CDM 方法学全集
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清洁发展机制国际规则和方法学段茂盛清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院2009年7月香港内容提要Content1.《京都议定书》和三种灵活机制Kyoto Protocol and the three “flexible”mechanisms2.CDM的基本概念Basic concept of CDM3.CDM国际规则的进展International rules for CDM4.CDM项目的基准线和额外性Baseline and additionality of CDM5.CDM方法学CDM methodologies6.CDM项目周期CDM Project Cycle7.CDM市场的发展Market development of CDM8.CDM项目开发的成本和风险Cost and risk of developing CDM2发达国家在议定书下的减排义务Reduction Obligations 缔约方量化的限制或减少排放承诺(基准年百分比) 澳大利亚108立陶宛*92 奥地利92卢森堡92 比利时92摩纳哥92 保加利亚*92荷兰92 加拿大94新西兰100 克罗地亚*95挪威101 捷克共和国*92波兰*94 丹麦92葡萄牙92 爱沙尼亚*92罗马尼亚*92 欧洲共同体92俄罗斯联邦*100 芬兰92斯洛伐克*92 法国92斯洛文尼亚*92 德国92西班牙92 希腊92瑞典92 匈牙利*94瑞士92 冰岛110乌克兰*100 爱尔兰92大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国92 意大利92美利坚合众国93 日本94拉脱维亚*923 列支敦士登92议定书下的三种灵活机制Mechanisms Under the Protocol 温室气体排放影响的全球性The impact of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide不同国家的减排潜力和成本不同Different reduction potentials and costs among countries全球合作与减排的经济成本Global cooperation and the costs of emission reduction三种灵活机制:联合履行(JI, Joint Implementation)、清洁发展机制(CDM, Clean Development Mechanism)和排放贸易(ET, Emissions Trading)发达国家之间的合作(Between developed countries):JI和ET发达国家和发展中国家之间的合作(Between developed and developing countries):CDM基于项目的合作(Project-based):JI和CDM纯粹的排放权交易(Emission trading):ET4CDM的基本概念Basic ConceptCDM是《京都议定书》规定的,发达国家和发展中国家之间合作进行温室气体减排的基于项目的机制;CDM is a project-based mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol which involves cooperationbetween developed and developing countries to reduce GHG emission双重目的:(Dual purposes )•帮助发展中国家实现可持续发展,并对实现《公约》的最终目标作出贡献;To help developing countries to achieve sustainable development and contribute to theultimate goal of "the Convention"•帮助发达国家实现其部分的温室气体减排和限排义务。
CDM基础知识汇总 (2)1、CDM(清洁发展机制C LEAN D EVELOPMENT M ECHANISM) (2)2、EMC(节能服务公司)EPC(合同能源管理机制) (7)3、CER(CDM机制下法律层面上的碳排放单位,虚拟) (10)4、VER(VOLUNTARY EMISSION REDUCTION,自发公益减排量) (11)5、碳排放量(实际的碳排放数量) (12)6、碳足迹 (13)7、碳捕捉碳储存(CCS) (15)8、碳汇林、森林碳汇 (18)9、碳中和 (19)10、碳补偿市场 (20)11、碳交易 (21)12、碳交易机制 (24)13、碳信用(就是法律层面的碳排放权) (25)14、碳注册 (25)15、碳资产(主要是指无形的,类似于股票) (26)16、碳金融 (27)17、低碳产业 (30)18、低碳经济 (31)19、零碳企业 (31)CDM基础知识汇总1、CDM(清洁发展机制Clean Development Mechanism)1、释义及背景:(CDM是什么)释义:最通俗的解释就是:别人掏钱,你来减排。
系京都议定书第12条硭立的机制, 核心内涵是:发达国家通过提供资金和技术的方式,与发展中国家合作,在发展中国家实施具有温室气体减排效果的项目,项目所产生的温室气体减排量作为发达国家履行京都议定书所规定的一部分义务。
背景:清洁发展机制(CDM,Clean Development Mechanism),是《京都议定书》中引入的三个灱活履约机制之一。
根据“共同但有区别的责仸”原则,已完成工业革命的发达国家应对全球变暖承担更多的历史责仸,因此,《京都议定书》只给工业化国家制定了减排仸务,但没有对发展中国家作这个要求。
2005年2月16日,《京都议定书》生效。
按其规定,发达国家缔约方为实现温室气体减排义务,仍2005年开始至2012年间必须将温室气体排放水平在1990年的基础上平均减少5.2%,由于发达国家减排温室气体的成本是发展中国家的几倍甚至几十倍。
经批准的基准和监测方法学AM0036在热力设备中进行生物质废弃物替代石化燃料一、来源和适用性来源这种基准线和监测方法基于以下提议的新方法学:本基准线与监测方法学是依据Mondi Business Paper、Richards Bay与SouthSouthNorth提议之新方法学NM0140-修订版:“以生质废弃物产热的方法学”,其基准线与监测方法学是由哥伦比亚Andean Center for Environmental Economics (CAEMA)所提议之新方法学NM0134-修订版:“以生质废弃物替换化石燃料以产生蒸汽”。
更多关于此方法学与执行理事会对其考量事项等信息,可參考UNFCCC网站。
这种方法学参考了已被认可工具的最新版本:外加性证明和评估的工具;确定甲烷避免从废物处置固体废物处置场所排放的工具;计算电力系统排放因子的工具计算项目或从化石燃料燃烧中排放泄漏的CO 2的工具;确定热或电的发生系统的基线效率的工具;确定设备的剩余寿命的工具;关于拟议的新方法和工具,以及由执行局审议的更多信息,请参阅<http://cdm.unfccc.int/goto/MPappmeth>。
从清洁发展机制模式和程序第48段选择方法定义下面的定义应用于该方法学生物质指非化石和生物降解的有机物质来自植物,动物和微生物。
这也应包括产品,副产品,从农业,林业和相关行业的残余物和废弃物以及工业和市政废弃物的非化石和可生物降解的有机组分。
生物质还包括从非化石和可生物降解的有机物质的分解气体和液体。
生物质残留物被定义为是生物质指一个从农业,林业及相关产业的副产品,残留物或废弃物。
不包括都市废弃物或其它含有石化或非生物可分解材料的物质(小部份的无生命无机材料,如沙石与土壤可纳入)。
注意,在固体生物质残留的情况下,关于这种方法中的所有计算,生物质残留量是指生物质残留物的干重。
热定义为有用的热能,产生于热力设备,并转移到热载体(如热液体,热气体,蒸汽等),供热设备和工艺利用。
Meth Number Full View and HistoryRemarkAM0001Decomposition of fluoroform (HFC-23) waste streams --- Version 6.0.0large scale methodologies AM0007Analysis of the least-cost fuel option for seasonally-operating biomass cogeneration plants --- Version 1.0large scale methodologies AM0009Recovery and utilization of gas from oil fields that would otherwise be flared or vented --- Version 7.0large scale methodologies AM0014Fossil fuel based cogeneration for identified recipient facility(ies) --- Version 5.0large scale methodologies AM0017Steam system efficiency improvements by replacing steam traps and returning condensate --- Version 2.0large scale methodologies AM0018Baseline methodology for steam optimization systems --- Version 3.0.0large scale methodologies AM0019Renewable energy projects replacing part of the electricity production of one single fossil fuel fired power plant that stands alone or supplies to a grid, excluding biomass projects --- Version 2.0large scale methodologies AM0020Baseline methodology for water pumping efficiency improvements --- Version 2.0large scale methodologies AM0021Baseline Methodology for decomposition of N2O from existing adipic acid production plants --- Version 3.0large scale methodologies AM0023Leak detection and repair in gas production, processing, transmission, storage and distribution systems and in refinery facilities ---Version 400large scale methodologies AM0026Methodology for zero-emissions grid-connected electricity generation from renewable sources in Chile or in countries with merit order based dispatch grid --- Version 3.0large scale methodologies AM0027Substitution of CO2 from fossil or mineral origin by CO2 from renewable sources in the production of inorganic compounds ---Version 21large scale methodologies AM0028N2O destruction in the tail gas of Caprolactam production plants --- Version 6.0large scale methodologies AM0029Baseline Methodology for Grid Connected Electricity Generation Plants using Natural Gas --- Version 3.0large scale methodologies AM0030PFC emission reductions from anode effect mitigation at primary aluminium smelting facilities --- Version 4.0.0large scale methodologies AM0031Bus rapid transit projects --- Version 5.0.0large scale methodologies AM0035SF6 emission reductions in electrical grids --- Version 2.0.0large scale methodologies AM0036Fuel switch from fossil fuels to biomass residues in heat generation equipment --- Version 4.0.0large scale methodologies AM0037Flare (or vent) reduction and utilization of gas from oil wells as a feedstock --- Version 2.1large scale methodologies AM0038Methodology for improved electrical energy efficiency of an existing submerged electric arc furnace used for the production of silicon and ferro alloys --- Version 3.0.0large scale methodologies AM0042Grid-connected electricity generation using biomass from newly developed dedicated plantations --- Version 2.1large scale methodologies AM0043Leak reduction from a natural gas distribution grid by replacing old cast iron pipes or steel pipes without cathodic protection with polyethylene pipes --- Version 2.0large scale methodologies AM0044Energy efficiency improvement projects - boiler rehabilitation or replacement in industrial and district heating sectors --- Version 200large scale methodologies AM0045Grid connection of isolated electricity systems --- Version 2.0large scale methodologies AM0046Distribution of efficient light bulbs to households --- Version 2.0large scale methodologies AM0048New cogeneration project activities supplying electricity and heat to multiple customers --- Version 4.0large scale methodologiesAM0049Methodology for gas based energy generation in an industrial facility --- Version 3.0large scale methodologies AM0050Feed switch in integrated Ammonia-urea manufacturing industry --- Version 3.0.0large scale methodologies AM0052Increased electricity generation from existing hydropower stations through Decision Support System optimization --- Version 2.0large scale methodologies AM0053Biogenic methane injection to a natural gas distribution grid --- Version 4.0.0large scale methodologies AM0055Recovery and utilization of waste gas in refinery or gas plant --- Version 2.1.0large scale methodologies AM0056Efficiency improvement by boiler replacement or rehabilitation and optional fuel switch in fossil fuel-fired steam boiler systems ---Version 10large scale methodologies AM0057Avoided emissions from biomass wastes through use as feed stock in pulp and paper, cardboard, fibreboard or bio-oil production ---Version 301large scale methodologies AM0058Introduction of a new primary district heating system --- Version 3.1large scale methodologies AM0059Reduction in GHGs emission from primary aluminium smelters --- Version 1.1large scale methodologies AM0060Power saving through replacement by energy efficient chillers --- Version 1.1large scale methodologies AM0061Methodology for rehabilitation and/or energy efficiency improvement in existing power plants --- Version 2.1large scale methodologies AM0062Energy efficiency improvements of a power plant through retrofitting turbines --- Version 2.0large scale methodologies AM0063Recovery of CO2 from tail gas in industrial facilities to substitute the use of fossil fuels for production of CO2 --- Version 1.2.0large scale methodologies AM0064Capture and utilisation or destruction of mine methane (excluding coal