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牛津译林版英语七年级上学期期末测试卷第Ⅰ卷（选择题部分）听力A) 根据听到的内容, 选择正确的图片或正确的答案, 听两遍.1. Which club is Millie in?A B C2. When does the girl get up at weekends?A B C3. What does Sandy want to buy for her mum?A B C4. How will the man probably（可能）go to the City Library?A B C5. Which festival is it tomorrow?A. The Dragon Boat Festival.B. The Mid-Autumn FestivalC. The Spring Festival6. Whose scarf is this?A. David's.B. Lily's.C. Lucy's7. Where is Mike now?A. At home.B. At school.C. In the street.8. How is the weather now?A. It's sunny.B. It's cloudy.C. It's rainy.9. Who will wash the clothes today?A. Father.B. Mother.C. Peter.10. What do we know from the talk?A.The man is good at cooking.B. There's nothing to eat at home.C. The woman likes to go out for dinner. B. 听下面3段对话或短文.每段对话或短文后各有几道小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.（每段对话或短文读两遍）听一段对话, 回答第11～12小题.11. Where are they talking?A. In a shop.B. In a restaurant.C. In a cinema.12. How long does the man have to wait?A. For 10 minutes.B. For 20 minutes.C. For 30 minutes.听第一篇短文, 回答第13～15小题.请根据短文内容, 选择正确答案, 完成信息记录表.13. A. the underground B. a taxi C. a train14. A. visits other companies B. plays sports C. has meetings15. A. at 10:30 p.m. B. before 11:30 p.m. C. after 11:30 p.m.听第二篇短文, 回答第16～20小题.16. Who is Patch?A. Alice's classmate.B. Alice's brother.C. Alice's pet dog.17. Where can we see a big wet puddle（泥泞）every morning?A. On the wall.B. On the floor.C. On Mum's new rug.18. How often do we go for a walk in the park?A. Sometimes.B. Every day.C. Every week.19. Why isn’t my brother happy?A. Because Patch chews (咬) his new trainers.B. Because Patch plays with his rubbish bin.C. Because Patch leaves dirty footprints on their floor.20. What does the writer think of Patch?A. He isn't naughty (顽皮的) or sweet.B. He is very naughty but sweet.C. He is very naughty and not sweet.单项选择1.Every morning. Jack exercises for about hour and then he walks to ______ school.A. an; /B. a; theC. an; theD. a; /2.We'll have the Term Ending Ceremony (散学典礼) ______ 2:30 __________ the afternoon of 25 January.A. at; inB. at; onC. on; inD. on; on3.-Excuse me, are there any bookshops nearby?-Yes. There is ___________ near our school, just at the corner of the street.A. oneB. itC. someD. any4.-What's your _______________?-I am going to be a model when I grow up.A. hobbyB. ageC. designD. dream5.The bread __________ nice. I'd like to have another piece.A. tastesB. looksC. seemsD. feels6.Young children cannot __________ fireworks if their parents are not with them.A. think aboutB. talk ofC. find outD. let off7.-I didn't find the book Next Door in the library. Can I ____________ yours?-OK, I'll bring it here tomorrow.A. carryB. borrowC. collectD. lend8.-___________does your father go on a picnic with you?- Twice a year. He is always busy with his work.A. How farB. How longC. How oftenD. How much9.How many syllables does the word “watermelon” have?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.10.—Dad, we’ll have a basketball match this Saturday?—Really? _______________A. Best wishes!B. Have a good time.C. You’re welcome.D. Wish your team good luck.完形填空“Who would you like to change your life with if possible?” Last week, we asked many middle school students this question. The following are some of their ___11___.Zhang Yike, 12I want to change my life with my friend, Wang Xiaohui. She is studying in England now. She has been to many ___12___, such as the USA and France. They are the places I wish to visit. And she ___13___ very good English. I can visit many beautiful countries, eat delicious food and meet different kinds of people there ___14___ I change my life with her.Qiu Haoran, 14I’d like to change my life with my Chinese teacher Miss Zhao. Miss Zhao is a very kind lady. She ___15___ a lot because she likes reading and travelling. She always tries to make her classes lively and ___16___. We all like her classes. I also want to be a nice teacher and be popular with my ____17____.Tan Bo, 13I will change my life with my elder brother. My brother is a college (大学) student now. He does have to go to___18___ all the time. He can study the subjects he is interested in. And he even has a part-time job to make money.To ___19___ , all of these sound very interesting. I really want a life ___20___ that.11. A. answers B. problems C. questions D. changes12. A. countries B. villages C. towns D. cities13. A. saysB. speaksC. learnsD. tells14. A. when B. because C. if D. after15. A. teaches B. knows C. thinks D. asks16. A. busy B. difficult C. important D. interesting17. A. parents B. friends C. classmates D. students18. A. work B. class C. libraries D. meetings19. A. me B. him C. you D. them20. A. at B. on C. for D. like阅读理解.AAfter-school ActivitiesAre you interested in ball games?Teacher: Mr. BrownPlace: On the PlaygroundTime:Monday, 16: 00-18:00Age: Over 10 years oldWould you like to be a dancer?Teacher: Miss, MillerPlace: In the gymTime: Friday, 19:00-21:00Age: Over 5 years oldAre you good at painting? Teacher: Mr. GreenPlace: In the art roomTime: Sunday, 8:00 - 10:00 Age: Over 4 years old, under 14 Do you enjoy playing chess? Teacher: Mrs. SmithPlace: In the libraryTime:Saturday, 15:30 -18:00Age: Over 6 years old, under 1021. If Alice wants to learn to dance, how old does she have to be?A. Over four.B. Over five.C. Over six.D. Over ten.22. Cindy is interested in drawing pictures, where can she go on Sundays?A. To the library.B. To the art room.C. To the gym.D. To the playground.23. David is 11 years old and he likes playing baseball. Who can be his teacher?A. Mr. Green.B. Miss. Miller.C. Mrs. Smith.D. Mr. Brown.24. Which of the following activities is not mentioned（提及）in the passage?A. Dancing.B. Painting.C. Singing.D. Ball games.25. How long does it take Bill to play chess on Saturdays?A. 2.5 hours.B. 1.5 hours.C. 2 hours.D. 1 hour.BToday in school, I get into an argument with a boy in my class.I think that "I" am right and "he" is wrong－and he thinks that "I" am wrong and "he" is right. The teacher wants to teach us a lesson.She brings us up to the front of the class and places him on one side of her desk and me on the other. There is a large, round object (物体) on her desk. It is black. But when she asks the boy he answers, "White,"I can't believe it. Another argument starts.The teacher tells us to change our places. Then she asks me, "_____▲______" I have to answer, "White." It was an object with two differently colored sides. From his side it is white. From my side it is black.Sometimes we need to stand in the other person's shoes and look at the problem through their eyes.26. Who teaches the writer a lesson?A. His classmate.B. He himself.C. His teacher.D. His mother.27. How does the writer feel when the boy says the object is white?A. Surprised（惊讶的）.B. Worried.C. Happy.D. Angry.28. Which of the following can be put in ▲ in Paragraph 5?A. Is your answer right?B. Do you think he is right?C. What colour is the object?D. What do you think of the object?29. Why does the object look so different in colour?A. Because the boy and the writer have no ideas about colours.B.Because the object has two different colours on the two sides.C. Because the boy and the writer like making arguments with each other.D. Because the teacher is angry and she wants to play tricks on the students. 