毕业设计—zlf

中国地质大学北京毕业设计分类号密级本科毕业设计题目某音乐厅基坑地下连续墙设计英文题目AFoundationWallDeignOfConcertEngineering学生姓名院（系）工程技术学院专业土木工程学号指导教师徐能雄职称教授二〇一五年五月摘要本文较为完整得设计了一个基坑工程的支护设计。

包括设计方案的选择、连续墙设计、配筋设计、锚杆设计以及基坑稳定性四大方面的内容，并根据设计计算提供基坑设计相关数据表格和图纸供审阅和参考。

首先介绍了某音乐厅工程概况，包括水文地质和工程地质条件，然后根据实际情况以及施工方法，选择出了适合本工程的开挖支护方案。

参照《土力学》对场地土压力进行计算，采用等值梁法进行结构内力的计算，对基坑的开挖支护作了理论上的数据分析，然后参照相关规范对连续墙结构尺寸和配筋进行设计。

锚杆支撑是本工程重要的一部分，本设计包括锚杆形式设计、杆体配筋设计、自由段长度设计、锚固段长度设计等。

所有设计完成后进行基坑稳定性校核，如果不满足相关规范要求，则需要重新设计地下连续墙数据。

关键词：地下连续墙；等值梁法；锚杆支撑；稳定性验算ABSTRACTFirtintroducedinaconcerthallprojectoverview,includinghydroge ologyandengineeringgeology,thenaccordingtotheactualituationandth econtructionmethodforelectingaprogramofe某cavationandupportforthiproject.Referto\mechanic\oftheiteearthpreureicalculateduingtheequiva lentbeamtructureforcethecalculationmethodofthee某cavationpitweretheoreticallyupportdataanalyi,andreferencetothere levantpecificationofthecontinuouwalltructureizeandditributionrib deign.Keyword:Diaphragmwall;Theequivalentbeammethod;Boltingupporti ng；Stabilitychecking目录1工程概况............................................................. .. (2)1.1工程概述 (2)1.2工程地质条件........................................................21.3水文地质条件........................................................22基坑支护结构设计. (4)2.1结构设计方法........................................................42.2基坑支护结构内力计算 (4)2.2.1荷载及相关参数................................................42.2.2结构内力计算..................................................42.2.3嵌固深度计算.................................................132.2.4弯矩和剪力图.................................................142.3结构配筋计算. (14)2.3.1结构截面设计.................................................142.3.2结构纵筋设计.................................................142.3.3箍筋设计.....................................................162.4导墙和接头设计.. (17)2.4.1导槽设计.....................................................172.4.2连续墙接头设计...............................................172.5锚杆设计.. (18)2.5.1锚杆承载力计算...............................................182.5.2锚杆拉筋设计.................................................192.5.3锚杆自由段长度设计...........................................192.5.4锚杆锚固段长度设计...........................................212.5.5锚杆参数终设计.. (24)3基坑支护结构稳定性验算 (26)3.1整体稳定性验算.....................................................263.2抗倾覆稳定性验算...................................................263.3坑底土隆起稳定性验算...............................................303.4抗渗流稳定性验算...................................................31结论.............................................................. ........33致谢.............................................................. ..........34参考文献.............................................................. ......35附图：附图Ⅰ平面布置图附图Ⅱ连续墙支撑布置图附图Ⅲ连续墙细部构造图附图Ⅳ连续墙配筋图附图Ⅴ锚杆安装图绪论随着社会的不断发展，基坑工程已经成为建筑领域中不可缺少的一部分，无论是楼房，亦或是其他用途的建筑，都离不开基坑支护，而基坑支护的重要性也绝对不是空口无凭的。

