人教版八下期末检测卷B

人教版英语八年级下学期期末测试卷学校________ 班级________ 姓名________ 成绩________一、听力测试（一）录音中有五个句子，每个句子听两遍，然后从每小题A、B、C中选出能对每个句子做出适当反应的答语。

1. A. I’m sorry to hear that. B. That’s great. C. Yes, it is.2. A. Animal World. B. On the radio. C. Liu Qian.3. A. That’s all right. B. You’re welcome. C. Thank you.4. A. Maybe at 8:00. B. Sorry, I’m not sure. C. That’s true.5. A. Yes, he does. B. He is good at English. C. By listening to English programmes.（二）录音中有三个句子，每个句子对应一幅图片，每个句子听两遍，然后选择与句子内容相对应的图片。

A. B. C.6. ___________7. ___________8. ___________（三）录音中有五组对话，听对话两遍后，从每小题A、B、C中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。

9. What language does John speak?A. German.B. English.C. French.10. Who lives farthest from school?A. Bill.B. Mary.C. Tom.11. How will the man’s brother come from New York?A. By plane.B. By bus.C. By train.12. When did Jack finish his homework?A. Yesterday morning.B. Yesterday afternoon.C. Last night.13. Why does the woman want to read the newspaper?A. To read about the weather.B. To read about sports.C. To read about news.（四）录音中有一段长对话，听对话两遍后，从每小题A、B、C中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。

