拱桥施工方案(英文)1- Arch-Construction

工程方案英语1. IntroductionThe construction of a new bridge is a major undertaking that requires careful planning and execution. This project proposal outlines the plan for the construction of a new bridge that will connect two important areas and improve transportation infrastructure in the region. The bridge will provide a safe and efficient passage for vehicles and pedestrians, and will contribute to the economic development of the area.2. Project ObjectivesThe main objectives of this project are:- To improve transportation infrastructure in the region- To provide a safe and efficient passage for vehicles and pedestrians- To contribute to the economic development of the area3. Project LocationThe new bridge will be constructed over the river that divides the two areas. The location has been selected based on a thorough analysis of the topography, geology, and hydrology of the area. The bridge will connect two important commercial and residential areas, and will serve as a crucial link for the transportation network in the region.4. Project ScopeThe construction of the new bridge will involve the following key aspects:- Design and engineering of the bridge structure- Environmental impact assessment and mitigation- Procurement of materials and equipment- Construction and installation of the bridge- Quality control and testing- Safety and risk management- Project management and coordination5. Design and EngineeringThe design and engineering of the bridge will be carried out by a team of experienced professionals who specialize in bridge construction. The design will take into consideration the specific requirements of the location, including the river flow, the soil conditions, andthe expected traffic load. The bridge will be designed to meet all safety and engineering standards, and will incorporate the latest technologies and materials for durability and longevity.6. Environmental Impact AssessmentBefore the construction begins, an environmental impact assessment will be conducted to identify potential environmental impacts and to develop appropriate mitigation measures. This assessment will include a comprehensive study of the river ecosystem, the local wildlife, and the surrounding natural habitats. The project will be designed and executed in a way that minimizes any adverse environmental effects, and that complies with all applicable laws and regulations.7. Procurement of Materials and EquipmentThe procurement of materials and equipment for the construction of the bridge will be carefully planned and executed. The project team will source high-quality materials and equipment from reliable suppliers, and will ensure that all components meet the required standards and specifications. The procurement process will be managed with strict adherence to budgetary constraints and timelines, and will be subject to thorough quality control and inspection.8. Construction and InstallationThe construction and installation of the bridge will be carried out by experienced contractors and skilled laborers. The construction process will be planned and executed in accordance with the project schedule and milestones, and will be closely monitored to ensure the highest quality and safety standards. The installation of the bridge will involve the use of specialized equipment and techniques, and will be overseen by a team of engineers and supervisors.9. Quality Control and TestingThroughout the construction process, rigorous quality control and testing measures will be implemented to ensure the structural integrity and safety of the bridge. All materials and components will be subject to thorough inspection and testing, and all construction activities will be monitored and supervised to detect and address any deviations from the project specifications. The final product will undergo comprehensive testing to verify its strength, stability, and performance.10. Safety and Risk ManagementThe safety of all personnel involved in the construction process will be a top priority. A comprehensive safety plan will be developed and implemented, which will include appropriate safety training, the use of personal protective equipment, and strict adherence to safety protocols and regulations. In addition, a risk management plan will be establishedto identify and address potential hazards and risks associated with the construction of the bridge.11. Project Management and CoordinationThe overall management and coordination of the project will be overseen by a dedicated project manager, who will be responsible for planning, organizing, and controlling all aspects of the project. The project manager will work closely with a team of professionals, including engineers, designers, contractors, and suppliers, to ensure effective communication, collaboration, and problem-solving. The project manager will be accountable for the successful completion of the project within the established budget and timeline.12. ConclusionThe construction of a new bridge is a complex and challenging project that requires thorough planning, coordinated effort, and strict adherence to high standards of quality, safety, and environmental responsibility. This project proposal outlines the plan for the design, engineering, and construction of a new bridge that will improve transportation infrastructure and contribute to the economic development of the region. The successful completion of this project will provide a vital link for the transportation network and a symbol of progress and connectivity for the community.。

The relevant terms that are used to describe the various parts of an arch bridge are shown in Figure 1.在图1中显示用来描述一个拱桥的各部分的有关术语。

Arches may be grouped according to the following parameters:拱桥可以根据以下参数进行分组：1. the materials of construction2. the structural articulation3. the shape of the arch1．建筑材料2．结构的衔接3．拱桥的形状Historically, arch bridges are associated with stone masonry. This gave way to brickwork in the nineteenth century. Because these were proportioned to minimise the possibility of tensile stress, they tend to be fairly massive structures.从历史上看，拱桥都是与石头建筑有联系的，但是在十九世纪让位给了砖砌结构。