30. What can we learn from the story? A.We must believe what we see and speak out. B. Teachers are always cleverer than their students. C. We need to look at a problem from others' feelings. D. Never have an argument with others in front of teachers. C Li Tingting is a Grade 7 student in Nantong, Jiangsu. The 13-year-old girl studies hard in her English class.Every day, she listens carefully in class and does many exercises after class. But she doesn't do well in it. She is very sad. "Why doesn't my hard work pay off (回报)" Li asks.Lots of middle school students face this problem: They try their best at something but can't succeed. "They don't have effective (有效的) learning ways. This is the main reason for their difficulties." says Bi Qin, an English teacher in Beijng No. 4 High School.Bi Qin thinks that hard work is not enough for middle school students. She says, "Students have more subjectsnow. They should learn in many different ways. The more you use new words, the better you can remember them."Chin Xiping, 13, o f Shandong, has his own of learning English. “I study hard in school, and I also like watching CCTV-9. On this TV channel, I always see the English words from my textbook,” says Chen. "It’s really useful. "Lin Pingyi, 13, of Shanghai, has a habit of reading. " I like reading English novels like The Old Man and the Sea(《老人与海》). And I write notes in my diary, " says Lin Pingyi, "In this way, I can remember more words, and make my reading and writing better. "31. Why doesn't Li Tingting do well in English?A. Because she doesn't play sports after class.B. Because she doesn't listen carefully in class.C. Because she doesn't have effective learning ways.D. Because she doesn't do many exercises after class.32. What does the underlined word "succeed" probably mean in this passage?A. have funB. come trueC. get readyD. do well33. Which is true according to (根据) the passage?A. Li Tingting is a student in Grade 9.B. Lin Pingyi enjoys reading English novels.C. Chen Xiping doesn't like watching CCTV-9.D. Bi Qin asks students to learn in the same way.34. According to Bi Qin, how can students remember new words effectively?A. They should listen to the words.B. They should use the words more.C. They should write the words oftenD. They should read the words aloud35. What's the best title (标题) of this passage?A. A Girl's Question In LearningB. Middle School Students' ProblemC. Different Ways To Learn EnglishD. The Reason For Students' Difficulties第Ⅱ卷（非选择题部分）词汇.根据中文提示、英文释义、音标或句子意思写出所缺单词, 使句子意思完整.36. The new teaching building in our school is nice and_____________(现代化). 37. Football is popular _____________(在……之间) people in my hometown. 38. Millie lives on a healthy diet. She _________ (not often) has sweet snacks.39. The red and white tie _____________ (go well with) Simon's shirt. He looks really smart. 40-What's the time now?-It's five fifteen. That is a ______________ past five.请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词，并用所其适当形式填空，使句子通顺.41. Grandparents don’t live with us and we visit them __________ a month. 42. – Do you have a __________ pool in your school? 43. – Who is your hero, Helen?- Football ___________ Kylian Mbappe and Cristiano Ronaldo. I admire them very much. 44. On Daniel’s birthday each year, Mum always buys __________ a book as a gift. 45. Jack sleeps for ___________ than 7 hours every night, so he often feels tired in class. 请报据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当形式填空，使句子通顺.46. Shirley likes music because it makes her ________________ great. 47. There ____________ any paper cups at home. We need to buy some. 48. It's 7:00 a.m. Tom with his classmates _____________ for the school bus.49. Aunt Mary is a careful buyer. She always ________________ on lots of clothes before she decides (决定) which to buy.50. -What are you going to do this afternoon? - I plan ______________ lanterns out of oranges.句型转换请根据要求改写下列各句，每空一词.51. Millie has a nice dress for the Chinese New Year party. (改为否定句)Millie __________ ___________ a nice dress for the Chinese New Year party52. Betty comes from Nanjing. May comes from Nanjing, too. (合并成一句)__________ Betty and May ___________ from Nanjing.53. The children watch some interesting TV plays after school. （改为单数句子）The child _________ ___________ interesting TV play after school.54. How much do the black trousers cost? （保持句意基本不变）____________ the ____________ of the black trousers?55. The lady in a red dress is our new Chinese teacher. (就划线部分提问）__________ ____________ is your new Chinese teacher?短文填空请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确形式，使短文通顺.Do you know about Brazil Carnival（巴西狂欢节）?The festival comes from a story in the Bible（《圣经》）. And the h___56___ of Brazil Carnival goes back to 1840.Brazil Carnival is usually in February. It is summer in Brazil. If is a hot festival. Many places in Brazilc___57___ it. But the biggest celebration is in Rio de Janeiro. The celebration there goes on for 4 days and nights. People w___58___ colourful clothes. They sing and dance on the streets. and universities. In this way, they develop good working habits and live by their own hands. And there is a big parade (游行). Millions of people go to watch it every year!Dancing is their f___59___ activity of all. People dance Samba to music. They hope to dance to keep a___60___ from sad things and worries. They have a good time together. That is what Carnival is for—getting together and having fun!阅读与回答问题阅读下面短文，回答5个问题.In America, children start school when they are five years old. In some states they must stay in school until they are sixteen. Most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they leave secondary (中等的) schools. There are two kinds of schools in the United States: public schools and private (私立的) schools. Most children go to publicschools. Their parents do not have to pay for their education (教育) because the schools receive money from the government. If a child goes to a private school, his parents have to get enough money for his schooling. Some parents still prefer private schools, though (尽管) they are much more expensive.Today about half of the high school students go to universities (大学) after they finish the secondary school. A student at state university does not have to pay very much if his parents live in that state. But many students work while they are studying at universities. In this way they develop good working habits and live by their own hands.61. How old are children in America when they start school?