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C语言学习第二章(英文版)

C语言学习第二章(英文版)

School of Software, Nanchang HangKong University
5
Chapter 2 Algorithm and Flowchart
2.1 What is algorithm
A step-by-step problem-solving
procedure, especially an established,
If student’s grade is greater than or equal to 60
Print “Passed”
If condition true
Print statement executed and program goes on to next statement If false, print statement is ignored and the program goes onto the next statement Indenting makes programs easier to read C ignores whitespace characters
School of Software, Nanchang HangKong University
12
Chapter 2 Algorithm and Flowchart
2.5 Control Structures
Sequential execution Transfer of control
School of Software, Nanchang HangKong University
2
Chapter 2 Algorithm and Flowchart
Outline

数据结构与算法 Data Structures and Algorithms

数据结构与算法 Data Structures and Algorithms

高级数据结构和算法分析Advanced Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis主讲教师：陈越Instructor: CHEN, YUEE-mail: chenyue@ Courseware and homework sets can be downloaded from /dsaa/教材(Text Book)Data Structures andAlgorithm Analysis in C(2nd Edition)Mark Allen Weiss陈越改编Email: weiss@参考书目(Reference)数据结构与算法分析（C语言版）魏宝刚、陈越、王申康编著浙江大学出版社 Data Structures, Algorithms, and Applications in C++数据结构算法与应用——C++语言描述（英文版）Sartaj Sahni McGraw-Hill & 机械工业出版社 数据结构课程设计何钦铭、冯雁、陈越著浙江大学出版社课程评分方法(Grading Policies)Research Project (23 or 25)Discussions(14)Homework (5)Q&A (0.5 each)Total 45Final Exam (55)Discussions(14)Form groups of 3 or 428 in-class discussion topicsEach takes 3~5 minutes14 = 28 10 / 20Research topics (23 or 25)◆Done in groups◆16 topics to choose from◆Report (18 or 20 points)◆In-class presentation (5~10 minutes, 5 points)◆The speaker will be chosen randomly from all thecontributors◆If there are many volunteers, only one group willbe chosen◆If there is no volunteer, I will talk about itHomework (5)✓Done independently✓10 problems✓Collected before the end of the next class meeting ✓ 5 = 10 10 / 20✓Late penalty: 2 points/weekQ&A⏹For volunteers only⏹0.5 point for each question asked/answered ⏹come and claim your credits after each classsession。

数据结构与算法 经典书籍

数据结构与算法 经典书籍

数据结构与算法经典书籍数据结构与算法是计算机科学中非常重要的基础知识，对于程序员来说，掌握好数据结构与算法对于解决问题、编写高效的代码至关重要。

下面是一些经典的数据结构与算法的书籍，这些书籍涵盖了常见的数据结构和算法，可以帮助读者深入理解和应用这些知识。

1.《算法导论》（Introduction to Algorithms）这是一本经典的算法教材，由Thomas H. Cormen、Charles E. Leiserson、Ronald L. Rivest和Clifford Stein合著，被广泛认为是学习算法的权威之作。

书中详细介绍了各种常用的数据结构和算法，包括排序、查找、图算法等。

2.《数据结构与算法分析：C语言描述》（Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C）这本书由Mark Allen Weiss编写，通过C语言的描述介绍了各种数据结构和算法。

书中详细讲解了链表、栈、队列、树等数据结构以及排序、查找、图算法等算法。

3.《算法图解》（Grokking Algorithms）这是一本非常适合初学者的算法入门书籍，由Aditya Bhargava编写。

书中使用简洁的语言和图示，介绍了常见的算法和数据结构，包括二分查找、快速排序、广度优先搜索等。

4.《算法（第4版）》（Algorithms, 4th Edition）这本书由Robert Sedgewick和Kevin Wayne合著，是一本经典的算法教材。

书中介绍了各种算法和数据结构的设计和分析方法，包括排序、查找、图算法等。

5.《数据结构与算法分析：Java语言描述》（Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in Java）这本书由Mark Allen Weiss编写，使用Java语言描述了各种数据结构和算法。

书中详细讲解了链表、栈、队列、树等数据结构以及排序、查找、图算法等算法。

数据结构与算法分析-C语言(英文版)

数据结构与算法分析-C语言(英文版)