Aspects to improve cabin comfort of wheel loaders andexcavators according to operatorsAbstractComfort plays an increasingly important role in interior design of earth moving equipment. Although research has been conducted on vehicle interiors of wheel loa- ders and excavators, hardly any information is known about the operator’s opinion. In this study a questionnaire was completed by machine operators to get their opinion about aspects which need to be improved in order to design a more comfortable vehi- cle interior. The results show that almost half of the operators rate the comfort of th- eir cabin‘‘average’’ or ‘‘poor’’. According to the operators, cab comfort of wheel loaders can be increased by improving seat comfort. Besides improving seat comfort, cabin comfort of excavators can be improved by changing the cab design (including dimensions, ingress/egress), view, reliability, and climate control.Keywords: Cabin comfort; Operators’ opinion; Earth moving equipmen t.1. IntroductionComfort plays an increasingly important role in vehicle design. As machine operators of earth moving equipment often spend long hours in their vehicle— some- times even more than 8 h a day—comfort is a major issue in interior design of these machines.Operating earth-moving machinery is not a physically heavy job and can be sustained for long periods.Nevertheless, operating such a machine appears to be a risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders, especially when the task is not interrupted by other working activities or breaks. Zimmerman et al. (1997) showed that the main problems of earth-moving machinery operators concern physical complaints in the neck/ shoulder and low back region, general fatigue and feelings of discomfort. This might be attributed to a combination of static load during prolonged sitting— frequ- ently in awkward postures—exposure to whole body vibrations, and handling and steering the machine(Zimmerman et al., 1997; Tola et al., 1988; de Looze et al.,2000).A comfortable well-designed vehicle interior may reduce awkward postures and provide an environment that stimulates optimal operator performance. Based on a literature review about musculoskeletal disorders and their risk factors, Zimmerman et al. (1997) made four recommendations for reducing work-related musculoskeletal disorders among operators: minimizing of magnitude and frequency of vibration rea- ching the operator; locating controls optimally to minimize reach distances, trunkflexion and trunk rotation; providing maximum operator visibility from an upright supported seated posture; and taking regular breaks to minimize the effects of sus- tained postures. Improvements of cab comfort are very often based on reducing the risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (Zimmerman et al., 1997; Attebrant et al., 1997). Only a few studies have mentioned aspects which operators wishto see improved. Nakada (1997) describes the desirability ranking for dump trucks and wheel loaders given by product creators, designers, design engineers, operators and young people. Nakada, (1997) shows that much design attention has been paid to instrument panel/monitors and meters and the operator seat. Unfor- tunately, the operators’ opinions cannot be distinguished in Nakada’s study (1997).However, in order to design a comfortable vehicle interior, the opinion of the operators is important as they are the end-users of the machines. Their user expe- rience may be of great help designing a more comfortable vehicle interior. The aim of the current study is to find aspects mentioned by wheel loader and excavator ope- rators, which can be used to improve the comfort of vehicle interiors in the future. In this article we describe the results of a questionnaire given to 273 machine operators. They were asked their opinion about their current machine, their future demands and aspects they considered important to work well with the machine. This allowed us to identify aspects that need improvement in machine design.2. Method2.1. SubjectsA convenience sample was obtained through approaching operators visiting Ba-uma (the world’s largest exhibition for construction equipment). Most of the parti- cipants were wheel loader operators (n = 61) and excavator operators (n=212). The others (n = 65) were operators of several construction machines (e.g., mobile cranes, dozers, tower cranes, off-road trucks). Only the results for wheel loader and excava- tor operators are presented in this article, as they account for 18% and 62.7% of the total number of respondents respectively. Figs. 1 and 2 show a typical wheel loader and excavator.2.2. QuestionnaireData were collected by means of a questionnaire which was completed during an interview. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: (1) characteristics of the population, (2) evaluation of the current machine being operated, and (3) future de- mands on earthmoving machinery. In the first part we asked the operator’s age, y ears of experience as operator, the kind of machinery being operated and its age. In the se- cond part of the questionnaire, operators evaluated their machine by rating overall comfort and their opinion of specific parts of the machine on a four-point scale (very good, good, average, poor). Finally, two open questions asked about the operator’s f- uture demands: what improvements would make the machine more comfortable and what aspects are the most important to work well with the machine.2.3. Data analysisData were sorted by machine type, after which the responses of wheel loader operators and excavator operators were separately analyzed. Within these groups, operators of older machinery (≥4 years old) were separated from operators of newer machinery (〈4 ye ars old). In addition, the categories ‘‘very good’’ and‘‘good’’ were combined (‘‘very good/good’’) and the categories ‘‘average’’ and ‘‘poor’’ were com- bined(‘‘average/poor’’).Frequency tables were made of the operators opinions about overall machine comfort and about their opinions about specific parts of their machines. Chi-square was calculated between age of machine and overall comfort and between age of ma- chine and the operators’ opinion of specific parts of the machine. We assumed that if fewer than 80% of the operators rated a part of the machine ‘‘good/very good’’, im- provement of this part could contribute to a more comfortable vehicle interior. In part three of the questionnaire, the operators indicated aspects to improve machine com- fort a nd aspects they found necessary to work well with the machine. We classifiedthese aspects into categories and calculated the percentage responses.3. Results3.1. Characteristics of the populationBoth the wheel loader operators (mean age: 36.5±9.4 years) and the excavator operators (mean age: 36.3±9.3 years) who participated in this study, were experien- ced with a mean of 12.3 (±8.1) and 13.4 (±9.2) years of service, respectively. Half of the operators operate machines less than 4 years old (53% of the wheel loader and 50% of the excavator operators).3.2. Evaluation of current machine57.4% of wheel loader operators and 55.9% of the excavator operators rated the overall cabin comfort‘‘good/very good’’. It shows that operators of newer machinery (<4 years old) rated the overall cab comfort as ‘‘good/very good’’ more often than operators of older machines (≥4 years old). This was found both among wheel load- ers (χ2(1)=8.5,p<0.04) and among excavators (χ2(1)=23.0,p<0.001).Seventy-eight percent of the operators driving wheel loaders less than 4 years old, rated the comfort of their machine a s ‘‘good/very good’’.With excavator operators this figure was 81%. These results show that during recent years the experienced cab comfort of excavat- ors and wheel loaders has improved.It illustrates the opinion of the operators about specific parts of the machines less than 4 years old.Fewer aspects of wheel loaders are rated‘‘average/poor’’ by more than 20% of the operators, than excavators. Com- mon aspects which can contribute to increase of cab comfort are dashboard and dis- plays, adjustability of seats and controls, vibration and damping, noise reduction, and seat comfort. Excavator operators would also like to see improvement of climate co- ntrol, improved machine appearance, and better cab dimensions (including interior space, ingress/egress),view, and reliability.3.3. Future demandsThe participants generated 467 items desired to improve the machine’s comfort. We classified these aspects into 15 categories (see Table 2). It shows which features。