因为他们的比例尽可能的减少了拉伸应力的可能性，这使得他们有成为巨大结构的趋势。

By comparison the use of reinforced concrete and modern structural steel gives the opportunity for slender, elegant arches.相比之下，使用钢筋混凝土和现代结构钢为拱桥提供了简约、典雅的机会。

With regard to structural articulation the arch can be fixed or hinged. In the latter case either one, two or three hinges can be incorporated into the arch rib. Whilst thefixed arch has three redundancies, the introduction of each hinge reduced the indeterminacy by one until, with three hinges, the arch is statically determinate and hence, theoretically, free of the problems of secondary stresses. Figure 2 shows a range of possible arrangements. The articulation of the arch is not only dependent upon the number of hinges but is also fund amentally influenced by the position of the deck and the nature of the load transfer from the deck to the arch.至于衔接拱结构可固接或铰接。

第1篇一、项目概述本项目为某地区某河流上的拱桥建设，桥梁全长为200米，主跨为100米，采用单跨拱桥设计。

拱桥结构为钢筋混凝土结构，桥面宽度为9米，设计荷载为汽车-超20级，验算荷载为挂车-120。

本项目旨在提高地区交通效率，改善两岸居民出行条件。

二、施工准备1. 组织机构及人员配置成立项目施工指挥部，下设施工、技术、质量、安全、材料、财务等职能科室。

各科室负责人由经验丰富、责任心强的管理人员担任，确保项目顺利进行。

2. 施工场地准备- 清理施工现场，确保场地平整、排水畅通。

- 设置临时施工道路，方便材料运输和人员进出。

- 建立临时办公、生活设施，满足施工人员需求。

3. 材料设备准备- 购置或租赁施工所需的各种材料、设备，如钢筋、水泥、模板、吊车、搅拌机等。

- 对设备进行检查、维修，确保其性能良好。

4. 技术准备- 组织技术人员学习设计图纸和相关规范，熟悉施工工艺。

- 编制施工组织设计、施工方案，明确施工顺序、施工方法、质量控制要点等。

三、施工工艺1. 基础施工- 首先进行基础开挖，按照设计要求进行地基处理。

- 基础采用钢筋混凝土结构，分两次浇筑，先浇筑垫层，再浇筑承台。

- 基础混凝土达到设计强度后，进行承台模板安装，进行混凝土浇筑。

2. 拱肋施工- 拱肋采用钢筋混凝土结构，分节段施工。

- 在基础上设置支架，支架采用钢支撑结构，确保拱肋施工过程中的稳定。

- 拱肋分节段施工，先浇筑底板，再浇筑侧板，最后浇筑拱顶。

- 每节段混凝土达到设计强度后，拆除支架，进行下一节段施工。

3. 桥面施工- 桥面采用钢筋混凝土结构，分两次浇筑，先浇筑底板，再浇筑面板。

- 在拱肋施工完成后，进行桥面模板安装，进行混凝土浇筑。

- 桥面混凝土达到设计强度后，进行桥面防水、排水、栏杆等附属工程施工。

四、质量控制1. 原材料质量控制- 严格控制钢筋、水泥、砂石等原材料的质量，确保其符合设计要求。

- 对原材料进行抽样检验，不合格材料不得使用。

第1篇一、工程概况本项目为某地区一座新建桥梁工程，桥梁全长150米，主跨100米，采用预应力混凝土拱桥结构。

拱桥施工方案如下：二、施工组织设计1. 施工组织结构（1）项目经理部：负责整个工程的施工组织、指挥、协调和管理工作。

（2）项目部各部门：包括工程技术部、施工管理部、质量安全部、物资设备部、财务部等。

2. 施工进度安排（1）施工准备阶段：2个月（2）基础施工阶段：4个月（3）拱圈施工阶段：6个月（4）桥面系施工阶段：3个月（5）竣工交工阶段：1个月总计：16个月三、施工准备1. 施工场地平整（1）对施工现场进行测量放样，确定桥墩、桥台位置。

