28限时阅读训练(28)

高一英语阅读理解强化训练Day 28Passage 1For some people, higher education is not just a goal in life, but also an expectation. In the United States, if your parents attended a college or university, there is a good chance that you will, too. Even if your parents did not go to college, you still have a good chance of completing higher education if your family is wealthy.But your chances are reduced if you come from a needy family, a community with limited educational resources or you simply have no one to follow as an example.Helping those in need is one of the main ideas behind a strategy of behavioral science called nudge theory or nudging. Nudging is a way of changing people's behavior through indirect suggestion and by supporting positive actions.A growing number of U. S. colleges and universities look to nudging as a way to support poor, minority and first--generation students. They also are using it to increase overall graduation rates. Two common forms of nudging are emails to students and text messages to their mobile phones. Schools and other educational organizations keep in contact with students this way, offering advice and help when needed.However, Alejandra Acosta--a higher education policy expert at New America--notes that there are several qualities a nudge campaign must possess in order to be successful.Acosta says messages must be timely, meaning they reach college students well before the date by which a student is required to take action. Additionally nudges should be written clearly and provide as much information as possible. If students start tostruggle in class, school officials should not just message them, saying they should seek academic support. The message should give information about what kinds of support the college or university offers and exactly how the student can make use of them. That is why nudges should possess interactive qualities, Acosta says. For example, students should be able to ask questions of school officials or be directed to a website for more information. In addition, colleges and universities must ensure their support services are in place and working as best they can.When nudges work, they can do a lot of good. In 2018, a nonprofit group launched a nudging campaign at four U. S. community colleges. They worked with nearly 10. 000 first--year students at three such colleges in Ohio and one in Virginia. A recent study found that older and minority students who agreed to receive these nudges were 16 to 20 percent more likely to continue into their second year than those who did not.1. Who is most likely to receive and complete higher education according to the passage?A. Tony, whose father is the only bread--winner in the family.B. Jimmy, whose mother is a worker in a small factory.C. Betty, whose grandmother is a housemaid of a famous university professor.D. Cathy, whose parents failed to attend college but succeeded in starting a big company.2. What can we know about nudging?A. It is rooted in psychological science.B. It is a way to improve people’s mind.C. It offers concrete and direct advice.D. It helps students via emails and text messages.3. What is the passage mainly talking about?A. The problem with higher education.B. A way for colleges to support students.C. The popularity of nudging campaign.D. A national campaign dealing with poverty.Passage 2Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they sound efficient and cost-saving, a recent study reports that they're not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive (认知的) behavioral therapy (CBT) and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor.Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy for depression, helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low--cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized (随机的) control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from aphysician while the other two groups received usual care from a physician plus one of two computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background, severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药).After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors."It's an important, warning note that we shouldn't get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists, " says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. "We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed. ""Being depressed can mean feeling lost in your own small, negative, dark world, " Dowrick says. Having a person, instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly important in fighting that sense of isolation. "When you're emotionally fragile, you're even more in need of a caring human being, " he says.1. What does the recent study say about online CBT programs?A. Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure.B. Patients cannot engage with them without the use of a computer.C. They can save patients trouble visiting physicians.D. They have been well received by a lot of patients'2. What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular?A. Their effectiveness in combating depressionB. The low efficiency of traditional talk therapy.C. Their easy and inexpensive access by patients.D. The recommendation by primary care doctors.3. What is Professor Dowrick's advice concerning online CBT programs?A. They should not be neglected in primary care.B. Their effectiveness should not be overestimated.C. They should be used by strictly following instructions.D. Their use should be encouraged by doctors and therapists.4. Which is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?A. A positive state of mind.B. Appropriate medication.C. Timely encouragement.D. Human interaction.Passage 3Philip, I want to tell you a story. And Like all good stories, it starts like this.Once upon a time there was a father and in case you can't figure that out, that's me. This father had a wonderful little boy. He was very happy. Then one day, he found out his wife was going to have another baby. So I prayed, "Lord, if it's your will, please make her a little girl. "And He did. I was the first person to hold her in my arms. I looked at her and said, "Lord, make her like her mother. "And He did. She was loving and giving, and so good and so kind. But then I realized I was getting left out. So I said, "Lord, make her like me. "And He did. She could drive a truck and a tractor. She could load hay and chew tobacco(咀嚼烟草). Do you realize what you are getting?But at the same time, she was opinionated(有主见的), emotional and determined. So I said, "Lord, that's enough of that! Make her like YOU!" And He did. He gave her the desire to serve people. She loves people. She gave her life to being a nurse, she's brought people back from the dead. And she hold the hand of people who have breathed their last breath. But still something was missing. So I said to Lord, "make her happy. "And she met you. You see that look on her face? I never saw that until she met you. And I'm thankful for that. Today I'm giving you the best thing I have to give. And I just want you to know before I do that. . How hard me and God has worked to get her ready. So Philip, as I give her to you. I don't think you'll mind if I give you one more word of advice. "Me and God have worked hard. Don't screw it up.1. It is most likely that the speech was given________ .A. on a birthday partyB. at a weddingC. at a graduation ceremonyD. in a school2. Who is Philip? ________A. the sonB. the son-in-lawC. the fatherD. the little boy3. What kind of attitude can we feel from the speech? ________A. sadB. regretfulC. angryD. thankful4. Which one may be the best title? ________A. The story of my daughterB. My experience of raising my daughterC. A gift from God and a fatherD. Be kind to my daughterPassage 4Birthdays are especially important to the very young and the very old. On their birthdays, people receive birthday cards and birthday presents from their family and friends. Children's cards often have a large number on them showing how old they are. Cards for adults have pictures of flowers or scenery, or cartoons. Inside there is usually a simple greeting, such as "Happy Birthday" or "Many Happy Returns Of The Day".In the US children who have their birthdays during the school year take a cake to school and have a small party with their class. In Britain children sometimes get bumped(lifted off the ground horizontally and put down again sharply) by their friends, the same number of times as their age.In the US, the 16th birthday is called sweet sixteen. It is the age at which a person can get a US driver's license, and some wealthier parents give their children a car as a present. At 18, in Britain and in the US, young people become adults and many have a big party. In most parts of the US, 21is the age at which people can drink alcohol legally.In Britain, people celebrate 21st birthdays less.Many adults dislike getting older and many tell a lie about their age. But in general older people are now much more willing to tell others their age. You may see a sign by the side of the a road saying:"Dave Ellis 40today!", put there by Dave's friends. At about 65, people retire, and those who have reached this age are called" senior citizens". Few people live to be 100, so a 100th birthday is very special. In Britain people reaching this age may receive cards containing a printed message from the queen.1. In Britain, how many times may a 9-year-old boy get bumped on his birthday? ________A. EightB. NineC. TenD. Eleven2. In the US, a 16-year-old boy________ .A. must be given a carB. can get a driver's licenseC. can drink alcohol legallyD. often has a big birthday party3. In the last paragraph, the example" Dave Ellis 40today"shows________.A. the 40th birthday is very specialB. many adults like lying about their ageC. Dave's friends like playing jokes on himD. older people don't mind telling others their age now4. If a person reaches 65, he can________ .A. be called a "senior citizen"B. refuse to talk about his ageC. receive a card from the QueenD. be invited to dinner with the QueenPassage 5Last month, Justin Valdez, a college student, was shot in a subway station in San Francisco. The surveillance video (监控录像) showed that before Justin was killed, the killer pulled out his gun several times, and even wiped his nose with it. However, nobody noticed the killer. The surrounding passengers all focused on their cell phones.We may see the same scene everywhere in our life: in subway stations, restaurants, elevators and so on, people are watching their cell phones. From a family reunion to a date with a friend, people couldn't stop checking their twitter and facebook on the cell phones and ignoring the persons in front completely, Phubbing (低头症) not only involves young people, but also the elderly and kids."Phubbing" is a new term which comes from the words"phone" and "snub" (冷落). It describes the habit of snubbing someone in favor of a cell phone. The word "phubbing" was included in the Australian National Dictionary in 2012. Obviously, the indifference (冷漠) and rudeness of the information age are spreading globally.A Stop Phubbing campaign website has been set up. You can find the slogan of thewebsite as follows: "stop twittering, stop posting photos…enjoy your food, enjoy the music and respect others. "Phubbing appears harmless. However, it does influence our life. Jimmy, an epicure (美食家), wrote in his blog: "I can no longer focus on what I am eating since I started twittering. My skill of food photography has improved very fast, while my interest in food drops as a result. " Let us put down our cell phones and re-enjoy the real taste of our food and the warmth of interpersonal communication.1. The case of Justin Valdez is given in the first paragraph to show ________ .A. gun violence happens easily in the USB. phubbing may lead to terrible disastersC. the killer didn't mean to kill himD. the killer had made a careful plan2. What will probably happen when you ask a phubbing person for help? ________A. He will give you an immediate reply.B. He will stop looking at his cell phone.C. He will pay no attention to you.D. He will be very angry with you.3. Jimmy's words suggest that ________ .A. phubbing is actually harmlessB. phubbing stops people enjoying their lifeC. phubbing affects people's eating habits the mostD. phubbing helps people improve their photographic skills4. What is the text mainly about? ________A. The phenomenon of phubbing.B. The popular campaign of stop phubbing.C. The meaning of the word "phubbing".D. The great harm of phubbing.参考答案Passage 11. D细节理解题。

