英国文学论文 远大前程

狄更斯《远大前程》主题思想评析
《远大前程》是英国作家狄更斯的一部代表作。

该作品描述了在社会不平等的
压迫下，坚强的勤劳与善良改变命运的力量。

这部作品告诉我们，只有不断努力，坚持不懈，才能改变自身的命运，实现自我真正的梦想。

社会不公平的压迫一直是《远大前程》的主题之一。

陈氏家庭所面临的种族歧
视和宗教歧视，代表了很多英国社会问题，这些事实也表明，如果某一方社会分离，该社会的发展将受到极大的影响。

另一主题是勤劳的重要性。

朱利安·卡尔维特面临荒诞的社会，他一生不懈努力，持之以恒，为自己搏取尊严和尊重，最终成为一个地位显赫的男子汉。

他曾经说过，“当你工作时，你要做完。

”他的精神代表了一种坚持不懈的精神，它是一种普遍的道德准则，同时也贯穿在小说中，可以为人们示范学习。

善良也是本书另一重要主题。

朱利安·卡尔维特用他真诚的善意去拯救抛弃他
的左彩芥，而左彩芥的变化也给他带来了他想要的精神收获，这也证明了善良的力量无穷大，令人感动。

总之，《远大前程》通过狄更斯的宝贵思想，表达了不断的努力，坚持不懈，
善良的力量才能改变自身的命运和实现自我真正的梦想，这也给了学前教育行业一种深刻关怀，正确引导孩子，让他们从娱乐中获受高尚的道德素养和文化积淀，这样才能行至远大的前程。

