宝马1系E87手册资料：E6x_TtT_ACCII_en

SI B61 06 19General Electrical Systems May 2019 Technical ServiceHIGH VOLTAGE DIAGNOSTIC SPECIALIST TRAINING AND EQUIPMENT STRATEGYMODELF15 PHEV (X5 xDrive40e)F30 PHEV (330eiPerformance)G12 PHEV (740e xDriveiPerformance)G30 PHEV (530e, 530exDrive iPerformance)I01 (i3)I12 (i8 Coupe)I15 (i8 Roadster)SITUATIONThe complex electrified drivetrain technology used in BMW BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) & PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) vehicles requires highly specialized experts to service, diagnose and repair. Technical Service recognizes the need to constantly enhance the level of HV related qualification of our service technicians, by providing improved diagnosis methods and tools.Important warning for working on the high-voltage systems on BMW vehicles:Only properly trained personnel, who have passed all applicable technical training courses, should perform any maintenance or repairs on any Hybrid or Electric Vehicle. Work performed by unqualified persons may result in severe injury or damage to the vehicle. Additional information is found in Repair Instruction 61 00... Observe safety instructions when handling electric vehicles. INFORMATIONThe ST1821 High Voltage Diagnostic Specialist Certification (HVS) is the next step in the E-mobility service strategy for BMW technicians. The class is designed for Shop Forman (Master Technicians), with Alternative Drive and Battery Rework Certifications (ST1824 and ST1825) with required TSE sponsor recommendation. See Pre-requisites section.Technicians that have successfully passed the Technical Training course ST1821/ST1606 High Voltage Diagnostic Specialist (HVS) class up to now are allowed to perform voltage verification measurements, to assess the status of the high-voltage system when presented with a "NO Blitz present in KOMBI" situation. This procedure can be performed by using BMW High Voltage Adapter (P/N 83 30 2 449 667), and only after submitting a TSARA case to receive further instructions from Technical Service.Note: If it was determined that the vehicle required further diagnosis (as manual isolationtesting), this could only be done by a specialized expert. Therefore the case was then escalated a Technical Service Engineer (TSE).What has changed?High Voltage Diagnostic Specialists will now be able to interact directly with BMW of North America'sE-Mobility Engineering, when working on cases where there is a need for a qualified technician to make manual voltage verification measurements; and isolation testing directly on the vehicle.The HVS Certification class will be updated to now allow the HV Specialist technician to perform these additional tests on vehicles that do not display the Blitz on the KOMBI, or have failed the ISTA isolation test and require a specialized expert to perform a manual test. The class will introduce technicians to the necessary high-voltage equipment, personal protection equipment and the specialized training to perform these manual tests when necessary.High Voltage Diagnostic Specialists will also be assisted in "real time" remotely by Technical Service personnel, when working on one of these vehicles, with the use of the BMW Smart Glasses ("TSARAvision"). Questions would be answered instantly, data and instructions can be delivered real time, as well as, picture and video sharing may be uploaded directly as the service is being performed. See equipment section for more information.The ST1821 High Voltage Diagnostic Specialist (HVS) class, which is currently an elective class, will be a mandatory course of Technical Training curriculum beginning in 2020 (One HV Specialist per dealer). Availability of the mandatory Technical Training class will be announced by BMW Group UniversityNote: Enhanced course content will be added to the live course (isolation testing and therequired equipment) with no additional days. For technicians who have previously attend the course, a video will be produced to cover the additional content. TMSi will add this requirement to the technician's transcript with a due date of December 31, 2019.PRE-REQUISITESThe pre-requisites for the ST1821/ST1606 High Voltage Specialist Certification (HVS) certification are outlined below:•BMW hybrid and electric certification to the latest system generation (Gen3/Gen4, etc.)