高考英语阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征:同义转化
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高考英语阅读理解正确选项与错误选项的特征高考英语阅读理解正确选项的特征1.关键词直接复现2.对原文关键词进行同义替换或转换正确选项特点与识别方法1. 直接复现类可从问题中找到关键词,以此为线索,运用略读及查阅的技巧迅速定位即可。
2. 同义转换类需对原文信息进行准确理解并简单推理,观察词义、词性及语态的变化。
复习时应掌握英语的多种表达法。
高考英语阅读理解错误选项的特征错误选项就是命题人用以干扰你思维的陷阱。
高考英语,由于词汇量的限制,挑选的文章不能过难。
命题人员就在问题和干扰选项上做文章。
使你即使基本读懂文章,也不能轻松做对全部题目。
现在的干扰项不仅语言复杂,而且欺骗性强。
两个语言水平相当,对文章理解差不多的考生会因为对干扰项的辨别能力不同,而答题的正确率不一。
为了提高辨别错误或干扰信息的能力,有必要分析干扰项的种种特征,使我们在种种命题人设置的陷阱面前,做到胸有成竹。
一、“以假乱真”的选项把文章中出现的一些词放在选项里,达到似曾相识的感觉,迷惑考生。
在各种干扰信息中,伪了。
伪造性的信息也就是文章中根本没有的意思,硬是编造出一个信息,组成一个选项,以假乱真,以迷惑和干扰考生。
以假乱真的伪造性信息有两种表现形式。
这就告诉我们:在辨别选项时,一定要琢磨选项的意思,不要因为时间紧,不读完选项的句子,或粗粗一读,只看到几个表面文字与文章中有关部分相同就下结论。
根据这一特点,我们似乎还可以得出这样一条经验:选项中出现相关句中的原词越多,这个选项越可能是命题人的陷阱。
二、“无中生有”的选项利用考生知道的一些基本常识,设置选项,无中生有。
这就告诉我们:在做题目,看选项时,一定要读原文,一定要根据文章中说到的,一定要注意问题中的“According to the passage,”“In the author’s view,”的提醒。
千万不要因时间来不及,而不读原文,凭主观想象,千万不要根据自己或人们对这一方面的一般看法来套。
阅读理解正确选项的20个特征1.体现中心思想(包括段落中心)的多是答案2.原句重复出现,200%错。
正确的都是有改动的,即同义替换。
3.含义不肯定的大多是答案,如:can, could, may, usually, might, most, more or less, relatively, be likely to含义绝对的大多不是答案:must ,always, never, the most, all ,any ,none ,entirely含义相反的大多是答案4.具体的不是答案,概括性的、抽象的大多是答案5.带有some的大多是答案:someone, somebody ,sometime ,something certain6.简单的大多不是答案,复杂的是答案,字面意思不是答案,含义深刻的大多是答案7.带虚词的大多是答案:another, other, more, either, both, also, beside, additional, extra, different, same, particular, nearly, not enough8.“变化”大多是答案:change, delay, improve, postpone, increase9.“重要的、基础的”大多是答案:important, necessary, essential, basis, be based on10.文章是按顺序出题的。
你要觉得不是,就是你做错了。
11.用文章里举例的句子来作为选项,直接排除。
200%错。
(要有能辨别这个选项是不是文章中例子的能力)。
12.某某人说的话,或者是带引号的,一定要高度重视。
尤其是在段落的后半部分。
很有可能就是某个问题的同意替换。
即题眼。
13.每段的第一句很重要。
尤其总分结构的段。
有的时候第一句话就是题眼。
14.很关键的一条,抓住每段的中心意思,也就是中心句。
每段至少一句,最多2句。
高考英语阅读理解正确选项的十大特征此篇基本涵盖了阅读理解类题目中那些令人纠结的问题,特别适合明明读得很明白却总是做错的同学。
高考这么多年,刷过的人何止万千,一代一代,要知道你走过的坑里满是脚印,从来都不新鲜。
下面的这些小TIPS,就是前辈留给我们的宝贵的关键的提分点。
还请站在过来人的肩膀上,走得更远些。
正确选项的十大特征1. 正确答案通常与文章中心思想,主旨大意,作者对文中论述事物所持的观点态度有关。
注意:这是解题基调,如果作者在文中对整个事物是持积极正面的评价,那么选项中出现消极反面的,与事实相反的肯定不是解。
2. 正确答案所在位置:① 首段段尾句;② 转折处;③ 因果关系处;④ 条件关系处。
3. 正确答案设置的特点往往利用同义词的替换,或者正话反说,反话正说。
4. 正确答案从语义上去理解经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的词:can may might,possible,not necessarily,some尤其是推理题的答案常这样设置,以显示推理题所论述含义的相对性。
5. 正确答案具有概括性(考察考生的理解归纳能力),深刻性,因为其考查的对象是阅读文章的重点和要点。
6. 难的最可能是答案。
这与命题动机有些相似,难的比容易的更能考察考生对语言的理解能力,具体体现在下面几个方面:① 否定的比肯定的难,否定的是答案(包括否定,双重和多重否定)。
② 抽象的比具体的难,抽象深刻的是答案,具体肤浅的不是。
③ 动态变化的比静态的难,动态变化的是答案。
④ 未知难于已知,未知的是答案。
7. 正面积极、符合逻辑的是答案,内容负面消极、不合逻辑的不是答案。
(中考作为国内较高层次的考试,相信没人会冒天下之大不韪,引导考生走向歧途,因此,积极的、与客观真理相符合的是答案)8. 常规的不是答案,观点新且合理的是答案。
(具体情况具体分析)9. 含义与文章内容方向一致的,描述客观的是答案。
10. 选项含义丰富有弹性的是答案,绝对的无端的不是答案。
【高中英语】阅读理解答案的十个特征高考英语阅读题型特征1.一个选项与原文一致,其他三个选项与原文不一致2、四个选项都没有错误,但是某一个选项比其他选项更好些3.四个选项与原文不完全一致,但一个选项相对较好高考在简单的问题中,有很多情况1;然而,在高考中有更多的案例2和案例3。
解题思路及注意事项(1)不要试图从原文中“得到”答案,而是根据多项选择题的内在规律,通过选项比较找到相对最佳的答案。
(2)原文的作用:能很容易地告诉你哪个选项是肯定不对的――与原文一点关系都没有的选项肯定不对,要排除掉;能告诉你哪些选项可能正确――部分意思与原文沾边的选项,留下来比较;原文很难告诉你哪一个选项就肯定是正确答案,除非是极简单的个别题目或者你的英语能力超极高。
(3)答案是比较,而不是从原文中:比较左边哪个选项是最好的,而不是每个选项是否与原文完全一致。