0.IntroductionCharles Dickens is the greatest representative of English critical realism. Dickens‟s literature career may be roughly divided into 3 periods. Great Expectations is among the last period. The last period of Dickens‟s literature career began with the publication of Bleak House in 1852-1853. His novels of this period are much darker in content than their predecessors (Liu 295). In most of his novels, we can tell his own unhappy experience, which is reflected in the low class miserable life and is carefully describe and recorded. Great Expectations is also regarded as an autographical novel.The period from the late 18th century to the early 19th century is a crucial era called Victorian Period. Chronologically, the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria who ruled over England from 1837 to 1901 (Sun 193). Many people use such terms as reform, tansformation, improvement and progress to mark the 19th century different from other ages. In Wendell Stacy Johnson‟s words, it was, of course, a time of rapid change; they were the generations in between the older, stable world of social institutions hardly changed since the late Middle Age and what we think of as the modern world (Stacy 123).In Great Expectations, the author depicted a very real and vivid picture of this age.As a genius realistic writer in English literature, Charles Dickens published the novel named Great Expectations, which earned him reputation for his revealment of the critical realism. The novel is Dickens‟ most complicated one with the major theme that money actually obscures the expression of love. The novel reflected the prevailing social outlook and it also builds up many impressive images successfully. It shows humanity and humor of the author (Zhu 9). As one of the author‟s most prominent works, it was published in 1861, which is regarded as a quite mature novel.He always describes people‟s characters which change with the development of environment (Luo 12). It describes his changing of characters and return to his benevolent, kind, and simple nature. The novel reflects the growth of Pip. These changes in his nature are influenced by the people surrounding Pip.Charles Dickens explores the changing nature of goodness and evil in this novel.The conversion of his nature shows the development of a small person Pip‟s nature, which infers that all the things Pip wants in the flashy world is of no value. Most importantly, being a gentleman with knowledge, depth and good manners counts.This paper analyses P ip‟ character and makes comprehensive and further discussion on the factors influencing his nature.0.The process of Pip’s changing character in the course of hisgrowthIn Great Expectations, we can easily see Pip‟s changing of nature during the course of growth and finally Pip finds his way back to true self. It is obvious that the conversion of his nature proves that the true, the good and the beautiful prevail.0.1Simplicity and innocence in ChildhoodIn Great expectations, when Pip was young, he was an unsophisticated, innocent, kind, sensitive and timid kid who thirsted for knowledge. He did not have a normal family. He was an orphan without parents, who was not taken care of by his bad-tempered sister in a small town.Pip‟s sister treated him cruelly. She had various ways to punish Pip with a variety of unreasonable rules. All of these led to physical and spiritual pain. Actually, she did not give him any care, in addition to abuse. Consequently, Pip got more sensitive and timid.Joe, his brother-in-law, was a kind-hearted, diligent, sincere man. He had never mistreated Pip, but help Pip from Mrs. Joe‟s abusing. Actually, he is a friend of Pip. As he told Pip that “I wish there wasn‟t tickler for you; I wish I could take it all on myself; but this is the up-and-down-and-straight on it, Pip, and I hope you‟ll overlook shortcomings” (Dickens 43).Pip was deeply moved and he dreamed to be a blacksmith just like Joe. Joewas a tutor, who taught him a lot, and an instructor, who set an example for Pip. Therefore, he often went to the graveyard to memorialize his parents. When he met Magwitch, the prisoner, even though Pip was threatened, he provided Magwitch with food .Pip showed his kindness and compassion.Even thought born in this poor family and never having a chance to get a formal education, Pip longed for knowledge. In this novel, we can infer that Pip is a smart child with enormous curiosity. He was curious about the things around him. When he went to the graveyard, looking at the tombstone, he imagined what his parents looked like. As for Pip, his sister pays no attention to his education. He learnt things with the help of his friend, Biddy, who is a kind-hearted and girl1.2Ambition and self-abasement after his meeting EstellaPip‟s life changed totally and dramatically as long as he met Miss Havisham and Estella. He became self-abased and ambitious.He was asked to Satis House. When he walked into Miss Havisham‟s house, Pip was deeply impressed and surprised. He was totally lost in another world, in which he saw brilliant decorations. Most importantly, he met Estella, a beautiful but extremely arrogant young lady. Pip loved her at the first sight.Betrayed and cheated by husband, Miss Havisham began to hate all the men. Therefore, she adopted Estella as a tool to take revenge all the men. Unfortunately, Pip is one of them. What Estella had done to Pip hurts his feelings. She mocked at his coarse hands, boots, the way he talked and so on. After his experience in the luxurious house and his meeting Estella, Pip had a new understanding of his ordinary background and low social status. He was desperate to be a gentleman who matched with Estella and as he expressed: “The beautiful young lady at Miss Havisham‟s and she‟s more beautiful than anybody ever was, and I admired her dreadfully, and I want to be a gentleman on her account ”(Dickens 56).Apparently, Pip began to realize that he is merely a poor boy without anything.Gradually, he hates what he had now. He said,“when we went to supper, the place and the meal would have a more homely look than ever, and I would feel more ashamed of home than ever, in my own ungracious breast.”“I should never like Joe‟s trade. I had liked it once, but once was not now.” Obviously, Pip changed his goal. He wanted to be a gentleman of upper class rather than a blacksmith like Joe. To some extent, Miss Havisham and Estella motivated Pip. His ambitious great expectation showed up.Pip is stuck in a dilemma. On one hand, he knew that he can not match with Estella. On the other hand, he had a strong affection for the young lady, who had been mocking at and torturing him spiritually.At the same time, he became a regular guest to the house in his childhood. He has nothing to do even though he is dying for Estella.1.3 Snobbery and arrogance after sponsored by the mysterious manThen, he spent more years as an apprentice to Joe, so he can make a living as a blacksmith. But his life orbit changed .To his surprise and shock, he got informed by the lawyer of that he was to inherit a property from an unknown mysterious person and he had a chance to be educated as a gentleman. We can get a hint from Pip about his leaving for London .Even though he was a little bit gloomy about his departure, actually he was excited and looked forward to the coming life. He asked Biddy to help Joe because he began to felt ashamed of Joe, the blacksmith. Finally, Pip insisted on going to the coach alone because he did not want to be disgraced by Joe and Biddy.An idea occurred in his mind that it must be Havisham who sponsored him to go to London to get a better education and made him match to Estella. Meanwhile, Miss Havisham pretended to be his supporter when Pip came to her to thank her for financial aids. Her evil plan led Pip into her trap.It turned out that he became peacockish, ungraceful realistic and unpractical,after he went to London. He began to learn how to become a gentleman by wearing fancy clothes, meeting people from upper class, learn dancing with lady and so on. Since he was financially supported by the sponsor, he is lavish of his money. Consequently, he often made ends meet every month. His life in London made him flashy, selfish, and showy. Later, he found out that Estella was pursued by many men and she enjoyed their affection. He felt unfair but still had a crush on her. Due to His obsession with Estella and belief that Miss Havisham wanted him to marry Estella and chose him as her successor, he would rather visit Miss Havisham than Joe. To fit in the new environment, he made new friends. He came to form a class conception, unaware of it himself. One day, Joe wrote to tell Pip that he was going to pay a visit to him. However, he felt ashamed, embarrassed and angry at Joe‟s ill manners. He would rather pay Joe to keep Joe away. And then he decorated his house in a deluxe way on purpose and wanted Joe to know that he was completely different from the old Pip. Pip put Joe in dilemma when Joe could not find a proper place to hang his hat. How satirical it is .Pip changed dramatically. It is Joe who had been his hero and friend. Now he completely turned himself into a snob, who abandoned his past. He built these norms to divide people into several classes. He actually caught into a contradictory trouble which he once hated.1.4Maturity and Pip’s self-awareness after the mysterious man’s turning upWhen pip figured it out that his real benefactor was the prisoner he once helped when he is young, his world collapsed.Firstly, he was sad because the person who had given him aids was not Miss Havisham, who had been cheating him on purpose.Secondly, he was more shocked and scared than so graceful to the prisoner. Pip assisted by his friend Herbert tried to send him away. More or less, he helped Magwitch with kindness.Unfortunately, they failed and Magwitch was arrested and his property was confiscated. Pip was still graceful to Magwitch, so he managed to requite Magwitch by visiting him in prison. He got nothing just like before. Later he found that Biddy had been married with Joe after his sister‟s passing away. Even though it is a little hard to accept, he still congratulated them. It seemed destined that all the bad things occurred. Suddenly, he seemed to go to pieces. What is worse is that he got sick. Pip recovered soon owing to Joe‟s help. Joe‟s love to him finally brought him back to the old Pip. Pip‟returning to nature is a happy ending. Eventually, he left for India to work. Several years later, he returned, there had been a great change. It is fate that Pip met Estella, who had a miserable marriage and was treated badly by her husband. They talked and walked away quietly. We can infer that they got together and married later.At last, Pip figured it out that he should not change himself and he became unsophisticated, kind-hearted, honesty, benevolent and mature. Money and social status can not be compared with true love between family members, friends and soul mate.1.Main causes of Pip’s transition of charactersDuring the growth of Pip, there are several persons who have a deep and enormous influence on his transition of character. In the following passage, I will discuss their life experience and how they change Pip.1.1Love from Joe GargeryJoe was good natured, easygoing, foolish man. We can tell from the whole story that Joe plays an important role in several aspects, not only in the formation of Pip‟s character, but also in expressing how to become a true gentleman. Pip‟s life is painstaking, but fortunately, he had the faithful friendship with Joe and Biddy. Joe andBiddy encouraged Pip to go back to nature and live in the state of nature.Joe was the first victim of Pip‟s honor of being a gentleman. He remained faithful to Pip after Pip‟s encounter of the good luck.First, for Pip, Joe protected him from the abusing and mistreating of his sister （Du 6）.When Joe accepted Joe‟s sister as his wife, he told her to bring her poor little kid together. Definitely, Joe was a man of great sympathy. He was always there for aiding and comforting Pip in his own way. Pip‟s sister was bad-tempered and always treated him badly. It was Joe who took care of Pip and treated him as a friend and even a son. Joe provided a peaceful shelter for Pip and kept the family which was full of violence. Even though Joe was a blacksmith without advanced education, he protected his family in his own way. With an ill-tempered and unreasonable wife, he chose to keep silent and stood all the sufferings. Most remarkable, Joe showed his respect to each member of his family and treats them with love and patience, including Joe‟s sister. His conception of family was left with Pip, which impressed him deeply. It was certainly Joe who made Pip a kind-hearted and innocent kid.Apart from a protector and friend, Joe set a moral example for Pip. Even though he was nobody, he taught Pip with noble character and simple ways he behaved. He showed the meaning of what a gentleman should behave except appearance. For example, when a stranger intended to buy him a cup of wine, he did not want to covet little advantages and insisted on paying for the bills; when Pip left for London to get a better life, he sincerely congratulated Pip on his chance to get better education, rather than envied him. He was satisfied with his present life as a blacksmith. Meanwhile, Pip tried hard to learn how to be a gentleman in London in his own way. But that was about banquet, cocktail, servant and how to spend money, which was not the true meaning of a gentleman. After Pip came to London to have the cultivation for the gentleman, he began to look down upon the low class, even his best friend: Joe. As shown in the Great Expectations:“One Monday morning I received a letter from Biddy in which sheinformed me of Joe‟s intention to visit me at Barnard‟s in the nextmorning. I did not look forward with pleasure to this visit, and if I couldhave kept him away by paying money […] but I had the sharpestsensitiveness to his being seen by Drummel, whom I held in contemptbecause he was idle, stupid and haughty”. (Dickens 114)It is quite ironic that Pip embarrassed Joe when Joe came to visit Pip. Pip became quite ashamed of Joe‟s manner and picky. However, Joe did not blame him for his treatment and is not angry with his coldness. He tried his best to understand Pip.At the end of the story, when Pip got sick, as his best friend, Joe did not mind Pip‟s previous behavior and took good care of him. After Pip‟s recovery and silent departure, Joe did not want to bother Pip. He asked for nothing and cared more about Pip‟s life.Joe‟s kindness and love finally brought the old Pip back. Pip began to introspect into his own minds. He came to recognize his mistakes and felt ashamed and guilty.We can treat Joe with many virtues as a symbol. Obviously, he symbolizes all the goodness Pip lacks and finally gains. He is a teacher more than a friend. During Pip‟s growth, Joe plays a balancing role. When Pip gets lost in his great expectations, Joe is still there and supports him. In a word, it is Joe who makes Pip return to his nature.2.2Biddy’s help and companyBiddy was an important character in Pip‟s transition of character. She was a clever, sweet-tempered and kindhearted girl of high intelligence. Biddy was always the one he could think of when he was to make any decision. They had built solid friendship in Pip‟s childhood.More precisely, Biddy was Pip‟s first conductor, guiding him to the new world of knowledge. Biddy was a teacher more than a friend. Pip‟s rough sister could not give him chances to satisfy his curiosity for knowledge. When Pip attended a night class, he found out that it was not a school, where there were not textbooks and teachers.