•ST1824 Alternative Drive Part 1 and ST1825 Alternative Drive Part 2 Classes•TSE sponsor recommendation (required)•The candidate must be the actual person that is going to be performing the manual testing. EQUIPMENTAdditionally to already available High-voltage diagnostic tools and equipment, the trained HVS technician should use the following:•BMW High-voltage adapter (P/N 83 30 2 449 667) - delivered via Auto Shipment•Fluke 1587/1587 FC or equivalent - in BMW Equipment Program•Generic DVOM (dedicated for HV diagnosis)•BMW Smart Glasses (aka "TSARAvision") - delivered via Auto Shipment•Required personal protection equipment (PPE)- in Tools Program•HVS training material (will be provided when attending the instructor-led class)BMW has provided a High-Voltage Adapter (P/N 83 30 2 449667) especially designed to interface with BMW high-voltagesystem connectors.The purpose of the breakout box is to allow safe testing ofhigh-voltage circuits to minimize the risk of personal injuryand damage to the vehicle.The tool provides built-in safety features such as•Temperature monitoring of the connectorsBMW high-voltage adapter •The necessary built-in resistance to protect the userwhile testing.The BMW High-Voltage Adapter is currently available viathe automatic tool shipment program.Fluke 1587 FC Insulation multi-meter The Fluke 1587 FC meter measures isolation from 50 to 1000Volts and is commended by BMW to be used in combinationwith the BMW high-voltage adapter in the diagnosis andservice of Hybrid and electric vehicles.This tool is required to identify and validate the status of thehigh-voltage system and whether the following conditions areacceptable or not for service. This is the tool that BMWauthorized to carry out these tests.The Fluke 1587 Insulation Multimeter is currentlyavailable from the BMW Equipment Program catalog. Recommended personalprotection equipment availablethrough BMW:Class 0 gloves rated at 1000V- BMW P/N 81 69 2 355 210 GRUSB 61 19 - 15Recommended personal protection equipment that may also be locally sourced:•Insulated floor mat (rated at30 kV)•Nonflammable clothing•ANSI approved EH-ratedwork shoes Here is a list of the recommended personal protection equipment (PPE) for use when working on a vehicle with an unknown high-voltage system status.The components offered via BMW part numbers should not be considered optional. However, you may find equivalent replacement in the aftermarket to substitute for our suggestions.Any externally-sourced tool or part should meet ASTMF1505-01 standards, and meet voltage requirements no less than 1000 volts.Note: The BMW High-Voltage adapter will be distributed via the automatic tool shipment program (one unit per main location, excluding center which already purchased the adapter from the Tool Program). Refer to Special Tool Bulletin B04 04 19.The Fluke 1587 Insulation Multimeter is currently available from the BMW Equipment Program P/N 425-35024652, or may be sourced locally. This SIB also references SI B03 01 19High Voltage Diagnostic Specialist -Training and Equipment - training bulletin.CERTIFICATIONThe ST1821 High Voltage Diagnostic Specialist (HVS) class will be updated to testing competency, and will be a mandatory Technical Training course.The following chapters will be covered in HVS training:1.Understanding the Hazards of Electricity2.Electric Powertrain Service Notes3.Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)4.High-voltage System Diagnostic Equipment5.High-voltage System Safety Measures6.High-voltage Disconnect Verification7.High-voltage System Tests8.High-voltage ComponentsNote: This training material is NOT available on TIS. It is only available when Techniciansattend the instructor-led classes.PARTS INFORMATIONWARRANTY INFORMATIONPart Number Part description83 30 2 449 667BMW High-Voltage Adapter (Automatic Tool Shipment)425-35024652Fluke 1587 Insulation Multimeter – BMW Equipment program, or sourced locally 81 69 2 355 210Class 0 gloves rated to 1000VSuggested Insulated floor mat (rated to 30KV) - source locallySuggested ANSI approved EH-rated work shoes - source locally[ Copyright ©2019 BMW of North America, Inc. ]。