____________________________________________________________________62. What are the two kinds of schools in America?___________________________________________________________________63. Why don't parents of public school students have to pay for their education?___________________________________________________________________64. How many high school students go to universities after they finish secondary schools?__________________________________________________________________65. Is it good for students to work while studying at universities? Why do you think so?__________________________________________________________________句子翻译根据所给提示将下列句子译成英语.66. 谢谢你带我参观你们美丽的校园.(Thank you for…)________________________________________________________________67. 运动鞋轻便、舒适，适合长时间步行.(fit for)________________________________________________________________68. 我们想用我们的零花钱帮助贫困地区的孩子们.(ues sth. to do sth.)____________________________________________________________________69. Simon正和他的堂弟们练习打排球吗？(practise doing)___________________________________________________________________70. 有时两餐之间我觉得饿，所以我会吃一个苹果或一只梨.(so)________________________________________________________________71.书面表达.假如你是七年级五班的班长Julie，你们年级将举行以“如何过好寒假”为主题的沙龙活动，请根据下表所提示的要点，用英语写一篇发言稿，介绍你的个人情况及寒假计划.注意：1．表达中必须包含所给的要点，……部分请自拟内容作答.2．词数80左右.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数.3．表达中请勿提及真实姓名和校名.提示：寒假计划plans for the winter holiday 友好friendly 家务houseworkHello, everybody! My name is Julie.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________I hope all of us can make a good plan and have a wonderful winter holiday.答案与解析第Ⅰ卷（选择题部分）听力A) 根据听到的内容, 选择正确的图片或正确的答案, 听两遍.1. Which club is Millie in?A B C2. When does the girl get up at weekends?A B C3. What does Sandy want to buy for her mum?A B C4. How will the man probably（可能）go to the City Library?A B C5. Which festival is it tomorrow?A. The Dragon Boat Festival.B. The Mid-Autumn FestivalC. The Spring Festival6. Whose scarf is this?A. David's.B. Lily's.C. Lucy's7. Where is Mike now?A. At home.B. At school.C. In the street.8. How is the weather now?A. It's sunny.B. It's cloudy.C. It's rainy.9. Who will wash the clothes today?A. Father.B. Mother.C. Peter.10. What do we know from the talk?A. The man is good at cooking.B. There's nothing to eat at home.C. The woman likes to go out for dinner.B. 听下面3段对话或短文.每段对话或短文后各有几道小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.（每段对话或短文读两遍）听一段对话, 回答第11～12小题.11. Where are they talking?A. In a shop.B. In a restaurant.C. In a cinema.12. How long does the man have to wait?A. For 10 minutes.B. For 20 minutes.C. For 30 minutes.听第一篇短文, 回答第13～15小题.请根据短文内容, 选择正确答案, 完成信息记录表.13. A. the underground B. a taxi C. a train14. A. visits other companies B. plays sports C. has meetings15. A. at 10:30 p.m. B. before 11:30 p.m. C. after 11:30 p.m.听第二篇短文, 回答第16～20小题.16. Who is Patch?A. Alice's classmate.B. Alice's brother.C. Alice's pet dog.17. Where can we see a big wet puddle（泥泞）every morning?A. On the wall.B. On the floor.C. On Mum's new rug.18. How often do we go for a walk in the park?A.Sometimes.B. Every day.C. Every week. 19. Why isn’t my brother happy?A. Because Patch chews (咬) his new trainers. B. Because Patch plays with his rubbish bin. C. Because Patch leaves dirty footprints on their floor. 20. What does the writer think of Patch? A. He isn't naughty (顽皮的) or sweet. B. He is very naughty but sweet. C. He is very naughty and not sweet. 单项选择1.Every morning. Jack exercises for about hour and then he walks to ______ school. A. an; / B. a; the C. an; theD. a; / 【答案】A 【解析】【详解】句意：每天早上，杰克锻炼了大约一个小时，然后步行去学校. a/an不定冠词，意为“一个”，a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前.the定冠词，表示特指.第一空表示“一个小时”，hour以元音音素开头，故填an，第二空go to school表示去上学，固定搭配.结合句意，故选A.【点睛】不定冠词表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个.不定冠词有a, an.其中a 用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前, 而an 则用在发音以元音开头的名词之前.零冠词：专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词.China is a largest country in the world. 中国是世界上最大的国家.表示日常餐食名词之前不用冠词It's time for breakfast. 该吃早饭了.在季节,月份,星期,节日.球类运动,棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词.We are going to play basketball this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去打篮球.语言的名称前不用冠词.Can you speak English?你能说英语吗？某些固定词组不用冠词.by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact, from morning till night.2.We'll have the Term Ending Ceremony (散学典礼) ______ 2:30 __________ the afternoon of 25 January.A. at; inB. at; onC. on; inD. on; on【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：我们将在1月25日下午2:30举行散学典礼.at与时间点连用；on和具体的一天或者具体一天的上午，下午，晚上连用；in和年，月，季节等连用.2:30是具体的时间点；the afternoon of 25 January是具体一天的下午，故选B.【点睛】与时间连用的介词主要有：at，in，on. at主要和表示时间点的词连用；in主要和表示一段时间的词连用；on主要和星期几（及其上下午晚上），具体的一天，具体一天的上下午晚上，有天气修饰的时间连用.2:30是具体的时间点，所以用at；the afternoon of 25 January是具体一天的下午，所以用on.3.-Excuse me, are there any bookshops nearby?-Yes. There is ___________ near our school, just at the corner of the street.A. oneB. itC. someD. any【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——打扰一下，附近有书店吗？——是的.我们学校附近有一家，就在街角.A. one一个，用于指代上文出现的同类事物中的一个；B. it它，代指上文同一事物；C. some一些；D. any 任何一个.此处指一个书店，属于同类不同物，故选A.4.-What's your _______________?-I am going to be a model when I grow up.A. hobbyB. ageC. designD. dream【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：——你的梦想是什么？——我长大后要当模特儿.A. hobby 爱好；B. age年级；C. design 设计；D. dream梦想.根据后文回答I am going to be a model，可知此处问你的梦想是什么，故选D.【点睛】词义辨析题，首先要阅读题干，根据句意推测要填写的单词，然后对比各个选项，选择最合适的选项，使句子通顺，结构正确.根据后文回答I am going to be a model，可知此处问梦想是什么，故选D.5.The bread __________ nice. I'd like to have another piece.A. tastesB. looksC. seemsD. feels【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：这面包味道很好.我想再吃一片.A. tastes尝起来；B. looks看起来；C. seems似乎；D. feels感觉.根据I'd like to have another piece.可知此处指尝起来好吃，故选A.【点睛】词义辨析题，首先要阅读题干，根据句意推测要填写的单词，然后对比各个选项，选择最合适的选项，使句子通顺，结构正确.根据I'd like to have another piece.可知此处指尝起来好吃，taste尝起来，故选A.6.Young children cannot __________ fireworks if their parents are not with them.A. think aboutB. talk ofC. find outD. let off【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：如果父母不在，小孩子就不能放烟火.A. think about 考虑；B. talk of说到；C. find out查出；D. let off使爆炸，根据假设条件，可知此处指小孩子不能放烟花，故选D.7.-I didn't find the book Next Door in the library. Can I ____________ yours?-OK, I'll bring it here tomorrow.A. carryB. borrowC. collectD. lend【答案】B【详解】句意：——我在图书馆没有找到Next Door那本书.我可以借你的吗？——好的，我明天带过来.A. carry搬，抬，扛；B. borrow 借，主语借进；C. collect收集；D. lend借给，主语借出.