“During this period I attended an evening school kept by Mr.Wopsle‟sgreat-aunt. Her method of education was peculiar, for she usually wentto sleep from six to seven every evening, leaving her pupils to improvethemselves as best they could by seeing her do it .Mr.Wopsle‟sgreat-aunt, besides keeping this Education Institution, kept in the sameroom a little general shop”(Dickens 33).Pip is longing for knowledge is an important and obvious factor of his mental change. Pip begins to look forward to unexpected life in the future. From several chapters of this novel, we can know that Pip is a smart boy.As for Pip, his sister paid no attention for his education. He came to know alphabets with the help of his friend, Biddy. He was active to gain knowledge due to his being a knowledge-thirsty boy. He was glad to ask Biddy how to manage to learn everything. Regardless of its inconvenience, Pip was glad to copy it at home and taught himself.Most importantly, Biddy helped Pip when Pip had a tough time, especially after Pip met Estella. When Pip told Biddy that he had been in love with a girl who mocked at her, Biddy questioned his intention to be a gentleman and told him to leave her alone. Although Pip did not accept her advice, Biddy was still tolerant and saw him off. At the end of the story, when Pip experienced all the sufferings and Biddy had been married with Joe, which shocked Pip and made a mess of his life, Biddy was still there for him.Dickens tried to create the character of Biddy as a role of mother to Pip. She was also the one who help Pip remain innocent and kind nature. Besides, Dickens made her Joe‟s wife on purpose due to his intention to indicate the meaning of people‟ influences. Afterwards, Biddy named her baby after Pip. Biddy exercised an invisible, formative influence on Pip‟s character. It is Biddy who inspired Pip greatly in the positive way while Estella in the negative way.2.3The obsession with EstellaEstella was also a poor girl raised by Miss Havisham and used as a tool to take revenge on men. She was a lofty, arrogant girl who was brought up like that. Pip was influenced by Estella and had her arrogance, pride, prejudice and indifference. She motivated Pip to strive to realize his great expectation and be a member of upper class. As Pip describe:“I love her simply because I found her irresistible. Once for all, I knew tomy sorrow, often and often, if not always, that I loved her against reason,against promise, against peace, against hope, against happiness, againstall discouragement that could be. Once for all; I love her nonethelessbecause I knew it, and it had no more influence in restraining me, than ifI had devoutly believed her to be human perfection” (Dickens 229).His obsession with Estella is easily seen from above. That he wanted to marry Estella was definitely a part of his great expectations.Growing in the small countryside and influenced by persons like Joe and Biddy, Pip was growing up in a natural and simple way. Therefore, Pip was a shy, sincere and kindhearted kid before his first visit to Miss Havisham and Estella. Pip loved Estella at the first sight. However, Estella contempted her and mocked at his coarse hands,heavy boots, and moreover the way he spoke. Estella was the one who made Pip determined to elbow his way to the upper class and pursue his great expectations. Pip described in Great Expectations:“The beautiful young lady at Miss Havisham‟s, and she‟s more beautifulthan anybody ever was, and I admired her dreadfully, and I want to be agentleman on her account […]. When we went in to supper, the place andthe meal would have a more homely look than ever, and I would feelmore ashamed of home than ever, in my own ungracious breast […].Ishould never like Joe‟s trade. I had liked it once, but once was not now”(Dickens 79).Apparently, Estella had turned Pip in to a more ambitious man who wanted to shut his past out. As time went by, Pip gradually lost his previous virtues and got into the gentlemen‟s habits such as apathy and ingratitude. Pip regarded himself as a gentleman superior to common persons. He was completely eager to cut himself from the old Pip and even from his old companies. Pip mainly influenced by Estella ,who once was an innocent and simple boy, far away from nature, was polluted to be a sophisticated man of dramatic vanity.Estella used to satisfy with her life which Miss Havisham gave her. However, she gradually got bored and tied of this kind of dumb life. What made her determined to marry the rough guy was actually that she wanted to get rid of Miss Havisham.Estella is not only influenced Pip but also got touched and moved by Pip. At the end of the story, when Pip visited Miss Havisham‟s mansion, he encountered Estella and persuaded her to leave the past behind and get out of the house with him.Her confession also marked the maturity of Pip, and returning back to good nature, because Pip had forgiven and accepted her.2.4Miss Havisham’s misleadingMiss Havisham was a crazy, mad, vengeful and wealthy old woman, who lived in a shabby and rotting house and wore a dirty and old wedding dress, which she was never willing to take off forever. Anyway, she is a poor character.Miss Havisham‟s miserable life was totally about revenge due to a disobliging man called Compeyson, who abandoned her on their wedding day. Since then, Miss Havisham became kind of insane and abnormal. Consequently, she turned all the clocks in her house at 8:40, the moment when she was informed of her fiancé…s cheating and betrayal (Qin 74). After all the terrible experiences, she fostered Estella and brought her up as a tool to revenge on men (Guo 72). She was even cruel to his relatives .We are confused why Miss Havisham does this to Pip and Estella, because they have nothing to do with Miss Havisham‟s misery.Miss Havisham was unaware of that her vengeful action was harmful to both Pip and Estella. She made Estella an arrogant and snobbish lady without sympathy, sentiment and softness, who enjoyed men‟s pursuit. This twisted and abnormal bring-up was incorrect as a result that Estella‟s personality was totally distorted. She was extremely satisfied with the incorrect consequence that Estella…s attracting and tormenting men, which indirectly led to the transition of Pip‟s character. In a word,What Miss Havisham was desperate for is that Estella repeating her tragedy.Having realized that Pip had a crush on Estella, she came up with a filthy idea that she encouraged Pip to meet Estella. What was worse was that she gave Pip the expectations to marry Estella, but also pretended to be Pip‟s mysterious sponsor after Pip paid a visit to her before his departure to London. She indulged Pip‟s vanity to pursue the illusory dreams deliberately. She made Pip come to get confused between reality and dream and expand his ambition.Moreover, when Pip was in London .she often asked Pip to visit her regularly. She provided chances for Pip to stay with Estella alone. To say it in a different way, Miss Havisham straightly put Pip to be a vanity man for wealth and social status,which ended up with Pip‟s lost in his great expectations. Finally, she made Estella marry a rich man, which completely broke Pip‟s heart. When Pip knew that Miss Havisham was not the mysterious sponsor, he began his self-examination. At last, Miss Havisham regretted about things she had done to both Pip and Estella. When she caught fire, Pip was full of contradictions. He was not sure whether he should save her or not. Finally, Pip‟s kindness and conscience won and he managed to save her. Death made Miss Havisham released and Pip more mature.Miss Havisham‟s quest for revenge lasted until her death.Generally speaking, Miss Havisham is the one who should be responsible for Pip‟s misery. She made Pip turn into a ambitious and arrogant man. But it is also Miss Havisham who makes Pip mature and find himself. It seems destined that Miss Havisham ends up with her death in a fire by accident after Pip‟s last visit.2.5The kindness, gratitude and generosity of MagwitchMagwitch was a kindhearted and grateful criminal who escaped from prison, and who Pip once stole food to help. When he was arrested, he still remembered saving Pip from the accusation of stealing food. Few years later, he helped Pip to have a better and further education in London anonymously. Pip was grateful to his benefactor at first, but later when he figured it out whom the real mysterious man was, he was worried and afraid.Magwitch was like Pip‟s second father, who actually had done exceedingly more than his real parents. Later, he risked his life and came back to see Pip. In return, he was disappointed by Pip, who believed that his future was slim and totally destroyed by the fact that the mysterious man turned out to be a convict, rather than Miss Havisham, a woman in the upper class. Every time Magwitch managed to hold Pip‟s hand, Pip would like to release them as quickly as he can. What made Pip more disgusted was the way Mawitch behaved for example the way he ate.After having been with Magwitch for a few days, Pip came to understand thelove of Magwitch. Magwitch‟s love to him finally woke his conscience and kindness up in his deep heart. Although Pip finally failed to help Magwitch run away, he regained his kindness.2.ConclusionPip‟s conversions of character and final return back to nature give us a lot to contemplate. First, environment especially people, played an important part in the formation of character in both the active and positive ways. The objective external factors including people that surround us contribute more to the transition of character sometimes instead of the genetic inheritance. Second, people have to learn how to make a choice. Whether you need to change yourself to pursue what you want is a question. Third, the good, the true and the beautiful prevail, which are reflected from those figures with less education and money. Social status and money are finally bubbles which will burst sooner or later. Joe and Biddy knows that. But, for Pip, it takes him some time to understand this lesson.In Great Expectations, Charles Dickens tells us the importance of human nature by the conversion of Pip‟s character. Pip is a kind-hearted and innocent kid. Gradually, he became arrogant, selfish, snobbish and indifferent influenced mainly by Estella and Miss Havisham. Pip came to get lost and confused in his dream and reality with his unrealistic great expectations. Through the whole story, Pip finds his own identity during the process that he struggles to be a gentleman. With the help of Joe, Magwitch and Biddy, Pip corrects his false values. In this thesis, we can easily know that Pip‟s complex character is the result of the influence of people.The author also conveys the message that we have to make a choice in face with external troubles, and one‟s own conscience should be the standard of judgment. The outside parts such as appearance, social status and so on is superficial. The peace of inner heart remains significant.Works citedDickens, Charles. Great Expectations. Wordsworth Editions Ltd, 1992.Liu Bingshan. A Short History of English Literature. Henan Renmin Press. 2007. Stacy, J. W. Living in Sin: The Victorian Sexual Revolution. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1979.Sun Huaxiang. Highlights of British Literature. China Social Sciences Press. 2010. Zuo Jinmei. A New Survey of English Literature. China Ocean University Press, 2011. 杜珏. 浅析远大前程中乔对皮普的三重角色以及对小说主题的影响. 青年文学家, 2011, (3): 12-14..郭荣. 论远大前程中的女性人物对皮普性格发展的影响. 哈尔滨学院学院, 2009（5）: 72.罗经国. 狄更斯评论集. 上海: 上海译文出版社, 1981秦燕. 浅析远大前程中哈维夏姆和马格维奇悲剧命运背后的社会心理. 琼州学院报, 2009，（2）: 74.朱红. 狄更斯小说欣赏. 太原: 陕西人民出版社, 1985..。