托福阅读TPO28(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Groundwater为了帮助大家备考托福。

提高阅读成绩，打有准备的仗，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读TPO28(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Groundwater，希望大家喜欢。

托福阅读原文【1】Most of the world’s potable water—freshwater suitable for drinking is accounted for by groundwater, which is stored in the pores and fractures in rocks. There is more than 50 times as much freshwater stored underground than in all the freshwater rivers and lakes at the surface. Nearly 50 percent of all groundwater is stored in the upper 1,000 meters of Earth. At greater depths within Earth, the pressure of the overlying rock causes pores and cracks to close, reducing the space that pore water can occupy, and almost complete closure occurs at a depth of about 10 kilometers. The greatest water storage, therefore, lies near the surface.Aquifers, Porosity and Permeability【2】Groundwater is stored in a variety of rock types. A groundwater reservoir from which water can be extracted is called an aquifer. We can effectively think of an aquifer as a deposit of water. Extraction of water depends on two properties of the aquifer: porosity and permeability. Between sediment grains are spaces that can be filled with water. This pore space is known as porosity and is expressed as a percentage of the total rock volume. Porosity is important for water—storage capacity, but for water to flow through rocks, the pore spaces must be connected. The ability of water, or other fluids, to flow through the interconnected pore spaces in rocks is termed permeability. In the intergranular spaces of rocks, however, fluid must flowaround and between grains in a tortuous path; this winding path causes a resistance to flow. The rate at which the flowing water overcomes this resistance is related to the permeability of rock.【3】Sediment sorting and compaction influence permeability and porosity. The more poorly sorted or the more tightly compacted a sediment is, the lower its porosity and permeability. Sedimentary rocks—the most common rock type near the surface—are also the most common reservoirs for water because they contain the most space that can be filled with water. Sandstones generally make good aquifers, while finer-grained mudstones are typically impermeable. Impermeable rocks are referred to as aquicludes. Igneous and metamorphic rocks are more compact, commonly crystalline, and rarely contain spaces between grains. However, even igneous and metamorphic rocks may act as groundwater reservoirs if extensive fracturing occurs in such rocks and if the fracture system is interconnected.The Water Table【4】The water table is the underground boundary below which all the cracks and pores are filled with water. In some cases, the water table reaches Earth’s surface, where it is expressed as rivers, lakes and marshes. Typically, though, the water table may be tens or hundreds of meters below the surface. The water table is not flat but usually follows the contours of the topography. Above the water table is the vadose zone, through which rainwater percolates. Water in the vadose zone drains down to the water table, leaving behind a thin coating of water on mineral grains. The vadose zone supplies plant roots near the surface with water.【5】Because the surface of the water table is not flat but instead rises and falls with topography, groundwater is affectedby gravity in the same fashion as surface water. Groundwater flows downhill to topographic lows. If the water table intersects the land surface, groundwater will flow out onto the surface at springs, weather to be collected there or to subsequently flow farther along a drainage. Groundwater commonly collects in stream drainages but may remain entirely beneath the surface of dry stream-beds in arid regions. In particularly wet years, short stretches of an otherwise dry stream-bed may have flowing water because the water table rises to intersect the land surface.[Glossary]Sediment: materials (such as sand or small rocks) that are deposited by water, wind, or glacial ice.Topography: the shape of a surf ace such as Earth’s, including the rise and fall of such features as mountains and valleys.托福阅读试题1.In paragraph 1, why does the author mention "the pressure of the overlying rock"?A.To show how water can be forced deep under Earth's surface.B.To show why groundwater is more plentiful than surface freshwater.C.To correct a commonly made error about the location of groundwater.D.To explain why most groundwater lies near Earth's surface.2.According to paragraph 1, groundwater differs from the water in riversand lakes in terms of itsA.portability.efulness.C.abundance.D.cost.3.The word "extracted" in the passage(paragraph 2)is closest in meaning toed.B.poured.C.removed.D.kept out.4.The word "termed" in the passage(paragraph 2)is closest in meaning toA.considered.B.called.C.limited to.D.caused by.5.According to paragraph 2, what does porosity determine?A.The rate at which the aquifer's water overcomes resistance to flow.B.The amount of water that the aquifer can hold.C.The likelihood that fractures and joints will occur in the aquifer.D.The depth underground at which the aquifer lies.6.According to paragraph 2, what is the relationship between permeability and porosity?A.The more pores a rock has, the higher its porosity but the lower its permeability.B.Rocks with many internal spaces that are not connected with each other will have high porosity but low permeability.C.If water flows through a rock easily, it has high permeability but low porosity.D.Rocks that have high permeability have high porosity and vice versa.7.The word "compacted" in the passage(paragraphy 3)is closest in meaning toA.hard.pressed.C.heavy.D.deeply buried.8.According to paragraph 3, when can igneous rock serve as an aquifer?A.When it has many connected fractures.B.When it lies next to metamorphic rock.C.When it lies relatively near the surface.D.When it is crystalline.9.The word "coating" in the passage(paragraph 4)is closest in meaning toA.stream.B.barrier.C.amount.yer.10.Paragraph 4 implies which of the following about the rootsof plants?A.They prevent water from reaching the vadose zone.B.They mark the boundary between the vadose zone and the water tableC.They do not typically get their water from the water table.D.They help keep the water table from dropping farther.11.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage paragraph 5 ? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Groundwater only flows out of the ground if the watertable intersects the land surface.B.If the land surface and the water table intersect, groundwater can flow underground.C.Groundwater may be drained if springs occur where the water table intersects the land surface.D.Where the water table meets the land surface, groundwater flows out through surface springs.12.Paragraph 5 implies which of the following about the level of the waterA.It may rise or fall from year to year, depending on annual rainfall.B.It does not vary in arid regions.C.It rarely intersects the land surface of most regions.D.It is unrelated to the rate at which groundwater flows.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit? This is a consequence of the slow rate of movement of the groundwater, which often prevents the water table from attaining a flat (horizontal) level.The water table is the underground boundary below which all the cracksand pores are filled with water. In some cases, the water table reaches Earth's surface, where it is expressed as rivers, lakes and marshes. ■【A】Typically,though,the water table may be tens or hundreds of meters below the surface. ■【B】The water table is not flat but usually follows the contours of the topography. ■【C】Above the water table is the vadose zone, through which rainwater percolates. ■【D】Water in the vadosezone drains down to the water table, leaving behind a thin coating of water onmineral grains. The vadose zone supplies plant roots near the surface withwater.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Most of the world's potable water is stored as groundwater in the poresand fractures of underground rock, much of it at depths of less than 1,000 meters.A.Sedimentary rock may make poor aquifers because of tightly compacted sediment, which reduces porosity and permeability.B.Porosity is a measure of the empty space within rock while permeability measures the degree to which water can flow freely through rock.C.In arid regions, the water tables remain at a constant level far below the surface, preventing stream-beds from filling up even during wet years.D.Groundwater reservoirs are characterized by the porosity and permeability of the rock in which they lie, and these factors vary according to the type of rock.E.The vadose zone is typically dry because water does not stay in it, but instead percolates down to aquifers below or drains out through springs and streams.F.Although the water table usually follows the contours of the land surface, its level may vary from year to year and may intersect to the surface in places.托福阅读答案1.在高亮部分的描写之后，本段的最后一句出现了，therefore。