根据上文I didn't find the book Next Door in the library可知此处指主语借进书籍，故选B.【点睛】在英语中，borrow、lend、keep都可以表示“借”，但是它们的用法不同：borrow 表示“从别人那里，借到自己手里”，所以borrow 后面常跟介词from；例如：Can I borrow you bike? 我能借你的自行车吗？lend“出借”，就是借给别人，所以后面常跟介词to；这个词不规则：lend -- lent -- lent例如：Can you lend me some money? 能给我借点钱吗？需要注意的是，borrow 和lend 都是短暂性动作，不可以延续，自然就不可以和表示一段的时间状语连用，如果要表达“借了多长时间”这样的时间段，就会用到keep；keep“保存”用来表示借一段时间；这个词也是不规则动词：keep-- kept--kept比如，若想表达“这本书我能借多久？”就的用到keep：How long can I keep the book?同样，这本书我已经借了两周了.这句话也用keep：I have kept the book for two weeks.8.-___________does your father go on a picnic with you?- Twice a year. He is always busy with his work.A. How farB. How longC. How oftenD. How much【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：——你父亲多久和你一起去野餐一次？——一年两次.他总是忙于工作.A. How far多远，提问距离；B. How long多久，多长时间，用“for+一段时间”回答；C. How often多久一次，提问频率；D. How much多少，提问价格，根据回答Twice a year可知提问频率，故选C.【点睛】how soon多久以后，用“in+一段时间”回答；how long多久，多长时间，用“for+一段时间回答”；how much多少，提问价格；how far多远，提问距离.how often多久一次，提问频率；how many times多少次，提问次数.9.How many syllables does the word “watermelon” have?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.【解析】【详解】句意：“watermelon”这个词有几个音节？A. Two.两个；B. Three.三个；C. Four.四个；D. Five.五个.根据watermelon的音标[ˈwɔːtərmelən],可知有四个元音音素，所以共有四个音节，故选C.10.—Dad, we’l l have a basketball match this Saturday?—Really? _______________A. Best wishes!B. Have a good time.C. You’re welcome.D. Wish your team good luck.【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：——爸爸，这个星期六我们要打篮球赛？——真的吗？祝你们队好运.A. Best wishes!最美好的祝福；B. Have a good time祝你过得愉快；C. You’re welcome.没关系；D. Wish your team good luck.祝你们队好远.根据上文要打篮球比赛，所以此处表示祝福对方好运，故选D.完形填空“Who would you like to change your life with if possible?” Last week, we asked many middle school students this question. The following are some of their ___11___.Zhang Yike, 12I want to change my life with my friend, Wang Xiaohui. She is studying in England now. She has been to many ___12___, such as the USA and France. They are the places I wish to visit. And she ___13___ very good English. I can visit many beautiful countries, eat delicious food and meet different kinds of people there ___14___ I change my life with her.Qiu Haoran, 14I’d like to change my life with my Chinese teacher Miss Zhao. Miss Zhao is a very kind lady. She ___15___ a lot because she likes reading and travelling. She always tries to make her classes lively and ___16___. We all like her classes. I also want to be a nice teacher and be popular with my ____17____.Tan Bo, 13I will change my life with my elder brother. My brother is a college (大学) student now. He does have to go to ___18___ all the time. He can study the subjects he is interested in. And he even has a part-time job to make money.To ___19___ , all of these sound very interesting. I really want a life ___20___ that.11. A. answers B. problems C. questions D. changes12. A. countries B. villages C. towns D. cities13. A. says B. speaks C. learns D. tells14. A. when B. because C. if D. after 15. A. teaches B. knows C. thinks D. asks 16. A. busy B. difficult C. important D. interesting17. A. parents B. friends C. classmates D. students18. A. work B. class C. libraries D. meetings19. A. me B. him C. you D. them20. A. at B. on C. for D. like【答案】11. A 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. D【解析】这篇短文主要介绍了一个关于改变自己生活的话题，并介绍了三个中学生理想中的生活.【11题详解】句意：下面就是他们的一些答案.考查名词辨析.answers答案；problems问题，难题；questions问题；changes变化.联系下文描述可知本句说的是他们的一些答案.所以选A.【12题详解】句意：她已经去过很多国家.考查名词辨析.A. countries国家；B. villages村庄；C. towns城镇；D. cities城市.根据后文的举例such as the USA and France.，可知她去过很多国家，故选A.【13题详解】句意：她说英语比我说得好.考查动词辨析.tell告诉，讲述；say 说，强调说的内容；learn学习；speak演讲，发言，说某种语言.结合语境可知此处指的是说某种语言，所以选B.【14题详解】句意：如果我和她一起改变我的生活，我可以去许多美丽的国家，吃美味的食物，在那里遇见各种各样的人.考查连词.A. when当……时候；B. because因为；C. if如果；D. after在……之后.根据从句是主句发生的条件，故选C.【15题详解】句意：她知道的很多.考查动词辨析.teaches教；knows知道，了解；thinks思考，认为；asks问.联系后一句because she likes reading and travelling可知本句指的是她知道的很多.所以选B.【16题详解】句意：她总是设法使她的课生机勃勃并且有趣.考查形容词.A. busy繁忙的；B. difficult困难的；C. important重要的；D. interesting有趣的.根据We all like her classes可知她的课有趣，故选D.【17题详解】句意：我也想当一个好老师并且受到我的学生的欢迎. 考查名词辨析. A. parents父母亲；B. friends朋友；C. classmates同班同学；D. students学生.根据上文作者也想成为一个好老师，可知此处指受到她的学生的欢迎，故选D.【18题详解】句意：他确实不得不总是去上课.考查名词辨析.A. work工作；B. class班级；C. libraries图书馆；D. meetings会议.go to class去上课，根据上文作者的哥哥是大学生，可知他不得不去上课，故选B.【19题详解】句意：对于我，所有的这些都听起来非常有趣.考查宾格.A. me我；B. him他；C. you你；D. them他们.根据后文作者想过这样生活，可知此处指对于“我”，故选A.【20题详解】句意：我真的想要过那样的生活.考查介词.A. at在……；B. on在……上；C. for为了；D. like像.此处的that指像上文作者哥哥的生活，故选D.阅读理解.AAfter-school ActivitiesAre you interested in ball games?Teacher: Mr. BrownPlace: On the PlaygroundTime:Monday, 16: 00-18:00Age: Over 10 years oldWould you like to be a dancer?Teacher: Miss, MillerPlace: In the gymTime: Friday, 19:00-21:00Age: Over 5 years oldAre you good at painting?Teacher: Mr. GreenPlace: In the art roomTime: Sunday, 8:00 - 10:00Age: Over 4 years old, under 14Do you enjoy playing chess?Teacher: Mrs. SmithPlace: In the libraryTime:Saturday, 15:30 -18:00Age: Over 6 years old, under 1021. If Alice wants to learn to dance, how old does she have to be?A. Over four.B. Over five.C. Over six.D. Over ten.22. Cindy is interested in drawing pictures, where can she go on Sundays?A. To the library.B. To the art room.C. To the gym.D. To the playground.23. David is 11 years old and he likes playing baseball. Who can be his teacher?。
The popularity of EnglishGoo.morning.everyone.Today'.lectur.i.abou.th.popularit.o.English.rges.numbe.o.nat ng municatio.be?nguage.ar.differen.fro.e nguag..Q1).in.English.the.Englis.i.th.lingu.franca.nguage.Som.re?searche.suggeste.tha.. nguage.An.anywa.betwee.2 nguag..Q...An.o.cours..i.w.includ.peopl.wh.ar.learnin.Englis.a..fore nguag.al.ove.th.world.tha.numbe.ma.increas.dramatically.The.w.ma.as..question.ho.di.Englis. ge.there.Tha.i.ho.di.Englis.gai.th.presen.statu.o.popularity?Ther.ar.i.fac..numbe.o.interlockin.reason.fo.th.popularit.o.Englis.a..lingu.franca.Man.o.th.reason.ar ngu age.Let'.g.throug.th.reason.on.b.one.First.it'nd e.o.th.Massachusett.coas.i.162.afte.thei.journe.fro.England.the.brough.wit.the.no.jus..se.o.religiou. ter.th.Amer nguag.o.Englis.remaine.an.stil.does.I.wa.th.sam.i.Austra mande.Philipp.plante.th.Britis.fla.i.Sydne.curv.o.th.26t.o.Januar.178..i.wa.no.jus..b nguage.I.othe.part.o.th.forme.Britis.Empire.Englis.ra pidl.becam..unifyin.o.dominatin.mean.o.control.Fo.example.i.becam..lingu.franc.i.Indi.wher..varie .o.an.on.o.the.a..whol.countr.syste.problemati..Q4).S.th.impositio nguag.o..ministratio.help.maintai.th.colonizers.contro.an.power.Thu.Englis.trav e.a nguag.i.countrie.a.fa.apar.a.Jamaic.an.Pakistan..Ugand.an.Ne.Zealand.Tha.i.th.firs.factor.merc.through?ou.th.world.Th.spr merc.ha.take.Englis.alon.wit.i..Q...Thi.i.th.2023.centur.phenomeno.o.globali zation.Therefore.on.o.th.firs.sight.man.traveler.se.whe.arrivin.i.countrie.a.divers.a.Brazil.Chin.fo.e