远大前程梗概六百字作文英文回答：Great Expectations is a novel written by Charles Dickens. It tells the story of Pip, a young orphan who dreams of becoming a gentleman and rising above his humble beginnings. Throughout the novel, Pip encounters various characters who shape his journey and influence his ambitions.One of the major themes in Great Expectations is the pursuit of wealth and social status. Pip is initially motivated by the desire to escape his poverty and become a gentleman. He believes that money and social standing will bring him happiness and fulfillment. This theme is reflected in the character of Miss Havisham, who is obsessed with wealth and uses it to manipulate others.Another theme in the novel is the importance of identity and self-discovery. As Pip progresses in hisjourney, he begins to question his own values and priorities. He realizes that true happiness comes from within and not from external factors such as wealth or social status. This theme is exemplified through the character of Joe, who remains humble and content despite his modest circumstances.Additionally, Great Expectations explores the concept of guilt and redemption. Pip carries a burden of guilt throughout the novel, particularly in his treatment of Joe and his involvement with the criminal, Magwitch. However, he eventually learns the power of forgiveness and finds redemption in his actions. This theme is illustrated through the character of Magwitch, who transforms from a hardened criminal to a compassionate individual.Overall, Great Expectations is a novel that delves into the complexities of human ambition, identity, and morality. It teaches us the importance of self-reflection and the pursuit of true happiness. Through its vivid characters and engaging plot, the novel continues to resonate with readers today.中文回答：《远大前程》是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的一部小说。