人教版部编版八年级下册数学期末试卷检测（提高，Word 版含解析） 一、选择题1．当x ＝0时，下列式子有意义的是（ ）A ．0xB ．xC ．x D ．1x -2．下列各组数中，能构成直角三角形的是（ ） A ．2，3，4B ．4，5，6C ．1，3，2D ．5，11，133．如图，在△ABC 中，D ，E 分别是AB ，BC 的中点，点F 在DE 延长线上，添加一个条件使四边形ADFC 为平行四边形，则这个条件是（ ）A ．∠B ＝∠FB ．∠B ＝∠BCFC ．AC ＝CFD ．AD ＝CF4．小明和小兵两人参加了5次体育项目训练，其中小明5次训练测试的成绩分别为11、13、11、12、13；小兵5次训练测试成绩的平均分为12，方差为7.6．关于小明和小兵5次训练测试的成绩，则下列说法不正确的是（ ） A ．两人测试成绩的平均分相等 B ．小兵测试成绩的方差大 C ．小兵测试的成绩更稳定些 D ．小明测试的成绩更稳定些 5．△ABC 中，AB=15，AC=13，高AD=12，则△ABC 的周长为（ ）A ．42B ．32C ．42或32D ．37或336．如图，菱形 ABCD 的顶点 C 在直线 MN 上，若∠1＝50°，∠2＝20°，则∠BDC 的度数为（）A ．20°B ．30°C ．35°D ．40°7．如图，数轴上A 点表示的数为2-，B 点表示的数是1．过点B 作BC AB ⊥，且2BC =，以点A 为圆心，AC 的长为半径作弧，弧与数轴的交点D 表示的数为（ ）A 13B 132C 132D 1338．如图，在平面直角坐标系中，四边形11112222333,,OA B C A A B C A A B C ，…都是菱形，点123,,A A A …都在x 轴上，点123,,C C C ，…都在直线3333y x =+上，且11212323160,1C OA C A A C A A OA ∠=∠=∠==︒=，则点n C 的横坐标是（ ）A ．2321n -⨯-B ．2321n -⨯+C ．1321n -⨯-D ．1321n -⨯+二、填空题9．若1x -在实数范围内有意义，则x 的取值范围是____________． 10．菱形的周长是20，一条对角线的长为6，则它的面积为_____． 11．如图，每个方格都是边长为1的小正方形，则AB ＋BC ＝_____．12．如图，点E 是矩形纸片ABCD 的边BC 上的一动点，沿直线AE 折叠纸片，点B 落在点B '位置，连接C B '．若AB ＝3，BC ＝6，则线段C B '长度的最小值为 ________________．13．定义：对于一次函数y kx b =+，我们把点(),b k 称为这个一次函数的伴随点.已知一次函数4y x m =+-的伴随点在它的图象上，则=m __________．14．如图，在正方形ABCD 中，点E 、F 分别在对角线BD 上，请你添加一个条件____________，使四边形AECF 是菱形．15．甲从A 地出发以某一速度向B 地走去，同时乙从B 地出发以另一速度向A 地而行，如图中的线段1y 、2y 分别表示甲、乙离B 地的距离（km ）与所用时间()h x 的关系．则A 、B两地之间的距离为______km，甲、乙两人相距4km时出发的时间为______h．16．如图，正方形ABCD的面积为144，点H是边DC上的一个动点，将正方形沿过点H的直线GH折叠（点G在边AB上），使顶点D的对应点E恰好落在BC边上的三等分点处，则线段DH的长是___．三、解答题17．计算：（1）23439 3415⨯（2）20511235--⨯18．位于沈阳周边的红河峡谷漂流项目深受欢迎，在景区游船放置区，工作人员把偏离的游船从点A拉回点B的位置（如图）．在离水面高度为8m的岸上点C，工作人员用绳子拉船移动，开始时绳子AC的长为17m，工作人员以0.7米/秒的速度拉绳子，经过10秒后游船移动到点D的位置，问此时游船移动的距离AD的长是多少？19．图①、图②均是44⨯的正方形网格，小正方形的边长为1，每个小正方形的顶点称为格点，点A、B均在格点上，只用无刻度的直尺，在给定的网格中按要求画图，所画图形的顶点均在格点上，所画图形不全等，不要求写画法．（1）在图①中以线段AB为边画一个正方形ABCD．（2）在图②中以线段AB为边画一个菱形ABEF．20．已知：如图，在ABC 中，AD 是BAC 的平分线，//,//DE AC DF AB ． 求证：四边形AEDF 是菱形．21．先观察下列等式，再回答问题： 2211+2+()1 =1+1=2；2212+2+()212=2 12；2213+2+()3=3+13=313；…（1）根据上面三个等式提供的信息，请猜想第四个等式；（2）请按照上面各等式规律，试写出用 n （n 为正整数）表示的等式，并用所学知识证明．22．在乡村道路建设过程中，甲、乙两村之间需要修建水泥路，甲、乙两村合作完成．已知甲村需要水泥70吨，乙村需要水泥110吨，A 厂可提供100吨水泥，B 厂可提供80吨水泥，两厂到两村的运费如表：目的地运费/（元/吨）甲村乙村 A 厂 240 180 B 厂250160x （吨）之间的函数关系式，并写出自变量x 的取值范围；（2）请你设计出运费最低的运送方案，并求出最低运费．23．将两张宽度相等的纸片叠放在一起，得到如图的四边形ABCD ．（1）求证：四边形ABCD 是菱形；（2）如图，联结AC ，过点A 、D 分别作BC 的垂线、DE ，垂足分别为点F 、E ． ①设M 为AC 中点，联结、，求证：；②如果，P 是线段AC 上一点（不与点A 、C 重合），当为等腰三角形时，求的值．24．如图，在平面直角坐标系中，直线1l ：1y kx b =+经过，两点，且a 、b满足，过点B 作轴，交直线2l ：于点P ，连接.（1）求直线AB 的函数表达式； （2）在直线2l 上是否存在一点Q ，使得？若存在，求出点Q 的坐标；若不存在，请说明理由. （3）点是x 轴上的一个动点，点D 是y 轴上的一个动点，过点C 作x 轴的垂线交直线1l 、2l 于点M 、N ，若是等腰直角三角形，请直接写出符合条件的的值.25．如图1，在OAB 中，OAB 90∠=，30AOB ∠=,8OB =，以OB 为边，在OAB Λ外作等边OBC Λ，D 是OB 的中点，连接AD 并延长交OC 于E ．（1）求证：四边形ABCE 是平行四边形；（2）连接AC ，BE 交于点P ，求AP 的长及AP 边上的高BH ；（3）在（2）的条件下，将四边形OABC 置于如图所示的平面直角坐标系中，以E 为坐标原点，其余条件不变，以AP 为边向右上方作正方形APMN ： ①M 点的坐标为 ．②直接写出正方形APMN 与四边形OABC 重叠部分的面积（图中阴影部分）．26．如图所示，四边形ABCD 是正方形， M 是AB 延长线上一点．直角三角尺的一条直角边经过点D ，且直角顶点E 在AB 边上滑动(点E 不与点AB 、重合)，另一直角边与CBM ∠的平分线BF 相交于点F ． (1)求证: ADE FEM ∠=∠;(2)如图(1)，当点E 在AB 边的中点位置时，猜想DE 与EF 的数量关系，并证明你的猜想; (3)如图(2)，当点E 在AB 边(除两端点)上的任意位置时，猜想此时DE 与EF 有怎样的数量关系，并证明你的猜想．【参考答案】一、选择题 1．C 解析：C 【分析】根据零指数幂、分式有意义，二次根式有意义的条件进行判断即可； 【详解】解：当x ＝0时，0x 0x 当x ＝0=0x x当x ＝0时，x-1=-11x - 故选：C【点睛】本题考查了零指数幂、分式有意义，二次根式有意义的条件，熟练掌握相关知识是解题的关键2．C解析：C 【分析】根据勾股定理的逆定理对四组数据进行逐一判断即可． 【详解】解：A 、∵22 +32 ≠4 2 ，∴不能构成直角三角形； B 、∵42 +52 ≠62 ，∴不能构成直角三角形；C 、∵22212+= ，∴能构成直角三角形；D 、∵5 2 +11 2 ≠13 2 ，∴不能构成直角三角形． 故选C ． 【点睛】本题考查了用勾股定理的逆定理判断三角形的形状，即只要三角形的三边满足a 2 +b 2 =c2，则此三角形是直角三角形．3．