xample.it'.th.yellow.twi.ar.sig.o..Macdonald'.fas.foo.restauran.o.som.othe.famou.brand'.outlets.An. munity. .o.Englis.i.th.boo.i.internationa.trave..Q6).An.yo.wil.fin.tha.mu c.trave.an.touris.i.carrie.o.aroun.th.worl.i.English.O.cours.thi.i.no.alway.th.case.A.th.multi-linguali s.o.man.touris.worker.i.differen.countrie.demonstrate.Bu..visi.t.mos.airport.o.th.glob.wil.sho.sign. nguag.o.tha.countr.bu.als.i.English.Jus.a.man.airlin.announcement.ar.broadcas.i.Engli nguag.o.air municatio..Q.).rmatio.exchang.aroun.th.world.A.w.al.know..grea.dea.o.ac ademi.discours.aroun.th.worl.take.plac.i.English.I.i.ofte..lingu.franc.o.conferences.fo.example.An. man.journa.article.i.field.a.divers.a.astronomy.tria.psycholog.an.zoolog.hav.Englis.a..kin.o.defaul.l anguag..Q8).nguag.i.po pula.culture.Po.musi.i.Englis.ca.b.hear.o.man.radio..Q9).Thu.man.peopl.wh.ar.no.Englis.speaker.ca.sin.word.fro.thei.favorit.Englis.mediu.songs.An.man.pe A.Now.t.su.up.i.today'.lecture.w.hav.reviewe.som.o.th.reason.o.factor.tha.li.be?.o.En nguage.Befor.w.finish..woul.lik.t.leav..fe.question.fo.yo.t.thin.about.I.th.statu. nguag.assure.i.th.future.Wil.i.spli.int.varietie.tha.becom.les.mutuall.intelli nguag.i.futur..Q.).Thes.question.ar.no.eas.t.answer..know.bu.the.ar.definitel.wort.ponderin.ove.afte.th.lecture.OK.let'.brin.u.t.th.en.o.today'.lecture.Than.yo.fo.you.attention.SECTION B CONVERSATIONW Hello! Freddy.NI.Hello.Marry.Ho.nic.t.se.yo.again.Ho.i.everythin.going?.. Fine.Bus.thes.days?..Yeah.Wit.lot.o.thing.t.do.Woul.yo.lik.t.joi.m.fo..drink?W: Ok! Thanks!M: Any news recently?ernmen.i.plannin.t.buil.a.air?por.here.Yo.kne.that? M Afraid not.M.rea.objectio.t.thi.ide.o..ne.airpor.is...i.tha.th.whol.thin.i.s.wasteful..mean.w.kno.w.ar.currentl.i..f ue.crisis.W.kno.tha.we'ernmen.seem.quit.de ..hec.o..lo.o.oil..mea.i.take..to.o.oil..to.o.p et?ro.befor.on.o.thi.bi.jet.eve.take.of.(Q1).M: Hmmm.n.an.s.on..can'.see..can'.se.th.rati ona.behin.reall.wantin.an...a.airpor.a.all.M.Well.surel.yo.mus.admi.th.existin.airpor.nearb.ar.becomin.swarmed..mean.wh.shoul.people... NV: Well, they are being swarmed.111: be treated like cattle when there's a chance of a new airport here.W.But.bu.really.peopl.shouldn'.b.travelin.a.much.That's.that'.wh.mos.o.th.journeys..mean.the.ar.sw armed.becaus.ther.i.fa.to.muc.unnecessar.touris.an.s.on.I.isn'.necessar.fo.peopl.t.trave.s.fast.o.still. eve.s.ofte..Q2).M.Well.Yo.tak.th.climat.her.i.thi.country.Now.jus.befor.Christmas.ther.'wa.thi.dreadfu.col.spel.an.t her.wa..tremendou.increas.i.th.numbe.o.peopl.wh.wante.t.leav.an.spen.Christma.an.th.Ne.Yea.i..re .climate.An.i.summer.th.sam.situatio.occurs.I.i.unbearabl.ho.her.an.peopl.wan.g.somewher.cool.W.Yes..ca.sympathiz.wit.that.Bu.i.i.stil.no.reall.necessar.t.d.o.a.i.i.necessar.t.conserv.fue.an.i.i.nece e.fo.fa.mor.importan.thing.whic.woul.be nefi.th.peopl.her.fa.mor..Q2). e.fo.farming.fo.instance.M: True..an.enjo.themsel ve.withou.havin.t.trave.far.M.But.airport.d.brin.som.loca.advantages.The.brin.roads.there'.obviousl.extr.employment.fo.insta nce.ne.hotels.shops.restaurant.wil.hav.t.b.built.thi.means.mor.job.fo.th.local.an.i.i.goo.fo.loca.econ om..Q3).W: But, you ask the people, you ask those who are now living near the airports, for instance, whether they reckon that airports are bringing them advantages or the airport is bringing noise and vast motorways and the whole area is desolated, isn't it? ( Q2)M.But.th.airpor.infrastructur.relie.o.housin.an.othe.facilitie.fo.th.grea.numbe.o.peopl.wh.woul.b.e mploye.i.th.airport.th.pilo.even.th.stewardnesses.The.hav.t.liv.somewher.nea.th.airport.right?W.Yeah.bu.it's.it'.jus.s.damagin.t.th.whol.area..think.airports.fro.m.poin.o.view.th.whol.concep.i.outdate.really.Wit.moder.technology.we'r.goin.t.mak..lo.o.trave.unnecessary.reall. (Q4).Fo.example.i.won'.b.necessar.fo.businessma.t.fl.ou.t..foreig.countr.t.tal.t.somebody.The.ca.jus.lif.u. telephon.i.th.office.pres.th.but?to.an.se.th.perso.the.wan.t.d.busines.with.Yo.see.busines.deal.ca.b. mad.with?ou.havin.t.trave.bac.an.forth.right?M.Yes.you'r.right.But.fo..lo.o.people.'persona.contac.i.important.An.thi.mean.travel.an.mean.quic.travel.ai.'trave.an.w.jus.nee..ne.airpor.(Q5).SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 1 (for question 6)ernmen.o.Monday.I.Sunday'.Election..th.Ne.Moderate.Part.defeate.th.Socia.Democrats.Th.Socia.Democrati.Part.ha.controlle.Swede.fo.al.bu.nin. year.sinc.193..buildin.u.th.country'.generou.welfar.state.Bu.th.Ne.Moderate.want.t.chang.it..Q..Sweden'.welfar.syste.i.fame.aroun.th.world.bu.th.syste.enco panie.whic.make.i.difficul.t.emplo.ne.people.News Item 2 (for questions 7 and 8)Much of the world was watching on television when the command of the Apollo-11 mission Neal Armstron.too.th.firs.step.o.th.moo.i.Jul.1969.Th.picture.o.tha.histori.footste.an.?nding.wer.recorde.o.magneti.tap.a.thre.NAS.gr oun.trackin.station.aroun.th.world.Th.tape.wer.the.shippe.t..NAS.operatio.centr.nea.Washington—t.196..th.spac.agenc.bega.transferrin.the.an.ten.o.thousand.o.ta ernmen.archive.warehouse.NAS.say.i.aske.fo.the.bac.i.th. 1970s.bu.no.doe.no.kno.wher.the.are.".probabl.a.overl.sensitiv.t.th.wor.`lost...di.no.fee.the.ar.lost..s ai.Richar.Nafzger..Goddar.Spac.Fligh.Centr.enginee.wh.wa.i.charg.o.televisio.processin.fro.al.o.N ASA'.groun.receivin.sites.Th.Spac.Agenc.ha.authorize.hi.t.se.a?sid.hi.othe.dutie.fo.th.foreseeabl.f utur.an.devot.hi.tim.t.th.hun.fo.th.tapes.Nafzge.says.the.ar.store.somewhere..Q.)News Item 3 (for questions 9 and 10)lio.peopl.wh.liv.i.th.Unit.Stat.don'.spea.o.understan.Englis.ver.wel.an.tha.ca.b.deadly ngu municatin.wit.health-car.provider.wit.seriou.consequences..Q.. Docto.Flore.record.on.inciden.i.whic.English-speakin.doctor.`though..Spanish-speakin.ma.wa.suff erin.fro..dru.over-doze."H.wa.i.th.hospita.basicall.fo.tw.day.bein.worke.u.fo.dru.abus...Flore.says.. The.finall.di..hea.C.sca.an.realize.h.ha.ha..majo.blee.int.hi.brain.H.ende.u.bein.paralyze.an.h.go..7. millio.dollar.settlemen.awar.fro.th.hospital..Docto.Flore...professo.a.th.Medica.Colleg.o.Wisconsin .say.tha.despit.example.lik.that.th.majorit.o.U.health-car.facilitie.stil.d.no.hav.traine.interpreter.o.si ght.bu.h.acknowledge.tha.increasin.number.o.healt.car.worker.ar.bilingua.an.tha.mor.clinic.an.hosp ital.d.mak.sur.thei.staf.an.patient.understan.eac.other..Q10)参考答案SECTION A MINI-LECTURE（1）native languages (2).350 (3).Historical (4).India (5).commerce (6).Boom (7).sea travel communication (8).conferences (9).many radios (10).splitSECTION B&C1.C2.A3.D4.B5.D6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.D。
Brazil r/s 1.0参考手册第一章：导论：Brazil r/s是一款为超高质量图象而开发的渲染器。
高级的算法、新的思想和可延展性的结构体系能满足所有被期待的效果，包括最高级的照片级的结果。
真实精度的模型使灯光和表面按照所期望的方式渲染。
凭借在生产工作室的环境中开发的优势，Brazil r/s提供真实、可靠、高质量的渲染结果。