小学小升初英语阅读理解及答案【解析】一、阅读理解1．阅读理解阅读理解Lucy lives in the Xinyi Community. Yesterday she met Sara. She lives in thiscommunity, too. She moved to this community last week. Yesterday shewanted to go to the flower shop, but she didn't know where it is. Luc y told her, “Turn left at the traffic lights and go down that street. There it is. And the flower shop is near here, you can walk.”（1）What's the name of the community?A. HappyB. XinyiC. Zhongyu（2）Who live in the community?A. LucyB. SaraC. Lucy and Sara（3）When did Sara move to the community?A. Last week.B. Today.C. Yesterday.（4）Where is the flower shop?A. Turn left at the traffic lights and go down that street.B. Turn right at the traffic lights and go down that street.C. Turn left at the street.（5）How can Sara go to the flower shop?A. Take a bus.B. Take a car.C. Walk.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】大意：介绍主人公Lucy和Sara偶遇在同一小区，Sara向其询问花店的路线。

小学二年级阅读理解专项练习28篇我原是一棵小树我原是一棵小树。

在园丁的精心照料下，我沐浴着阳光和雨露，我生机勃勃。

一天天，一年年，年复一年，我变成了粗壮的大树。

长大了，我成了春的使者。

每年，春天来临的时候，我的身上萌发出一粒粒嫩绿的新芽。

渐渐地，小芽芽长成了翠色欲流的细叶，人们忍不住欣赏着、赞叹着我的美丽。

长大了，我有了遮荫的大伞。

夏天，稠密的绿叶盖满了我的枝丫，远远望去，就像是一把绿色的大伞。

人们快乐地在我的大伞下乘凉、玩耍。

我最喜欢金色的秋天。

麦子吐穗了，果子成熟了，枫叶染红了座座群山。

我也换上了金色的礼袍，和人们一起享受丰收的欢乐。

冬天来了，我静静地、静静地休息。

鹅毛般的大雪裹满了我的全身。

一年年，我由小树长成了大树。

我将长得更高、更大。

我感谢阳光，感谢雨露，我将永远铭记辛勤培育我的园丁。

训练题1．查字典，给下列词语注音。

稠()密裹()满吐()穗()2．填上合适的词。

()照料()欢乐()大雪3．解释下列词语。

生机勃勃年复一年栋梁之材4．选词填空。

辛幸坐座(1)为了培养我们，老师的工作是很()苦的。

我们今天的生活很()福。

(2)演出结束后，我回到了自己的()位上()了下来。

5．说出跟下列词语意义相近的词语。

来临()照料()培育()6．从文章中找出合适的词语，写在括号里。

()照料()雨露()欢乐()的新芽()的秋天()的绿叶7．回答下面的问题。

(1)小树的成长靠什么(2)小树长大后能给人们带来什么(4)这首诗告诉了我们什么8．文章有哪些好词好句，找出来多读读。

9．正确流利地朗读这首诗。

百灵鸟()百灵鸟敞开歌喉，那优美的歌声立刻招来无数听众，大家纷纷夸奖它。

百灵鸟高兴万分，每天从早到晚不知疲倦地唱着。

()一天天过去了，百灵鸟还是卖力地唱着，可它发现听众却越来越少，最后连一个听众也没有了。

()百灵鸟很难过，便到喜鹊大姐那里去诉苦：“大姐，我的歌喉那么好，大家为什么不来听我唱歌呢”()喜鹊说：“小妹，你的歌喉还是那么好，但你总是反复地唱那支歌，大家已经听厌了，自然也就不愿意再听了。

专题28 小说考点之二分析小说线索考点讲解线索是贯串整个作品情节开展的脉络，它可以是小说中的某个人物、某个事物，也可以是作者的情感、小说的事件，还可以是故事中的空间、时间。