（2）对施工场地进行平整，满足施工要求。

2. 施工材料、设备准备（1）材料：水泥、钢筋、混凝土、砂石等。

（2）设备：搅拌站、混凝土输送泵、振捣器、模板等。

3. 施工人员培训（1）组织施工人员进行技术培训，提高施工人员的技术水平。

（2）对施工人员进行安全教育，提高安全意识。

四、基础施工1. 桥墩施工（1）开挖基础：根据设计要求，进行桥墩基础开挖。

（2）浇筑基础：采用混凝土浇筑，确保基础质量。

（3）安装钢筋：根据设计图纸，安装桥墩钢筋。

（4）浇筑桥墩：浇筑桥墩混凝土，确保质量。

2. 桥台施工（1）开挖基础：根据设计要求，进行桥台基础开挖。

（2）浇筑基础：采用混凝土浇筑，确保基础质量。

（3）安装钢筋：根据设计图纸，安装桥台钢筋。

（4）浇筑桥台：浇筑桥台混凝土，确保质量。

五、拱圈施工1. 模板制作与安装（1）根据设计要求，制作拱圈模板。

（2）安装模板，确保模板位置准确、牢固。

2. 钢筋加工与安装（1）加工拱圈钢筋，确保尺寸、形状符合设计要求。

（2）安装拱圈钢筋，确保位置准确、牢固。

3. 混凝土浇筑（1）根据设计要求，配制混凝土。

（2）采用混凝土输送泵进行混凝土浇筑，确保浇筑均匀、密实。

（3）振捣混凝土，排除气泡，提高混凝土质量。

4. 拆除模板（1）在混凝土达到一定强度后，拆除模板。

Introduction:As the construction industry continues to evolve, the implementation of a well-planned execution plan is crucial for the successful completion of any project. This document outlines the execution plan for our upcoming construction project, detailing the key phases, strategies, and resources required to achieve the project objectives.1. Project Overview:The project involves the construction of a residential complex with a total of 100 units, including apartments, penthouses, and commercial spaces. The project site is located in a bustling urban area, and the estimated completion time is 24 months.2. Pre-construction Phase:2.1 Planning and Design:- Conduct a thorough site analysis to identify potential risks and constraints.- Collaborate with architects, engineers, and consultants to finalize the design and obtain necessary permits.- Develop a comprehensive project schedule, including key milestones and deadlines.2.2 Resource Allocation:- Identify the required resources, such as labor, materials, and equipment.- Establish a procurement plan to ensure timely delivery of materials and equipment.- Assign project managers and team members, ensuring clear communication and coordination.2.3 Budgeting and Cost Control:- Prepare a detailed budget, including labor, materials, equipment, and contingency funds.- Implement cost control measures to monitor and manage expenses throughout the project.3. Construction Phase:3.1 Site Preparation:- Clear the site of debris and vegetation.- Establish temporary utilities, such as electricity, water, and drainage.- Lay out the construction boundaries and mark critical areas.3.2 Foundation and Structure:- Excavate the site and pour concrete foundations.- Construct the structural framework, including columns, beams, and slabs.- Ensure compliance with safety standards and quality control measures.3.3 Interior and Exterior Finishing:- Install electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems.- Apply finishes, such as tiles, paint, and wallpaper.- Install doors, windows, and fixtures.3.4 Landscape and Infrastructure:- Construct driveways, sidewalks, and parking areas.- Install landscaping elements, such as trees, shrubs, and grass.- Set up utilities, such as water, electricity, and gas connections.4. Post-construction Phase:4.1 Quality Assurance and Control:- Conduct regular inspections and quality checks to ensure compliance with design specifications and standards.- Address any defects or issues promptly to maintain the project's reputation.4.2 Handover:- Prepare the project for handover to the client, including final inspections and documentation.- Provide necessary training and support to the client for maintenance and operation.4.3 Post-handover Support:- Offer ongoing support and maintenance services for the first yearafter handover.- Address any concerns or issues raised by the client promptly.Conclusion:The execution plan for our construction project is designed to ensure a systematic and efficient approach to the project's completion. By adhering to this plan, we aim to deliver a high-quality, cost-effective, and timely project that meets the client's expectations. Through effective communication, coordination, and quality control, we will strive to achieve the project objectives and contribute to the success of our client and stakeholders.。