关于远大前程的论文引言“远大前程”一词源自英国文学家查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《远大前程》（Great Expectations），意为对未来的崇高期望和追求。

对于每个人来说，远大前程都是一个吸引人的概念，代表着个人和社会的发展和进步。

本论文将探讨远大前程的重要性，并讨论如何实现一个远大前程。

远大前程的意义远大前程是每个人都需要追求的目标，它代表了个人在职业、教育和个人成长方面的预期和期许。

拥有一个远大前程可以激励人们不断努力和奋斗，为实现自己的梦想而努力。

远大前程还代表着社会整体的发展和进步，一个国家或社会的远大前程意味着经济繁荣、科技进步和公民福祉的提升。

远大前程的实现实现一个远大前程需要一系列的努力和策略。

以下是一些实现远大前程的关键要素：1. 目标设定首先，为了实现一个远大前程，我们需要设定明确的目标。

明确的目标可以帮助我们有条不紊地迈向我们的期望。

目标应该是具体的、可衡量的和可实现的，并且应该与我们的价值观和兴趣相一致。

2. 持续学习和成长实现一个远大前程需要不断的学习和成长。

通过学习新知识、发展新技能和经验积累，我们可以不断改进自己，并为实现远大前程奠定坚实的基础。

3. 持久的努力和毅力实现一个远大前程的过程中，我们会遇到挫折和困难。

然而，持久的努力和坚持不懈的毅力是成功的关键。

面对困难时，我们应该保持积极的态度，并寻找解决问题的方法。

4. 寻找合作伙伴和支持系统寻找合作伙伴和支持系统可以帮助我们在实现远大前程的过程中获得支持和鼓励。

合作伙伴可以分享和交流经验和知识，支持系统可以为我们提供支持和指导。

5. 灵活适应和调整实现一个远大前程需要我们能够灵活适应和调整。

随着时间的推移，我们的目标和计划可能会发生变化，我们需要能够灵活地调整我们的策略和计划，以适应新的情况和挑战。

结论远大前程是每个人都渴望实现的梦想，它代表着个人和社会的发展和进步。

通过设定明确的目标、持续学习和成长、持久的努力和毅力、寻找合作伙伴和支持系统以及灵活适应和调整，我们可以逐步实现我们的远大前程。

中国网络大学CHINESE NETWORK UNIVERSITY本科毕业设计(论文)小说《远大前程》的体裁分析院系名称：专业：学生姓名：学号：*********指导老师：中国网络大学教务处制2018年03月01日摘要关于个人成长和教育的传统文学体裁被称为成长小说，该小说体裁起源于18世纪德国，并流行于欧美各国。

许多文学大师创作了许多不朽之作。

其中英国十九世纪著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯的《远大前程》就是一部成长小说的经典之作。

关于狄更斯的小说《远大前程》的研究可谓汗牛充栋，也不乏有从成长小说角度进行研究的文献，但其中缺少从小说主要元素的角度进行系统研究的文章。

本文将依据文学原理中的小说三大主要元素，即主题、人物和情节对《远大前程》进行详细分析，论证作品符合成长小说的定义及其特点，是典型的成长小说。

本论文由四部分组成，第一部分是引言，主要介绍作者查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品《远大前程》；第二部分主要介绍成长小说理论、小说的三大要素：主题、人物和情节；第三部分从小说的主题、人物和情节等三要素分析《远大前程》中的主题类型、人物设定和情节模式，阐述小说的成长小说属性，论证《远大前程》是一部典型的成长小说。

第四部分是结论，总结论文探讨的主旨。

关键词：《远大前程》；成长小说；体裁分析；文学元素AbstractThe initiation story（also known as Bildungsroman）is a novel of personal development or of education. It originated from Germany in the latter half of the 18th century and has since become one of the major narrative genres in European and Anglo-American literature. Some classics of this type published across the global, one of them is Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations. Dickens’ novel Great Expectations presents the growth and development of Pip, the protagonist of the novel.Many researches on Great Expectations as an initiation story have been done. But no researches have included all the three main elements of theme, character and plot in the novel. With the three elements from the Elements of Literature by Zhang Jian, this paper is to have a genre analysis of Dickens’ Great Expectations from three aspects---the initiation theme, the character design and the plot pattern, thus proving that Great Expectations is a typical Initiation story.This paper consists of four parts. The first part is about an introduction to Charles Dickens and his novel Great Expectations, researches done and the research needed to be done. The second part is an introduction to the initiation story, its definition, its origin, its development and its characteristics. The third part is an analysis of Great Expectations as a typical initiation story which involves the initiation theme, the character design, and the plot pattern. The last part concludes with a reiteration of the main points discussed in this paper.Key Words: Great Expectations; Initiation story; genre analysis; literary elementsContents摘要 (II)Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ I II 1. Introduction . (1)1.1 Charles Dickens and His Works (1)1.2 Introduction of Great Expectations (1)1.3 The Current Research of Great Expectations and the Significance of this Paper (2)2. The Initiation Story---a Specific Literature Genre (3)2.1 Its Definition (3)2.2 Its Origin and Development (3)2.3 The Characteristics of the Initiation Story (4)3. The Analysis of Great Expectations as a Typical Initiation Story (5)3.1 The Initiation Theme in Great Expectations (5)3.1.1 The Initiation in the Protagonist’s Life Changes (5)3.1.2 The Initiation in the Protagonist’s Characteristic Changes (7)3.2 The Character Design (8)3.2.1 The Main Character Design (9)3.2.2 The Minor Character Design (10)3.3 The Plot Pattern (11)3.3.1 The Similarity of Plots in Pip’s Boyhood (11)3.3.2 The Turning Point of the Initiation (11)3.3.3 The Maturation and Self-discovery of the Protagonists (12)4. Conclusion (12)Bibliography (13)Acknowledgments.......................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