阅读小说，抓住线索是把握小说故事开展的关键。

线索一般有单线和双线两种。

寻找线索的途径有小说标题、小说中的关键词(表达“人物出场、时空变化、事件演变〞的词语等)。

小说线索安排的作用可使小说构造清晰，情节集中；可通过线索巧妙安排构造，提醒主题。

小说的明线与暗线明线：就是由人物活动或事件开展所直接呈现出来的线索。

小说明线所表达的人物故事容易集中突出。

暗线：就是未直接描绘的人物活动或由事件间接呈现出来的线索。

暗线能够在更广更深的层面上提醒出当时社会的各种矛盾或斗争的焦点，使故事情节安排更加巧妙，使小说矛盾和主题更加突出。

典例一：阅读下面的文字，答复以下问题。

马兰花李德霞大清早，马兰花从蔬菜批发市场接了满满一车菜回来。

车子还没扎稳，邻摊卖水果的三孬就凑过来说：“兰花姐，卖咸菜的麻婶出事了。

〞马兰花一惊：“出啥事啦？〞三孬说：“前天晚上，麻婶收摊回家后，突发脑溢血，幸亏被邻居发现，送到医院里，听说现在还在抢救呢。

〞马兰花想起来了，难怪昨天就没看见麻婶摆摊卖咸菜。

三孬又说：“前天上午麻婶接咸菜钱不够，不是借了你六百块钱吗？听说麻婶的女儿从上海赶过来了，你最好还是抽空跟她说说去。

〞整整一个上午，马兰花都提不起精神来，不时地瞅着菜摊旁边的那块空地发愣。

以前，麻婶就在那里摆摊卖咸菜，不忙的时候，就和马兰花说说话，聊聊天，有时买菜的人多，马兰花忙不过来，不用招呼，麻婶就会主动过来帮个忙……中午，跑出租车的男人进了菜摊。

马兰花就把麻婶的事跟她男人说了。

男人说：“我开车陪你去趟医院吧。

一来看看麻婶，二来把麻婶借钱的事跟她女儿说说，免得日后有麻烦。

〞马兰花就从三孬的水果摊上买了一大兜水果，坐着男人的车去了医院。

麻婶已转入重症监护室，还没有脱离生命危险。

门口的长椅上，麻婶的女儿哭得眼泪一把，鼻涕一把。

2023届高三语文现代文阅读提升专练（第28练）基础题组现代文阅读I阅读下面的文字，完成1-5题。

材料一：“刺猬理念”是一个值得参考的理念。

英国学者伊赛亚·柏林引用古希腊谚语“狐狸多机巧，刺猬仅一招”，将学者大致分为两类：第一类对世界有一个统一的框架和体系，并以这一结构来解决问题（刺猬）；而另一类则会动用广泛而多样的经验、方法来阐释和解决问题（狐狸），却没有一个框架或统一的观点。

虽然没有优劣，但在古希腊寓言中，二者高下立见：狐狸很聪明，会很多技能，也善于观察、筹划，能够设计很多复杂的策略向刺猬发动进攻，并且行动迅速，看起来肯定是赢家；刺猬看似笨拙，行动迟缓，但它有拿手的一招——一遇到攻击，就缩成一个圆球，浑身的尖刺立起来，让敌人无从下口。

所以，每一次攻防，都是刺猬取胜。

基于类似的寓言，管理学家吉姆·柯林斯在《从优秀到卓越》一书中指出，一些实现了从优秀到卓越跨越式发展的公司，都坚持了简单而深刻的所谓“刺猬理念”。

具体来说，它们将战略建立在对以下三个方面的深刻理解之上：你对什么充满热情？你能在什么方面成为世界上最优秀的？是什么驱动你的经济引擎？柯林斯认为，实现跨越的公司将这三个方面的理解转化为一个简单而明确的理念，来指导所有工作，长期坚持，就能取得令人瞩目的成绩。

虽然柯林斯在这里说的是公司，但我认为这个道理对于个人也是适用的。

首先，很显然，哪怕你不能在某些方面做到世界最优，就算做到超过大多数同行，你也可以获得良好的口碑和优秀的绩效，这是个人有所成就的基础。

其次，你所擅长的能力应该可以给你带来丰厚的回报，创造出持久、强劲的现金流和利润。

如果你的能力不能创造价值，仅凭爱好和热情，也是不可持续的。

最后，也可能是最根本或最为重要的是，你对什么东西充满热情？如果你对那些东西充满热情，你就可以全力以赴，在做事情的过程中产生“废寝忘食”的“心流”体验，也更容易发展出超出同行的专业能力。

（摘自《新浪财经》，有删改）材料二：不论是个人还是企业都想要在某方面成为最优秀的，然而事实上，很少有人能有穿透的洞察力和摆脱虚荣心的清醒认识。

28 惊弓之鸟更羸是古时候魏国有名的射箭能手。

有一天，更羸跟魏王到郊外打猎。

一只大雁从远处慢慢地飞来，边飞边鸣。

更羸仔细看了看，指着大雁对魏王说：“大王，我不用箭，只要拉一下弓，这只大雁就能掉下来。

”“是吗？”魏王信不过自己的耳朵，问道，“你有这样的本事？”更羸说：“请让我试一下。

”更羸并没有取箭，他左手拿弓，右手拉弦，只听得嘣的一声响，那只大雁只往上飞，拍了两下翅膀，忽然从半空里直掉下来。

“啊！”魏王看了，大吃一惊，“真有这本事！”更羸笑笑说：“不是我本事大，是因为我知道，这是一只受过箭伤的鸟。

”魏王更加奇怪了，问：“你怎么知道的？”更羸说：“它飞得慢，叫的声音很悲惨。

飞得慢，因为它受过箭伤，伤口没有愈合，还在作痛；叫得悲惨，因为它离开同伴，孤单失群，得不到帮助。

它一听到弦响，心里很害怕，就拼命往高处飞。

它一使劲伤口又裂开了，就掉了下来。

”【练习】一、基础知识训练。

1．看拼音写词语。

jīng gōng zhī niǎo wèi guódǎ liè（）（）（）bēng de yìshēng dàchīyījīng bēi cǎn（）（）（）tóng bàn gū dān shī qún pīn mìng（）（）（）（）liè kāi gōng xián yù hé（）（）（）2．近形字组词。