Bridge Foundation and Substructure Construction Programme (k5+000 3×25m=75m Mamboleo Bridge)1.Basis(1)The Standard Specification for Kenya Road and Bridge Construction.(2) Contract of the Rehabilitation of Kisumu-Kakamega Road, Special Specification.(3) Drawings.(4) The General Requirement of Construction Period.(5)Actual condition in-site.2. General Status of the Bridgewe plan to commence construction of Km5+000 bridge recently. The superstructure is 3×2.5m cast-in-situ continuous “T”girder(30/20 concrete). The bridge pier and abutment of substructure is extended open cut foundation(30/20 concrete). Pier body adopts thin-walled pier (30/20 concrete) and bridge cap beam (30/20 concrete). The type of abutment body uses wing-wall abutment(30/20 concrete) and 30/20 reinforced concrete structure. Attached please find Km5+000 Manboleo bridge substructure programme.3.Found ation (Extended Open Cut Foundation) Construction Technology Scheme(1) PreparationThe preparation of construction mechanical equipment, staffs, location set-out, original material test and standard ratio test have been completed, and the side road around construction location could meet bridge construction requirement.(2)Foundation Pit ExcavationMechanical equipment shall apply to foundation pit excavation,and labor forces clear the bottom of pit. Based on the actual condition of excavated culvert, foundation pit slope sets out is 1:0.33 or1:0.25. 10cm-20cm width shall be reserved for labor force cleaning. If the underground water in high level, a ring drain will be excavated around foundation pit. The top width of drain is 0.5m, and underpart is 0.3m; Onewater collection pit(0.5＊0.5＊0.8m3) shall be excavated if necessary.(3) Set Out and Blinding ConcreteAfter finishing foundation pit cleaning, the surface of pit shall be compacted. Then, commencing set out base location, dimensions and elevation,the results of which shall be reported to Engineer for inspection and approval. After that,casting100mm blinding concrete(15/40) in-situ. The top elevation of blinding concrete is the same with the bottom elevation of pile cap, which is under the requirement of specification. The width of blinding concrete is 0.05m larger than pier cap outline,which need strictly control during construction.(4)Reinforcing Bar EngineeringThe bearing platform foundation reinforcement is centralized blanking and processing. Concrete cushion block is applied between steel reinforcement and formwork to insure protective layer thickness under the design requirement.A, Steel Reinforcement Processinga, The test result of reinforcement steel shall be approved by the Engineer. All the steel bars shall have quality certificate.b, The steel surface shall be cleaned for oil spot , paint and rust pitting; the steel shall be straight without local bending. When cold drawing method adopted, Grade I steel cold drawn rate ≦2% ,and Grade II steel ≦1%. .c, Based on reasonable, economic and practical principle, steel blanking shall obey the requirement of drawings, and avoid processing large quantities of short steels. Reinforcement steel is processed in strip slab which is cast-in-place concrete(15/20concrete) slab with width 1.2m and length 20m. Steel will be marked by steel ruler or flexible ruler on strip slab, and processed by machine with settled bending angle.d, Connection of Steel Bar:to meet the requirement of lap length , lapped bar will be applied to main reinforcement.B, Others matters shall strictly adhere to the requirement of construction specification.(5)FormworkA,the formwork for bridge bearing platform(foundation) is bulk assemble split formwork. To ensure the joints smooth without joint trace, the steel plate for formwork is δ≮5mm (or fabricated formwork whose back arris is made by 1.22*2.44m wood glue board and lumps of wood).B, the stiffness,strength and stability of fromwork shall meet requirement. No formwork shall be applied to construction without inspection and approval.C,fromwork shall be shuttered by skilled labor at one time. In order to avoid leakage and insure concrete quality, the joint seam shall less than1.5mm, faulting of slab less than 1.5mm. Releasing agent shall be applied to reinforcement before installation.FORMWORKlumps of wood，gap 50[12u-bar orsteel tupeD, Formwork installation shall be tight. The joint shall be sealed in good condition to avoid spillage and ensure structure surface looks good, lines and shape smooth.E, the planimetric position, top elevation, joint and longitudinal stability shall be checked after formwork installation. Meanwhile, the length and planimetric position of embedded bar shall be checked. The concrete shall not be cast without the approval of Engineer. Formwork shall be inspected during casting in case out of shape.F, Formwork Dismantlement: concrete work shall not be damaged during dismantlement. Dismantlement shall follow the procedure of “support first dismantle afterward”, “dismantle first support afterward”, and formwork shall not be threw during removal. The dismantlement minimum period is according to the requirement of general specification clause 17-4.(6) Construction of Concrete WorkConcrete shall be mixed in mixing plant, measured by E-metrics and transport by truck, truck crane or concrete pump, and vibrated mechanically to avoid honeycombs and holes. Once forming continuous concrete casting shall be applied to concrete work without construction joint and seam. Test sample no less than 2groups.