《远大前程》研究综述内容摘要：《远大前程》是狄更斯的代表作之一，但一直以来并未得到应有的关注，已有的研究大多是针对其主题思想、人物刻画和叙事特点进行论述，少有创新。

本文试图系统地归纳和总结前人的研究成果，包括研究历史及评价，研究内容，存在的不足和前景展望等，从而方便以后对《远大前程》进行更深入的研究。

关键字：狄更斯《远大前程》文本批评查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens，1812--1870）是英国十九世纪伟大的批判现实主义作家，一生创作了大量作品，广泛描写了19世纪英国维多利亚时代的社会生活，揭露了资产阶级金钱世界的种种罪恶，他的创作代表了英国19世纪批判现实主义潮流的最高成就。

《远大前程》（又名《孤星血泪》）是狄更斯创作晚期的一部长篇小说，也是其代表作之一。

故事讲述了一个叫匹普的乡下孤儿，在姐姐的辱骂和姐夫的关怀下长大，一直想成为像姐夫乔一样的铁匠，但在去过富有的郝薇香小姐家里，看到了美丽的艾斯黛拉之后，便希望自己飞黄腾达，以配得上艾斯黛拉。

恰好他曾经救过的一位逃犯在国外发了财，寄钱给他，努力想把他培养为上等人，帮他实现了梦想。

匹普以为资助他的是郝薇香小姐，自己前程远大，将和艾斯黛拉结婚，逐渐疏远了一直关心他的乔和毕蒂。

可就在匹普满怀憧憬之时，他偶然发现，艾斯黛拉不过是郝薇香小姐拿来报复男人的工具，对他毫无感情可言，此时逃犯也从国外回来，钱财被当局没收，他的前程随即烟消云散。

此时的匹普并无伤感，反而变得清醒，最终靠自己的努力作出了一份事业，并与寡居的艾斯黛拉结合。

一、国外研究简述《远大前程》问世不久，就引起了许多学者的关注。

从十九世纪到今天，西方对这部作品的研究一直没有中断，或臧或否，褒贬不一。

赞赏者认为《远大前程》可以进入狄更斯最有影响力的小说之列，它保留了狄更斯往常小说的一贯风格（人物形象阴沉暗淡，故事场景违背常态等），但是它的人物刻画更加传神，情节结构十分严谨，值得称道。