B解析：B 【解析】 【分析】根据已知条件可以得到//AC DE ，对选项判断即可求出解． 【详解】解：∵D ，E 分别是AB ，BC 的中点 ∴//AC DE ，12DE AC =A ：根据∠B ＝∠F 得不出四边形ADFC 为平行四边形，选项不符合题意； B ：∠B ＝∠BCF ，∴CF//AD ，∴四边形ADFC 为平行四边形，选项符合题意； C ：根据AC ＝CF 得不出四边形ADFC 为平行四边形，选项不符合题意； D ：根据AD ＝CF 得不出四边形ADFC 为平行四边形，选项不符合题意； 故答案为B ． 【点睛】此题考查了中位线的性质以及平行四边形的判定，熟练掌握有关性质即判定方法是解题的关键．4．C解析：C 【解析】 【分析】先计算出小明5次训练测试成绩的平均分和方差，再与小兵5次训练测试成绩的平均分和方差进行比较即可得出结论． 【详解】解：小明5次训练测试成绩的平均分为1(1113111213)125++++=（分）；小明5次训练测试成绩的方差为：2222221[(1112)(1312)(1112)(1212)(1312)]0.85S =-+-+-+-+-=(分2)∴22S S <小明小兵∴两人的平均成绩一样好，小兵的方差大， ∴小明测试的成绩更稳定些 故选：C ． 【点睛】本题考查了方差的意义．方差它反映了一组数据的波动大小，方差越大，波动性越大，反之也成立．5．C解析：C 【分析】存在2种情况，△ABC 是锐角三角形和钝角三角形时，高AD 分别在△ABC 的内部和外部 【详解】情况一：如下图，△ABC 是锐角三角形∵AD 是高，∴AD ⊥BC ∵AB=15，AD=12 ∴在Rt △ABD 中，BD=9 ∵AC=13，AD=12 ∴在Rt △ACD 中，DC=5∴△ABC 的周长为：15+12+9+5=42 情况二：如下图，△ABC 是钝角三角形在Rt △ADC 中，AD=12，AC=13，∴DC=5 在Rt △ABD 中，AD=12，AB=15，∴DB=9∴BC=4∴△ABC 的周长为：15+13+4=32 故选：C 【点睛】本题考查勾股定理，解题关键是多解，注意当几何题型题干未提供图形时，往往存在多解情况.6．C解析：C 【解析】 【分析】先求出BCD ∠，根据菱形性质得出BC CD =，即得到CBD CDB ∠=∠，可得BDC ∠的度数． 【详解】∵∠1＝50°，∠2＝20° ∴18012110BCD ︒︒∠=-∠-∠= ∵四边形ABCD 为菱形 ∴BC BD =∴1(180)352BDC BCD ︒︒∠=-∠=故选：C ． 【点睛】本题考查了菱形的性质求角度，熟知以上知识是解题的关键．7．C解析：C 【解析】 【分析】根据题意先求得AB 的长，根据勾股定理求得AC 的长，根据题意AC AD =，进而求得D 点表示的数． 【详解】依题意，数轴上A 点表示的数为2-，B 点表示的数是1，()123AB ∴=--=，BC AB ⊥，2BC =，AC ∴ AC AD =，AD ∴=数轴上A 点表示的数为2-，∴D 2．故选C ．【点睛】本题考查了实数与数轴，勾股定理，勾股定理求得AC 是解题的关键．8．A解析：A 【分析】分别过点123,,,...C C C 作x 轴的垂线，交于123,,,...D D D ，再连接112233,,,...C D C D C D ，利用勾股定理及根据菱形的边长求得1A 、2A 、3A ⋯的坐标然后分别表示出1C 、2C 、3C ⋯的坐标找出规律进而求得n C 的坐标．【详解】解：分别过点123,,,...C C C 作x 轴的垂线，交于123,,,...D D D ，再连接112233,,,...C D C D C D 如下图：11OA =，11OC ∴=，1121232360C OA C A A C A A ∴∠=∠=∠=⋯=︒，在11Rt OC D 中，111122OD OC ==根据勾股定理得：2221111OD OC C D =-，即222111()2OD =-，解得：13OD =1C ∴312，11(2C ∴3)，四边形111OA B C ，1222A A B C ，2333A A B C ，⋯都是菱形，122A C ∴=，234A C =，348A C =，⋯，2C ∴的纵坐标为：22122122413A C D D AC =--33y 2，23)C ∴，3C 的纵坐标为：33C D =y x =为5，3(5C ∴，，4(11C ∴，，5(23C ，，6(47C ∴，；，⋯，2(321n n C -⨯-，2n -则点n C 的横坐标是：2321n -⨯-，故选：A ．【点睛】本题是对点的坐标变化规律的考查，主要利用了菱形的性质，解直角三角形，根据已知点的变化规律求出菱形的边长，得出系列C 点的坐标，找出规律是解题的关键．二、填空题9．1≥x 且3x ≠【解析】【分析】根据分母不等于0，且被开方数是非负数列式求解即可．【详解】由题意得10x -≥且30x -≠解得1≥x 且3x ≠故答案为：1≥x 且3x ≠【点睛】本题考查了代数式有意义时字母的取值范围，代数式有意义时字母的取值范围一般从几个方面考虑：①当代数式是整式时，字母可取全体实数；②当代数式是分式时，考虑分式的分母不能为0；③当代数式是二次根式时，被开方数为非负数．10．D解析：【解析】【分析】先画出图形，根据菱形的性质可得5AD =，DO ＝3，根据勾股定理可求得AO 的长，从而得到AC 的长，再根据菱形的面积公式即可求得结果.【详解】由题意得2045AD =÷=，6BD =∵菱形ABCD∴3DO =，AC ⊥BD ∴4AO ==∴28AC AO == ∴1242S AC BD =⋅=考点：本题考查的是菱形的性质【点睛】解答本题的关键是熟练掌握菱形的对角线互相垂直且平分，菱形的四条边相等；同时熟记菱形的面积等于对角线乘积的一半.11．A解析：25【解析】【分析】根据勾股定理可以求出AB 和BC 的长，进而可求出AB+BC 的值．【详解】解：∵每个方格都是边长为1的小正方形，∴22125AB =+=，22125BC =+=∴AB ＋BC ＝5525+=．故答案为25．【点睛】本题考查了勾股定理．熟练掌握勾股定理是解题的关键．12．A解析：35﹣3【分析】连接AC ，当A 、B '、C 共线时，C B '的值最小，进而解答即可．【详解】解：如图，连接AC ．∵折叠，∴AB ＝A B '＝3，∵四边形ABCD 是矩形，∴∠B ＝90°，∴AC=∵C B '≥AC ﹣A B '，∴当A 、B '、C 共线时，C B '的值最小为：3，故答案为：3．【点睛】本题考查翻折变换、矩形的性质、勾股定理等知识，解题的关键是熟练掌握基本知识，作出正确的辅助线，属于中考常考题型．13．43【分析】先写出4y x m =+-的伴随点，再根据伴随点在它的图象上代入一次函数解析式，计算即可求得m ．【详解】解：4y x m =+-的伴随点为(),4m -，因为4y x m =+-伴随点在它的图象上，则有44m m -=+- 解得43m =． 故答案为:43． 【点睛】本题考查一次函数图象上点的坐标特征． 一次函数图象上任意一点的坐标都满足函数关系式y=kx+b ．14．B解析：BE=DF【分析】根据正方形的性质，可得正方形的四条边相等，对角线平分对角，根据 SAS ，可得△ABF 与△CBF 与△CDE 与△ADE 的关系，根据三角形全等，可得对应边相等，再根据四条边相等的四边形，可得证明结果．【详解】添加的条件为：BE=DF ，理由：正方形ABCD 中，对角线BD ，∴AB=BC=CD=DA ，∠ABE=∠CBE=∠CDF=∠ADF=45°．∵BE=DF ，∴△ABE ≌△CBE ≌△DCF ≌△DAF （SAS ）．∴AE=CE=CF=AF ，∴四边形AECF 是菱形；故答案为：BE=DF ．【点睛】本题考查了正方形的性质，菱形的判定，全等三角形的判定和性质，熟练掌握全等三角形的判定定理是解题的关键．15．2或3【分析】①利用路程的函数图象解得的解析式，再求的值；②根据题意列方程解答即可.【详解】解：①设＝kx ＋b ，∵经过点P （2.5，7.5），（4，0）．∴ ，解得 ，∴＝解析：2或3【分析】①利用路程1y 的函数图象解得1y 的解析式，再求的1y 值；②根据题意列方程解答即可.