作为一个新用户，你有权使用最新版本中渲染的新特性，例如：natural light modeling（真实的灯），photon-mapped caustics（基于光子贴图的焦散），custom physically-correct shading models (also a flexible NPR toon shader)（自定义真实的材质），fast selective ray-traced reflections and refractions（快速的光线追踪反射和折射），global illumination（不用我说了吧），sophisticated filtering and antialiasing（高度精密的过滤和AA反锯齿），area lights and shadows （面积光和阴影），sub-surface scattering（3S,就是蜡烛、葡萄之类的半透明），depth of field （景深），camera modeling（摄像机）和HDRI support（对HDRI 的支持）。
作为一个渲染器插件，Brazil r/s包括一下部分：1、Brazil Light：一种能提供面光源，质量控制，光子贴图焦散的光源。
2、Bcam：具有高级焦距的巴西的摄像机。
3、Brazil Material：用于光线追踪的巴西缺省材质。
4、Glass Material：能将光线吸收、发散，能调节反射折射光滑程度的玻璃材质。
5、Chrome Material：最优化的镜面材质。
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．merchant n．商人；批发商adj.海上货运的2．fleet n．舰队；机群；车队3．behold v t.(beheld，beheld)看；看见4．spice n．(调味)香料5．maritime adj.海的；海运的；海事的6．tournament n．锦标赛；联赛7．laptop n．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑8．press conference 记者招待会；新闻发布会9．manned adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的10．submersible n．潜水器；可潜船11．underwater ad v.在水下adj.水下的12．capsule n．胶囊；太空舱13．coral n．珊瑚14．migration n．迁移；迁徙；移居15．directory n．名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录16．exploit v t.开发；利用；剥削17．gallon n．加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升) 18．log v t.把……载入正式记录；记录n．正式记录；日志；原木19．marine adj.海的；海产的；海生的Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．tale n．故事；叙述2．negotiate v t.商定；达成(协议) v i.谈判；磋商；协商3．league n．等级；水平；联合会；联赛4．royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的5．withdraw v t.& v i.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离6．channel n．航道；海峡；频道7．bond n．纽带；关系v t.& v i.增强信任关系；使牢固结合8．tax v t.对……征税；使纳税n．税；税款9．meanwhile ad v.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下10．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止v t.逮捕；拘留；阻止Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．extend v t.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的→extension n．扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机2．politics n．政治；政治观点→political adj.政治的；政治上的→politician n．政治家；政客3．profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.专业的；职业的→professor n．教授；(大学的)讲师，教员4．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物→mix v t.配制；混淆；使混合→mixed adj.混合的；人员混杂的5．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover v t.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖6．applaud v t.& v i.鼓掌v t.称赞；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌；掌声；喝彩7．murder v t.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏n．谋杀；凶杀→murderer n．谋杀犯8．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的9．possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possess v t.控制；具有；拥有10．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose v t.反对；抵制→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的1．tiptoe /'t I ptəʊ/n．脚尖v i.踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地走2．for sth’s sake 为某事本身的缘故；鉴于某事本身的价值3．disorder /d I s'ɔːdə(r)/n．紊乱；混乱；骚乱4．excessive /I k'ses I v/adj.过度的；过多的5．all-round /ˌɔːl'raʊnd/adj.全面的；全能的；多才多艺的6．obstacle /'ɒbstəkl/n．障碍；障碍物7．accumulation /əˌkjuːmjə'le Iʃn/n．积累；聚积物8．devil /'devl/n．魔鬼；恶魔9．compliment /'kɒmpl I mənt/n．称赞；问候；致意v t.赞美；钦佩10．bolster /'bəʊlstə(r)/v t.改善；加强Ⅳ.背核心短语1．set sail 起航；开航2．in a league of one’s own 独领风骚3．withdraw from 退出；撤回4．in hand 在手头；可供使用；在掌握中；在控制中5．search for寻找6．under the command of在……的指挥下7．in return for作为对……的回报8．for the benefit of为了……的好处/利益9．take action采取行动10．as well as也；又；还Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.(The aim is to do...)这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路沿线地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。
Brazil After the carnivalBy Joe Leahy in São Paulo, Financial TimesBrazilians are starting the debate on whether to embrace a state-led economic modelChen Zhizhao, the newest addition to Brazil’s champion football club, Corinthians, already seems at home at the team’s training ground on the edge of São Paulo.Recruited this year from a club in Guangzhou, southern China, the young footballer has quickly started speaking some Portuguese.“Everything is good, the food and the air, the weather is good here,” he says.Although the club claims he was recruited purely for his talent, most suspect the real role of Mr Chen, the first Chinese player to join a major Brazilian team, is to lift the c lub’s profile in China so that it can sell its distinctive black-and-white team merchandise there.Corinthians may not realise it but, through its canny use of an area in which Brazil has a natural competitive edge – football – to tap the Chinese market, the club in its own small way is providing a pointer for a country whose economy suddenly seems to have lost direction.Elsewhere, exporting success from such kinds of innovation has proved elusive. Over the past decade, Brazil has largely relied on exports of commodities such as soy and iron ore to fuel spectacular economic growth, which peaked at 7.5 per cent in 2010.But this growth has slowed to a crawl and the world’s second-largest emerging market is expected to expand only 2 per cent this year. Much of its industry, in spite of a seemingly endless series of stimulus measures, has become globally uncompetitive. Only the consumer seems to be holding the fort but even here, there are signs of fatigue. Despite surging growth and investment, infrastructure and education have lagged behind and their weakness has prevented the country from realising its full potential.After the first decade of the century, in which everything seemed to fall into place for Brazil, policy makers are now abruptly being forced to rethink the country’s strategic direction. The issue at stake: what kind of economy does Brazil want and how big the role of the state should be?“We want to consume like US consumers, we want to have the public services of the Europeans but we want to grow like an emerging market, so something has to give,” said Ilan Goldfajn, chief economist at Itaú, Brazil’s largest private sector bank. It is a question troubling not just Brazil but all emerging markets. With the European, US and Japanese models looking battered, there are few global gold standards left to guide policy makers through the gathering storm clouds. Indeed, the next few years will be critical for the direction of the world economy as each of the Bric nations – Brazil, Russia, India and China – is tempted to revert to old socialist or statist habits to protect jobs and markets.