远大前程中的贫困与阶级固化1. 引言《远大前程》是查尔斯·狄更斯创作的一部伟大的小说，描绘了维多利亚时代英格兰社会的各个阶层之间的关系。

在这部小说中，贫困和阶级固化是两个重要主题。

贫穷和贫富不均是那个时代社会面临的现实问题，而阶级固化则使得人们很难从出生时的社会地位上升。

2. 贫困和社会底层生活《远大前程》通过描述许多贫苦人家的生活情况来展示当时社会底层人群所面临的艰辛生活。

例如，乔治·鲍力先生一家就以极度贫穷、低下而知名。

他们住在拥挤肮脏、没有基本设施的公寓里，靠着微薄收入勉强维持生计。

这些图景向读者展示了当时工人阶级经历的艰辛和无望。

3. 财富差距和阶级固化《远大前程》还揭示了当时社会中的严重贫富差距，以及阶级固化导致的社会不公平。

小说中有许多富有和有势力的人物，如哈脊密斯·法斯汀、奥维西亚·吉普以及导师朱利叶斯·斯派德等。

这些角色展示了他们所享受到的优待和特权，并强调了他们与底层人群之间不可逾越的鸿沟。

4. 主人公身份与机遇小说主人公菲利普·皮尔要通过自己的努力挣脱贫穷，但他发现自己陷入阶级固化的局限中。

菲利普出生在一个贵族家庭，却因为母亲婚外情而被社会边缘化。

尽管他天赋异禀、勤奋努力，在工作和学习上都取得优异成绩，但由于家世背景问题，仍然难以改变自己的处境。

5. 反思与启示《远大前程》通过展示贫困和阶级固化，引发了读者对当代社会问题的深思。

虽然该小说背景设定在19世纪英格兰，但其中揭示的社会不公和固化阶级问题在当代社会仍然存在。

它提醒我们要认识到财富不均和机会差距对社会平等造成的影响，并激励人们为实现更公平正义而努力奋斗。

6. 总结《远大前程》中的贫困与阶级固化是一个扣人心弦、引起读者共鸣的主题。

通过描绘底层人群生活和主人公的经历，该小说呈现了一个真实而残酷的社会环境。

同时，这也是对当代社会中贫富差距和阶级隔离问题的深刻反思。

我们有责任以此为警示，共同努力为构建一个更加平等与公正的社会而奋斗。

[远大前程/ 查尔斯·狄更斯著]Great Expectations by Charles Dickens■简介总是希望和周围的朋友攀比，这是人类的一大弱点。

如果他们有钱，我们也希望有钱。

如果他们很穷，那么我们也不在乎同样受穷。

我们不会因为自己的愚蠢而羞愧，我们只会因为比周围的朋友更蠢才感到羞愧。

这就是“人比人”的问题。

其实这里还有“往前看”的问题。

我们无所谓错过什么，假如从未期待拥有。

我们也不会因为贫穷而失望，既然我们不曾指望富有。

匹普又穷又没受过什么教育，但好在他的朋友们也都一样。

对他们来说，这并没有什么；这就是生活的本来面目。

然而，一旦匹普得知他有“远大前程”，他开始不再安分了。

他羞于与自己的伙伴们为伍，他甚至还自惭形秽。

他的“前程”显然有摧毁他的生活的“危险”。

查尔斯·狄更斯（1812—1870）是英国最伟大的小说家之一。

尽管出生清贫（他父亲因负债而入狱），他却在有生之年获得盛名而且富有。

■人物介绍Pip 匹普又名Handel汉德尔；教名菲利普Abel Magwitch，a convict阿伯尔·马格韦契，一名罪犯Mrs Joe Gargery，Joe's wife and Pip's sister乔·葛吉瑞夫人，乔的妻子，匹普的姐姐Joe Gargery，the village blacksmith乔·葛吉瑞，乡村铁匠Compeyson，a convict 康培生，一名罪犯Mr Pumblechook，Joe's uncle潘波趣先生，乔的舅舅Mr Wopsle，church clerk伍甫赛先生，教堂里的办事员Biddy，Mr Wopsle's young cousin毕蒂，伍甫赛先生的表妹Miss Havisham 郝薇香小姐Estella，adopted by Miss Havisham艾丝黛拉，被郝薇香小姐收养Herbert Pocket 赫伯特·朴凯特Matthew Pocket，Herbert's father马修·朴凯特，赫伯特的父亲Orlick奥立克Mr Jaggers，a London lawyer贾格斯先生，一名伦敦律师Mr Wemmick，Mr Jaggers’clerk文米克先生，贾格斯先生的雇员Bentley Drummle本特利·朱穆尔Startop史达多蒲Miss Skiffins，engaged to Wemmick斯基芬小姐，已与文米克先生有婚约The aged parent，or the Aged，Wemmick's father年老的父亲，或老年人，文米克的父亲■1 Pip meets a strangerMy first name was Philip，but when I was a small child I could only manage to say Pip．So Pip was what every-body called me．I lived in a small village in Essex with my sister，who was over twenty years older than me，and married to Joe Gargery，the village blacksmith．My parentshad died when I was a baby，so I could not remember them at all，but quite often I used to visit the churchyard，abut a mile from the village，to look at their names on their gravestones．My first memory is of sitting on a gravestone in that church-yard one cold，grey，December afternoon，looking out at the dark，flat，wild marshes divided by the black line of the River Thames，and listening to the rushing sound of the sea in the distance．‘Don't say a word！’cried a terrible voice，as a man jumped up from among the graves and caught hold of me．‘If you shout I'll cut your throat！’He was a big man，dressed all in grey，with an iron chain on his leg．His clothes were wet and torn．He looked exhausted，and hungry，and very fierce．I had never been so frightened in my whole life．‘Oh！Don't cut my throat，sir！’I begged in terror．‘Tell me your name，boy！Quick！’he said，still holding me．‘And show me where you live！’‘My name's Pip，sir．And I live in the village over there．’He picked me up and turned me upside-down．Nothing fell out of my pocket except a piece of old bread．He ate it in two bites，like a dog，and put me back on the gravestone．‘So where are your father and mother？’he asked．‘There，sir，’I answered，pointing to their graves．‘What！’he cried，and was about to run，when he saw where I was pointing．‘Oh！’he said．‘I see．They're dead．Well，who do you live with，if I let you live，which I haven't decided yet？’‘With my sister，sir，wife of Joe Gargery，the blacksmith．’Blacksmith，you say？And he looked down at his leg．Then he held me by both arms and stared fiercely down into my eyes．‘Now look here．You bring me a file．You know what that is？And you bring me some food．If you don't，or if you tell anyone about me，I'll cut your heart out．’‘I promise I'll do it，sir，’I answered．I was badly fright ened and my whole body was trembling .‘You see，’he continued，smiling unpleasantly，‘I travel with a young man，a friend of mine，who roasts boys’hearts and eats them．He'll find you，wherever you are，and he'll have your heart．So bring the file and the food to that wooden shelter over there，early tomorrow morning，if you want to keep your heart，that is Remember，you promised！’I watched him turn and walk with difficulty across the marshes，the chain hanging clumsily around his leg．Then I ran home as fast as I could．My sister，Mrs Joe Gargery，was very proud of the fact that she had brought me up‘by hand’．Nobody explained to me what this meant，and because she had a hard and heavy hand，which she used freely on her husband as well as me，I supposed that Joe and I were both brought up by hand．She was not a beautiful woman，being tall and thin，with black hair and eyes and a very red face．She clearly felt that Joe and I caused her a lot of trouble，and she frequently complained about it．Joe，on the other hand，was a gentle，kind man with fair hair and weak blue eyes，who quietly accepted her scolding．Because Joe and I were in the same position of being scolded by Mrs Joe，we were good friends，and Joe protected me from her anger whenever he could．So when I ran breathless into the kitchen，he gave me a friendly warning．‘She's out look-ing for you，Pip！And she's got the stick with her！’This stick had been used so often for beating me that it was now quite smooth．Just then Mrs Joe rushed in．‘Where have you been，you young monkey？'she shouted．I jumped behind Joe to avoid being hit with the stick．‘Only to the churchyard，’I whispered，starting to cry．‘Churchyard！If I hadn't brought you up，you'd be in the churchyard with our parents．You'll send me to the church-yard one day！Now let me get your supper ready，both of you！’For the rest of the evening，I thought of nothing but the stranger on the marshes．Sometimes，as the wind blew round the house，I imagined I heard his voice outside，and I thought with horror of the young man who ate boys’hearts．Just before I went to bed，we heard the sound of a big gun on the marshes．‘Was that a gun，Joe？’I asked．‘Ah！'said Joe．‘Another convict's escaped．One got away last night．They always fire the gun when one escapes．’‘Who fires the gun？’I asked．Joe shook his head to warn me．‘Too many questions，’frowned my sister．‘If you must know it's the men in the prison-ships who fire the gun．’‘I wonder who is put into prison-ships，and why？’I asked，in a general way，quietly desperate to know the answer．This was too much for Mrs Joe．‘Listen，my boy，I didn't bring you up by hand to annoy people to death！There are ships on the river which are used as prisons．People who steal and murder are put in the prison-ships，and they stay there for years sometimes．And they always begin their life of crime by asking too many questions！Now，go to bed！’I could not sleep at all that night．I was in terror of the young man who wanted my heart，I was in terror of the man with the iron chain，I was in terror of my sister，who would soon discover I had stolen her food．As soon as there was a lit-tle light in the sky outside my window，I got up and went qui-etly down to the kitchen．I stole some bread，cheese and a big meat pie，hoping that，as there was a lot of food ready for Christmas，nobody would notice what was missing．I did not dare take the whole brandy bottle，so I poured some into a smaller bottle to take away with me．Then I filled up the brandy bottle with what I thought was water from a big brown bottle．I took a file from Joe's box of tools，and ran out on to the dark marshes．The mist was so thick that I could not see anything．Al-though I knew my way to the shelter very well，I almost got lost this time．I was near it when I saw a man sitting on the ground，half asleep．I went up and touched his shoulder．He jumped up，and it was the wrong man！He was dressed in grey，too，and had an iron chain on his leg．He ran away into the mist．‘It's the young man！’I thought，feeling a pain in my heart．When I arrived at the shelter，I found the right man．He looked so cold and hungry that I felt sorry for him．Trembling violently he swallowed the brandy and ate the food like a hunt-ed animal，looking around him all the time for danger．‘You're sure you didn't tell anyone？Or bring anyone？’‘No，sir．I'm glad you're enjoying the food，sir．’‘Thank you，my boy．You've been good to a poor man．’‘But I'm afraid there won't be any left for him．’‘Him？Who's that？’My friend stopped in the middle of eating．‘The young man who travels with you．’‘Oh，him！’he replied，smiling．‘He doesn't want any food．’‘I thought he looked rather hungry，’I answered．He stared at me in great surprise．‘Looked？When？’‘Just now，over there．I found him half asleep and I thought it was you．He was dressed like you，and—’I was anxious to express this politely‘-he had the same reason for wanting to borrow a file．’‘Then I did hear them fire the gun last night！You know，boy，when you're on the marsh alone at night，you imagine all kinds of things，voices calling，guns firing，soldiers marching！But show me where this man went．I'll find him and I'll fin-ish with him！I'll smash his face！Give me the file first．’I was afraid of him now that he was angry again．‘I'm sorry，I must go home now，’I said．He did not seem to hear，so I left him bending over his leg and filing away at his iron chain like a madman．Halfway home I stopped in the mist to listen，and I could still hear the sound of the file．■1 匹普与一位陌生人相遇我的教名叫菲利普，但是在我小时候，我仅会说匹普。