列（）借（）愉（）崩（）裂（）猎（）愈（）蹦（）赢( ) 郊( ) 孤( )赢( ) 效( ) 狐( )3．给黑体字注音。

只有( ) 更新( ) 作坊( ) 看见( )船只() 更加( ) 作文( ) 看守( )4、给加黑的字选择正确的读音（正确的划上横线）。

活泼(bōpō) 腹部(fǔfù) 疾飞(jíjī)掠过(luèluě) 愈合(yūyù) 教诲(huǐhuì)5. 根据课文内容和下列句意写词语。

木头马三年级语文阅读28、29题目1、下列选项中加着重号字注音正确的一项是（）[单选题] *A、脉脉mò颤动zhàn 乘凉chéng独处chǔB、酣睡hān 参差cī袅娜nuó蓊蓊郁郁wěng(正确答案)C、点缀zhuì倩影qiàn 幽僻bì梵婀玲fánD、惦着diàn羞涩sè宛然wǎn 踱着步dù2、1老刘庆祝生日，对好友说：“明天是我的生日，特邀请你来贵府一叙，你不会拒绝吧？”他这样表述是得体的。

[判断题] *对(正确答案)错3、下列选项中加着重号字读音与其它三项不相同的一项是（）[单选题] *A、嗜好(正确答案)B、麻痹C、刚愎自用D、包庇4、1“千呼万唤始出来”的下一句是“唯见江心秋月白”。

[判断题] *对(正确答案)错5、1“年貌虽小，其举止言谈不俗，身体面庞虽怯弱不胜，却有一段自然的风流态度，便知他有不足之症。

”这句话描写的是林黛玉的体貌神态。

[判断题] *对(正确答案)错6、4．下列词语中加点字的注音完全正确的一项是（）[单选题] *A．羞怯（qiè）粗犷（kuàng）褴褛（lǚ）戛然而止（jiā）B．蹒跚（pán）徘徊（huái）揩（kāi）油抑扬顿挫（cuò）(正确答案)C．恣睢（zì）教诲（huì）两栖（xī）吹毛求疵（chī）D．沉淀（diàn）炽热（zhì）告罄（qìn）桀骜不驯（jié）7、“果脯”的读音是“guǒfǔ”。

[判断题] *对(正确答案)错8、1《诗经》分为风、雅、颂三类，普遍运用赋、比、兴的手法，语言以四言为主，其中不少篇章采用重章叠句的艺术形式。

[判断题] *对(正确答案)9、39. 下列词语中加双引号字的读音完全正确的一项是（）[单选题] *A．“亢”奋（kàng）“晦”暗（huì）羁“绊”（bàn）“衰”草连天（suō）B．“蓦”然（mù）“冗”杂（rǒng）“瞳”仁（tóng）不可抗“拒”（jù）C．“恬”静（tián）束“缚”（fù）闭“塞”（sài）“悬”崖绝壁（xuán）D．严“峻”（jùn）震“撼”（hàn）“磅”礴（páng）纷至“沓”来（tà）(正确答案)10、1《沁园春雪》中的“沁园春”是词牌名，“雪”是这首词的题目，词的内容与沁园春有密切的联系。