【详解】解：①设1y ＝kx ＋b ，∵1y 经过点P （2.5，7.5），（4，0）．∴ 2.57.540k b k b ⎧⎨⎩＋＝＋＝ ， 解得520k b -⎧⎨⎩＝＝ ， ∴1y ＝−5x ＋20，当x ＝0时，1y ＝20．答：AB 两地之间的距离为20km ．②根据题意得：53204x x +=-或53204x x +=+，解得：2x =或3x =.即出发2小时或3小时，甲、乙两人相距4km【点睛】此题主要考查了根据实际问题中的条件列方程组时，要注意抓住题目中的一些关键性词语，找出等量关系，列出方程组．熟练掌握相遇问题的解答也很关键．16．或【分析】由已知可知CE ＝4或CE ＝8，由折叠可知DH ＝EH ，则CH ＝12﹣DH ，分两种情况求，在Rt △ECH 中，利用勾股定理求解．【详解】解：∵正方形ABCD 的面积为144，∴正方形的边解析：263或203【分析】由已知可知CE＝4或CE＝8，由折叠可知DH＝EH，则CH＝12﹣DH，分两种情况求，在Rt△ECH中，利用勾股定理求解．【详解】解：∵正方形ABCD的面积为144，∴正方形的边长为12，∵E为BC的三等分点，∴BE＝4或BE＝8，由折叠可知DH＝EH，∴CH＝12﹣DH，当CE＝8时，在Rt△ECH中，EH2＝EC2+CH2，∴DH2＝64+(12﹣DH)2，∴DH＝263；当CE＝4时，在Rt△ECH中，EH2＝EC2+CH2，∴DH2＝16+(12﹣DH)2，∴DH＝203；综上所述：DH的长为263或203，故答案为263或203．【点睛】本题考查了正方形的性质，折叠的性质，勾股定理，以及分类讨论的数学思想，分类讨论是解答本题的关键．三、解答题17．（1）6；（2）-1【分析】（1）将二次根式的系数相乘，将二次根式相乘，再化简即可得到答案；（2）根据除法法则和乘法法则计算二次根式的乘除法，再将结果相加减即可．【详解】（1）（2）．解析：（1）6；（2）-1（1）将二次根式的系数相乘，将二次根式相乘，再化简即可得到答案；（2）根据除法法则和乘法法则计算二次根式的乘除法，再将结果相加减即可．【详解】（1263=⨯（22121=--=-． 【点睛】此题考查二次根式的计算，正确掌握二次根式的乘除法法则，二次根式混合运算法则，以及二次根式的性质化简二次根式是解题的关键．18．游船移动的距离AD 的长是9米【分析】根据条件先计算经过10秒拉回绳子的长，然后计算出绳子CD 的长，在中，在中，，即可求出最终结果．【详解】解：工作人员以0.7米/秒的速度拉绳子，经过10秒解析：游船移动的距离AD 的长是9米【分析】根据条件先计算经过10秒拉回绳子的长，然后计算出绳子CD 的长，在Rt BCD 中BD Rt ABC 中，AB =【详解】 解：工作人员以0.7米/秒的速度拉绳子，∴经过10秒拉回绳子100.7=7⨯米，开始时绳子AC 的长为17m ，∴拉了10秒后，绳子CD 的长为17-7=10米，∴在Rt BCD 中，6BD ===米，在Rt ABC 中，15AB =米，∴AD =15-6=9米，答：游船移动的距离AD 的长是9米．【点睛】本题主要考查勾股定理的运用，属于综合题，难度一般，熟练掌握勾股定理解三角形是解决本题的关键．19．（1）见解析；（2）见解析【分析】（1）根据正方形的判定进行画图即可；（2）根据菱形的判定进行画图即可．【详解】解：（1）如图所示：，，∴，∴∠ABC=90°，∴四边形AB解析：（1）见解析；（2）见解析【解析】【分析】（1）根据正方形的判定进行画图即可；（2）根据菱形的判定进行画图即可．【详解】解：（1）如图所示：22AC=+=，221310AB CD AD BC====+=，125∴222+=，AB BC AC∴∠ABC=90°，∴四边形ABCD是正方形；（2）如图所示22====+=，AB EF AF BE125∴四边形ABEF是菱形．【点睛】本题主要考查了菱形的判定，正方形的判定，勾股定理和勾股定理的逆定理，解题的关键在于能够熟练掌握相关知识进行求解．20．见解析．【分析】根据四边形是平行四边形，再证明有一组邻边相等即可．【详解】解：∵，∴四边形是平行四边形，∵平分，∴，∵，∴，∴，∴，∴平行四边形是菱形．【点睛】本题考查了解析：见解析．【分析】根据//,//DE AC DF AB 四边形AEDF 是平行四边形，再证明有一组邻边相等即可．【详解】解：∵//,//DE AC DF AB ，∴四边形AEDF 是平行四边形，∵AD 平分BAC ∠，∴12∠=∠，∵//DE AC ，∴23∠∠=，∴13∠=∠，∴AE DE =，∴平行四边形AEDF 是菱形．【点睛】本题考查了平行线的性质，菱形的判定，等腰三角形的判定，解题关键是熟练运用相关性质，准确进行推理证明．21．（1）；（2），证明见解析．【解析】【分析】（1）根据“第一个等式内数字为1，第二个等式内数字为2，第三个等式内数字为3”，即可猜想出第四个等式为44；（2）根据等式的变化，找出变化规律“n解析：（1144+=144；（2211n n n n ++=，证明见解析．【解析】【分析】（1）根据“第一个等式内数字为1，第二个等式内数字为2，第三个等式内数字为3”，即=414+=414；（2）根据等式的变化，找出变化规律=n 211n n n ++=”，再利用222112n n n n++=+（）（）开方即可证出结论成立． 【详解】（1）∵1+1=2；=212+=212；=313+=313；里面的数字分别为1、2、3，∴ 144+= 144．（21+1=2，212+=212313+=313=414+=414，…，∴= 211n n n n ++=．证明：等式左边==n 211n n n++==右边．=n 211n n n ++=成立． 【点睛】本题考查了二次根式的性质与化简以及规律型中数的变化类，解题的关键是：（1）猜测出第四个等式中变化的数字为4；（2）找出变化规律n 211n n n ++=”．解决该题型题目时，根据数值的变化找出变化规律是关键．22．（1）y ＝﹣30x+37100（0≤x≤70）；（2）最低运送方案为A 厂运往甲村水泥70吨，运往乙村水泥30吨：B 厂运往甲村水泥0吨，B 厂运往乙村水泥80吨，最低运费为35000元．【分析】（1解析：（1）y＝﹣30x+37100（0≤x≤70）；（2）最低运送方案为A厂运往甲村水泥70吨，运往乙村水泥30吨：B厂运往甲村水泥0吨，B厂运往乙村水泥80吨，最低运费为35000元．【分析】（1）由从A厂运往甲村水泥x吨，根据题意首先求得从A厂运往乙村水泥（100-x）吨，B 厂运往甲村水泥（70-x）吨，B厂运往乙村水泥吨，然后根据表格求得总运费y（元）关于x（吨）的函数关系式；（2）根据（1）中的一次函数解析式的增减性，即可知当x=70时，总运费y最省，然后代入求解即可求得最低运费．【详解】（1）设从A厂运往甲村水泥x吨，则A厂运往乙村水泥（100﹣x）吨，B厂运往甲村水泥（70﹣x）吨，B厂运往乙村水泥110﹣（100﹣x）＝（10+x）吨，∴y＝240x+180（100﹣x）+250（70﹣x）+160（10+x）＝﹣30x+37100，x的取值范围是0≤x≤70，∴y＝﹣30x+37100（0≤x≤70）；（2）∵y＝﹣30x+37100（0≤x≤70），﹣30＜0，∴y随x的增大而减小，∵0≤x≤70，∴当x＝70时，总费用最低，最低运费为：﹣30×70+37100＝35000 （元），∴最低运送方案为A厂运往甲村水泥70吨，运往乙村水泥30吨：B厂运往甲村水泥0吨，B厂运往乙村水泥80吨，最低运费为35000元．【点睛】本题主要考查了一次函数的实际应用问题，解决本题的关键是理解题意，读懂表格，求得一次函数解析式，然后根据一次函数的性质求解．23．（1）见解析；（2）①见解析；②或【分析】（1）首先可判断重叠部分为平行四边形，且两条纸条宽度相同；再由平行四边形的面积可得邻边相等，则重叠部分为菱形．（2）①过点作于，连接，由，可得，再证明解析：（1）见解析；（2）①见解析；②或【分析】（1）首先可判断重叠部分为平行四边形，且两条纸条宽度相同；再由平行四边形的面积可得邻边相等，则重叠部分为菱形．