The Beginner’s Guide to Coding With NCS ExpertRev. 2011.04.23ContentsIntroduction (3)Part I: Intended Audience (3)Part II: Scope of This Document (3)Hardware (4)Installation (4)Part I: Download Software (4)Part II: Drivers (5)Part III: BMW Standard Tools (6)Part IV: Datens (7)Coding (8)Part I: Reading (8)Part II: Writing (10)Glossary (11)IntroductionPart I: Intended AudienceThis guide is intended for individuals who wish to learn to use the BMW Standard Tools software suite with a D-CAN cable to code the various modules found on late model BMW vehicles. It is assumed that you have at least a basic understanding of the following concepts:●Common PC hardware and software terminology●Installing hardware and hardware drivers in Windows environments●Working with common file archive formats●The BitTorrent protocol and associated software●BMW chassis designations and common automotive terminologyFurthermore, it is imperative that you understand that by modifying your vehicle using the procedures in this document entails a potential risk to your vehicle and possibly your warranty. The information in this document is provided as-is, and by using it to modify your vehicle in any way you assume any and all associated risks. Read this document carefully before attempting any of the procedures contained herein.That said, learning how to code your vehicle can be a very rewarding endeavor. These cars are packed full of features that are deactivated or locked-out from the factory, and learning to unlock that functionality can make owning and driving your car a much more enjoyable experience.Part II: Scope of This DocumentThe BMW Standard Tools suite and diagnostic cables have a myriad of uses. Readers are encouraged to seek-out additional ways to make use of the software and hardware employed in the techniques covered in this document. However, the focus of this document is strictly to teach you how to set up and use BMW Standard Tools (primarily NCS Expert) to code the modules found on BMW vehicles. There are several resources online detailing other ways to use BMW Standard Tools and diagnostic cables to get the most out of your car.HardwareIn order to use BMW Standard Tools to re-code your car, you will need the following hardware:● A PC (preferably a laptop) running at least Windows XP SP2. Windows 7 isrecommended. Many of the underlying programs used by BMW Standard Tools were designed to run on legacy (very old) systems. For this reason, setting-up a dedicated environment using virtualization software is recommended. However, this is an advanced topic and will not be covered in this document.●An INPA/EDIABAS K+DCAN USB Diagnostic cable. These can befound on eBay and other online retailers. Expect to pay around $100for the cable and shipping. It should look something like the image tothe right.InstallationThis is by far the most complicated and error-prone part of the whole process. Remember, these programs are either a)very old or b)designed to work on very old systems. It is easy for a novice to make a seemingly trivial mistake that will render the entire software suite unusable. Follow the steps below carefully to ensure you wind up with a stable environment.Part I: Download SoftwareThis guide is distributed as part of an archive that contains 4 sub-folders:●BMW Standard Tools 5.0●Datens (v38)●Drivers●MiscThe total size of the archive is just over 706MB. If you de-selected certain chassis in the Datens folder, your download will be smaller. Verify that you have all 4 components before you continue. Make sure these files are easily accessible in a working directory.Part II: Drivers1. Extract the Drivers.zip archive located in the Drivers sub-folder of your working directory. You can simply extract it to its current location.2. Connect the diagnostic cable to your PC and to your vehicle. Wait a few moments for Windows to inform you that it was unable to locate drivers automatically. At this point, you will have a new device called “D-CAN” in Device Manager.3. Right-click the “D-CAN” device and select “Update Driver Software”. Choose to browse your computer for driver software and select the “Drivers” folder in your working directory. Windows will find and install drivers for this device. It will now appear as “USB Serial Converter” under “Universal Serial Bus controllers”.4. Windows will now