阅读理答案答案的十个特征1.答案体现了中心思想(包括段落的中心);2、照抄原文的不是答案,同义替换的是答案;3.意思不确定答案是什么,例如:你能或多或少相信吗;含义绝对的不是答案:mustalwaysneverthemostallanynone答案恰恰相反;4、具体的不是答案,概括性的、抽象的是答案;5.答案是:某个人,某个身体,某个时间,某个确定的东西;6、简单的不是答案,复杂的是答案,字面意思不是答案,含义深刻的是答案;7.带虚词的答案是:anotherothermoreeitherbothalsobesideadditionalextradifferentsamenearlynotenoug h;8.“改变”是答案:改变延迟改善增加;9、“重要的、基础的”是答案:importantnecessaryessentialbasisbebasedon;10.二选一:反义词是答案;形状相似是答案;同义词就是答案。
阅读理解正确选项的20个特征1.体现中心思想(包括段落中心)的多是答案2.原句重复出现,200%错。
正确的都是有改动的,即同义替换。
3.含义不肯定的大多是答案,如:can, could, may, usually, might, most, more or less, relatively, be likely to含义绝对的大多不是答案:must ,always, never, the most, all ,any ,none ,entirely含义相反的大多是答案4.具体的不是答案,概括性的、抽象的大多是答案5.带有some的大多是答案:someone, somebody ,sometime ,something certain6.简单的大多不是答案,复杂的是答案,字面意思不是答案,含义深刻的大多是答案7.带虚词的大多是答案:another, other, more, either, both, also, beside, additional, extra, different, same, particular, nearly, not enough8.“变化”大多是答案:change, delay, improve, postpone, increase9.“重要的、基础的”大多是答案:important, necessary, essential, basis, be based on10.文章是按顺序出题的。
你要觉得不是,就是你做错了。
11.用文章里举例的句子来作为选项,直接排除。
200%错。
(要有能辨别这个选项是不是文章中例子的能力)。
12.某某人说的话,或者是带引号的,一定要高度重视。
尤其是在段落的后半部分。
很有可能就是某个问题的同意替换。
即题眼。
13.每段的第一句很重要。
尤其总分结构的段。
有的时候第一句话就是题眼。
14.很关键的一条,抓住每段的中心意思,也就是中心句。
每段至少一句,最多2句。
高中英语阅读理解解题技巧高中英语阅读理解解题技巧(1)1. 细节判断题以原文中某一句话或某一个短语为入手点,考查学生对细节的理解。
很多同学在做这种题目时比较喜欢在选项中寻找原文中的句子,但往往照抄原文的句子并不一定是正确选项。
做这类题目时,应关注选项和原句的细微差别,选择与原文意思和所问问题都相符的答案。
2. 单词释义或句意解释题要求考生以上下文内容为参考,尝试理解文中出现的生词、短语或句子。
这类题目的解题关键在于其上下文,因为在考查点前后出现的内容往往是对这个词的解释、说明、举例等。
如When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can't achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. 由前面的other可知distractions是与第一句基本相同的意思,第一句话表达的就是让人注意力分散的事情,下文又提到家庭、爱好,同时提到关键在于集中注意力。
结合上下文可知 distractions意为activities that turn one's attention away。
3. 主旨大意题如果是考查整篇文章的主旨大意,可以把文中每段的首句串起来考虑。
若是仅考查某一段落的中心思想,则可将该段的首、尾句综合起来考虑。
4. 标题选择题标题的选择要遵循“精、准、全”三原则。
“精”是指要用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心;“准”是指标题的选择要注意文章的外延和内涵,不能扩大或缩小文章的内容;“全”是指标题的选择应该排除掉那些片面的选项,而正确地选取能包含文章的主要内容及要表达的观点的选项。
5. 推理判断题题目中常含有infer, conclude, know/learn from the passage,imply等类似的词。
研习专页Ⅰ——高考英语阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征:同义转化同义转化是高考英语阅读理解正确答案的最强特征,这种同义转化关联在传统的阅读理解题型中是答对每一道题目的关键,所以考生应花相当的精力积累同义词汇、表达,对于高考阅读获取高分具有举足轻重的意义。
同义转化实那么是英语语篇的一种语言特征和规律即语言复现现象。
它广泛地表达在英语语篇中的各个角落如语篇中的同义结构〔详见本书P22页的“同义、反义结构例如〞局部〕、题干和原文的同义转化关系、正确答案和原文的同义转化关系。
甚至书面表达局部也要用到“同义转化〞,书面表达有一条重要的评分细那么就是语言的多样化和丰富性,实际上就是“同义转化〞的表达。
以下我们专门辑录了2021年高考英语阅读理解真题原文与题干+正确选项构成同义转化关系的实例,供大家慢慢体会。
〔注:囿于图书篇幅限制,仅列举很小一局部以飨读者。
〕1. 原文:In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars froma number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.〔2021新课标全国卷ⅠD篇〕题干+正确选项:Many scholars are making efforts to rescue disappearing languages.〔2021新课标全国卷Ⅰ32〕对应关系:Many scholars=scholars;making efforts to=In an effort to;rescue=prevent、documenting;disappearing languages=language loss、dying languages;are making〔现在进行时〕时态对应have... been documenting〔现在完成进行时〕2. 原文:The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC).But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important—is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too. 