（2）①过点M作于G，连接BD，由，可得，再证明，利用三角形内角和定理即可得出答案；②设，则，设，则，根据勾股定理可得，即，从而得出，即可得到，根据P是线段AC上一点（不与点A、C重合），不存在，可得出当为等腰三角形时，仅有两种情形：或，分类讨论即可求得答案．【详解】解：（1）如图1，过点A作于E，于F，两条纸条宽度相同，．，//AD BC，∴四边形ABCD是平行四边形．．，∴四边形ABCD是菱形；（2）①如图2，过点M作于G，连接BD，则，四边形ABCD是菱形，∴与BD互相垂直平分，AC经过点M，，，，，，，∴，，在和中，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，；②，∴设，则，设，则，，，，，，，，，即，，，P是线段AC上一点（不与点A、C重合），不存在，∴当为等腰三角形时，仅有两种情形：或，Ⅰ．当时，则，如图3，，，，，，，∴；Ⅱ．当时，如图4，过点F作于点H，在中，，，，，∴；综上所述，当为等腰三角形时，的值为或．【点睛】本题是四边形综合题，考查了平行四边形的判定与性质，菱形的判定与性质，全等三角形判定和性质，三角形面积公式，菱形面积，等腰三角形性质，勾股定理等，运用分类讨论思想和方程思想思考解决问题是解题关键．24．（1）；（2）存在点，点的纵坐标为0或4；（3）4或或47或.【解析】【分析】(1)根据非负性求出a、b的值，然后运用待定系数法解答即可;(2)根据平行和坐标以及SΔBPQ=SΔBPA确定Q解析：（1）122y x =-+；（2）存在点Q ，Q 点的纵坐标为0或4；（3）4或45或或4-.【解析】 【分析】(1)根据非负性求出a 、b 的值，然后运用待定系数法解答即可; (2)根据平行和坐标以及确定Q 坐标即可;（3）连接DM 、DN ，由题意可得M 、N 的坐标分别为（n ，）,（n ，n ）,MN=|32n-2|，然后再分MN=DM,MN=DN,DM=DN 三种情况解答即可.【详解】 解：（1）∵∴∴()4,0A ()0,2B把()4,0A 、()0,2B 代入1y kx b =+中，得：解得：∴122y x =-+ （2）存在点Q ，使.∵()0,2B ∴∴∵∴Q 点的纵坐标为0或4∴(3) ①当DM=MN 或DM=DN 时，如图:过M 做DM ∥x 轴交y 轴于D 点，连接DN∵C点坐标为（n，n），∴M、N的坐标分别为（n，）,（n，n）,D（0,n） MN=|32n-2|，∴|32n-2|=|n|,解得：n=4或n=45②当DM=DN或DM=DN时，如图∵C点坐标为（n，n），∴M、N的坐标分别为（n，）,（n，n）,D（0,n） MN=|32n-2|，又∵是等腰直角三角形∴D在MN的垂直平分线上，DF=12MN ∴,D（0, +1）F(n，|)∴|n| =12|32n-2|，解得：或4-综上，n的取值为4或45或或4-时，是等腰直角三角形.【点睛】本题属于一次函数综合题，考查了一次函数图像上点的坐标特点、一次函数的解析式、一次函数的动点问题以及等腰三角形等知识，考查知识点较多难度较大，解答的关键在于对所学知识的灵活应用以及较强的计算能力.25．（1）见解析；（2），；（3）①；②【分析】（1）利用直角三角形斜边中线的性质可得DO=DA，推出∠AEO=60°，进一步得出BC∥AE，CO∥AB，可得结论；（2）先计算出OA=，推出PB=解析：（1）见解析；（2）27PA=4217BH3）①(423,23)M+；2635【分析】（1）利用直角三角形斜边中线的性质可得DO=DA，推出∠AEO=60°，进一步得出BC∥AE，CO∥AB，可得结论；（2）先计算出OA=43PB=23AP=27BH即可；（3）①求出直线PM的解析式为3，再利用两点间的距离公式计算即可；②易得直线BC的解析式为y=3，联立直线BC和直线PM的解析式成方程组，求得点G的坐标，再利用三角形面积公式计算．【详解】（1）证明：∵Rt△OAB中，D为OB的中点，∴AD=12OB，OD=BD=12OB，∴DO=DA，∴∠DAO=∠DOA=30°，∠EOA=90°，∴∠AEO=60°，又∵△OBC为等边三角形，∴∠BCO=∠AEO=60°，∴BC∥AE，∵∠BAO=∠COA=90°，∴CO ∥AB ，∴四边形ABCE 是平行四边形；（2）解：在Rt △AOB 中，∠AOB=30°，OB=8， ∴AB=4， ∴OA=∵四边形ABCE 是平行四边形， ∴PB=PE ，PC=PA ， ∴PB=∴PC PA == ∴1122ABC S AC BH AB BE ∆=⋅⋅=⋅⋅，即11422BH ⨯=⨯⨯ ∴BH （3）①∵C （0，4）， 设直线AC 的解析式为y=kx+4， ∵P （0），∴0=，解得，k=，∴y=， ∵∠APM=90°，∴直线PM 的解析式为， ∵P （0），∴， 解得，m=-3，∴直线PM 的解析式为，设M （x ）， ∵AP=∴（x-2+）2=（2，化简得，x 2，解得，x 1=4，x 2=4（不合题意舍去），当x=234+时，y=3×（234+）-3=23，∴M（234+，23），故答案为：（234+，23）；②∵(0,4),(43,0)C B∴直线BC的解析式为：34y x=-+，联立3334y xy x⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=-+⎪⎩，解得143565xy⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩，∴146(3,)55G，16126=23234 3.2525PBG PBAS S S∆∆∴+=⨯⨯+⨯⨯=阴【点睛】本题考查的是平行四边形的判定，等边三角形的性质，两点间的距离，正方形的性质，矩形的性质，一次函数的图象和性质，掌握相关的判定定理和性质定理是解题的关键．26．（1）详见解析；（2），理由详见解析；（3），理由详见解析【分析】（1）根据，等量代换即可证明；（2）DE=EF，连接NE，在DA边上截取DN=EB，证出△DNE≌△EBF即可得出答案；（3）在解析：（1）详见解析；（2）DE EF=，理由详见解析；（3）DE EF=，理由详见解析【分析】（1）根据90,90AED FEB ADE AED∠+∠=︒∠+∠=︒，等量代换即可证明；（2）DE=EF，连接NE，在DA边上截取DN=EB，证出△DNE≌△EBF即可得出答案；（3）在DA边上截取DN EB=，连接NE，证出()DNE EBF ASA≌即可得出答案．【详解】(1)证明:∵90DAB DEF∠=∠=︒，∴90,90AED FEB ADE AED∠+∠=︒∠+∠=︒，∴ADE FEM∠=∠;(2) ;DE EF=理由如下:如图，取AD的中点N，连接NE，∵四边形ABCD 为正方形， ∴AD AB = ，∵,N E 分别为,AD AB 中点 ∴11,22AN DN AD AE EB AB ====， ∴,DN BE AN AE == 又∵90A ∠=︒ ∴45ANE ∠=︒∴180135DNE ANE ∠=︒-∠=︒， 又∵90CBM ∠=︒，BF 平分CBM ∠ ∴45,135CBF EBF ∠=︒∠=︒． ∴DNE EBF ∠=∠ 在DNE △和EBF △中ADE FEB DN EBDNE EBF ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩()DNE EBF ASA ≌，∴DE EF =(3) DE EF =.理由如下:如图，在DA 边上截取DN EB =，连接NE ，∵四边形ABCD 是正方形， DN EB =， ∴AN AE =，∴AEN △为等腰直角三角形， ∵45ANE ∠=︒∴18045135DNE ∠=︒-︒=︒， ∵BF 平分CBM ∠， AN AE =， ∴9045135EBF ∠=︒+︒=︒， ∴DNE EBF ∠=∠， 在DNE △和EBF △中ADE FEB DN EBDNE EBF ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩ ∴()DNE EBF ASA ≌，∴DE EF．【点睛】此题主要考查了正方形的性质以及全等三角形的判定与性质等知识，解决本题的关键就是求证△DNE≌△EBF．。