(7)Foundation Pit BackfillConcrete curing shall be at least 7 days after foundation concrete complete, then back-filling in layers when concrete strength meet requirement. Back-filling and compaction shall adhere to the standard specification.4, Thin-walled Pier, Bridge Beam and Wing-Walled Abutment Construction Technology Scheme(1)Reinforcing Bar EngineeringThe reinforcement of pier and abutment is centralized blanking and processing, and concrete cushion block will applied between reinforcement and formwork to insure the thickness of the protective layer and design requirement.A, Reinforcement Processinga,The test result of reinforcement steel shall be approved by the Engineer. All the steel bars shall have quality certificate.b, The steel surface shall be cleaned for oil spot , paint and rust pitting; the steel shall be straight without local bending. When cold drawing method adopted, Grade I steel cold drawn rate≦2% ,and Grade II steel ≦1% .c, Based on reasonable, economic and practical principle, steel blanking shall obey the requirement of drawings, and avoid processing large quantities of shortsteels. Reinforcement steel shall be processed in strip slab which is cast-in-place concrete(15/20concrete) slab with width 1.2m and length 20m. Steel shall be marked by steel ruler or flexible ruler on strip slab and processed by machine with settled bending angle.d, Connection of Steel BarTo meet the requirement of lap length, lapped bar will be applied to main reinforcement.B, Other matters need attention shall under the requirement of construction specification.(2) FormworkA,the formwork for pier is bulk assemble sheet steel form, and form for abutment is fabricated formwork whose back arris is made by wood glue board and lumps of wood. To ensure the joints smooth without joint trace, split billot turnover form method shall applied to construction, and casting length is 3-4m every time. Special-shaped form shall be prepared according to different pier and bridge mast, and the steel plate for formwork is δ≮5mm. Formwork shall be reinforced by steel framework.B, the stiffness,strength and stability of fromwork shall meet requirement. No formwork shall be applied to construction without inspection and approval.C,fromwork shall be shuttered by skilled labor at one time. In order to avoid leakage and insure concrete quality ,the joint seam no more than 1mm, faulting of slab shall follow the regulation of specification. Releasing agent should be applied to reinforcement before installation.D, To avoid form skew,outside of formwork shall be reinforced. The method of reinforcing form as follows: a, steel scaffold; b, mooring rope; c, split bolt and drawbar. Total station instruments or drop ball shall be used to check up foresaid form. Total station instrument shall applied to examine high pier concrete construction.Pier formwork reinforced as follows:cable wind rope metre steel chiselE, the installation of the formwork shall be tight. The joint shall be sealed in good condition to avoid leakage and ensure surface looks good, line and shape smooth.F, the planimetric position, top elevation, joint and longitudinal stability shall beexamined after formwork installation. Meanwhile, the length and planimetric position of embedded bar shall be checked. The concrete shall not be cast without the approval of Engineer. Formwork shall be inspected during casting in case out of shape.G, Formwork Dismantlement: concrete work shall not be damaged during dismantlement. Dismantlement shall follow the procedure of “support first dismantle afterward”, “dismantle first support afterward”, and formwork shall not be threw during removal. The dismantlement minimum time is according to the requirement of general specification clause 17-4.(4) Construction of Concrete WorkConcrete shall be centralized mixed and hardened in mixing plant, and stored according to different materials, and separated by brick wall. Mixed concrete shall be measured by E-metrics and transport by truck, truck crane or concrete pump, and vibrated mechanically to avoid honeycombs and holes. Pier body shall cast 2-4m every time, and construction joint and seam shall be remained. Test sample no less than 2groups.Staffs and equipment arrangement for each pier, abutment as follows:StaffsEquipment5, Attention of Bridge Substructure Concrete Construction(1)Concrete TransportConcrete transportation capability shall meet the requirement of concrete condensation rate and casting speed to ensure dispersion uniformity and regulated slump of concrete and continues casting. The loss of slump from mixing plant tocasting shall less than 25%.(2)Concrete CastingA, No concrete shall be cast before support, formwork, reinforcement and embedded part are checked and recorded and meet design requirement. Sundries and water of formwork and dirt of reinforcement shall be removed. Form crack shall be sealed, and releasing agent shall be applied to formwork. Concrete uniformity and slump shall be examined before casting.B, Concrete shall be cast layer by layer according to certain thickness, sequence and direction. The upper layer shall be cast at the beginning of lower layer solidification. Should both layers commenced casting at the same time, the distance of which remains more than 1.5m. If concrete casting on inclined plane, it shall started form low to upper section gradually and keeping horizontal slicing.Concrete casting thickness no more than 500mm, and no less than quadruple size of the biggest aggregate.(3)Cast-in-place concrete shall be vibrated by vibration rob, except few plasticity concrete which could vibrate to dense by labor force,The following regulations shall be followed while vibration rob applied to use.A, Plug-in vibration rob working space shall no more than 1.5time of its action radius, and shall keep 50-100mm from side form. The depth of rob plug in is 50-100mm. Rob shall be moved out slowly after finishing vibration to avoid impacting form, reinforcement and other embedded parts.B, The moving space of surface vibrator shall ensure vibration plate covering 100mm vibrated concrete.C, Concrete shall be vibrated to density for every part. The symbol of well vibrated concrete are no sinking and bubble, and surface of which is smooth and bleeding.(4) Concrete shall be cast continuously.If casting was interrupt for some reason, the period shall less than concrete initial curdle time or concrete retempering time of the front layer. The time of transporting, casting and break shall follow the requirement of the following form. Construction joint shall be reserved if time out ofregulation.