〔2021湖南卷C篇〕题干+正确选项:As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of the behaviour of building users.〔2021湖南卷66〕对应关系:energy use=energy use;the new research from UKERC=new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC)、this report;stresses=according to、shows;the importance= as important as;the behaviour of building users=The behaviour of a building’s users、the behaviour of the people using the building3. 原文:Feedback (反应) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors,could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directlyaffects their energy use.〔2021湖南卷C篇〕题干+正确选项:The information gap in energy use can be bridged by feedback facilities.〔2021湖南卷69〕对应关系:The information gap=this information gap;energy use=energy use;can be bridged by〔被动〕=could help bridge 〔主动〕;feedback facilities=Feedback facilities4. 原文:The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid—we simply weigh too much, and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink. 〔2021重庆卷C篇〕题干+正确选项:Walking on water hasn't become a reality mainly because humans have biological limitations.〔2021重庆卷44〕对应关系:Walking on water=walk on water;hasn't become a reality=prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing;humans=humans;biological limitations=biological facts5. 原文:It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. 〔2021重庆卷E篇〕题干+正确选项:According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to determine one's behavior.〔2021重庆卷52〕对应关系:personalities and attitudes=their personalities and attitudes;are commonly believed to= It's generally believed that;determine one's behavior〔determine暗示因果关系〕=people act the way they do because of〔because of暗示因果关系〕6. 原文:All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things. 〔2021江西卷D 篇〕题干+正确选项:According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to accept technology and advance steadily. 〔2021江西卷70〕对应关系:progress=All these;benefit people=remains true ...in so far as people;when=only;they are willing to=people want to;accept technology=accept technology;advance steadily=move forward7. 原文:As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. 〔2021福建卷E篇〕题干+正确选项:We can learn from the first paragraph that energy policy catches much attention of the public. 〔2021福建卷72〕对应关系:energy policy=energy policy;catches much attention of the public=few issues cause greater concern〔greater暗示比拟级〕8. 原文:Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU ( European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation. 〔2021福建卷E篇〕题干+正确选项:Supporters think that the expansion of wind power agrees with EU targets for non-carbon energy generation. 〔2021福建卷73〕对应关系:Supporters think that=Supporters insist that;the expansion of wind power=wind;agrees with=meeting;EU targets=EU ( European Union) targets;for non-carbon energy generation=for non-carbon energy generation9. 原文:The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. 〔2021湖北卷C篇〕题干+正确选项:Dr. Carter’s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through learning from each other. 〔2021湖北卷62篇〕对应关系:Dr. Carter’s findings=The findings;our culture=culture in societies;might be〔暗示可能性语气〕=may〔暗示可能性语气〕;be formed=the formation of;learning from each other= social learning10. 