高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 28Passage 1When faced with the decision to get out of bed or have a few more minutes of sleep, which do you choose? Believe it or not, that decision could make a world of difference in the rest of your day.About 85 percent of Americans use an alarm clock to wake up in the mornings, according to sleep researcher Till Roennenber. And while there are no official numbers on snoozing (打盹), a quick survey of social media makes it clear that hitting the snooze button is a popular pastime.As to how the snooze button will affect your day, scientists have mixed opinions. Some scientists think people who hit the snooze button in the mornings are actually clever, creative and happy while some said that hitting the snooze button will ruin your life, or at the very least your day. "I feel that hitting the snooze button has got to be one of the worst things that ever happened to human sleep,” researcher Jonathan Horowitz said. "The chances of you ‘snoozing’ and actually experiencing a meaningful rest are close to zero.”According to some sleep experts, when hitting the snooze button, you are in fact confusing your body and mind, and throwing yourself into a deep state of being sleepy. The body needs some time to wake up, so, when returning to what will be a light sleep for a brief period of time, you are putting your body back into a sleep mode before waking it again. At thatpoint your body won’t know what it wants, resulting in a sort of half awaken state.If you really want to take advantage of an alarm clock, the key is to form a healthy sleep cycle. Focus your efforts on getting enough sleep each night and waking up at the same time each day so that when your alarm goes off you feel rested.1. What can we infer about hitting the snooze button from Paragraph 2?A. People do it just for fun.B. It is a common practice.C. People take it seriously.D. It is a bit childish.2. What do some sleep experts think of hitting the snooze button?A. It is meaningful in the long term.B. It makes people become lazy.C. It brings us a sense of satisfaction.D. It affects our body and mind.3. What’s the author’s suggestion on getting the best out of alarms?A. Forming a good sleep habit.B. Trying to relax ourselves.C. Making use of willpower.D. Using an extra alarm.4. What is the best title for the text?A. Ways to keep refreshed in the morning.B. The snooze button and people's character.C. Should you rely on the snooze button?D. How to avoid the light sleep mode?Passage 2In May 2020, on the occasion of the 73rd World Health Assembly, WHO will host the first-ever Health for All Film Festival in Geneva.Whether you are an amateur filmmaker seeking to tell the story of change-makers in your community through the lens of your smart phone or you're working with a production company to promote dialogue around global health challenges and solutions, WHO wants to see your story.Filmmakers are invited to submit a short video for one of the following 3 categories.CATEGORY 1: Video reports （3-8 minutes long）Video reports showing human-interest stories about health from individuals, communities, and/or healthcare workers navigating a local or global health challenge, championing solutions, or driving change.CATEGORY 2: Animation videos （1-5 minutes long）Animation videos that include challenges and solutions to achieving health and well-being for all, or to educate about a health issue.CATEGORY 3: Videos about nurses and midwives （3-8 minutes long）Any audiovisual narration style will be accepted for this special theme for the International Year of the Nurse and the Midwife in 2020.Eligibility criteria （合格标准）Only films completed between 1 January 2017 and 30 January 2020 are qualified to participate in this festival. Closing date for entries is 30January 2020.The video can be submitted in any language. If the video is not in English, it must contain English subtitles.Submit the video via your Facebook account, Google account, or email.AwardsMaximum 15 videos per category will be selected for the Health for All Film Festival. The list of selected videos will be announced in March 2020 and the selections screened in Geneva in May.An independent jury will nominate （提名）a winner in each category, and there will be a special prize for videos made by students.1. Which video is suitable for the festival?A. A 5-minute video about nurses and midwives.B. An 8-minute animation video about a health issue.C. A 4-minute video report about a health challenge.D. A 6-minute video about a human-interest story2. To enter for the festival, the video should be submitted.A. by mailB. in EnglishC. with subtitlesD. before 30 Jan. 20203. How many prizes will be awarded?A. 3B. 4C. 15D. 45Passage 3Stephen Hawking is one of the most famous scientists in this century. He was born in 1942. He's world well-known on space and time. Stephen was searching some very big questions, such as How did the universe begin? How will it end?Stephen was a student at Oxford University. He studied math and science. Then, at the age of twenty, he became sick. He was so young, but the doctors said to his family, "He has only two more years to live. " As a matter of fact, the doctors were wrong—he didn't die. He can't walk but he uses a wheelchair. He can't feed himself and get in or out of bed himself. But he refused to give in to the condition. He talks with the help of a computer. After Oxford, Stephen went to Cambridge University. Three years later, in 1965, he became a doctor of philosophy.Because of his serious health problems, it was difficult for him to draw diagrams (图表) or to write. So he started to think in pictures. With this new way of thinking, he became one of the most famous scientists in the world. In 1981, he met the Pope (教皇) in Rome. They talked about his ideas. Then in 1988, he wrote his first important book, A Brief History of Time. It sold more than 5. 