detect another new device called “USB Serial Port”. Follow the same procedure from Step 3, pointing Windows to the “Drivers” folder to install drivers for this device. After the drivers are installed, Windows will assign a COM port to this device and it will appear as “USB Serial Port (COM X)”, where X is the assigned COM port number. Take note of this number.5. Right-click on the “USB Serial Port (COM X)” device in Device Manager and open its properties pane. Navigate to the “Port Settings” tab, click on “Advanced...”, and locate the setting for “Latency Timer”. This value will be 16 by default. Change it to 1, and close the properties pane and Device Manager.You are now finished installing the drivers for your diagnostic cable.Part III: BMW Standard Tools1. Extract the archive in the “BMW Standard Tools 5.0” sub-folder and run “setup.exe”, located in the “Programinstallation” folder. If you are on Windows 7, you will need to enable Windows XP compatibility mode for “setup.exe”.●Use the defaults for all installation paths.●Uncheck the box for “Execute backup and restore wizard”.●Select the COM port from Step 3 of the previous section. Do not check the box for “USBto serial adapter”.●Restart your computer when prompted to do so.2. You are now finished installing BMW Standard Tools 5.0. If you opted to have desktop shortcuts created, then you will have shortcuts for INPA and NCS Expert on your desktop. If you didn’t, you may want to create shortcuts for them now. Their paths are (respectively):●C:\EC-APPS\INPA\BIN\INPALOAD.EXE●C:\NCSEXPER\BIN\NCSEXPER.EXEYou may also want to create a shortcut to the C:\NCSEXPER\WORK folder, which you will also be using every time you work with NCS Expert.Part IV: Datens1. Inside the “Datens (v38)” folder in your working directory are archives of the daten files for each chassis supported. Some models will use datens from another similar model in the same generation. For example: R55, R56, R57, and R60 models all use the R56 datens.2. Once you have determined the correct daten archive to use, extract it to a temporary directory. The archive will contain 3 sub-folders. You will need to copy/move the files in these sub-folders accordingly:●All files in “daten” → C:\NCSEXPER\DATEN\XXX (where XXX is your chassis code)●All files in “sgdat” → C:\NCSEXPER\SGDAT●All files in “ecu” → C:\EDIABAS\ECUDo not copy the folders themselves, only the files inside them. Choose “Copy and Replace” to resolve conflicts.3. Navigate to “C:\NCSEXPER\DATEN\XXX” (where XXX is your chassis code) and run the “LADEN.BAT” file.4. Finally, copy “REVTOR.PFL” from the “Misc” folder in your working directory into“C:\NCSEXPER\PFL”.You have now finished setting-up NCS Expert to code modules in your car.CodingAt this point you are ready to begin using NCS Expert to code your car. Follow this procedure every time you use NCS Expert.Part I: Reading1. Connect your cable to your vehicle’s OBD II port and to your computer. Your vehicle’s ignition should be in the ON position, but your engine does not need to be running.2. Launch INPA and verify that it reads Battery: ON and Ignition: ON. You should also have a program called “EDIABAS Server” running in your task bar. If everything checks out, close INPA. Leave the server running.3. Open “C:\NCSEXPER\WORK” and create an empty text file named “FSW_PSW.MAN”.4. Launch NCS Expert. Go to File -> Load profil and select “Revtor’s NCS Expert Profile”, click OK.5. Select “VIN/ZCS/FA” then “ZCS/FA f. ECU”. This will tell NCS Expert to attempt to read your VIN from your vehicle’s ECU so you don’t have to type it in.6. Select your chassis from the list and click OK. Then select which module you want NCS Expert to read your VIN from. Usually the first choice is fine. Click OK again to have NCS Expert read your VIN. You should see the CHASSIS, FG, and FA fields populated in the top part of the NCS Expert window.6. Select “Back”, then “Process ECU”. You will be prompted to select a module. Select the module you want to read values from and click OK. Click OK again on the window that appears to return to the main NCS Expert window.WARNING: At this point, it is very easy to do something that could make your entire car explode. Always remember that coding is serious business. The default job is “SG_CODIEREN” which will write to the selected module using the values