“This is where you’ve got to navigate without a lighthouse,” says Raghuram Rajan of the University of Chicago and a former chief economist of the International Monetary Fund. The challenge, he says, will be for countries to take what has been learnt in the west without “abandoning the western model totally”. “How do you get the good side of markets without being exposed to the underside?”Much of Brazil’s remarkable run of prosperity was characterised as the “Lula model” of development, named after former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. During his two terms between 2003 and 2010, he saw the size of Brazil’s middle class increase by more than 30m people through welfare transfers, rising salaries and increased consumer credit.[As growth slows focus shifts to the home frontAs in Brazil, so in other emerging economies: growth is slowing, and as it slows it is raising serious questions about the economic future of the developing world, writes Stefan Wagstyl. Growth in emerging markets’ gross domestic product will slow this year to 5.7 per cent, from 6.3 per cent in 2011, according to the International Monetary Fund.That is well above the 1.4 per cent increase forecast for the developed world. But it is a hefty discount to the 8 per centrecorded up to 2008. The decreases are driven mainly by a slowdown in the developed world, principally Europe. Commodity exporters, headed by Russia, have profited mightily from the price boom that followed the 2008-9 economic crisis. But the recent price fall is starting to hit their economies.Developing countries also face growing domestic difficulties, however.In India, for example, decades-old bottlenecks in infrastructure and labour supplies have kept inflation high, forcing the central bank to maintain high interest rates even at the cost of hurting investment. Elsewhere, notably China, Brazil and Turkey, there are concerns that recent loan growth – fuelled by sustained low credit flows from the west – has generated unproductive investments and will trigger rising bad debts.Policy makers have contained these threats – so far. But slowing growth increases the dangers. Even a slight slowdown can exert a disproportionate impact on sensitive credit-fuelled sectors. Once a few investors run scared, others can quickly follow.In the long run, the rise of the emerging economies is likely to continue. Investment flows to countries where it can achieve the best returns – and these are still to be found in the developing world with opportunities for low-cost exports and for local domestic market growth.The developing world’s growing middle classes will not want to be denied their desire for western-level living standards. The pace of emerging market growth is likely to be slower than 8 per cent, however. It will also, most likely, depend less on exports to the rich world and more on emerging-world demand, both within countries and in expanding south-south trade. However, the adjustment could be hard, especially for countries with poor reform records, not least Russia. Much will also depend on the availability of cross-border credit and investment. The bigger the financial shocks from the eurozone and other as-yet-unexploded financial bombs, the harder the transition will be.]Helped by the windfall of rising commodity prices, the country also tamed its old enemy, inflation, and reaped the benefits of macroeconomic stability, accumulating reserves of more than $370bn. It survived the 2009 economic crisis with gusto, posting the highest gross domestic product growth in decades in 2010.Furthermore, this year President Dilma Rousseff, a taciturn technocrat compared with Mr Lula da Silva’s rough-edged unionist charisma, pushed unemployment down to record lows of below 6 per cent and increased the minimum salary. This has rewarded her with a staggering personal approval rating of 77 per cent.But the Lula model, skewed towards state-led consumption, also lacked an effective strategy to increase the capacity of the country’s infrastructure or education systems to handle the surge in growth. Inflation, the nation’s longstanding curse, which hit 2,477 per cent in 1993, began to return, forcing the central bank last year to increase interest rates to levels that brought the party to an abrupt halt.Brazil’s strong currency also squeezed industry, sending it into recession. Auto companies have begun suspending or laying off workers, while private banks are holding back on lending after defaults hit a record high during May.“We are exactly in this turning point,” says Mr Goldfajn. “There was a need to decelerate the economy, so wages continued to rise but prices could not follow and that meant margins got squeezed.”The slowdown, which is being worsened by softening commodity prices and the eurozone crisis, has reopened a debate about why Brazil seems unable to grow faster than its long-term trend growth of about 4 per cent before inflation kicks in. Perhaps most disturbing is an astonishing lack of international competitiveness of many Brazilian industries, even in sectors that should enjoy a natural advantage.Gerdau, Latin America’s largest steelmaker, blamed weak profit growth in its latest results on an increase in raw material prices – iron ore, m ineral coal and scrap. This is even though Gerdau is based in a country that is one of the world’s biggest exporters of quality iron ore.The company spoke of the “deindustrialisation” of the steel supply chain in Brazil, as cheap imports from Asia undercu t its products. Indeed, Carlos Ghosn, chief executive of Nissan-Renault, complained last year that it was cheaper for him to import steel made in South Korea from Brazilian iron ore, than to buy local products.Most critics also point to infrastructure, pa rticularly Brazil’s roads and ports, as another impediment. The cost of exporting a container from Brazil is $900, more than double the price from China and 1.5 times that from India. Meanwhile, importing costs are almost triple that of China and nearly double that of India, according to the World Bank.“It is a disaster, ships sometimes have to stop for 90 days,” Eike Batista, Brazilian oil and logistics billionaire, told an investor meeting this year.The other huge bottleneck in Brazil is skilled and semi-skilled labour. In the global “Pisa” test measuring average reading and mathematics scores, Brazil ranks near the bottom of the league tables, behind many other developing countries. Thanks partly to poor education, productivity in Brazil has increased by only 1.5 per cent a year over the past decade compared with 4 per cent in China, according to Marcos Troyjo, of Columbia University.A shortage of local professionals is now affecting growth industries. Ricardo Guedes, head of recruiter Michael Page in Rio de Janeiro, says some clients in the booming oil industry have been so desperate to fill positions they will pay almost anything. “For a couple of positions, we don’t even mention salary.”Many of Brazil’s problems, however, are not bad ones to have. Th ey often stem from rapid economic growth, preferable to the stagnation afflicting Europe, the US and Japan.Indeed, the crisis has cemented a consensus in Brazil about the need for greater investment. At current levels of about 19 per cent of GDP, investment is short of the 22 per cent Brazil needs to expand its economy at about 4 per cent a year.The government’s response to this issue has been more constructive than in 2009, when it unleashed massive state lending, analysts say. This time it has encourage d the central bank to lower Brazil’s extraordinarily high benchmark interest rate – a legacy of its history of runaway inflation. This has fallen to a record low of 8.5 per cent and is expected to drop further this week.Lower interest rates will help to foster greater investment in infrastructure. Until now, investors were able to earn such high returns from short-term deposits they had little incentive to invest in riskier, long-term infrastructure projects. In addition, companies could not afford to borrow long term because rates were too high.