本科毕业设计(论文)题目:姓名:学院:专业:班级:学号:指导教师: 职称:二○一年月日摘□要（“摘要”之间空两格，采用三号字、黑体、居中，与下面具体内容空一行）□□×××××××××（内容采用小四号宋体，300-500字，1.5倍行距）×××××；×××××；×××××；×××××；（采用小四号、宋体、接排，3-5个关键词）ABSTRACT（采用三号字、Times New Roman字体、加黑、居中、与下面具体内容空一行）□□×××××××××（内容采用小四号Times New Roman字体，1.5倍行距。

）×××××；×××××；×××××；×××××；采用小四号、Times New Roman字体、接排小四号、Times New Roman、加黑、顶格目录（三号、黑体、居中、“目录”两字中间空两格、与下面具体内容空一行。

1.5倍行距。

）引言（或绪论） (1)第一章☆☆☆（四号、宋体、粗体）……………………………………………Y 1 ×××××（小四号、宋体）…………………………………………………………Y 1.1 ×××××（小四号、宋体）…………………………………………………………Y 1.2……………………………………………………………………………Y 1.2.1 ×××××（小四号、宋体）………………………………………………………Y 1.2.2 ×××××………………………………………………………………………Y 1.2.3 ×××××………………………………………………………………………Y 第二章☆☆☆（四号、宋体、粗体）……………………………………………Y 2 ×××××（小四号、宋体）…………………………………………………………Y 2.1 ×××××（小四号、宋体）…………………………………………………………Y 2.2……………………………………………………………………………Y 2.2.1 ×××××（小四号、宋体）……………………………………………………Y……………………………………………………………………………………………………………（略）结论（四号、宋体）……………………………………………………………………Y 致谢（四号、宋体）…………………………………………………………………Y 参考文献（四号、宋体）…………………………………………………………Y 附录 A ××××（必要时）…………………………………………………………Y 图1 ××××（必要时）………………………………………………………………Y 表1 ××××（必要时）………………………………………………………………Y（本行下面插入了一个分节符，下面的内容不要删除，换行符也不要删除）1 ☆☆☆（一级标题，小二号、黑体）1.1 ☆☆☆（二级标题：小三号、黑体）1.1.1 ☆☆☆（三级标题：四号、黑体）□□☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆正文（正文采用小四号、宋体，段落为：1.5倍行距，段前、段后均为0磅）××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××表1.3□□××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××。

唐 山 学 院毕 业 设 计设计题目：棒材飞剪机的设计系 别：_________________________班 级：_________________________姓 名：_________________________指 导 教 师：_________________________2010年11月 1 日邱常明 你的姓名 08机电 机电一体化棒材飞剪机的设计摘要棒材飞剪机是现代轧钢生产线上的咽喉设备，它负责钢材的切头切尾及定尺剪切。

在高速轧线上，确保飞剪的定尺剪切精度，对提高轧钢厂的成材率具有十分重要的意义。

本课题从机械设计和气动控制等各个方面找出影响剪切精度的因素，从而设计出启停特性好的飞剪机，并对飞剪的控制进行一定的分析研究以确保飞剪的定尺精度。

本课题的研究具有较高的应用价值，同时对飞剪的设计制造具有一定的指导意义，并可为企业提高成材率，进而创造经济效益。

而且，由于本课题综合运用了机电气的相关知识，通过对飞剪机的精度控制分析,提出了一些响应的改进方法,值得在实际的设计制造中借鉴,提出了几种飞剪机设计的新思路,可供参考。

相关词:飞剪机棒材精度控制剪切精度Strong material fly to cut machineAbstractStrong material fly to cut machine is the throat equipment on the modern production line of steel rolling, it responsible steel material cut head cut end and scale cut. On rolling line with high speed ensure to fly the scale that cuts cut precision, for rising steel rolling mill become useful to lead have very important meaning. This program is from mechanical design and is pneumatic to find out influence with every aspects such as electrical control to cut the factor of precision, so devise to start stop property good fly to cut machine, and as flying , the control that cut carries out certain analysis research so as ensure to fly the scale precision that cut.The research of this program has higher application value, at the same time as flying , the design production that cut has certain guidance meaning, and can become useful for enterprise raising to lead , and then create economic benefits. , since this program is synthesized with the related knowledge of Electromechanical air, pass for fly to cut machine precision control analysis, have put forward some improvement methods of responding , deserve to refer to in actual design production, have put forward some kinds of fly to cut the new train of thought of machine design, for reference.Key words:Fly to cut machine Strong material Precision is controled Cutprecision目录引言 (1)1 任务的提出 (2)1.1飞剪机的工业作用和分类 (2)1.2飞剪机应满足的设计要求 (2)1.3飞剪机设计任务书 (2)2 飞剪机机构的选型 (3)2.1剪切机构的结构选型 (3)2.2飞剪机工作方式的选择 (3)3 飞剪机机械系统的设计 (6)3.1飞剪机系统设计总的要求 (6)3.2飞剪机基本参数的确定与选择 (6)3.2.1基本参数的确定 (7)3.2.2力能参数的计算 (9)3.2.3电动机功率选择 (11)3.2.4飞轮力矩的确定 (12)3.3齿轮的确定和齿轮间隙的清除 (14)3.3.1传动齿轮参数的确定 (14)3.3.2齿侧间隙的消除的方法和调整 (14)3.4剪切机构剪刃动点轨迹的运动分析与优化 (15)3.4.1曲柄式剪切机构剪刃动点轨迹计算式 (16)3.4.2剪切机构动点轨迹分析 (19)4 飞剪机气动系统的设计 (20)4.1飞剪机的启动对离合器性能的要求 (20)4.2飞剪机的制动特性对制动器的要求 (20)4.3飞剪机对气动系统的气压高低和稳定的要求 (20)谢辞 (23)参考文献 (24)引言飞剪机是在轧件运动中对轧件实施剪切工艺的一种设备，是连续式轧钢生产线上不可缺少的，非常关键的设备之一。