原文:If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.〔2021安徽卷D篇〕题干+正确选项:By “move things forward 〞in the last paragraph, the author probably means “choose new architectural styles〞. 〔2021安徽卷70〕对应关系:choose new architectural styles=argue against copying previous architectural styles、choose something fresh and different11. 原文:As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.〔2021广东卷D篇〕题干+正确选项:Ebbesmeyer is most famous for phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea. 〔2021广东卷44〕对应关系:Ebbesmeyer is most famous for=Ebbesmeyer has become known as;phoning about= call with questions about;any doubtful objects=any unusual objects;on the sea=found floating in theocean12. 原文:It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world.〔2021天津卷D篇〕题干+正确选项:The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that walking in nature helps enrich one’s mind. 〔2021天津卷53〕对应关系:Henry Thoreau=Henry Thoreau;walking in nature=going on foot、walking;helps enrich one’s mind=showed mankind the richness、learn...13. 原文:To reach our goal of losing weight—the output, we need to control what we eat—the input (输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construct goals. 〔2021北京卷C篇〕题干+正确选项:The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because it is focused too much on the result. 〔2021北京卷63〕对应关系:setting weight loss as a goal=To reach our goal of losing weight;a mistake=a bad way to construct goals;is focused too much on the result〔too much暗示比拟级〕=we tend to care about the output but not to control the input〔but not to暗示比拟级〕14.原文: In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition "depending on who needs it".〔2021辽宁卷C篇〕题干+正确选项:The underlined sentence "the opposite is true" in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees depend on each other. 〔2021辽宁卷29〕对应关系:the opposite is true=the opposite is true;trees depend on each other=trees survive through their co-operation and support=passing around necessary nutrition "depending on who needs it"15. 原文:But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued. 〔2021四川卷A篇〕题干+正确选项:The volunteer s’ primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities to realize their own importance. 〔2021四川卷33〕对应关系:The volunteer s’primary responsibility=your primary concern;is to=is to;people with learning disabilities=them;realize their own importance=know they are valued16. 原文:Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.〔2021江苏卷B篇〕题干+正确选项:According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost〞 is applied to weighing the choice of opportunities. 〔2021江苏卷58〕对应关系:the concept of “opportunity cost〞=the concept of opportunity cost;is applied to=refers to;weighing the choice of opportunities〔weighing暗示比拟级〕=whether... could be better...〔be better暗示比拟级〕17. 原文:In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another. 〔2021江苏卷C 篇〕题干+正确选项:The “duels〞 example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger is socially and culturally shaped. 