5million copies in 33different languages. He was once invited to China, he impressed us with his self-confidence, humorous and witty (风趣的) conversation.1. Which of the following is NOT true? ________A. Stephen is good at thinking.B. Stephen cannot walk.C. Stephen has had the answers to some very big questions.D. Stephen had once studied.2. What is A Brief History of Time about? ________A. a book which is well﹣known all over the word.B. a book about Rome's history.C. Stephen's talk collection with the Pope in Rome.D. Stephen's talk collection with me in China.3. What do Stephen's studies not relate to according to the passage? ________A. scienceB. mathC. philosophyD. art4. In what order are Stephen's main experiences? ________a. He went to Cambridge University.b. He became very ill.c. He wrote his first important book.d. He met the Pope in Rome.A. c—a—b—dB. a—b—c—dC. b—a—d—cD. a—c—b—dPassage 4Anyone for coffee? What about a Skinny Latte, or perhaps an AlmondTruffle Mocha, or even a Raspberry Mocha Chip Frappuccino? These are just a few of the many speciality coffees at Starbucks, the world's leading coffee roaster and retailer (零售商).Starbucks serves over 25 million customers a week in 7, 500 stores around the world. And this figure is increasing rapidly, with three or four new stores being opened every single day! So how did a company currently worth $ 5 billion get started?Starbucks Coffee roasted its first coffee beans in 1971. This tiny coffee house in Seattle, named after a character in the novel "Moby Dick", was the idea of three men—Baldwin, Siegel, and Bowker—who cared deeply about fine coffee. Their determination to provide the best quality coffee helped their business to succeed, and a decade later, their fourth store in Seattle opened.Meanwhile, in New York, Howard Schultz, a businessman specializing in kitchen equipment, noticed that a small company in Seattle was ordering a large number of a special type of coffeemaker. Out of curiosity, he made the trip to Seattle to find out more. Immediately he saw the Starbucks store, he knew that he wanted to be part of it. The three founder members didn't agree initially, but a persistent (执着的) Schultz was eventually hired to be head of Starbucks marketing in 1982. He modeled the Starbucks stores on Italian espresso bars, and made them comfortable places to relax. Within the next ten years, Schultz had alreadyopened 150new stores and had bought the company! Today Starbucks is one of the world's most recognized brands.But global success comes at a price. Although Starbucks has a company policy of fair trade and employee welfare, it has been the recent target of anti-globalization protests (抗议). Many people feel that big corporations, even responsible ones, are never a good thing. However, Starbucks' continued success in the face of opposition shows that its blend (混合) of commercialism and comfortable sofas is still irresistible.1. What can be learned about Starbucks? ________A. It was named by a novelist.B. It got started with 5 billion dollars.C. It grows its own coffee beans globally.D. It offers a wide range of speciality coffees.2. Which of the following can describe Howard Schultz? ________A. Honest and responsible.B. Determined and creative.C. Generous and ambitious.D. Persistent and optimistic.3. In which aspect did Schultz make improvement to Starbucks? ________A. Its environment.B. Its marketing strategy.C. The taste of its coffee.D. The way of making coffee.4. Which of the following about Starbucks do people see as negative? ________A. Expanding globally.B. Unaffordable prices.C. Unhealthy price competition.D. Treating employees unequally.Passage 5Emily Temple-Wood was 12 years old the first time she was trolled online. They left ugly comments on her Wikipedia and Facebook pages about her looks“that would make my mother’s hair curl, ”says Temple-Wood, now 22 and in medical school. Her biggest crime, she believes: “I was a woman on the Internet. ”Over the years, she considered how she might exact revenge. Then, as a freshman in college, it hit her: “What do misogynists hate most？”she asked herself.“Women who are productive!”Her solution: For every insulting comment she received, Temple-Wood would post a biography of a female scientist, and thus, in 2012, Wiki Project Women Scientists was born. She profiled her heroes, like Barbara McClintock, who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and Caroline Still Anderson, oneof the first African American women to become a physician in the United States, in the late 1800s. With help from other women, many of them scientists who have also been victimized online, Temple-Wood has published hundreds of these brief biographies and women of all ages have taken notice.“When I was a kid, I could count the number of women scientists I was aware of on one hand, ”wrote Siko Bouterse, formerly of the Wikimedia Foundation. “But our daughters are going to have access to much more knowledge about scientists who look like them, thanks to Emily.The nasty comments still come, says Temple-Wood. Being a strong woman online is not easy. “We all have days where we break down and need to snuggle a cat and have a glass of wine, ”she says. “I tell people who are being trolled that it’s OK to be upset. But now you need to find a productive way to take revenge. ”1. How did Emily react to the ugly comments about her？________A. She paid no attention to themB. She posted about great womenC. She became a talkative womanD. She learned from women scientists2. What does Siko Bouterse think of Emily’s effort？________A. They are helpfulB. They are fruitlessC. They are creativeD. They are surprising3. What does Emily Temple-Wood advise people to do？________A. Sit down and have a glass of wineB. Try hard to be a productive personC. Never feel upset about ugly commentsD. Fight against ugly comments in a positive way参考答案Passage 11. B推理判断题。