in FSW_PSW.MAN, which is presently empty. Be extremely careful any time you use NCS Expert, but especially at this stage in coding.7. Select “Job” and choose “CODIERDATEN_LESSEN” from the menu. This will change the job from one that writes to one that only reads data. Many of the job names look very similar. Always read job names carefully to ensure you select the correct one.8. At this point NCS Expert is relatively harmless, as all it can do is read from your car. Select “Execute job” to begin reading from your selected module. When you see “Coding ended” below the module name, the process has completed.9. Once NCS Expert has read data from a module, it stores that data in a file called“FSW_PSW.TRC” (called a “trace file”) in the “C:\NCSEXPER\WORK” folder. This file contains some general information about your car, as well as all the values currently stored in the module you read from.Part II: WritingIt is assumed that you already know which field(s) you want to modify and the correct values for those fields. This information is readily available online.1. Open “FSW_PSW.TRC” and find the field you wish to modify. Trace files are formatted as:FIELD_NAMEfield_value2. Change the field value(s) to your desired settings, then save this file as “FSW_PSW.MAN”, overwriting the empty one you created earlier.3. If you closed NCS Expert, follow steps 1-6 in the section above to get back to the correct screen. Otherwise, NCS Expert is ready to code your module as soon as the job is changed back to the default, “SG_CODIEREN”. Do this by selecting “Job” and then “SG_CODIEREN”, then click OK. Verify that the correct job appears in the “JOBNAME“ field.4. Click “Execute job” to have NCS Expert write the information from FSW_PSW.MAN to your vehicle. When you see “Coding ended” below the module name, the process has completed. Depending on what you coded, you may need to turn your car off and back on again to verify the desired feature/behavior has taken effect.5. Open “FSW_PSW.MAN” and delete its contents. Save and close the file.Repeat the procedure for “reading” and “writing” for each module you want to re-code.GlossaryBMW Standard Tools – The software suite distributed by BMW Group that contains several interoperating applications and drivers, including NCS Expert, WinKFP, NFS, INPA, and others.Datens – German for “data sets”. In this context, the term refers to various file types that contain information about the modules found on a given vehicle and how to code them. Datens are distributed as part of ISTA-P software releases, and are typically referred along with the version of ISTA-P they were distributed with. For instance, datens from ISTA-P 2.38 are informally referred to as “v38 datens”.D-CAN – A subset of the CAN standard, which stands for Controller Area Network. This is the bus standard used by all the systems in BMW (and other late-model) vehicles to communicate with one another. Analogous to a LAN comprised of several computers which all communicate via a standard protocol. A D-CAN cable is able to connect to an OBD II port and allow another connected device to communicate on the vehicle’s network.EDIABAS – E lectronic Dia gnostic Ba se S ystem – A proprietary communicationprotocol/command set developed by BMW and implemented in all their vehicles. All proprietary BMW software uses EDIABAS to communicate with the vehicle.INPA – Diagnostic tool distributed with BMW Standard Tools that implements EDIABAS to perform a host of functions related to testing/reporting/troubleshooting.ISTA-P – Suite of diagnostic software in a client/server architecture. Used by BMW dealers to perform all sorts of tasks, and to update the software on vehicles when BMW releases new versions. Datens are distributed with this software and are extracted and used with NCS Expert. Module – A standalone computer that performs one or more related, specialized functions in the vehicle. Modules are not centrally located; they are found all throughout the vehicle. Modules communicate with other modules and systems on the CAN network, and implement the EDIABAS standard.NCS Expert – Software application distributed with BMW Standard Tools that can communicate directly with any module on the CAN network. NCS Expert can, among other things, read the configuration codes from modules and write new configurations to them.11。