〔2021江苏卷61〕对应关系:The “duels〞example=duels;the expression of anger=physical expressions of anger;socially and culturally shaped=are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated18. 原文:Some nights, in order to taste my victory morecompletely, I cheated. I would stop at the most exciting part of a story by Jack London or Bret Harte, and without warning tell them that that was as far as I had gone in the book and it would have to be continued the following evening. It was not true, of course; but I had to make certain of my new-found power and position.〔2021浙江卷D篇〕题干+正确选项:Sometimes the writer stopped at the most exciting part of a story to experience more joy of achievement. 〔2021浙江卷59〕对应关系:Sometimes=Some nights;the writer stopped=I would stop;at the most exciting part of a story=at the most exciting part of a story;experience more joy of achievement〔more暗示比拟级〕=taste my victory more completely〔more暗示比拟级〕、make certain of my new-found power and position19. 原文:For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.〔2021上海卷A篇〕题干+正确选项:A plover protects its young from a predator by pretending to be injured. 〔2021上海卷66〕对应关系:A plover=a bird called the plover;protects its young=protect its young;pretending to be injured=pretends to be hurt20. 原文:Why do we put our children through this annual suffering? Some may say competition is character building; or it’s taking part, not winning, that’s important; or that it is a tradition of school life. 〔2021陕西卷D篇〕题干+正确选项:Sports day is still an annul event in this school probably because it is a tradition of the school.〔2021陕西卷58〕对应关系:Sports day=this annual suffering;an annul event in this school=this annual suffering;a tradition of the school=a tradition of school life考生在细细研读完以上的例子和分析之后,相信会产生几点重要启发:1、阅读理解唯一的正确选项一定是加上题干之后等于或约等于原文的信息值。
高考英语阅读理解正确选项与错误选项的特征高考英语阅读理解正确选项的特征1.关键词直接复现2.对原文关键词进行同义替换或转换正确选项特点与识别方法1. 直接复现类可从问题中找到关键词,以此为线索,运用略读及查阅的技巧迅速定位即可。
2. 同义转换类需对原文信息进行准确理解并简单推理,观察词义、词性及语态的变化。
复习时应掌握英语的多种表达法。
高考英语阅读理解错误选项的特征错误选项就是命题人用以干扰你思维的陷阱。
高考英语,由于词汇量的限制,挑选的文章不能过难。
命题人员就在问题和干扰选项上做文章。
使你即使基本读懂文章,也不能轻松做对全部题目。
现在的干扰项不仅语言复杂,而且欺骗性强。
两个语言水平相当,对文章理解差不多的考生会因为对干扰项的辨别能力不同,而答题的正确率不一。
为了提高辨别错误或干扰信息的能力,有必要分析干扰项的种种特征,使我们在种种命题人设置的陷阱面前,做到胸有成竹。
一、“以假乱真”的选项把文章中出现的一些词放在选项里,达到似曾相识的感觉,迷惑考生。
在各种干扰信息中,伪了。
伪造性的信息也就是文章中根本没有的意思,硬是编造出一个信息,组成一个选项,以假乱真,以迷惑和干扰考生。
以假乱真的伪造性信息有两种表现形式。
这就告诉我们:在辨别选项时,一定要琢磨选项的意思,不要因为时间紧,不读完选项的句子,或粗粗一读,只看到几个表面文字与文章中有关部分相同就下结论。
根据这一特点,我们似乎还可以得出这样一条经验:选项中出现相关句中的原词越多,这个选项越可能是命题人的陷阱。
二、“无中生有”的选项利用考生知道的一些基本常识,设置选项,无中生有。
这就告诉我们:在做题目,看选项时,一定要读原文,一定要根据文章中说到的,一定要注意问题中的“Acco rding to the passage,”“In the author’s view,”的提醒。
千万不要因时间来不及,而不读原文,凭主观想象,千万不要根据自己或人们对这一方面的一般看法来套。
⾼三英语阅读理解⽅法技巧总结⾼考英语阅读理解⽅法技巧总结“阅读理解”占据着英语的半壁江⼭,⽽且是⾼考英语试卷的第⼀部分。
“良好的开端是成功的⼀半”,前⾯这个题型解答的顺利与否,直接影响着后⾯其他试题的答题时间和答题⼼态,此类题⽬要以⼀定的词汇量为基础,然后辅之以合适的⽅法技巧,才能准做快做阅读理解类试题,为攻克后⾯的题⽬节省时间。
⼀、英语阅读理解答题思路及步骤【⾼考阅读的基本解题思路】第⼀,扫描提⼲,划关键项。
第⼆,通读全⽂,抓住中⼼。
1. 通读全⽂,抓两个重点:①⾸段(中⼼句、核⼼概念常在第⼀段,常在⾸段出题);②其他各段的段⾸和段尾句。
(其他部分略读,有重点的读)2. 抓住中⼼,⽤⼀分半时间思考3个问题:①⽂章叙述的主要内容是什么?②⽂章中有⽆提到核⼼概念?③作者的⼤致态度是什么?第三,仔细审题,返回原⽂。
(仔细看题⼲,把每道题和原⽂的某处建⽴联系,挂起钩)定位原则:①通常是由题⼲出发,使⽤寻找关键词定位原则。
(关键词:⼤写字母、地名、时间、数字等)②⾃然段定位原则。
出题的顺序与⾏⽂的顺序是基本⼀致的,⼀般每段对应⼀题。
要树⽴定位意识,每⼀题、每⼀选项都要回到原⽂中某⼀处定位。