河南城建学院本科毕业设计（论文）撰写规范化要求毕业设计（论文）作为一种理论与实践相结合的教学环节，是对学生综合运用所学知识解决本专业实际问题能力的检验，是学习深化和知识提高的重要过程。

为进一步统一、规范我院本科生毕业设计（论文）的格式，保证毕业设计（论文）的质量，便利信息系统的收集、存储、利用、交流、传播，参照《中华人民共和国标准科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文的编写格式》和《中华人民共和国文后参考文献著录规则》的相关规定，特制订本要求。

一、毕业设计（论文）的基本要求（一）毕业设计（论文）是作者本人独立完成的设计或研究成果，应具有自身的系统性和完整性。

（二）毕业设计（论文）应提供新的科技信息，其内容应有所发现、有所发明、有所前进、有所创新，而不是重复、模仿抄袭前人的工作。

（三）毕业设计（论文）应采用最新颁布的汉语简化文字、符合《出版物汉字使用管理规定》，由作者在计算机上输入、编排、打印完成。

设计（论文）内容观点明确、逻辑推理严谨、文字简练、层次分明、说理透彻，数据真实可靠。

（四）毕业设计（论文）字数：理工类不少于10000字；文管类不少于15000字；外语类不少于8000个外语单词；艺术类不少于5000字。

（五）参考文献：对理工类论文，参考文献数量一般为10篇以上，其中学术期刊类文献不少于6篇，外文文献不少于3篇；对文科、管理类论文，参考文献数量一般为15—20篇，其中学术期刊类文献不少于8篇，外文文献不少于3篇。

二、毕业设计（论文）构成设计（论文）由两部分构成，按设计（论文）中先后顺序排列分别为：（一）前置部分：包括封面（题目）、毕业设计（论文）任务书、成绩评定表、中文摘要与关键词、英文摘要与关键词、目录、插图和附表清单(必要时) 、符号、标志、缩略词、首字母缩写、计量、单位、术语、名词等注释表(必要时) 。

（二）主体部分：包括引言（或绪论）、正文、结论（必要时）、参考文献、致谢、附录(必要时)三、毕业设计（论文）撰写的内容与要求（一）前置部分1．封面（题目）题目须以最恰当、最简明的词语来反映设计（论文）中最重要的特定内容，所用每一词必须考虑到有助于选定关键词和编制题录、索引等二次文献可以提供检索的特定实用信息，一般不宜超过20字。

