8.5 可挠金属电线保护套管布线 (85)8.6 金属线槽布线 (86)8.7 刚性塑料导管（槽）布线.............................................................................................................87 8.8 地面内暗装金属线槽布线. (88)8.9 电力电缆布线 (89)8.10 预制分支电缆布线.......................................................................................................................94 8.11 矿物绝缘（MI ）电缆布线.. (94)8.12 电缆桥架（梯架、托盘）布线 (95)8.13 封闭式母线布线...........................................................................................................................97 8.14 电气竖井内布线...........................................................................................................................97 9 常用设备电气装置..................................................................................................................................99 9.1 一般规定.........................................................................................................................................99 9.2 电动机............................................................................................................................................99 9.3 传动运输系统. (105)9.4 电梯、自动扶梯和自动人行道 (107)9.5 自动门和电动卷帘门 (109)9.6 舞台用电设备 (110)9.7 医用放射线设备 (113)9.8 体育馆（场）设备·······················································································································116 10 电气照明··············································································································································118 10.1 一般规定·····································································································································118 10.2 照明质量·····································································································································118 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o10.5 照度水平.....................................................................................................................................122 10.6 绿色照明与节能.........................................................................................................................124 10.7 照明供电.....................................................................................................................................124 10.8 各类公共建筑照明设计要求.....................................................................................................126 10.9 建筑景观照明.............................................................................................................................132 11 民用建筑物防雷..................................................................................................................................139 11.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................139 11.2 建筑物的防雷分类.....................................................................................................................139 11.3 第二类防雷建筑物的防雷措施.................................................................................................140 11.4 第三类防雷建筑物的防雷措施.................................................................................................143 11.5 其他防雷保护措施.....................................................................................................................145 11.6 接闪器.........................................................................................................................................146 11.7 引下线.........................................................................................................................................148 11.8 接地装置.....................................................................................................................................149 11.9 防雷击电磁脉冲.........................................................................................................................150 12 接地及安全..........................................................................................................................................155 12.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................155 12.2 低压配电系统的接地型式和基本要求.....................................................................................155 12.3 低压配电系统的防触电保护.....................................................................................................157 12.4 保护接地范围.............................................................................................................................160 12.5 接地要求和接地电阻.................................................................................................................161 12.6 接地装置.....................................................................................................................................163 12.7 通用电力设备及电气设施接地.................................................................................................166 12.8 特殊装置或场所的安全保护.. (172)13 火灾自动报警与联动控制 (182)3.1 一般规定······································································································································182 13.2 系统保护对象分级与保护范围的确定····················································································182 13.3 系统设计····································································································································184 13.4 消防联动控制····························································································································186 13.5 火灾探测器的选择与设置········································································································190 13.6 火灾应急广播····························································································································195 13.7 消防专用电话····························································································································196 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o13.10 导体选择及敷设......................................................................................................................203 13.11 消防值班室与消防控制室......................................................................................................205 13.12 接地..........................................................................................................................................206 14 安全技术防范......................................................................................................................................207 14.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................207 14.2 入侵报警系统.............................................................................................................................208 14.3 视频监控系统.............................................................................................................................211 14.4 出入口控制系统.........................................................................................................................216 14.5 巡更管理系统.............................................................................................................................217 14.6 停车场管理系统.........................................................................................................................217 14.7 管线敷设.....................................................................................................................................218 14.8 系统控制中心（机房）.............................................................................................................219 15 有线电视和卫星电视..........................................................................................................................221 15.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................221 15.2 有线电视系统设计原则.............................................................................................................221 15.3 接收天线.....................................................................................................................................225 15.4 前端..............................................................................................................................................22 15.5 传输与分配网络.........................................................................................................................227 15.6 卫星电视接收系统、站址的选择.............................................................................................232 15.7 线路敷设.....................................................................................................................................234 15.8 供电、防雷与接地.....................................................................................................................235 16 广播、扩声与会议系统......................................................................................................................237 16.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................237 16.2 广播网络. (237)16.3 扩声网络·····································································································································239 16.4 会议系统·····································································································································242 16.5 设备的选择·································································································································243 16.6 设备的布置·································································································································245 16.7 线路敷设·····································································································································247 16.8 控制室········································································································································248 16.9 电源与接地·································································································································249 17 呼应信号及信息显示··························································································································251 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o17.2 呼应信号的系统组成及设计原则.............................................................................................251 17.3 信息显示装置设计原则.............................................................................................................252 17.4 信息显示装置的控制.................................................................................................................253 17.5 设备选择、线路敷设及机房.....................................................................................................253 17.6 供电、防雷及接地.....................................................................................................................254 17.7 时钟系统.....................................................................................................................................254 18 建筑设备监控系统..............................................................................................................................256 18.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................256 18.2 建筑设备监控系统及构成.........................................................................................................256 18.3 建筑设备监控系统的设计.........................................................................................................262 18.4 制冷系统的监控.........................................................................................................................264 18.5 热交换系统的监控.....................................................................................................................266 18.6 新风机组的监控.........................................................................................................................267 18.7 定风量空调机组的监控.............................................................................................................268 18.8 变风量空调机组的监控.............................................................................................................269 18.9 给、排水系统的监控.................................................................................................................270 18.10 室内照明系统的监控...............................................................................................................271 18.11 室外泛光照明及庭院照明的监控...........................................................................................271 18.12 柴油发电机组的监控...............................................................................................................272 18.13 供配电系统的监控...................................................................................................................272 18.14 电梯运行监控...........................................................................................................................273 18.15 管理中心机房设计...................................................................................................................274 19 计算机网络系统..................................................................................................................................277 19.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................277 19.2 设计要素. (277)19.3 网络结构与传输介质的选择·····································································································279 19.4 网络连接部件的配置·················································································································280 19.5 系统软件与网络安全·················································································································281 19.6 广域网连接·································································································································282 19.7 办公建筑·····································································································································284 19.8 公共建筑·····································································································································284 19.9 酒店建筑·····································································································································285 19.10 园区网·······································································································································285 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o。