“There is a clear perception we need to get the investment going, the difficulty is how,” Itaú’s Mr Goldfajn says.Among the challenges are an unwieldy government bureaucracy and tax system – even when the funds are available for investment, projects often get stuck because of red tape. Vale, the country’s largest miner, for instance, complains that it takes more than three years to get environmental clearances for its mines.There is also the problem of a lack of savings. Brazilians only save 16 per cent of GDP, a fraction of the levels in China and India. The Brazilian government is a big part of the problem – it taxes like a European government yet wastes most of it on salaries, pensions and interest payments. Brazilian public revenue is equal to about 36-38 per cent of GDP compared with about 25 per cent in South Korea.But shrinking government will be hard. As analysts point out, big government is a choice the Brazilian voter has made. Even faced with the decline of the European economies, the average Brazilian is still more likely to opt for a state-led model, such as China, than pure US-style, free-market capitalism.“It used to be that all of Latin America looked to Europe as its ideal model, and that one day Brazil, Argentina and Colombia would become a Portugal, Italy, Greece or Spain, if it was lucky. But now, given the eurozone crisis, that is no longer the case. And, increasingly, China is becoming a more attractive or plausible model,” says a Brazilian di plomat.To fill the investment gap, therefore, Brazil must attract foreign capital. Foreign direct investment hit a record $66.7bn last year, up from $48.5bn in 2010, but outsiders will demand adequate returns to continue coming. In the long run, these returns can only come from improvements in productivity. Brazilians and Brazilian companies will need to work smarter and become more innovative.Private sector initiatives, such as that on display at Corinthians, offer hope. Even here, however, some of the comments from Mr Chen on the differences he has noticed between Brazil and China say much about why South America will not be another Asia anytime soon.“In China, not much people [are] interested in football. The children are studying too much.”。
专题09 首字母填空（名校模拟）精选20题（原卷版）一、短文首字母填空阅读短文, 根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。
注意使用正确形式, 每空限填一词。
答卷时, 要求写出完整单词。
Welcome to Guangzhou! Guangzhou is a fantastic place to visit.If you enjoy shopping, you can go to Beijing Road. If you like traditional snacks and taking photos, you can s____1____ time visiting Yongqingfang. So don’t forget to take your c____2____ with you. If you love sightseeing, you can take a night cruise on the Pearl River. You can watch old buildings and also modern ones along the river. It’s also amazing to walk a____3____ Haixin Bridge and get a bird’s-eye view of the whole city from Canton Tower.If you enjoy n____4____ beauty, you can go to Baiyun Mountain or Haizhu Lake. Guangzhou is known as Flower City, that is, you can see beautiful flowers e____5____ in Guangzhou.I’m sure you will have a great time in Guangzhou.根据短文及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
巴西英文演讲稿Ladies and gentlemen,。
It is my great honor to be standing here today to speak to you about the beautiful country of Brazil. Brazil, the largest country in South America, is known for its diverse culture, stunning natural landscapes, and vibrant people. As a country with a rich history and a promising future, Brazil has much to offer to the world.First and foremost, Brazil is famous for its breathtaking natural beauty. From the Amazon rainforest to the stunning beaches of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil is home to some of the most awe-inspiring natural wonders on the planet. The Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the "lungs of the Earth," is a vital ecosystem that is home to an incredible array of plant and animal species. The beaches of Rio de Janeiro, with their golden sands and crystal-clear waters, are a paradise for sun-seekers and surfers alike. Brazil's natural beauty is truly unparalleled, and it is a source of pride for all Brazilians.In addition to its natural beauty, Brazil is also known for its vibrant and diverse culture. The people of Brazil are warm, welcoming, and passionate, and their culture is a reflection of this. From the lively samba music and dance to the colorful Carnival celebrations, Brazil's culture is a feast for the senses. The country's rich culinary tradition, which includes dishes such as feijoada and churrasco, is a testament to the diversity of Brazilian culture. Furthermore, Brazil's art and literature have made a significant impact on the global stage, with renowned artists and writers such as Candido Portinari and Clarice Lispector hailing from the country.Moreover, Brazil is a country with a promising future. As one of the world's leading emerging economies, Brazil has made great strides in recent years in areas such as technology, innovation, and sustainable development. The country is also a global leader in renewable energy, with a significant portion of its energy coming from sources such as hydropower and wind power. Brazil's commitment to sustainability and environmental conservation is commendable, and it serves as an example for other countries around the world.In conclusion, Brazil is a country of immense beauty, culture, and promise. From its stunning natural landscapes to its vibrant and diverse culture, Brazil has much to offer to the world. As we look to the future, it is clear that Brazil will continue to play a significant role on the global stage, and I am confident that the country's influence will only continue to grow in the years to come.Thank you.。