1 引言近几十年来，我国的汽车工业得到了及其巨大的发展，由最开始的一无所有到现在的百花齐放、各种科技技术创新，各种工艺装配以及生产技术起到了不可替代的作用。

汽车发动机作为汽车的核心部件，它的生产效率很大程度上决定了汽车的生产效率。

在装配线上面，工人需要将发动机进行各种角度的翻转来进行零部件的安装、调试，而发动机往往笨重且脆弱，不能依靠人工来进行翻转。

翻转机的诞生，极大的提高了生产效率并且降低了工人的劳动强度，为社会创造了众多的财富。

1.1、设计翻转机的程序一部机器的质量基本上决定于设计质量。

制造过程对机器质量所起的作用，本质上就在于实现设计时所规定的质量。

因此，机器的设计阶段是决定机器好坏的关键。

1.1.1、180度翻转机的工作原理本装备利用电动机带动一个带有托辊的笼框，笼中装有由生产线输送来的发动机，电机的旋转带动笼子旋转从而实现发动机的旋转。

工作过程是生产线上游将发动机输送过来，翻转机检测到发动机进入到笼子之中后，电机启动将动力经过减速器、齿轮副的减速之后输出动力将笼子连同发动机旋转180度后停止转动，此时工人将发动机拉出，以此实现一个工作周期。

翻转一般分为三段：1发动机送入，2 旋转，3发动机送出。

1.1.2、设计准备阶段在根据生产或生活的需要提出所要设计的新机器后，计划阶段只是一个预备阶段。

此时，对所要设计的机器仅有一个模糊的概念。

通过在这大四有限的时间里，我对翻转机做了一些基本的了解，对它的性能方面也着重的研究。

1.1.3、方案设计阶段目前翻转机种类众多，但是大多依靠于国外进口，虽然其自动化程度较高，但是价格高昂并且机构复杂，需要专用的零部件以及专业维修人员，维护并不方便。

对于机器，其实越简单，出错的可能性就越小，对于翻转机，结构简单，操作方便，对于小型的发动机生产公司是首选。

综合目前国内的翻转机，有以下几种类型图1-1 齿轮式翻转机图1-2皮带式翻转机图1-3链条式翻转机这几种类型的翻转机方案是比较常见的，其主要区别在于它的传动方式。

太原理工大学毕业设计（论文）设计说明书 设计(论文)题目：注：居中，黑体，小初号。

1.25倍行距。

注：居中，华文行楷，初号。

1.25倍行距。

注：居中，黑体，初号。

1.25倍行距。

注：居中，黑体，二号。

1.25倍行距。

在使用此模板时，建议在“选项”菜单，“视图”选项卡内将“域底纹”选为“始终显示”太原理工大学毕业设计（论文）任务书第2页摘 要采用插入“分节符”——“下一页”类型，与前面的设计任务书相区别，便于页面编号。

本页的页码编号及英文摘要的编号采用罗马字符“Ⅰ、Ⅱ”的形式。

“摘要”是摘要部分的标题，不可省略。

标题“摘要”选用模板中的样式所定义的“标题1”，再居中；或者手动设置成字体：黑体，居中，字号：四号，单倍行距，段前、段后为0行。

摘要是毕业设计（论文）的缩影，文字要简练、明确。

内容要包括目的、方法、结果和结论。

单位采用国际标准计量单位制，除特别情况外，数字一律用阿拉伯数码。

文中不允许出现插图。

重要的表格可以写入。

摘要正文选用模板中的样式所定义的“正文”，每段落首行缩进2个汉字；或者手动设置成每段落首行缩进2个汉字，字体：宋体，字号：小四，行距：单倍行距，间距：段前、段后均为0行，取消网格对齐选项。

摘要篇幅以一页为限，字数为300字左右。

摘要正文后，列出3-5个关键词。

“关键词：”是关键词部分的引导，不可省略。

关键词请尽量用《汉语主题词表》等词表提供的规范词。

关键词与摘要之间空一行。

关键词词间用分号间隔，末尾不加标点，3-5个；黑体，小四，加粗。

注：论文英文题目。

三号，Times New Roman，居中对齐，单倍行距，注意单词首字母大写阅后删除此文本框。

Please Input English TitleBased on the measurement data of Nanfeng District of Wuyang Coal Mine, Luan Coal Mining Administration, the gas emission forecast method of the initial velocity with the initial velocity method is introduced, and the application of this method has important practical significance of working out the plan and further prevention and control of mine gas.Key words: key word 1; key word 2；key word 2; key word 4外文摘要要求用英文书写，内容应与“中文摘要”对应。

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