Head pointer ptr = 0110
ZHAO
QIAN
NULL
Insertion
ptr node

b temp
§2 The List ADT
takes O(1) time. ... an
NULL
a1
...
ai
ai+1
temp->next =
node->next
node->next = temp
Coefficient Exponent Next

typedef struct poly_node *poly_ptr; struct poly_node { int Coefficient ; /* assume coefficients are integers */ int Exponent; poly_ptr Next ; }; typedef poly_ptr a ; /* nodes sorted by exponent */
llink rlink typedef struct node *node_ptr ; item typedef struct node { node_ptr llink; Uhhh ... Then I‟ll have to Don‟tptr->llink->rlink ptr = we have element item; go from the 1st node again. enough headache already? node_ptr rlink; ptr->rlink->llink But hey, why do I=wantta }; Why do we need

数据结构与算法分析C++版英文原版第二版课程设计

数据结构与算法分析C++版英文原版第二版课程设计

Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++ SecondEdition–Course DesignIntroductionThis course design is based on the book Data Structures andAlgorithm Analysis in C++ by Mark A. Weiss, the second edition. The purpose of this course is to enhance the students’ understanding of data structures and algorithms as well as improve their programming skills in C++. The contents of this course are divided into two parts, theoretical knowledge, and practical programming applications.Theoretical KnowledgeChapter 1 Basic ConceptsIn this chapter, students will learn the basic concepts of data structures and algorithms, including their definitions, characteristics, and applications. In addition, students will be guided to understand the relationships among data structures, algorithms, and programming languages.Chapter 2 Algorithm AnalysisIn this chapter, students will learn how to analyze the efficiencyof algorithms. They will be introduced to the concept of big-o notation, which is a standard measure of how an algorithm performs. They will be able to classify algorithms based on their time and space complexities. They will also be able to compare and contrast different algorithms based on their efficiency.Chapter 3 Lists, Stacks, and QueuesIn this chapter, students will learn about linear data structures such as lists, stacks, and queues. They will be able to describe the features of these data structures and their implementation in C++. They will also learn to analyze the performance of operations such as insertion, deletion, and search.Chapter 4 TreesIn this chapter, students will learn about the hierarchical data structure - trees. They will be able to identify the different types of trees, understand their features, and implement them in C++. Studentswill also learn about tree traversal algorithms and the balance ofbinary trees.Chapter 5 HashingIn this chapter, students will learn about the implementation ofhash tables in C++. They will be introduced to hash function design, collision resolution, and probing methods. They will understand the performance analysis of different hash table implementations.Chapter 6 Priority Queues (Heaps)In this chapter, students will learn about priority queues and will explore the various implementation methods, including heap structures. They will understand the relationship between binary heaps and priority queues. They will be able to describe and implement heap-sort algorithms.Chapter 7 SortingIn this chapter, students will learn about various sorting algorithms, including insertion, merge, quick, and radix sorts. Students will be able to describe their features and analyze their efficiency. They will also learn the key steps required for implementation.Chapter 8 The Disjoint Set ADTIn this chapter, students will be introduced to the disjoint-setdata structure. They will learn about classical algorithms, including Kruskal’s algorithm, for solving the minimum spanning tree problem.Practical Programming ApplicationsAlgorithm VisualizationThis part ms to help students improve their programming skills. Students will be trned to design and implement visualization tools that demonstrate various algorithms such as sorting and pathfinding. Theywill use C++ programming language and third-party graphics libraries.Data Structure DesignIn this part, students will be divided into groups of two or threeto design and implement their own data structure. They will be required to submit design documents and technical reports. After implementation, they are expected to demonstrate their data structures and present their work in class.Project Design and ImplementationThis part ms to help students integrate all the knowledge and skills they have learned so far. Students will be required to complete a project related to data structures and algorithms. They will need to identify the problem, design the solution, and implement the algorithm using C++. The project can be either a standalone application or a library.ConclusionBy the end of the course, students will have an in-depth understanding of various data structures and algorithms. They will have learned to analyze their efficiency and implement them using C++. They will also have completed two programming projects and developed marketable programming skills.。