第四,重叠选项,得出答案。
(重叠原⽂=对照原⽂)1. 通过题⼲返回原⽂:判断四个选项,抓住选项中的关键词,把选项定位到原⽂的某处⽐较,重叠选项,选出答案。
2.作题练习要求:要有选⼀个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由⼆、常考⽂体⽂体1:说明⽂说明⽂是⼀种以说明为主要表达⽅式的⽂章体裁。
他通过对实体事物科学的解说,对客观事物做出说明或对抽象事物进⾏阐述,使⼈们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等有科学的认识,从⽽获得有关的知识。
⽂体特点与阅读策略:(1)语⾔特点:阅读理解主要考察考⽣对词汇和句式的掌握和运⽤情况。
说明⽂由于句式复杂等特点,相对于其他体裁的⽂章来说难度更⼤。
(2)结构特点:客观。
高考英语阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征:同义转化同义转化是高考英语阅读理解正确答案的最强特征,这种同义转化关联在传统的阅读理解题型中是答对每一道题目的关键,所以考生应花相当的精力积累同义词汇、表达,对于高考阅读获取高分具有举足轻重的意义。
同义转化实则是英语语篇的一种语言特征和规律即语言复现现象。
它广泛地体现在英语语篇中的各个角落如语篇中的同义结构(详见本书P22页的“同义、反义结构示例”部分)、题干和原文的同义转化关系、正确答案和原文的同义转化关系。
甚至书面表达部分也要用到“同义转化”,书面表达有一条重要的评分细则就是语言的多样化和丰富性,实际上就是“同义转化”的体现。
以下我们专门辑录了2014年高考英语阅读理解真题原文与题干+正确选项构成同义转化关系的实例,供大家慢慢体会。
(注:囿于图书篇幅限制,仅列举很小一部分以飨读者。
)1. 原文:In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.(2014新课标全国卷ⅠD篇)题干+正确选项:Many scholars are making efforts to rescue disappearing languages.(2014新课标全国卷Ⅰ32)对应关系:Many scholars=scholars;making efforts to=In an effort to;rescue=prevent、documenting;disappearing languages=language loss、dying languages;are making(现在进行时)时态对应have... beendocumenting(现在完成进行时)2. 原文:The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC).But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important—is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too. (2014湖南卷C篇)题干+正确选项:As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of the behaviour of building users.(2014湖南卷66)对应关系:energy use=energy use;the new research from UKERC=new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC)、this report;stresses=according to、shows;the importance= as important as;the behaviour of building users=The behaviour of a building’s users、the behaviour of the people using the building3. 原文:Feedback (反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors,could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use.(2014湖南卷C篇)题干+正确选项:The information gap in energy use can be bridged by feedback facilities.(2014湖南卷69)对应关系:The information gap=this information gap;energy use=energy use;can be bridged by(被动)=could help bridge(主动);feedback facilities=Feedback facilities4. 原文:The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid—we simply weigh too much, and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink. (2014重庆卷C篇)题干+正确选项:Walking on water hasn't become a reality mainly because humans have biological limitations.(2014重庆卷44)对应关系:Walking on water=walk on water;hasn't become a reality=prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing;humans=humans;biological limitations=biological facts5. 原文:It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. (2014重庆卷E篇)题干+正确选项:According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to determine one's behavior.(2014重庆卷52)对应关系:personalities and attitudes=their personalities and attitudes;are commonly believed to= It's generally believed that;determine one's behavior(determine暗示因果关系)=people act the way they do because of(because of暗示因果关系)6. 