mines) or non mine methane --- Version 3.0.0large scale methodologies AM0065Replacement of SF6 with alternate cover gas in the magnesium industry --- Version 2.1large scale methodologies AM0066GHG emission reductions through waste heat utilisation for pre-heating of raw materials in sponge iron manufacturing process ---Version 20large scale methodologies AM0067Methodology for installation of energy efficient transformers in a power distribution grid --- Version 2.0large scale methodologies AM0068Methodology for improved energy efficiency by modifying ferroalloy production facility --- Version 1.0large scale methodologies AM0069Biogenic methane use as feedstock and fuel for town gas production --- Version 2.0large scale methodologies AM0070Manufacturing of energy efficient domestic refrigerators --- Version 3.1.0large scale methodologies AM0071Manufacturing and servicing of domestic refrigeration appliances using a low GWP refrigerant --- Version 2.0large scale methodologies AM0072Fossil Fuel Displacement by Geothermal Resources for Space Heating --- Version 3.0large scale methodologies AM0073GHG emission reductions through multi-site manure collection and treatment in a central plant --- Version 1.0large scale methodologies AM0074Methodology for new grid connected power plants using permeate gas previously flared and/or vented --- Version 3.0.0large scale methodologies AM0075Methodology for collection, processing and supply of biogas to end-users for production of heat --- Version 1.0large scale methodologies AM0076Methodology for implementation of fossil fuel trigeneration systems in existing industrial facilities --- Version 1.0large scale methodologies AM0077Recovery of gas from oil wells that would otherwise be vented or flared and its delivery to specific end-users --- Version 1.0large scale methodologies AM0078Point of Use Abatement Device to Reduce SF6 emissions in LCD Manufacturing Operations --- Version 2.0.0large scale methodologies AM0079Recovery of SF6 from Gas insulated electrical equipment in testing facilities --- Version 2.0large scale methodologies AM0080Mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions with treatment of wastewater in aerobic wastewater treatment plants --- Version 1.0large scale methodologies AM0081Flare or vent reduction at coke plants through the conversion of their waste gas into dimethyl ether for use as a fuel --- Version 1.0large scale methodologiesAM0082Use of charcoal from planted renewable biomass in the iron ore reduction process through the establishment of a new iron orereduction system --- Version 1.0large scale methodologiesAM0083Avoidance of landfill gas emissions by in-situ aeration of landfills --- Version 1.0.1large scale methodologies AM0084Installation of cogeneration system supplying electricity and chilled water to new and existing consumers --- Version 2.0.0large scale methodologies AM0086Distribution of zero energy water purification systems for safe drinking water --- Version 3.0large scale methodologies AM0087Construction of a new natural gas power plant supplying electricity to the grid or a single consumer --- Version 2.0large scale methodologies AM0088Air separation using cryogenic energy recovered from the vaporization of LNG --- Version 1.0large scale methodologies AM0089Production of diesel using a mixed feedstock of gasoil and vegetable oil --- Version 1.1.0large scale methodologies AM0090Modal shift in transportation of cargo from road transportation to water or rail transportation --- Version 1.1.0large scale methodologies AM0091Energy efficiency technologies and fuel switching in new and existing buildings --- Version 2.0large scale methodologies AM0092Substitution of PFC gases for cleaning Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) reactors in the semiconductor industry --- Version 2.0.0large scale methodologies AM0093Avoidance of landfill gas emissions by passive aeration of landfills --- Version 1.0.1large scale methodologies AM0094Distribution of biomass based stove and/or heater for household or institutional use --- Version 2.0.0large scale methodologies AM0095Waste gas based combined cycle power plant in a Greenfield iron and steel plant --- Version 1.0.0large scale methodologies AM0096CF4 emission reduction from installation of an abatement system in a semiconductor manufacturing facility --- Version 1.0.0large scale methodologies AM0097Installation of high voltage direct