英汉翻译理论与实践——重复法
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英汉翻译技巧——重复译法使用重复法的目的主要有三个:一是使意义明确,二是使译文生动活泼,三是加强语势。
一、使意义明确1.重复名词1) We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.2) It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.3)A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.4)It was he who first repudiated and breached the understanding.5)All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess' ultimate prize.6)They slipped out into the open,avoiding the kitchen, a spacious separate building.2.重复动词1)People forget your face first, then your name.2)Then he spoke of the rise of charity and popular education, and in particular of the spread of wealth and work.3)They talked of things they longed for ─ of meat and of hot soup and of the richness of butter.4)He encouraged this bumptious young ma n to write of his own region──of its bleak poverty and of its women old before their time.3.重复代词1)The country has its romantic feeling.2)However you travel, it’ll take you at least two days.3)Whoever works hard will be respected.4)Choose whatever you like.5)Ignoring a problem does not solve it.6)When her eyes looked up, they were very large, odd, and attractive.二、使译文生动活泼1)grotesque2)careless3)in chaos4)street gossip5)rumors6) Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the children had a good time at sea-side.7) But at that time, she was the only woman there.8) His folks ate up everything he had.三、加强语势1) Would you please please please please please please please stop talking.2)Any my poor fool is hanged. No, no, no life.。
英汉翻译重复发转汉语有个明显的特点,也是英语所少见的,就是同义词语的重复。
这种重复在汉语修辞上称为反复,为的是突出某个意思,强调某种感情,以加强读者的印象。
但是在许多情况下,并非出自修辞需要,而是语言本身所固有的。
在翻译中,有时为了忠实于原文,不得不重复某些词语,否则就不能忠实地表达原文意思。
这种反复使用某些词语的翻译方法就叫重复法。
一般说来,重复法有三个作用:一是为了明确,二是为了强调,三是为了生动。
1.名词的重复(1)重复作宾语的名词1)We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.我们应学会如何分析问题、解决问题。
2)A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.一出好戏足以教育人民、鼓舞人民。
3)I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障。
4)It is o1)Work while you work,play while you play.该工作时就工作,该玩时就玩。
2)It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.生于社会,不能脱离社会。
3)Dead is the monarch,dead the servant who cringed beforehim,dead the city in which they dwelt.君主死了,在他面前卑躬屈膝、阿谀奉承的侍臣死了,他们居住的这个都城也死了。
ur duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。
2)重复作表语的名词1)Every single woman Iever know is apuzzle to me,as,I have no doubt,she is to herself.我所认识的每一个女人对我来说都是一个谜,而且我毫不怀疑,她自己对她本人也是一个谜。
2.2 练习一参考译文I thought this machine would never be anything but a toy.我原以为这台机器最多只能当成一个玩具,没有什么实用价值。
Early the next morning, after a large breakfast, they departed.第二天一早,饱饱地吃了一顿早餐之后,他们便动身了。
第二天一早,他们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐之后,便出发了。
Do as you would be done by.要别人如何待你,你就该如何待人。
(增加原文比较句中省略的部分)This printer is indeed cheap and fine.这部打印机真是物美价廉。
I could knit when I was seven.我七岁时就会织毛衣。
Steel and iron products are often coated lest they should rust.钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈2.2.2重复法一.原文为省略表达:英语中和汉语中都有省略现象。
英语多按语法形式省略以避免重复,多省略所有格、形容词和介词后面的名词,助动词、不定式后面的动词,系动词后面的表语,主谓一致时的主语或谓语等。
译为汉语时,这些省略掉的词语往往要补上,这就构成了汉语的重复。
1.重复名词:例1.Aristocratic and democratic tendencies in a nation often show themselves in its speech.一个民族的贵族倾向和民主倾向常在其言语中表现出来。
(重复形容词所修饰的名词)例2.We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.我们提倡和平共处的原则,这个原则目前在亚非各国越来越得人心了。
翻译技巧之重复法重复法是指在译文中适当地重复原文中出现过的词语,以使意思表达得更加清楚;或者进一步加强语气,突出强调某些内容,收到更好的修辞效果。
下面就一起来看看具体的重复法翻译技巧吧!翻译技巧之重复法1一、重复名词1.重复英语中作宾语的名词Students must be cultivated to have the ability to analyze and solve problems.必须培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。
They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.他们不太愿意推迟这个会议或者取消这个会议。
2.重复英语中作表语的名词This has been our position—but not theirs.这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。
John is your friend as much as he is mine.约翰既是你的朋友,又是我的朋友。
3.重复英语介词前所省略的名词英语中常重复使用介词,而将第二个、第三个介词前的名词省略,翻译时则往往可以重复这些省略的名词。
The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.医生从我身上得到的实践,地比从一千七百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。
4.重复定语从句中作先行词的名词英语定语从句常用关系词引导,它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词(通常是名词、名词短语或代词),一方面在从句中担任一个成分。
汉语中没有关系词,往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。
He gave ma a book which I kept to this day.他曾经送给我一本书。
这本书我一直保存至今。
Yesterday afternoon, I met an old friend of mine, who said that he would go abroad the next week.昨天下午,我遇到了一位老朋友。
可编辑修改精选全文完整版重复译法英语和汉语一样,写文章总是尽量避免重复。
然而在英译汉中重复却是一种必不可少的翻译技巧,因为翻译时往往需要重复原文中某些词,才能使译文表达明确具体。
由于英汉语结构不同,避免重复的手段也不尽相同,甚至有时完全不同。
有些词在英语句中是不必重复的,但在汉语中却必须重复,否则就会造成文理不通或逻辑混乱。
例如:Gas,oil,and electric furnaces are most commonly used for heat treating metal。
不能译成:煤气、油和电炉最常用来热处理金属。
这句原文在表达上是清楚的,句中的名词furnace(炉)不必多次重复,但在译文中不重复该词,意思就不清楚。
只有采用重复译法,译成:“金属热处理最常用的是煤气炉、油炉和电炉”,才不致引起误解。
在科技英语翻译中,重复译法的目的,主要是为了表达上的明确具体,其次是为了表达上的生动活泼。
一、为了明确(一)重复共同部分当原文中出现几个词所共有的部分时,该共同部分往往需要重复译出。
如上述例句中的furnace就是gas、oil和electric三个词所共有的,所以译成"煤气炉、油炉和电炉”。
重复共同部分的情况,常见的有下列四种:1.重复共同修饰的名词(1)Roller and ball bearings are used whenever possible.凡有可能就使用滚柱轴承和滚珠轴承。
(试比较:凡有可能就使用滚柱和滚珠轴承。
)(2)Electrical and magnetic quantities are less simple thanlength,mass,or time。
电量和磁量不象长度、质量或时间那么简单。
(3)The charges of nucleus and electrons are equal so that the atomis electrically neutral。