原文:All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want toaccept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things. (2014江西卷D篇)题干+正确选项:According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to accept technology and advance steadily. (2014江西卷70)对应关系:progress=All these;benefit people=remains true ...in so far as people;when=only;they are willing to=people want to;accept technology=accept technology;advance steadily=move forward7. 原文:As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. (2014福建卷E篇)题干+正确选项:We can learn from the first paragraph that energy policy catches much attention of the public. (2014福建卷72)对应关系:energy policy=energy policy;catches much attention of the public=few issues cause greater concern(greater暗示比较级)8. 原文:Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU ( European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation. (2014福建卷E篇)题干+正确选项:Supporters think that the expansion of wind power agrees with EU targets for non-carbon energy generation. (2014福建卷73)对应关系:Supporters think that=Supporters insist that;the expansion ofwind power=wind;agrees with=meeting;EU targets=EU ( European Union) targets;for non-carbon energy generation=for non-carbon energy generation9. 原文:The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. (2014湖北卷C篇)题干+正确选项:Dr. Carter’s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through learning from each other. (2014湖北卷62篇)对应关系:Dr. Carter’s findings=The findings;our culture=culture in societies;might be(暗示可能性语气)=may(暗示可能性语气);be formed=the formation of;learning from each other= social learning 10. 原文:If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.(2014安徽卷D篇)题干+正确选项:By “move things forward ” in the last paragraph, the author probably means “c hoose new architectural styles”. (2014安徽卷70)对应关系:choose new architectural styles=argue against copying previous architectural styles、choose something fresh and different11. 原文:As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.(2014广东卷D篇)题干+正确选项:Ebbesmeyer is most famous for phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea. (2014广东卷44)对应关系:Ebbesmeyer is most famous for=Ebbesmeyer has become known as;phoning about= call with questions about;any doubtful objects=any unusual objects;on the sea=found floating in the ocean 12. 原文:It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world.(2014天津卷D篇)题干+正确选项:The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that walking in nature helps enrich one’s mind. (2014天津卷53)对应关系:Henry Thoreau=Henry Thoreau;walking in nature=going on foot、walking;helps enrich one’s mind=showed mankind the richness、learn...13. 原文:To reach our goal of losing weight—the output, we need to control what we eat—the input (输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construct goals. (2014北京卷C篇)题干+正确选项:The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because it is focused too much on the result. (2014北京卷63)对应关系:setting weight loss as a goal=To reach our goal of losing weight;a mistake=a bad way to construct goals;is focused too much onthe result(too much暗示比较级)=we tend to care about the output but not to control the input(but not to暗示比较级)14.