current power transmission line --- Version 1.0.0large scale methodologies AM0098Utilization of ammonia-plant off gas for steam generation --- Version 1.0.0large scale methodologies AM0099Installation of a new natural gas fired gas turbine to an existing CHP plant --- Version 1.0.0large scale methodologies AM0100Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) projects --- Version 1.0.0large scale methodologies AM0101High speed passenger rail systems --- Version 1.0.0large scale methodologiesAM0102Greenfield cogeneration facility supplying electricity and steam to a Greenfield Industrial Consumer and exporting excesselectricity to a grid and/or project customer(s) --- Version 1.0.0large scale methodologiesAM0103Renewable energy power generation in isolated grids --- Version 2.0.0large scale methodologies AM0104Interconnection of electricity grids in countries with economic merit order dispatch --- Version 2.0.0large scale methodologies AM0105Energy efficiency in data centres through dynamic power management --- Version 1.0.0large scale methodologies AM0106Energy efficiency improvements of a lime production facility through installation of new kilns --- Version 2.0.0large scale methodologies AM0107New natural gas based cogeneration plant --- Version 2.0.0large scale methodologies AM0108Interconnection between electricity systems for energy exchange --- Version 1.0.0large scale methodologies AM0109Introduction of hot supply of Direct Reduced Iron in Electric Arc Furnaces --- Version 1.0.0large scale methodologies AM0110Modal shift in transportation of liquid fuels --- Version 1.0.0large scale methodologies AM0111Abatement of fluorinated greenhouse gases in semiconductor manufacturing --- Version 1.0.0large scale methodologies AM0112Less carbon intensive power generation through continuous reductive distillation of waste --- Version 1.0large scale methodologiesAM0113Distribution of compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps to households --- Version 1.0large scale methodologies AM0114Shift from electrolytic to catalytic process for recycling of chlorine from hydrogen chloride gas in isocyanate plants --- Version 1.0large scale methodologies AM0115Recovery and utilization of coke oven gas from coke plants for LNG production --- Version 1.0large scale methodologiesACM0001Flaring or use of landfill gas --- Version 15.0consolidated methodologies ACM0002Grid-connected electricity generation from renewable sources --- Version 16.0consolidated methodologies ACM0003Partial substitution of fossil fuels in cement or quicklime manufacture --- Version 8.0consolidated methodologies ACM0005Increasing the blend in cement production --- Version 7.1.0consolidated methodologies ACM0006Consolidated methodology for electricity and heat generation from biomass --- Version 12.1.0consolidated methodologies ACM0007Conversion from single cycle to combined cycle power generation --- Version 6.1.0consolidated methodologies ACM0008Abatement of methane from coal mines --- Version 8.0consolidated methodologies ACM0009Fuel switching from coal or petroleum fuel to natural gas --- Version 5.0consolidated methodologies ACM0010GHG emission reductions from manure management systems --- Version 8.0consolidated methodologies ACM0011Fuel switching from coal and/or petroleum fuels to natural gas in existing power plants for electricity generation --- Version 3.0consolidated methodologies ACM0012Consolidated baseline methodology for GHG emission reductions from waste energy recovery projects --- Version 4.0.0consolidated methodologies ACM0013Construction and operation of new grid connected fossil fuel fired power plants using a less GHG intensive technology --- Version 500consolidated methodologies ACM0014Treatment of wastewater --- Version 6.0consolidated methodologies ACM0015Emission reductions from raw material switch in clinker production --- Version 4.0consolidated methodologies ACM0016Mass Rapid Transit Projects --- Version 3.0.0consolidated methodologies ACM0017Production of biodiesel for use as fuel --- Version 2.1.0consolidated methodologies ACM0018Electricity generation from biomass residues in power-only plants --- Version 3.0consolidated methodologies ACM0019N2O abatement from nitric acid production --- Version 2.0consolidated methodologies ACM0020Co-firing of biomass residues for heat generation and/or electricity generation in grid connected power plants --- Version 1.0.0consolidated