(5) In process or after casting, water shall be drained away without stirring cast concrete if its bleeding in the surface of concrete. Measures shall be taken to avoid bleeding during continuous casting.Time for concrete transport, casting and break(Min)(6) the exposed surface of concrete shall be trimmed, troweled after finishing casting. Concrete shall be troweled again, and pressed polish or galled after concrete grout stabilized. Protection measures shall be taken if large surface exposed or bad weather condition happened. However, covering material shall not get in touch with concrete before its curing.(7) Specially-assigned person shall be arranged to check the stability of support, formwork, reinforcement and embedded parts etc, during casting. Any parts becoming loose,out of shape or shifting shall be fixed at once.(8) Construction record shall be made while casting concrete.6,Concrete Curing and Decoration(1) Concrete CuringA, As to concrete curing in site, the details of curing scheme shall be made and strictly adhere to according to construction works, environment, cement type, admixture and concrete performance.B, Concrete shall be covered and watered after contraction. Formwork shall keep wet during curing.C, the time of concrete curing and mixing is the same.D, concrete shall be cured 7days normally, and the period could prolong or shorten according to air humidity, temperature, cement types and admixture. Watering time shall be subject to the condition of keeping surface moist.E, Gunny bag covering and watering shall be applied to concrete curing.F, No pedestrian, transport machine and formwork shall be loaded before concrete strength reached to 2.5Mpa.(2)Concrete DecorationConcrete surface finish in different parts are dissimilar. The exposed surface without formwork shall be pressed polish and galled according to general specification if exposed surface without decoration. As to exposed surface with formwork shall install the same type formwork and apply the same release agent. Formwork shall be non-deforming, bright and clean without leakage. Any surface quality defect shall reported to relative department, and redecorating according to approval and indication.7, Access Road and Safety Insurance(1), In order to insure construction safety and against theft, 1.8-2.0m fence shall be set around construction site. Traffic sign, roadblock and speed bump shall be set at 10m and 50m of both ends of abutment. Access road shall be set on the right side and construction vehicles pass through the left side(facing Kakamega direction) ,which aimed to reduce traffic jam( see attached chart).(2), The construction team members shall be qualified and obey the construction rules. Mechanical equipment is forbidden to work with fault and overload operation. Sufficient lighting facility shall be equipment for night work.(3), For the electric equipment on the site and the power line shall be in charged by appointed electrician. The distributor shall be fixed with earth leakage protective device. And regular inspection shall be carried out.(4), Without the direction of appointed person, no vehicle shall be operated for construction.(5), Mixing plant shall be check to meet the requirement of specification before starting operation.(6), To prevent foundation pits collapse, all around pits shall be protected, and no heavy objects shall be stored around . Clear mark shall be set around pits in the night, such as colored lantern or lamp, to avoid accident happened.(7), Protecting net, safety belts, safety helmet,guard railing shall be equipment for Working high above the ground. Construction shall not carry out without protection measures.(8),The following vehicle anti-skidding measures shall be prepared during rain season: antiskid chain, paving aggregate or slag. Construction shall not carry out without protection measures.8, Quality Insurance(1) Construction action shall comply with the requirement of Kenya Road and Bridge Specification, the design drawing and bidding document.(2)To insure the quality of works,self-checking shall be made for each construction procedure. Each procedure shall be checked and examined by the Engineer.No following procedure shall be commenced without the approval of Engineer.(3) The surface of concrete structure shall smooth, vibrated to dense and without break crack leakage and honeycomb and scale.(4) No heavy materials shall be loaded on concrete or hit support during construction.(5) Embedded parts shall be stabilized. It is not allowed to hit embedded parts, other stabilized support or pole.9, Environment and Health Protection(1)Construction shall under the requirement of environment protection and pollution control law of Kenya. Measures shall be applied to prevent hazardous material of fuel,oil,sewage,scrap material and rubbish polluting rivers,pool,reservoir and farmland, air pollution from dust,petrol and noise pollution. Reducing construction influence to environment, air and resident to allowed limits. Production and living rubbish shall be stored in appointed location to avoid environment pollution.(2)Water system protection. No sand,mud is allowed to flow in river and pool. Drainage and rivers shall be dredged after construction complete.(3)The occupied rivers shall be cleaned to insure river water unblocked. Watering access road to reduce dust pollution.(4)Construction vehicles shall avoid passing through densely inhabited district. Operators shall control speed and strictly adhere to driving regulation to reduce dust pollution and avoid human injured if they have to.(5)Noisy construction shall under the regulated operation period in sensitive area.Km5+000-Mamboleo Bridge Substructure Construction ProgrammeThe bridge commences to construction on 1st Feb,2015 and substructure shall be completed on 8th April,2015,totally 66 work days. The detail arrangement as follows: 1, 1st February ,2015-28th February,205 Foundation construction, totally 28days2, 1st March,2015- 8th April,2015 substructure construction, totally 38days.。