期末检测卷B时间：120分钟满分：120分一、积累运用(30分)1．阅读下面文字，根据语境完成后面的题目。

(6分)古往今来有太多太多的文字，在描写着各种各样的遇见。

“______，白露为霜。

所谓伊人，______”，这是撩．动心弦．的遇见；“这位妹妹我曾经见过”，这是宝玉和黛玉之间，初见面时欢喜的遇见；“幸会，今晚你好吗？”这是《罗马假日》里，安妮公主胡里胡涂的遇见；“遇到你之前，我没有想过结婚，遇到你之后，我结婚没有想过和别的人”，这是钱锺书和杨绛之间决定一生的遇见。

世间一切，都是遇见，就像冷遇见暖，就有了雨；春遇到冬，有了岁月；天遇见地，有了永衡；人遇见了人，有了生命。

(1)为文中加点的字注音。

(2分)撩．动()心弦．()(2)文中有两个错别字，请改正。

(2分)______改____________改______(3)将文中的诗句补充完整。

(2分)__________，白露为霜。

所谓伊人，__________。

2．依次填入下列句子横线处的词语，最恰当的一项是()(2分)岭南艺术展开设了雕塑展览专场，展出的大量雕塑作品非常精美，尤其是木雕，以其________的雕刻技艺吸引了众多参观者。

这些作品有的简练粗放，有的________，其中最为突出的是“三英战吕布”组雕，人物________，令人惊叹。

A．巧夺天工具体而微引人入胜B．美不胜收精雕细刻引人入胜C．巧夺天工精雕细刻惟妙惟肖D．美不胜收具体而微惟妙惟肖3．下列句子中没有语病的一项是()(2分)A．学校对极少数不尊重教师、无理取闹的事件，及时进行了批评教育和严肃处理。

B．我们学校的课改成果昭然若揭，国内外同行大加赞赏，纷纷前来观摩学习。

C．传统文化如“四书五经”对初中生可能比较陌生，但对语文老师却是熟悉的。

D．经济是否迅速发展，关键在于能否加速培养出大量的高水平技术、管理人才。

4．把下列句子组合成语序合理、语意连贯的一段语，最恰当的一项是()(2分)①每个人都有自己控制意义的不同能力和不同程度②也表明每个人都拥有一个属于自己的世界③人类之所以有今天的成就，是因为人类创造了一个有意义的世界④这不仅构成了世界的多样性⑤实际上却是由古往今来的每个人分别构成的⑥而这个有意义的世界，表面上看是人类共有的A．①②③⑥④⑤B．①③⑥④⑤②C．③①④②⑤⑥D．③⑥⑤①④②5．下列文学常识对应错误的一项是()(2分)A．《社戏》——鲁迅——《呐喊》B．《桃花源记》——陶潜——东晋C．《关雎》——《诗经》——史家之绝唱，无韵之《离骚》D．《马说》——韩愈——“唐宋八大家”之首6．名著阅读。

人教版八年级英语下学期期末测试题I. 根据音标和句意选择正确的单词（）1. Unluckily, a /∫ɪp/ sank in the Yangtze River on June 1st.A. shipB. sheepC. popD. drop（）2. /'weðә/ you like Indian food or Western food, you’ll find it all in Singapo re.A. WeatherB. WheelC. WhetherD. Waste（）3. We should never give up trying to /ә'ʧi:v/ our dreams.A. ancientB. againstC. anywayD. achieve（）4. I’ve recently been to a very /ʌn'ju:ʒuәl/ museum in India.A. unusualB. underwearC. unfairD. unlucky（）5. A few weeks ago, I found the /mɑ:rks/of another man’s feet on the sand.A. makeB. marksC. marryD. matterII．单项选择（）6. She ______to an English program while her parents ______TV.A. was listening; is watchingB. listened; were watchingC. was listening; watchedD. was listening; were watching（）7. —The Great Wall is famous all over the world. How long is it?—__________.A. It’s 8,859 kilometers longB. It’s about 200 meters deepC. It’s 6 meters wideD. It’s 8 meters high（）8. I play basketball every day because I want to play as as Yao Ming.A. wellB. betterC. bestD. good（）9. Could you please the piano so loudly? Your brother is having a rest now.A. not to playB. not playC. don’t playD. to not play（）10. I think it would start a habit if you copy my homework.A. goodB. badC. wellD. wonderful（）11. —How long may I your dictionary?—For one week. But you mustn’t to others.A. keep; lendB. borrow; lendC. lend; be borrowedD. have; borrow （）12. —you the e-mail yet?—No, I haven’t. But I will do it later.A. Have; writtenB. Did; writeC. Will, writeD. Do; write（）13. To my , the square was so clean after the big meeting.A. surprise B surprised C. surprising D. surprises（）14. —I have too much housework to do at home!—ask your husband for help?A. You couldB. Why don’tC. Why notD. How about（）15. We shouldn’t our hopes. Everything will be better.A. put upB. cheer upC. fix upD. give up（）16. Nancy was angry and she sat there without saying a word.A. all the timeB. in silenceC. in dangerD. over and over（）17. The driver saw an old man on the side of the road .A lie B. lay C. lying D. to lie（）18. You may fail in the exam you study hard.A. UntilB. ifC. becauseD. unless（）19. —you please play tennis with me?—Sorry, I .A. Could; can’tB. Could; couldn’tC. Can; don’tD. Can; couldn’t（）20. The young man his money to buy new clothes for herself.A. ran out ofB. ran outC. ate upD. ran up（）21.We should never give up others. Sometimes helping others means helping ourselves.A. to helpB. helpC. helpingD. for helping（）22. — Helen, _______you used to Sichuan food?— Yes, I love hot food.A. doB. areC. willD. have（）23. —Would you mind here?—I'm sorry about that. I'll go somewhere else.A. no smokingB. not smoking C .no smoke D. not smoke（）24. It is unhealthy for you so late every night.A. sleepB. sleepingC. sleptD. to sleep（）25. —What do you think of the film you saw yesterday?—Oh! It’s one of movies I’ve ever seen.A. interestingB. more interestingC. most interestingD. the most interestingIII. 完形填空In China, very few children make pocket money. 26 , in western countries, most kids make pocket money by themselves. They make money in many different 27 .When kids are very young, their parents help them sell the fruits of their own trees to neighbors. Kids may also help 28 do housework to make money at home. When they 29 sixteen, they can make money by sending newspapers or by working in fast food restaurants, 30 during the summer holidays.There are many 31 of making pocket money by kids themselves. First of all, they learn the 32 of money by working hard so that they will not waste any. Secondly, they learn to 33 money to buy things they need or want, such as books, pencils, movies and even clothes they like. Thirdly, they learn to 34 the daily life problems by helping their parents or others. Making pocket money is 35 for children when they grow up. That is why parents encourage their kids to make pocket money.（）26. A. Also B. Anyway C. However D. Besides（）27. A. ways B. levels C. homes D. countries（）28. A. teachers B. friends C. parents D. neighbors（）29. A. get B. have C. catch D. reach（）30. A. really B. hardly C. properly D. especially（）31. A. choices B. advantages C. problems D. lessons（）32. A. fun B. value C. message D. purpose（）33. A. count B. waste C. manage D. change（）34. A. give up B. look up C. deal with D. meet with（）35. A. helpful B. careful C. beautiful D. successfulIV. 阅读理解AAn old man lived with his little grandson. Every day the old man got up early to read books.One day the grandson asked, “Grandpa, I want to read books as you do. But I always forget what I read. What are the advantages (优点) of reading?”The grandfather didn’t answer him, but said, “Take this little basket to the river and bring me back a basket of water.” The boy did as his grandpa said, but all the water leaked(漏) out before he got back home. The grandfatherlaughed and said, “You’ll have to walk faster next time.”The next ti me the boy ran faster, but the basket was still empty before he returned home. The boy said, “See, Grandpa, it’s no use!”“Is it no use?” the old man said. “Look at the basket.”The boy looked at the basket and found that the basket was different. It was cleaner, inside and out.“That’s what happens when you read books. You might not understand or remember everything, but when you read them, you will be changed, inside and out.”（）36. What did the old man do every day?A. He carried water.B. He read books.C. He wrote something.D. He did some chores.（）37. After the grandson read books, he _________.A. was too busy to do itB. got up lateC. always forgot what he readD. he slept late（）38. What did the grandson use to get some water?A. A basket.B. A bowl.C. A glass.D. A cup.（）39. How many times did the grandson go to the river to get some water?A. Once.B. Twice.C. Three times.D. Four times.（）40. According to the grandpa’s words, what happens when he reads books?A. We will never have any changes.B. We can understand everything.C. We will be changed, inside and out.D. We can never forget what we read.BMy name is Sam. I joined a club called “passing help” last month. Now let me tell you why I joined it.One evening this May, on my way home my old car broken down（出故障）. It was 25 miles from my home.I wanted to get a ride（搭便车）, but there was no car. It was also hard to take a taxi. I decided to take a bus home.I went to a bus stop nearby.After a while, a bus came, but it did not go to my town. The bus driver was a young woman. She was kind and she told me which bus I should take. I waited there for about thirty minutes, but no bus came. At last a car came to me and a woman came out of the car. She was just the bus driver.“When I reached the bus station, I got to know that the bus to your town couldn’t come, so I returned here. I just can’t leave you here,” she said, “Get in my car and I will take you back to your home.”“It is a long way.” I said.“Come on, sir,” she said, “Let’s go.”On the way she told me a story. A few days ago, there wasn’t gas（汽油）in her car. An old man drove her up to a gas station and then back to her car.When we got to my home, I wanted to give her some money to thank her, but she didn’t accept it. “I only want to help others and do something nice for somebody. Pass it along.” She said.（）41. What happened to Sam one evening this May?A. He lost his way.B. His car broken down.C. He was hurt in an accident.D. He couldn’t reach the gas station.（）42. Sam didn’t think of going home__________ that evening.A. by trainB. by busC. by carD. by taxi（）43. From the passage, we know that the young woman was _________.A. a club bossB. a taxi driverC. a bus driverD. a gas station worker（）44. The young woman wanted Sam to _________.A. give her some moneyB. get on her busC. take her to her houseD. help others just as she did（）45. The best title（题目）of the passage is ________ .A. A kind old manB. Getting a rideC. Passing helpD. A broken carCThat day I sat on a shelf in a toy shop and looked out of the window as usual. Little children were passing infront of the toy shop. Sometimes they stopped by the window and looked at the toys and choose one or two forbuying, but it didn’t make me happy because I knew that no one wished to buy me. I was a lonely poor teddy(泰迪熊) bear. They put me on a shelf in a corner of the toy shop and forgot about me. Then I becamedisappointed, sad, and alone because little children didn’t pay attention to me and pushed me away when theywere looking for beautiful toys.One day a girl and her father were by passing the shop. Suddenly, she stopped and looked at the toys. By her clothes, I could tell they were not rich. She was about eight years old, thin, and sweet. They entered the shop. She searched the shelves and suddenly her eyes stopped at me. She reached out to take me and looked atme carefully. She said “daddy, I found a beautiful cheap teddy”. So they paid half price and cleaned me up. Ihave never been happier because I have an angel (天使) to care for me.（ ）46. The teddy bear _____when the children was shopping or passing by the shop.A. was sitting on the groundB. was out of the windowsC. was looking out of the windowD. was very excited（ ）47. The teddy bear was not happy, because _________.A. he was very uglyB. children didn’t like himC. children didn’t notice himD. something is wrong with him（ ）48. The little girl __________.A. was very poorB. didn’t li ke teddy bear at allC. was short and heavyD. was a seller girl of the toy shop（ ）49. The underline word “search” may mean ‘_____’ in Chinese.A. 打扫B. 观察C. 摆放D. 搜寻（ ）50. At last, ____________.A. the girl put the teddy on the shelf againB. the girl got the teddy bearC. paid the full price for the teddy bear.D. the girl was too poor to buy the teddy bear.Ⅴ．补全对话。