C语言基础教程课件(英文版)ch

C语言基础教程课件(英文版)ch
Loops
Learn how to use for, while, and do-while loops effectively in C.
Functions and Recursion
1
Functions
Discover how to write and call functions in C to organize and optimize your codebase.
Control Statements
if-else statements
Learn how to control the flow of your program with if-else statements.
switch-case statements
Understand the functionality of switch-case as an alternate to if-else blocks.
Code Examples
Examples of using arrays and pointers to create efficient code.
Strings and String Functions
Strings & char arrays
Learn how to declare, manipulate, and compare strings in C programming language.
Structures and Unions
1
Structures
Learn how to define and use structures in C programming language.
2

课程名称：数据结构与算法 (英文翻译)Data Structure and

在世界上我们只活一次，所以应该爱惜光阴。必须过真实的生活，过有价值的生活。——巴甫洛夫
课程名称：数据结构与算法 （英文翻译）Data Structure and algorithm
本课程是让学生深刻领会数据结构与算法在计算机科学中的重要作用。通过本课程的学习使学生掌握非数值问题的计算机解题的主要思想和方法，具有针对实际问题建立合适的数据模型，选择合适的算法并在计算机上实现的能力。初步培养学生在实较好的算法。要求每个同学通过实验使学生学会如何把书上学到的知识用于解决实际问题，培养编程工作所需要的动手能力.
本课程属于中级编程范围，一般是计算机专业的专业必修课。主要介绍线性表，栈，队列，树，图等存储结构和查找，排序等方法。
一个熟练的高级软件开发应用技术人员一般要有三个阶段的训练:
1.结构语言的训练(例:C++语言基础)
2.数据结构知识的训练
3.大型应用程序的训练
教材：数据结构与算法，窦延平等编，2005年, 上海交通大学出版社
在世界上我们只活一次，所以应该爱惜光阴。必须过真实的生活，过有价值的生活。——巴甫洛夫

数据结构与算法分析 C语言描述(第2版)Larry Nyhoff 抽象数据类型 PPT课件


6
Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-140909-3
Subscript Operation
• We have said elements accessed by name and [ ]
numList[5]
• Consider the [ ] to be an operator
– Program can exceed allowed memory area – Program can give puzzling results
5
Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-140909-3
Character Arrays
• Elements of an array may be of any type
– Including characters
• Example:
char name [NAME_CAPACITY] = "John Doe";
– The subscript operator – Performs address
translation
• Name of the array is a pointer constant
– The base address
Nyhoff, ADTs, Data Structures and Problem Solving with C++, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson
– Compiler determines how memory allocated
• Dynamic array
– Allocation takes place at run time

数据结构与算法分析 C语言描述(第2版)Larry Nyhoff 二叉树习题课 PPT课件


2n0-1<=n<=2n0 即：n/2<=n0<=(n+1)/2
则：
n0 = [n/2] （向上取整）
3
二、填空题
1. 设一棵完全二叉树有700个结点，则共有 350 个叶子结点。
2. 一棵具有２５７个结点的完全二叉树，它的深度为 8 。 3. 一棵深度为6的满二叉树有 63 个分支结点和 64 叶子。
（用二叉链表存储包含n个结一个结点有 且仅有一个双亲，所以只有n-1个结点的链域存放指向非空子女结点的指针，还有n+1个空指针。）
√ 9. 具有12个结点的完全二叉树有5个度为2的结点。
(对完全二叉树，叶子数＝[n/2]＝6； 对一般二叉树，n2 =n0-1=5 )
树是结点的有限集合，它A 根结点，记为T。
其余的结点分成为m（m≥0）个 B 的集合T1，T2，…，Tm，每个集合又 都是树，此时结点T称为Ti的父结点，Ti称为T的子结点（1≤i≤m）。 一个结点的子结点个数为该结点的 C 。
供选择的答案
A： ①有0个或1个 ②有0个或多个
③有且只有1个
④有1个或1个以上
e = 2n2 + n1 = n - 1 因此:
2n2 + n1 = n0 + n1 + n2 - 1
n2 = n0 - 1 ---------------------(1)
对完全二叉树而言，0<=n1<=1 则：
n0+n2<=n<=n0+n2+1 --------(2)
根据（1）式和（2）式，得：
一、判断题
× 1. 二叉树中每个结点的两棵子树的高度差等于1。
√ 2. 二叉树中每个结点的两棵子树是有序的。