原文:In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition "depending on who needs it".(2014辽宁卷C篇)题干+正确选项:The underlined sentence "the opposite is true" in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees depend on each other. (2014辽宁卷29)对应关系:the opposite is true=the opposite is true;trees depend on each other=trees survive through their co-operation and support=passing around necessary nutrition "depending on who needs it"15. 原文:But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued. (2014四川卷A篇)题干+正确选项:The volunteer s’ primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities to realize their own importance. (2014四川卷33)对应关系:The volunteer s’ primary responsibility=your primary concern;is to=is to;people with learning disabilities=them;realize their own importance=know they are valued16. 原文:Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else. (2014江苏卷B篇)题干+正确选项:According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to weighing the choice of opportunities. (2014江苏卷58)对应关系:the concept of “opportunity cost”=the concept of opportunity cost;is applied to=refers to;weighing the choice of opportunities (weighing暗示比较级)=whether... could be better...(be better暗示比较级)17. 原文:In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another. (2014江苏卷C篇)题干+正确选项:The “duels”example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger is socially and culturally shaped. (2014江苏卷61)对应关系:The “duels” example=duels;the expression of anger=physical expressions of anger;socially and culturally shaped=are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated18. 原文:Some nights, in order to taste my victory more completely, I cheated. I would stop at the most exciting part of a story by Jack London or Bret Harte, and without warning tell them that that was as far as I had gone in the book and it would have to be continued the following evening. It was not true, of course; but I had to make certain of my new-foundpower and position. (2014浙江卷D篇)题干+正确选项:Sometimes the writer stopped at the most exciting part of a story to experience more joy of achievement. (2014浙江卷59)对应关系:Sometimes=Some nights;the writer stopped=I would stop;at the most exciting part of a story=at the most exciting part of a story;experience more joy of achievement(more暗示比较级)=taste my victory more completely(more暗示比较级)、make certain of my new-found power and position19. 原文:For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.(2014上海卷A篇)题干+正确选项:A plover protects its young from a predator by pretending to be injured. (2014上海卷66)对应关系:A plover=a bird called the plover;protects its young=protect its young;pretending to be injured=pretends to be hurt20. 原文:Why do we put our children through this annual suffering? Some may say competition is character building; or it’s taking part, not winning, that’s important; or that it is a tradition of school life. (2014陕西卷D篇)题干+正确选项:Sports day is still an annul event in this school probably because it is a tradition of the school.(2014陕西卷58)对应关系:Sports day=this annual suffering;an annul event in this school=this annual suffering;a tradition of the school=a tradition ofschool life。