methodologies ACM0021Reduction of emissions from charcoal production by improved kiln design and/or abatement of methane --- Version 1.0.0consolidated methodologies ACM0022Alternative waste treatment processes --- Version 2.0consolidated methodologies ACM0023Introduction of an efficiency improvement technology in a boiler --- Version 1.0consolidated methodologies ACM0024Natural gas substitution by biogenic methane produced from the anaerobic digestion of organic waste --- Version 1.0consolidated methodologiesAMS-I.A.Electricity generation by the user --- Version 16.0small scale methodologies AMS-I.B.Mechanical energy for the user with or without electrical energy --- Version 12.0small scale methodologies AMS-I.C.Thermal energy production with or without electricity --- Version 20.0small scale methodologies AMS-I.D.Grid connected renewable electricity generation --- Version 18.0small scale methodologies AMS-I.E.Switch from non-renewable biomass for thermal applications by the user --- Version 6.0small scale methodologies AMS-I.F.Renewable electricity generation for captive use and mini-grid --- Version 3.0small scale methodologiesAMS-I.G.Plant oil production and use for energy generation in stationary applications --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-I.H.Biodiesel production and use for energy generation in stationary applications --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-I.I.Biogas/biomass thermal applications for households/small users --- Version 4.0small scale methodologies AMS-I.J.Solar water heating systems (SWH) --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-I.K.Solar cookers for households --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-I.L.Electrification of rural communities using renewable energy --- Version 3.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.A.Supply side energy efficiency improvements – transmission and distribution --- Version 10.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.B.Supply side energy efficiency improvements – generation --- Version 9.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.C.Demand-side energy efficiency activities for specific technologies --- Version 14.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.D.Energy efficiency and fuel switching measures for industrial facilities --- Version 13.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.E.Energy efficiency and fuel switching measures for buildings --- Version 10.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.F.Energy efficiency and fuel switching measures for agricultural facilities and activities --- Version 10.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.G.Energy efficiency measures in thermal applications of non-renewable biomass --- Version 6.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.H.Energy efficiency measures through centralization of utility provisions of an industrial facility --- Version 3.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.I.Efficient utilization of waste energy in industrial facilities --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.J.Demand-side activities for efficient lighting technologies --- Version 6.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.K.Installation of co-generation or tri-generation systems supplying energy to commercial building --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.L.Demand-side activities for efficient outdoor and street lighting technologies --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.M.Demand-side energy efficiency activities for installation of low-flow hot water savings devices --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.N.Demand-side energy efficiency activities for installation of energy efficient lighting and/or controls in buildings --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.O.Dissemination of energy efficient household appliances --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.P.Energy efficient pump-set for agriculture use --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.Q.Energy efficiency and/or energy supply projects in commercial buildings --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.R Energy efficiency space heating measures for residential buildings --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-II.S.Energy efficiency in motor systems --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.A.Offsetting of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers by inoculant application in legumes-grass rotations on acidic soils on existing cropland ---Version 30small scale methodologies AMS-III.B.Switching fossil fuels --- Version 17.