数据结构英文版课件1DataStructuresCourse.pptx


Data Structures
2017-2-21
6/9
Learning Data Structures
WHY ?
WHAT ?
HOW ?
Practise! Practise! Practise!
Data Structures
2017-2-21
7/9
Why we use Data Structures?
Data Structures
2017-2-21
9/9
How to use Data Structures?
When selecting a data structure to solve a prБайду номын сангаасblem, you should follow these steps: 1. Analyze your problem to determine the
It should go without saying that people write programs to solve problems. However ， it is crucial to keep this truism in mind when selecting a data structure to solve a particular problem. Only by first analyzing the problem to determine the performance goals that must be achieved can there be any hope of selecting the right data structure that they are familiar with but which is inappropriate to the problem.
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【Definition】An Abstract Data Type (ADT) is a data type that is organized in such a way that the specification on the objects and specification of the operations on the objects are separated from the representation of the objects and the implementation on the operations.
typedef struct list_node *list_ptr; typedef struct list_node {
char data [ 4 ] ;
N1->next = N2 ; N2->next = NULL ; ptr = N1 ;
list_ptr next ;
}; list_ptr ptr ;
array+i array+i+1
……
itemi itemi+1 ……
MaxSize has to be estimated.
Find_Kth takes O(1) time.
Insertion and Deletion not
only take O(N) time, but also involve a lot of data movements which takes time.
2. Linked Lists
Address
0010 0011 0110 1011
Data
SUN QIAN ZHAO
LI
Pointer
1011 0010 0011 NULL
ptr ZHAO
§2 The List ADT
QIAN
SUN
LI
NULL
To link ‘ZHAO’ and ‘QIAN’:
Head pointer ptr = 0110
ptr
ZHAO
QIAN
NULL
Insertion
ptr
a1
node
... ai
§2 The List ADT takes O(1) time.
ai+1
... an
NULL
temp->next =
node->next
b temp
node->next = temp
Question: What will happen if the order of the two steps is reversed?
list_ptr N1, N2 ;
N1 = (list_ptr)malloc(sizeof(struct list_node));
Initialization:
Locations oNNf12-t=>hd(elaistant_=opdt‘Zr)eHmsAaOmllo’ ;ac(ysizeof(struct list_node)); change onNd2-i>fdfaetrae=n‘tQIrAuNn’ ;s.
Finding previous of the current item from a list.
1. Simple Array implementation of Lists
§2 The List ADT
array[ i ] = itemi
Address Content
……
……
Sequential mapping
§2 The List ADT
❖ ADT:
Objects: ( item0, item1, , itemN1 )
Operations:
Finding the length, N, of a list. Printing all the items in a list.
Why after?
Making an empty list.
Doubly Linked Circular Lists
§2 The List ADT
typedef struct node *node_ptr ; typedef struct node {
llink
rlink
• item •
A} ;donenulooebddmleeye__nppltttirrnklriltlieeinndmkk;;;circMuTiltaWNhsSgyreogupBebhtlnwotprihe1uyUsetpfy-efttyhhvid>rhoonhowmioeoo2ushoduewmei-m-uehyytt>attnwhysh,ohwh-r3.toow.tueaehnWeh-.honuu>neohdTIeaaupog…n’tdhayhoss1thldrlhtkdoodkeyluaaesDeed-pdetghvbnm?>tdynmdoodteohienelromoooney?IaIeeotu=fa=dlu’’d.w?oerdllwtmeslip1plotaenei:f:weaht?tnm-sc-irkratnn)ntaheo--he>g>dtevdethdtlarheenlealaaiidien?lonntlviokrdsk1.ee-te-s>s>at.?rldllniiynno?kkde
Questnioonde: How can we delete the first node from a list?
Answer: We can add a dummy head node to a list.
Read programs in Figures 3.6-3.15 for detailed implementations of operations.பைடு நூலகம்
Question: How can we insert a new first item?
Deletion
ptr
a1
pre
... ai
§2 The List ADT takes O(1) time.
ai+1
... an
NULL
pre->next =
b
node->next
free ( node )
Finding the k-th item from a list, 0 k < N.
Inserting a new item after the k-th item of a list, 0 k < N.
Deleting an item from a list.
Finding next of the current item from a list.
CHAPTER 3 Lists, Stacks, and Queues
§1 Abstract Data Type (ADT)
【Definition】Data Type = { Objects } { Operations }
〖Example〗 int = { 0, 1, 2, , INT_MAX, INT_MIN } { , , , , , }