宝马BMW1系维修⼿册：E87动⼒总成学员⼿册学员⼿册E87 动⼒总成BMW 售后服务本学员⼿册中所包含的信息仅适⽤于 BMW 售后服务培训班的学员。

有关技术数据⽅⾯的更改 / 补充情况请参见 BMW 售后服务的最新相关信息。

信息状态：2004 年 4 ⽉******************2004 BMW AG售后服务培训，慕尼⿊，德国。

未经 BMW AG（慕尼⿊）的书⾯许可不得翻印本⼿册的任何部分。

学员⼿册E87 动⼒总成动⼒总成技术的新发展4 缸汽油和柴油发动机⽬录E87 动⼒总成⽬的1 本学员⼿册的⽤途1车型3 发动机和变速箱类型3简介5 动⼒总成技术5系统组件7 ⼿动变速箱7⾃动变速箱9传动轴，后桥主减速器，半轴17排⽓装置20冷却系统23燃油系统27⽬的E87 动⼒总成本学员⼿册的⽤途本学员⼿册⽤于整个培训过程，同时可⽤作参考资料。

本学员⼿册介绍了 E87 车型系列现有部件的改进以及新发展情况。

12车型E87 动⼒总成发动机和变速箱类型E87 上市时提供下列发动机和变速箱类型：车型发动机⼿动变速箱⾃动变速箱后桥主减速器116i N45B16 S5D-200G GA6HP19Z 168 L118i N46B20 UL S5D-200G GA6HP19Z 168 L120i N46B20 OL GS6-37BZ GA6HP19Z 168 L118d M47D20 UL GS6-37DZ --- 168 L120d M47D20 OL GS6-37DZ GA6HP19Z 188 L所有发动机都满⾜欧 4 排放法规要求。

34简介E87 动⼒总成动⼒总成技术E87 车型系列的动⼒总成由以下系统组件组成：⼿动变速箱⾃动变速箱传动轴后桥主减速器?半轴排⽓装置冷却系统燃油系统N45/N46 发动机?M47TU2 发动机新特点–汽油发动机上取消了机油尺。

发动机油油位在组合仪表上显⽰。

–燃油油位传感器 MAPPS（被动式磁膜位置传感器）是⼀个全新开发的产品。

F20 新宝马1系开隐藏功能心得，汽车之家，我找大夫版。

2012.11.2 .刷机前请特别注意红色字体的命令，如无特别需要不要刷，知道即可。

目前能实现的内容并且测试有效的是：1.锁车、开锁有BB声提示，解锁两声，锁车一声，弄完了去idriver里面设置里面打勾激活一下才有效。

HU_ENTRY 3000 HMI,78 ACOUSTICAL_LOCK_CONFIRM nicht aktiv=00 修改为 aktiv=012. 启动车子的时候IDRIVE大屏幕不需要按确认键了，去除确认。

HU_ENTRY 3001 EXBOX,78 LEGAL_DISCLAIMER_TIME ld_mit_timeout 修改为 kein_ld3. 多功能运动仪表盘，包含扭矩表可以刷出来但是不会动，期待升级后改进。

HU_ENTRY 3000 HMI,78 EFF_DYN_SPORT_CID nicht aktiv=00 修改为 aktiv=014. 开启cic菜单版本查看功能，在屏幕里面选设置，然后向右拨动idriver按钮调到头，即可看cic版本。

HU_ENTRY 3000 HMI,78 ENTWICKLER_MENUE nicht aktiv=00 修改为 aktiv=015. 空调内外循环模式，记忆上一次使用的循环状态（默认是启动就开启外循环）。

IHKA 3002 Funkitionskodierung_HO.06 MEMORY_UMLUFT nicht aktiv=00 修改为 aktiv=016. 空调的启动记忆上一次操作状态。

IHKA 3002 Funkitionskodierung_HO.06 MEMORY_OFF nicht aktiv=00 修改为 aktiv=017. 启车的自动启停可以记忆上一次操作状态，或者默认关闭自动启停。

（二选一即可，我推荐记忆上一次）记忆上一次 FEM_BODY 3023 TcMaster2,02 TCM_MSA_MEMORY nicht aktiv=00 修改为 aktiv=01默认就关闭 FEM_BODY 3023 TcMaster2,02 TCM_MSA_DEPAULT_OFF nicht aktiv=00 修改为 aktiv=018. 玻璃升降的过程不受开门、关门动作的影响。