桥梁常用单词一、结构物名称：（1）.结构物：Construction桥梁：Bridge跨线桥：Flyover铁路桥：R.O.B. (Railway over bridge)小桥：Minor bridge拱桥：Arched bridge地下通道：Underpass人行天桥：Foot bridge天桥：Overpass便桥:Auxiliary bridge；1.垫层Bedding/Cushion垫层砼：Bedding Concrete砂垫层：Sand bed/cushion2.基础：Foundation扩大/明挖基础：Open foundation桩：Pile桩基础：Pile foundation钢筋砼钻孔灌注桩：Reinforced concrete bored pile3.下部结构: Substructure桩帽：Pile cap钢筋砼桩基承台：Reinforced cement concrete pile cap 桩头：Pile-head桩式桥台：Pile abutment桥台:Abutment台帽：Abutment cap桥墩：Pier圆柱：Column墩帽：Pier cap侧墙(迂回墙)Return wall翼墙：Wing wall墙：Wall加筋挡土墙：Retaining wall加筋土挡墙：(Reinforced earth) wall 支座垫石：Pedestal支座：Bearing橡胶支座：elastomeric bearing背墙：Dirt wall (Back wall)4.上部结构：SuperstructureT梁：T-Girder(Beam)预制钢筋砼T梁：Precast RCC. T girder横隔板梁：Intermediate girder/Beam 边梁:End girder(Beam)中隔板:Intermediate Cross beam边隔板：End Cross beam桥面板：Deck slab现浇板：Cast in situ slab防撞护栏：Crash barrier (人行道)护栏：Railing;磨耗层：Wearing coat实心板Solid slab空心板：V oided slab预应力Pre-stressing Work；压浆Grouting；现浇预应力箱梁PSC Box Girder钢管栏杆：Pipe handrail桥头搭板：Approach slab泄水孔Drainage spouts收集井：collection pit（2）.涵洞：Culvert管涵：Pipe culvert板函：Slab culvert箱函：Box culvert倒虹吸：Inverted culvert集水井：Storm water manhole(Catchpit)检查井：Manhole端墙：Head wall底板：Bottom slab顶板：Top slab帽石：Cap裙墙：Apron底墙（坡脚墙）：Toe wall截水墙(幕墙)：Curtain wall铺砌：Pitching砌石护坡：Stone Pitching干砌石（乱石堆）Rip-rap石墙：Stone masonry wall护墙(矮墙)Parapet（3）．水系：（6）水沟：Drain边沟：Side Drain中央水沟：Median Drain开口沟，明沟：Open drain钢筋砼沟：RCC drain砌石沟：Masonry drain石笼：Gabion石笼铁丝网Gabion mesh河道防护：River training地下排水沟：Subsoil drain流水面高程(管道内底高程)Invertlevel二、工艺及其相关检查，视察：Check/Inspect测量：Survey检查申请：RFI. (Request forinspection)开挖：Excavate换填：Exchange（Replace）填石：Rock fill石屑chip；片石；chip stone料石：chipped stone钢筋：Steel bar/Reinforcement箍筋stirrup弯沟:hook下料;Cut弯曲：bend绑扎：bind绑丝：binding wire保护层：Cover /protectionlayer/protection coat净保护层：Clear cover保护层垫块：Cover block焊接：weld( jointing)焊缝:joint；焊剂welding flux焊条welding rod焊丝welding wire；钢筋下料表：BBS.(Bar bendingschedule)钢筋笼：Reinforcing cage钢筋网：Reinforcing mesh搭接：Lap钢筋搭接：Splicing of bars钢筋接头:Joint of reinforcement钢筋间距:spacing of bars钢板:steel plate骨架skeleton钢丝刷wire brush螺栓:bolt(钢结构)螺栓连接:bolted connection模板：Formwork/Shutter木模板：timber formwork钢模板：Steel Formwork脚手架：Scaffold/ False work/Staying 胶合板:plywood木楔:chock模板支设:Erection；模板加固：Fixed form模板拆除Removal of formwork 砼：Concrete钢筋砼：Reinforced concrete素砼：Plain concrete片石砼：Rubble concrete浇注砼：Cast concrete/Placing concrete砼泵：Concrete pump砼标号：Concrete grade(Class) 养护：Curing水下砼用导管：Tremie砼保护层：Concrete cover砼拌合站：Concrete mixingplant/Concrete batching plant振动器vibrator;附着式模板振动器：External pneumatic vibrator离析segregation or loss of its constituent materials；溜槽chute；蜂窝honeycomb spot裂缝crack/fissure；麻面pockmark；露筋reveal of reinforcement；干缩shrinkage干缩裂缝Contraction crack抗渗砼watertight concrete；坍落度slump；终凝时间final setting time；凝结时间setting time；；泵pump；振动台：Shake table/Vibratory table 振动器vibrator；胶囊：Balloon不均匀沉降non-uniform distribution 沉降缝settlement joint：伸缩缝(接头)Expansion joint(Gap)/伸缩缝：Contraction joint施工缝：Construction joint密封条形伸缩缝Strip Sealexpansion joint；水泥cement水泥砂浆cement mortar砂浆mortar石灰：lime；水准仪：Level machine全站仪：Total station全球定位系统：GPS. (Globalposition system)台背回填：Backfill施工荷载：Construction load施工图：Working drawing/Workingshop毫米：Millimeter厘米Centimeter米：Meter公里：Kilometer桩号：Chainage英寸：Inch英尺：Foot英里：Mile平方米：Square meter立方米：Cubic meter数量：Nos.吨：Tonne公斤：Kilogramme克：Gramme木钉peg；铁钉：nail沥青纸：Tar paper水泥罐bulk storage containers/silo锤子：Hammer钢卷尺steel tape铁锨shovel/spade三、工种：人工：manpower;工人：worker’s ；工头，领班：forman/ Worker ganger1.小工（体力劳动者）：Unskilledlabour壮工：labour2.技工：Skilled labour焊工weldor钢筋工：Fitter /Steel fixer木工：Carpenter砼工：Concrete gang / Concretor瓦工/砌石工：Stone mason电工：Electrician爆破工：Blaster管工：Rigger/Pipe layer警卫、门卫：Watchman打桩操作手：Piling rig operator小型设备操作手：Light plantoperator重型设备操作手：Heavy plantoperator下部结构 substructure桥墩 pier 墩身 pier body墩帽 pier cap, pier coping台帽 abutment cap, abutment coping盖梁 bent cap又称“帽梁”。