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.C.Emission reductions by electric and hybrid vehicles --- Version 14.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.D.Methane recovery in animal manure management systems --- Version 19.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.E.Avoidance of methane production from decay of biomass through controlled combustion, gasification or mechanical/thermal treatment --- Version 17.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.F.Avoidance of methane emissions through composting --- Version 11.0small scale methodologiesndfill methane recovery --- Version 9.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.H.Methane recovery in wastewater treatment --- Version 17.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.I.Avoidance of methane production in wastewater treatment through replacement of anaerobic systems by aerobic systems --- Version 80small scale methodologies AMS-III.J.Avoidance of fossil fuel combustion for carbon dioxide production to be used as raw material for industrial processes --- Version 30small scale methodologies AMS-III.K.Avoidance of methane release from charcoal production --- Version 5.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.L.Avoidance of methane production from biomass decay through controlled pyrolysis --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.M.Reduction in consumption of electricity by recovering soda from paper manufacturing process --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.N.Avoidance of HFC emissions in rigid Poly Urethane Foam (PUF) manufacturing --- Version 3.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.O.Hydrogen production using methane extracted from biogas --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.P.Recovery and utilization of waste gas in refinery facilities --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.Q.Waste energy recovery (gas/heat/pressure) projects --- Version 5.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.R.Methane recovery in agricultural activities at household/small farm level --- Version 3.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.S.Introduction of low-emission vehicles/technologies to commercial vehicle fleets --- Version 4.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.T.Plant oil production and use for transport applications --- Version 3.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.U.Cable Cars for Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.V.Decrease of coke consumption in blast furnace by installing dust/sludge recycling system in steel works --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.W.Methane capture and destruction in non-hydrocarbon mining activities --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.X.Energy Efficiency and HFC-134a Recovery in Residential Refrigerators --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.Y.Methane avoidance through separation of solids from wastewater or manure treatment systems --- Version 3.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.Z.Fuel Switch, process improvement and energy efficiency in brick manufacture --- Version 5.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AA.Transportation Energy Efficiency Activities using Retrofit Technologies --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AB.Avoidance of HFC emissions in Standalone Commercial Refrigeration Cabinets --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AC.Electricity and/or heat generation using fuel cell --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AD.Emission reductions in hydraulic lime production --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AE.Energy efficiency and renewable energy measures in new residential buildings --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AF.Avoidance of methane emissions through excavating and composting of partially decayed municipal solid waste (MSW) --- Version 10small scale methodologies AMS-III.AG.Switching from high carbon intensive grid electricity to low carbon intensive fossil fuel --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AH.Shift from high carbon intensive fuel mix ratio to low carbon intensive fuel mix ratio --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AI.Emission reductions through recovery of spent sulphuric acid --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AJ.Recovery and recycling of materials from solid wastes --- Version 4.