2023年人教版八年级语文(下册期末)调研卷及答案满分：120分考试时间：120分钟一、语言的积累与运用。

（35分）1、选下列加点字注音有误的一项（）A．萌．发（méng）携．带（xié）追溯．(shuò) 褶．皱（zhě）B．豁．然（huò）狩．猎（shòu）龟．裂(jūn) 缄．默（jiān）C．沟壑．（hè）山麓．（lù）钟鼎．（dǐng）浑浊．（zhuó）D．楔．形（xiē）羹匙．（chí）瑕疵．（cī）香蒲．（pú）3、下列句子中加点成语使用不正确的是（）A．他们的演奏戛然而止．．．．，但我的耳中还回想着那美妙的乐声。

B．这幅苏绣作品真是巧夺天工，令人叹为观止．．．．。

C．上课铃声响了，同学们还在你一言我一语地讲话，可是当看到严厉的班主任时，都销声匿迹．．．．了。

D．历代的国画创作者更是不惜笔墨描绘花开的胜景，让人在艺术品中感受花香．．鸟语．．的氛围。

4、下列句子中没有语病的一项是（）A．骑在“女红军”塑像头上拍照，此类不文明的旅游现象屡婪不止，其原因是缺乏个人修养造成的。

B．一档名为《朗读者》的大型朗读类节目播出,加上已经成为热门话题的《见字如面》,给人一种久违的文化气息。

C．一年一度的两会，吸引着来自各行各业的目光,打动着亿万百姓的心弦。

D．读者深受喜爱的杨绛先生,不凡的一生中,留下了大量文风质朴、寓意深刻的作品。

5、下列语文知识判断有误的一项是( )A．“每一次风雨交加都是上天的考验，每一场电闪雷鸣都是与时间在赛跑”运用了排比的修辞手法。

B．“选贤与能”“矜寡孤独”“盗窃乱贼”都是并列短语。

C．“电光火石间，一根崭新的通讯电杆再次巍然屹立。

”句中“电光火石间”是状语。

D．“最近，蔡徐坤、朱正廷、范丞丞、丁泽仁等男明星参加青少年节目引发争议。

”句中标点使用正确。

6、请选出下列句子排序最恰当的一项。

人教版八年级英语下册期末综合检测卷(限时: 100分钟满分: 120分)一、单项选择(每小题1 分, 共10 分)1. Peter is ________ honest boy and ________ good friend of mine.A. a; theB. the; anC. a; anD. an; a2. —Did you hear any strange ________ when the earthquake happened?—No, I was in my garden with my flowers and enjoying the beautiful ________ of my birds at that time.A. voice; noiseB. sound; noiseC. whisper; noiseD. sound; voice3. We’ve got no coffee. Let’s have tea ________.A. eitherB. alreadyC. yetD. instead4. —China’s high-speed railway ________ is leading the world.—That’s right.A. technologyB. environmentC. populationD. agriculture5. The population of China ________ large. About four fifths of the population________ farmers.A. is; areB. are; isC. are; areD. is; be6. What a ________ boy! He worked out such a difficult math problem.A. strongB. kindC. lazyD. clever7. [2023 宿迁] —China won all the gold medals at the 2023 World Table TennisChampionships!—________ exciting news!A. What aB. How aC. HowD. What8. [2023 天津] Lisa is a popular monitor. She ________ her classmates and teachers.A. takes part inB. gets on well withC. gets into trouble withD. keeps clear of9. [2023 武汉武昌区期中] It’s everyone’s job to ________ a clean and comfortableenvironment in the classroom ________ students.A. provide; withB. offer; toC. provide; toD. offer; /10. Each of the students in my class ________ the museum at least twice.A. have gone toB. have been toC. has gone toD. has been to二、[原创题] 完形填空(每小题1 分, 共10 分)A merchant (商人) went to the market and there he saw a fine camel. After a long bargain(讨价还价) with the owner of the camel, he bought it for a good 11 .On reaching home, the merchant began to 12 the camel. Suddenly, he found a small cloth bag which was hidden under the saddle (鞍). When he opened it, he was 13 to find that it was filled with expensive diamonds and jewels (钻石和珠宝).“I have bought a camel, and I14 for the camel not for diamonds. I must return it immediately. ”Soon he hurriedly returned to the market to find the man from whom he bought that camel.Soon, the merchant found him and returned him the 15 .The man was delighted to see that bag and said, “Thank you so much for r eturning it. You can choose any one diamond from the bag as a reward. ”The merchant replied, “I don’t need any16 and reward for returning this. ”As much as the merchant was 17 , the man was still insisting (坚持)!At last the merchant smiled and s aid, “In fact, when I decided to bring back the bag, I had already kept the most 18 thing out of it!”After listening to this, the man became so angry that he emptied the bag to count his diamonds and jewels! But 19 was there.“There is not even one missing from the bag. 20 what was the most expensive thing you got from it?” asked the man in surprise.The merchant said, “Oh, it’s honesty. ”11. A. price B. day C. time D. place12. A. help B. sell C. climb D. feed13. A. afraid B. lucky C. excited D. surprised14. A. looked B. asked C. paid D. served15. A. bag B. animal C. money D. cloth16. A. promise B. thanks C. prize D. advice17. A. inviting B. introducing C. refusing D. explaining18. A. expensive B. useful C. beautiful D. popular19. A. nothing B. something C. everyone D. everything20. A. So B. While C. And D. Or三、阅读理解(每小题2 分, 共50 分)A21. What does Raven think of the amount of their homework?A. Unfair.B. Necessary.C. Terrible.D. Acceptable.22. How long does it take Robin to finish his homework every day?A. About 15 minutes.B. About 30 minutes.C. About 45 minutes.D. About an hour.23. How often do Polish students make a presentation in class?A. Always.B. Often.C. Sometimes.D. Never.24. For which subject does Nina get thought-provoking projects?A. Math.B. English.C. Chemistry.D. Physics.25. The passage mainly tells us ________.A. how teachers give lessons in other countriesB. what students’ homework is like in other countriesC. what subjects are offered to students in other countriesD. what after-school activities students have in other countriesBIt was Saturday again. Lily and Lucy disliked Saturdays. That was another thing the twins had in common. They shared the same clothes and tied their hair in the same manner. In fact, it was hard for their classmates and teachers to tell them apart sometimes.Unlike their classmates, they had to get up early at seven every Saturday to prepare for their lessons. Lily had to attend the art lesson and Lucy had to attend her ballet lesson. “How I wish I could do something different today, ” said the twins with one voice. All at once, an idea came to Lily and Lucy at the same time. “Do you have the same idea as mine?” they asked each other and laughed. It seemed like a wonderful plan to them. After giving each other a description of their own friends, Lily put on Lucy’s ballet dress while Lucy put Lily’s brushes and paints into her bag. Then they left for their classes.When the art lesson started, Lucy couldn’t understand the art teacher. Unlike Lily, Lucy was po or at drawing. When the art lesson finally ended, Lucy didn’t dare to hand in her work.Meanwhile, Lily was struggling in the ballet class as well. As she had no idea about the dance steps, she had to follow her classmates blindly. As a result, she kept knocking into them. Their ballet teacher became impatient with her, “Lucy, you should remember the basic steps. You can’t depend on copying what others are doing. ”When Lily and Lucy arrived home, they were tired out. They decided that they would never try to be someone else that they were not.26. What was the twins’ plan?A. To have a day off.B. To be each other for a day.C. To wear the same clothes.D. To have a normal day like their classmates.27. How did Lucy feel at the beginning of the art lesson?A. Lost.B. Excited.C. Mad.D. Sleepy.28. What does the underlined word “them” refer to?A. The teachers.B. The classmates.C. The dance steps.D. The ballet dresses.29. The ballet teacher became impatient because _______.A. she w asn’t herself that dayB. “Lucy” wasn’t patient that dayC. “Lucy” did very badly that dayD. she had discovered the twins’ plan30. What did the twins learn from the experience?A. Don’t try to run before you can walk.B. A good beginning makes a good ending.C. Saying is one thing and doing is another.D. The grass is not always greener on the other side.CThe Little Prince was written by a French pilot and writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. It is one of the most famous books around the world. It was published in 1943. _________ This story has been translated into 42 languages and was adapted into a movie.The little prince lives on a small planet alone. He leads a happy life. One day the winds bring him a seed. The seed then turns into the loveliest flower he has ever seen. He takes good care of the flower, but finally he decides to leave it and his planet to look for a secret —the most important thing in his life.During his journey in space, the little prince meets a king, a businessman, a lamplighter and a geographer. They all live alone on different planets. At last he finds out the secret from a fox of the Earth. Before he returns to his planet, he tells his secret to the writer of the book, whom he meets in the desert. The secret is: the power of love.When you read this touching and moving story of the little prince, you can’t help smiling and feeling the beauty of life and love in your heart.31. What does Antoine de Saint-Exupéry do?A. A prince.B. A writer and teacher.C. A pilot and writer.D. A bookseller.32. After reading the passage, we can’t know ________.A. who adapted the book into a movieB. when the book was publishedC. what the book is aboutD. who wrote the book33. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The little prince met the writer of the book in the desert.B. The flower asked the little prince to look for the most important thing in hislife.C. The writer of the book told the little prince the secret.D. The secret is the power of knowledge.34. The underlined word “touching” means “________” in Chinese.A. 无聊的B. 感人的C. 惊讶的D. 失望的35. How many people are mentioned (提及) in the story introduction?A. Only one.B. Five.C. Six.D. Eight.DMario was a famous and successful businessman. Once he joined an important meeting. The office woman asked for his e-mail address. To her surprise, he didn’t have an e-mail address. “You don’t have an e-mail address, but you have such a big company. What you could be if you had an e-mail address? ” He replied, “An office man!” He told her the following story when he looked at her amazing face.When he was a young man, he lost his job and looked for one. In a newspaper he found a job of an office man and asked for it. The manager interviewed him and gave him a test. At last the manager said, “You pass the interview. Now give me your e-mail address so that I can send you further information and the joining letter. ” Mario said he didn’t have any e-mail address.The manager said, “What? If you have no e-mail address, that means you can’t live and can’t get this job. ”Mario didn’t know what to do as he had only 200 cents left. He didn’t want to go home without a job. He decided to go to the supermarket and buy 10 kg of vegetablesand then w ent door to door to sell them. He couldn’t sell out them until evening, but he made money two times of the money.This made him realize that he could make money through this. He went to the supermarket to buy fresh vegetables early in the morning every day and then sold them the whole day. He worked very hard and 5 years later he became successful. Then he had his own company.He said, “If we look for something and don’t get it, we shouldn’t lose hope and we should keep trying.”36. What did the office w oman feel when she knew Mario didn’t have an e-mailaddress?A. She felt excited.B. She felt angry.C. She felt amazed.D. She felt funny.37. Where did Mario know the information about the new job?A. On the Internet.B. In a magazine.C. In a book.D. In a newspaper.38. What did the manager mean in the third paragraph?A. He couldn’t give the job to Mario.B. He thought Mario was cheating him.C. He would give Mario an e-mail address.D. He planned to help Mario make more money.39. How much money did Mario have on the first selling evening?A. 200 cents.B. 300 cents.C. 400 cents.D. 600 cents.40. What’s the best title for the passage?A. We need to have our own ideaB. We should never lose our hopeC. We must learn to find a jobD. We can try many different jobsE [2023 珠海文园中学期中]Bamboo is one of nature’s most surprising plants. It is a kind of grass, thoughmany people call it a tree.Like other kinds of grass, although you cut it very low to the ground, it will grow back very quickly. A Japanese scientist recorded one bamboo plant that grew nearly 1.5 meters in 24 hours. Bamboo grows almost everywhere in the world except Europe. There are over 1,000 kinds of bamboo and they grow around the world on both mountains and plains (平原).Not all bamboo looks the same. Some bamboo plants are thick. They may grow to more than 30 centimeters across while others may only grow to be a few centimeters wide. They may also have different colors, like yellow, black and green.Bamboo is a kind of utility plant. Many Asian countries use it to make many things such as hats and kitchen tools. And it is used to build buildings or support new buildings and bridges. In fact, the cables that hold up the hanging bridge across the Min River in Sichuan are made of bamboo.In Africa, engineers are teaching poor farmers how to find water using bamboo. These farmers need cheap ways to water the fields because they have no money. Bamboo pipes (管子) can help them bring water to their thirsty fields without much money.41. How is bamboo like grass according to the passage?A. It is thin and easy to cut.B. It grows everywhere.C. It is short and green.D. It grows quickly after it’s cut short.42. We can infer (推断) from Paragraph 2 that _________.A. a bamboo plant may grow 4.5 meters in three daysB. the Japanese scientist is good at growing bamboo plantsC. bamboo is able to grow well in any part of the worldD. mountains are the best places for the bamboo to grow43. The underlined word “utility” in Paragraph 4 probably means _________.A. differentB. importantC. usefulD. colorful44. Why do the engineers teach the poor farmers in Africa to use bamboo?A. Because it is used by Asians.B. Because it is cheap.C. Because it is strong.D. Because it grows fast.45. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. There are many different kinds of bamboo in different colors.B. Some bamboo plants are thick, but others are thin.C. Bamboo can be used for buildings, bridges and watering.D. Engineers in Africa don’t want to spend money.四、词汇运用(每小题2 分, 共10 分)从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空。