一、施工方案一）扩大基础施工：基础施工采用明挖基坑，并根据基础状况采取相应措施后，在其上安装模板，浇筑明挖扩大砼。

1、开挖基坑基坑开挖采用机械开挖，辅以人工找平。

基坑的开挖尺寸要求根据扩基的尺寸，支模及操作的要求，设置排水沟及集水坑的需要等因素确定。

基坑的开挖坡度以保证边坡稳定为原则，根据地质条件，开挖深度，现场的具体条件确定。

基坑顶面设置防止地面水流入基坑的措施，如设置截水沟等。

2、开挖基坑到设计标高时对其进行强度检验是否满足设计强度。

3、施工放样：模板安装前，应先测量放出基坑边的四个角，测量员按四个角放出基坑轮廓线，弹出墨线，放完后，监理进行检查，合格后安装模板。

4、模板安制：采用定型钢模板，扩大基础采用大面积模板。

扩基模板应按轮廓墨线安装，模板采用定型大模板，模板表面均需刷脱模剂。

模板安装不得与脚手架连接，以免引起模板变形。

模板的各种支撑，螺栓要紧固拧牢。

模板的各尺寸标高均因符合设计要求，按图纸和规范施工，纵横轴线要准确。

5、砼施工：浇筑砼前模板内的杂物清除干净，模板面洒水润湿，但模内不得有积水。

砼灌注从低处开始逐层扩展升高，并保持水平分层。

振捣时使用插入式振捣器，其分层厚度为30㎝。

振捣器插入的距离以直线行列插捣时，不得超过作用半径。

振动器应尽量避免与模板发生碰撞。

二）台身、台帽施工1、基础凿毛：当基础砼达到2.5MPa时，基础顶面和台身台帽相接处凿毛，凿毛后冲刷掉多余砼，并保温养生，直到台身砼浇筑开始。

2、施工放样：模板安装前应先测量放出台身台帽中轴线，技术员按轴线放出台身台帽轮廓线，弹出墨线，放完后监理进行检查，合格后安装模板。

3模板安制：采用定型钢模板，墩台墩帽采用大面积模板。

台身台帽应按轮廓墨线安装，模板采用定型大模板，模板表面均需刷脱模剂。

模板安装不得与脚手架连接，以免引起模板变形。

模板的各部支撑，螺栓要紧固拧牢，模板的各尺寸标高均应符合设计要求，按图纸和规范施工，纵横轴线应准确无误。