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AK.Biodiesel production and use for transport applications --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AL.Conversion from single cycle to combined cycle power generation --- Version 1.0small scale methodologiesAMS-III.AM.Fossil fuel switch in a cogeneration/trigeneration system --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AN.Fossil fuel switch in existing manufacturing industries --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AO.Methane recovery through controlled anaerobic digestion --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AP.Transport energy efficiency activities using post - fit Idling Stop device --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AQ.Introduction of Bio-CNG in transportation applications --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AR.Substituting fossil fuel based lighting with LED/CFL lighting systems --- Version 5.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AS.Switch from fossil fuel to biomass in existing manufacturing facilities for non-energy applications --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AT.Transportation energy efficiency activities installing digital tachograph systems to commercial freight transport fleets --- Version 20small scale methodologies AMS-III.AU.Methane emission reduction by adjusted water management practice in rice cultivation --- Version 4.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AV.Low greenhouse gas emitting safe drinking water production systems --- Version 4.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AW.Electrification of rural communities by grid extension --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AX.Methane oxidation layer (MOL) for solid waste disposal sites --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.AY.Introduction of LNG buses to existing and new bus routes --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.BA.Recovery and recycling of materials from E-waste --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.BB.Electrification of communities through grid extension or construction of new mini-grids --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.BC.Emission reductions through improved efficiency of vehicle fleets --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.BD.GHG emission reduction due to supply of molten metal instead of ingots for aluminium castings --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.BE.Avoidance of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from sugarcane pre-harvest open burning through mulching --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.BF.Reduction of N2O emissions from use of Nitrogen Use Efficient (NUE) seeds that require less fertilizer application --- Version 2.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.BG.Emission reduction through sustainable charcoal production and consumption --- Version 3.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.BH.Displacement of production of brick and cement by manufacture and installation of gypsum concrete wall panels --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.BI.Flare gas recovery in gas treating facilities --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.BJ.Destruction of hazardous waste using plasma technology including energy recovery --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AMS-III.BK Strategic feed supplementation in smallholder dairy sector to increase productivity --- Version 1.0small scale methodologies AR-AM0014Afforestation and reforestation of degraded mangrove habitats --- Version 3.0Large scale afforestationand reforestation methodologies AR-ACM0003Afforestation and reforestation of lands except wetlands --- Version 2.0consolidated methodologies AR-AMS0003Afforestation and reforestation project activities implemented on wetlands --- Version 3.0Small scale afforestation and reforestation methodologies AR-AMS0007Afforestation and reforestation project activities implemented on lands other than wetlands --- Version 3.0Small scale afforestation and reforestation methodologies。