2023年人教版八年级下册语文期末考试题及参考答案满分：120分考试时间：120分钟一、语言的积累与运用。

（35分）1、下列加点字注音有误的一项是( )A．俨．然(yǎn) 箬．篷(ruò) 魅．力(mèi) 器皿．(mǐn)B．窈．窕(yòu) 垂髫．(tiáo) 造诣．(zhí) 蒹葭．(jiā)C．好逑．(qiú) 溯洄．(huí) 悄怆．(chuàng) 雎．鸠(jū)D．豁．然(huò) 怡．然(yí) 篆．文(zhuàn) 荇．菜(xìnɡ)3、下列加点的成语使用有误的一项是（）A．老一辈科学家苦心孤诣获得的科研成果，足以作为我们的前车之鉴．．．．。

B．读屏和读书两种阅读方式并存，相得益彰．．．．，共同构成了多元化的阅读时代。

C．智力雾霾没有捷径可走，没有特效药，不可能一招制敌，一蹴而就．．．．。

D．“一带一路”把40多亿人联结成休戚．．与共的利益共同体和命运共同体。

4、下面句子中没有语病的一项是（）A．这种网络社交工具的广泛使用，加快了信息流通的速度和质量。

B．电视节目《爸爸去哪儿》火了，孩子们的表现给观众留下了美好而深刻的印象。

C．身在边缘之人往往能欣赏到一些不为人知的独一无二的独特景观。

D．通过他一辈子的奋斗，使他的生活状况大为改观。

5、下列语文知识判断有误的一项是( )A．“大数据改变了贵州，其实，贵州不是也改变着大数据吗？”这句话运用了反问的修辞手法。

B．“拒绝毒品”“品行端正”“交通安全意识”依次是动宾短语、主谓短语、偏正短语。

C．“在贵州，‘绿水青山就是金山银山’的理念已深入人心。

”句中“在贵州”是定语。

D．“苗绣；蜡染；银饰等民族艺术品展现了多彩的贵州文化。

”句中的分号应该改为顿号。

6、下列句子排序正确的一项是（）黑云压城。

乌云是凶悍的是可怕的。

_________________雨后的天空，再也看不见乌云。

2023年人教版八年级下册语文期末考试卷（加答案）满分：120分考试时间：120分钟一、语言的积累与运用。

（35分）1、下列加点字读音完全正确的一项是（）A．镌．刻（juàn）遗嘱．（zhǔ）咆哮．（xiào）水皆缥．碧（piǎo）B．桅．杆（wéi）翘首（qiáo）刹．那（chà）凛冽．（liè）C．要塞．（sè）悄．然（qiǎo）溃．退（kuì）殚．精竭虑（dān）D．承载．（zǎi）娴．熟（xián）澎湃．（pài）屏．息敛声（bǐng）3、下列句子中加点成语使用错误的一项是（）A．看过这场惊心动魄．．．．的电影，同学们都懂得了生命的可贵。

B．这些年，毒大米等食品不安全事件层出不穷，蔓延之势锐不可当．．．．，严重威胁人民群众的生命安全。

C．在戈壁滩上，我们修建了第一批厂房，这真是白手起家．．．．，平地楼台。

D．第十三车队工作一丝不苟．．．．，车辆的每一个小毛病，随时发现，随时修理。

4、下列句子中没有语病的一项是（）A．为了避免交通道路不拥挤，各地纷纷出台交通管理新措施。

B．这次比赛的获胜，将决定我们队能否进入决赛阶段。

C．阅读美文不仅可以陶冶个人情操，而且能够提高写作水平。

D．通过这次主题班会课，让我懂得了为什么要节约用水用电。

5、下列对各句使用的修辞手法判断有误的一项（）A．那火花最初绽开像蒜瓣，在极短的时间里便膨胀成一头大蒜那么大。

（比喻）B．俏也不争春，只把春来报。

（拟人）C．飞溅的水花是你露出的雪白的牙齿。

（夸张）D．暴风雨！暴风雨就要来啦！（反复）6、选出下列句子排序最恰当的一项（）①前后《赤壁赋》很好地解决这对矛盾。

②“熟”与“俗”是书法艺术里的一对矛盾。

③只有多看多写，胸有成竹，下笔时才能挥运自如。

③但是，正因为熟练了，容易顺着套路、惯性书写，作品就显得俗气。

A．②③④① B．②③①④ C．③④②① D．④②③①7、古诗文默写。

部编人教版八年级下册语文期末试卷（加答案）满分：120分考试时间：120分钟一、语言的积累与运用。

（35分）1、下列词语中加点的字每组读音都相同的一项是（）A．溃．退/馈．赠镌．刻/隽．永翘．楚/翘．首而望颁．发/颔．首低眉B．佃．农/河畔．解剖．/陪．伴悄．悄/悄．无声息荆．棘/筋．疲力尽C．缰．绳/僵．硬畸．形/崎．岖屏．风/屏．息敛声拖沓．/杳．无消息D．逊．色/殉．职娴．熟/弦．乐周济．/同舟共济．嘹．亮/眼花缭．乱3、下列句子中加点成语使用不当的一项是（）A．中国白手起家．．．．，一切从零开始，终于圆了航母舰载机着舰这一强军梦。

B．航母舰载战斗机着舰的一幕真是惊心动魄．．．．。

C．科研人员殚精竭虑．．．．，使我国的无人战机在当代天空叱咤风云。

D．中国军人展示出震耳欲聋．．．．、蓬勃向上的“中国力量”。

4、下列句子没有语病的一项是（）A．教育行政部门提出，要制定进城务工人员随迁子女义务教育后在当地参加升学考试的措施。

B．我们只要相信自己的能力，才能在各种考验面前充满信心。

C．在观众一阵又一阵的喝彩声中，给运动员增添了无穷的力量。

D．各级人民政府采取有效措施，关系到未成年人保护工作能否顺利开展。

5、对下列句子的修辞手法判断有误的一项是（）A．水皆缥碧，千丈见底。

游鱼细石，直视无碍。

（夸张）B．急湍甚箭，猛浪若奔。

（比喻，对偶）C．负势竞上，互相轩邈，争高直指，千百成峰。

（拟人）D．夹岸高山，皆生寒树。

（对偶）6、给下列句子排序，最恰当的一项是( )幸福的尺寸本是无所谓大，也无所谓小的。

______，______，______，________！这样，我们才能把握住属于自己的每一寸幸福。

①在此之后，你的脚丫已经不再长大，你的鞋子尺码已经固定②所以，请学会丈量幸福，拥有一颗充满爱、充满自由、充满创造的心吧③这正像脚上的鞋，穿着合适也就可以了④童年的尺寸是一颗糖果的甜蜜，少年的尺寸是一次收获的快乐，青年的尺寸是一份创造的惊喜A．③①④② B．④③②① C．③④①② D．②①④③7、古诗文默写:(1)东皋薄暮望，_________________。

人教统编版八年级语文下学期期末检测题及答案一、积累与运用（26分，1-7題各3分，第8題5分）1．选出下列各项中加点字拼音全部正确的一项（）（3分）A．婆娑．（suō）钦．佩（qīng）颖．慧（yǐn）可望不可即．（jí）B．蕴．含（yùn）阐．述（chǎn）分泌．（bì）不折不挠．（ráo）C．伫．立（chù）深邃．（suì）啁啾．（qiū）虚与委蛇．（yí）D．酒酿．（niàng）并蒂．（dì）俯瞰．（kàn）强聒．．不舍（qiǎng guō）2．选出下列词语书写正确的一项（）（3分）A．锤炼亵渎发奋忘食功于心计B．凝望嗣后迥然不同独占鳌头C．遭际灼伤纵横绝荡不屑置辨D．热忱信服卷帙浩烦无懈可击3．下面语段空格处依次填入的词语最恰当的一项是（）（3分）对联是文学殿堂里的一枝奇葩，它发自千人之心，出自万人之手，人们各展其才，各显千秋：_________，若大江东去；_________，如小桥流水；_________，如旭日喷薄；_________，似风拂杨柳。

A．豪放婉约粗犷细腻B．粗犷婉约豪放细腻C．豪放细腻粗犷婉约D．细腻粗犷婉约豪放4．下列句子中，加点成语使用不正确的一项是（）（3分）A．国产大飞机C919的设计别具匠心．．．．，用高效空气过滤系统为乘客提供高品质空气。

B．随着“十堰市全民阅读”活动的深入开展，“师生共读”和“亲子阅读”在全市蔚然成风．．．．。

C．纪昀是清代赫赫有名．．．．的学者、文学家，曾任《四库全书》总纂官，著有文言短篇小说集《阅微草堂笔记》。

D．家风是一种软约束，通过潜滋暗长．．．．的影响，有效约束家庭成员的行为、作风和操守。

5．下面句子没有语病的一项是（）（3分）A．创建全国文明城市能提升十堰市民的精神生活品味，并完善城市基础设施。

B．傍晚时分，记得天边满是彩霞，我从桥上骑车而过，凉风习习，扑面而来。