学员手册E87 显示和操作元件BMW 售后服务本学员手册中所包含的信息仅适用于 BMW 售后服务培训班的学员。

有关技术数据方面的更改 / 补充情况请参见 BMW 售后服务的最新相关信息。

信息状态：2004 年 10 月conceptinfo@bmw.de© 2004 BMW Group售后服务培训，慕尼黑，德国。

未经 BMW 集团（慕尼黑）的书面许可不得翻印本手册的任何部分。

学员手册E87 显示和操作元件简要信息概览BMW 1 系中也有控制器“联网服务”给客户带来的好处目录简介1完美的解决方案 1 组合仪表 2 中央信息显示屏 CID 3 联网服务 4 个性化配置5系统概览7 组合仪表7 中央信息显示屏 CID10系统组件13组合仪表13 中央信息显示屏 CID18 联网服务19工作原理23组合仪表23 中央信息显示屏 CID27 个性化配置29服务信息31组合仪表31 中央信息显示屏 CID34 联网服务35总结37要点371简介显示和操作元件完美的解决方案在本学员手册 TNU 将介绍新款 BMW 1 系的显示和操作方案。

本学员手册分为以下几个部分： • 组合仪表• 中央信息显示屏 CID • 联网服务 • 个性化配置。

显示和操作方案1 - 显示和操作方案索引 说明索引 说明1 组合开关 / 方向盘 3 中央信息显示屏 CID2 组合仪表4控制器在 BMW 1 系中也可以通过控制器操作所有舒适功能和个别车辆功能。

2组合仪表BMW 1 系上的组合仪表带有显示以下信息的模拟式仪表： • 车速• 转速和 • 燃油箱油位。

两个大的指针式仪表用于显示车速和发动机转速。

转速表中的小指针式仪表显示燃油箱当前油位。

组合仪表的刻度盘规格取决于国家或地区、车辆和发动机的具体情况。

所有指示灯都布置在两个大指针式仪表之间的中部和上部。

在两个大指针式仪表之间的中部区域内还有一个 LC 显示屏。

2 – 组合仪表经典的双刻度盘设计有利于驾驶员观察这两个仪表。

相信爱好汽车的网友们没有谁是不知道宝马汽车的，但是关于宝马，却又有很多信息是国内的网友们所不了解的。

比如说宝马公司内部采用的地盘代号“E”，从1951年推出的E541至今，E打头的宝马底盘已经走过了半个多世纪的路程，而自2009款宝马7系开始，宝马将开始采用“F”开头的底盘代号。

今天总结了“E”的发展史，与不了解这部分内容的网友们共同学习一下由E所谱写的宝马辉煌的历史。

由字母“E”支撑起来的宝马家族E这个字母在其他的行业中也许并不代表什么深层的含义，但是在汽车界，却有着非同一般的意义，因为它在宝马80年的历史中扮演着非常重要的角色。

E是宝马公司内部所采用的底盘代号，在后面加上数字便用来表示这是哪一代的车型。

EXX（XX表示阿拉伯数字）指的是宝马车型的开发序列号，我们用它来区分不同时期的同型号车款。

譬如E46指的是上一代的宝马3系列轿车，而E90指的是最新的宝马3系列轿车。

好了，命名的规律找出来了，我们就要详细的说说宝马“E”的辉煌吧。

考虑到网友们的阅读习惯，同时也避免小编说的乱了套，我们就先从宝马1系说起。

时代的先河E872004年9月10日推出E87为前置后驱两厢轿车2004年9月10日，E87正式上市。

E87为宝马家族中的先驱兵，首次将世界级豪华品牌的价格下探至20万区间。

也是当时唯一的小型豪华前置后驱两厢轿车。

这款车成为宝马历史上最成功的产品，2005年一年共售出149493辆。

最为尴尬的车型E812007年推出采用3门设计的E81在紧凑型车市场横行了3年以后，随着时间的推移和技术的不断更新，在2007年，E87也终于迎来了升级换代的时刻。

升级换代后的车型被称为E81。

该车采用了3门的设计无论是外观还是引擎都得到了升级。

不过说来说去E81也只不过是为了推出E82而设计的一款过度车型。

同年，宝马又推出了双门轿跑车E82和敞篷车E88。

集三千宠爱于一身的E822007年推出双门轿跑车E82E82和3系拥有同一个祖先1500系列，只不过1系保留了后期车型2002系列车型的精髓。