《爷爷的黄豆》王琼华爷爷是染布的。

他爱吃黄豆出了名。

在镇子西头，爷爷十七岁那年刷刷地架起了好几口大染锅。

这吃饭的手艺是偷来的。

爷爷从小喜欢跑进大染坊找老板的儿子玩耍。

有时老板的儿子跟私塾先生念书，爷爷便蹲在一旁，直愣愣地盯着热气腾腾的大染锅。

爷爷蹲着看染布时，就从兜里摸出几粒炒熟的黄豆塞到嘴里嚼，这样一蹲就是一两个时辰。

呆瓜！染布师傅往往这么笑话爷爷。

当爷爷染出第一锅布时，大家才知道爷爷并不呆。

那年，家里遭了大灾，爷爷架起几口大锅开始染布。

开业那天，镇子里所有人都听到爷爷一边敲锣一边喊话，开张头半个月染布不收钱，染坏了一赔二。

爷爷没钱请帮工，自己把麻绳往肚子上一勒，一把黄豆往嘴巴里一塞，一边香甜地嚼着，一边搅动大染锅。

当爷爷嚼完三四把黄豆时，青布便染成了。

青色衬着爷爷额头的汗珠，沉稳得像傍晚袭来的夜幕。

后来，爷爷的技艺越来越精湛，生意越做越大。

于是，成了镇子里最大的染坊。

那名声像染布匠拿搅锅棍敲锅一样，咣咣当当响得很。

在嚼着一把又一把黄豆时，爷爷兜里也开始响着咣咣当当的银元声。

有了钱，除了每天有滋有味地多嚼几把黄豆，还娶了奶奶。

在我的记忆里，爷爷一谈到自己就笑呵呵，一谈到父亲就唉声叹气。

闲时，爷爷经常是一边慢慢地嚼着黄豆一边跟我聊天，像在咀嚼他的一生。

他说，父亲是一个倒钱筒。

父亲是爷爷的独苗，奶奶宠着他，惯着他。

听爷爷说，父亲才十岁，就开始进大烟馆。

没钱，就赊账。

烟馆老板拿着赊账本来讨钱时，爷爷才明白是怎么一回事。

父亲就像一棵荒野的树那样疯长。

我十岁那年，三天三夜，父亲跟人赌输了。

大染坊被抵了赌债。

那一天爷爷没有嚼他的黄豆，唉声叹气，一脸乌云。

搬出大染坊时，爷爷习惯性地掏出黄豆，迟疑了一下，爷爷这回没有把黄豆塞进嘴巴，而是把黄豆一路撒在地上。

没几年，爷爷病得不行了。

父亲依然整天不着家，爷爷的安危只是他耳边刮过的一阵微风。

临终前的那个晚上，爷爷示意我到他跟前，他手中攥着一个小布袋，打开来，是些黄豆。