析《远大前程》主要人物自我改进的过程摘要：《远大前程》是英国著名批判现实主义小说家查尔斯.狄更斯后期最为成熟的作品之一。

这部小说以维多利亚早期的英格兰为背景，描写了主人公匹普从少年到成熟成长发展，自我改进的过程。

在书中，主要人物都发生了转折性的变化，并不断地改进自己。

本论文通过分析小说中主要人物匹普，艾斯黛拉和郝薇香的生活经历和思想转变来说明他们的自我改进的过程。

本文旨在告诉人们：幸福和快乐与金钱和社会地位并非密切相关，良知和真爱才是最重要的。

人要不断改进自己。

关键词：自我改进生活经历思想引言《远大前程》是英国19世纪最伟大的批判现实主义小说家查尔斯.狄更斯生前的最后一部小说，也是其后期最为成熟的作品之一。

它以主人公匹普从少年到成年所经历的由天真到虚荣，到幻想破灭，到找到新的自我的成长发展，自我改进的过程为主线，描述了皮普追求“远大前程”的过程。

同时，以其他主要人物的自我改进过程为辅线，告诉人们：幸福和快乐与金钱和社会地位并非密切相关，良知和真爱才是最重要的。

人要不断改进自己。

1、匹普的自我改进过程匹普，一个热情，内心充满了忠诚与良知的地位卑微的乡村孤儿，年少时只想成为像姐夫乔一样的铁匠。

即便是面对逃犯马格韦契，他也乐意去帮助他。

不幸的是，与富家小姐艾斯黛拉的邂逅，让匹普产生了强烈的虚荣心。

他要成为有钱的上等人，要做绅士，娶艾斯黛拉为妻，实现他的远大前程。

幸运的是，一笔神秘的资助使他有机会离开家乡来到伦敦接受成为绅士的训练，这使匹普离实现他的远大前程更近了一步。

成为上等人的虚荣心改变了匹普，他开始以他的出生卑微的朋友和家人为耻。

可是，当他知道他的资助人是他帮助过的逃犯马格韦契时，他的道德观改变了。

马格韦契被捕了，所有的财产被没收充公。

匹普成为了穷光蛋，回到家乡。

在他最落魄时，是被他嫌弃的地位卑微的善良的姐夫乔照顾他，并帮助他还清了债务。

匹普终于认识到什么才是真正的爱和人生。

并开始自食其力。

从天真无邪，充满幻想的少年到奢华势力的青年再到饱经沧桑的中年，生活的经历教育了匹普，改变了他的人生观。

远大前程毕业论文AbstractCharles Dickens is one of the greatest British realistic novelists He played a crucial role in the development of fiction and contributed greatly to the development of the writing style in British Literature Through his numerous works he presented to the readers different aspects of the times he lived in and explored the unfairness and hypocrisy of the capitalist societyThis thesis carefully analyzes the relationship between social circumstances and the develpoment of Pips character in Dickenss Great Expectations to achieve a better understanding of this novel as well as Charles Dickenss great power in criticism of societyThis thesis includes four chaptersChapter One is a breif introduction to this book as well as the author Charles DickensChapter Two dicusses the six factors of social circumstances on the development of Pips characterChapter Three focuses on the relationship between each otherOn the one handthey are closely associatedon the other handthe development of Pips character is not determined by the social circumstancesbut also by Pip himselfThe last chapter concludes that the development of a persons character is greatly influenced by the social circumstancesFacing thechallenges in lifeone should keep calm and get rid of illusions KEY WORDSCharles Dickensrelationshipsocial circumstancescharacter摘要查尔斯狄更斯是英国最伟大的批判现实主义作家之一在小说的发展进程中他担当了关键角色对英国小说写作风格贡献巨大他的众多作品从不同侧面向人们展示了他生活的时代揭露了资本主义社会的不公道与伪善本文旨在对他的后期作品《远大前程》中主人公一匹普的性格发展与社会环境之间的关系进行分析以达到对作品更好的理解并更清楚的看到狄更斯作品中批判现实主义的强大力量全文分四大部分第一章是引言部分简要介绍本书内容和作者狄更斯第二章是针对狄更斯在《远大前程》中描述的社会环境进行的分析将影响主人公性格发展的环境因素归结为六大类并指出其影响第三章侧重介绍社会环境与主人公性格发展的关系一方面两者密切相关主人公的性格发展离不开社会环境另一方面主人公的性格发展并非完全是社会环境的结果也有他自身的原因最后一章为结论即性格的发展与社会环境是紧密相连的面对生活一个人不应抱有幻想而应踏实冷静迎接挑战关键词查尔斯狄更关系社会环境性格ContentsAbstract 1摘要 2Contents 3Chapter 1 Introduction 411 Introduction to the Book 412 The Inimitable Boz-Life and Career of Charles Dickens 5Chapter 2 The Factors of Social Circumstances on the Development of Pips Character 621The Hypocrisy of the Victorian Countryside 6com Pips Sister-Mrs Gargery 7com Uncle Pumblechook 722The Pride and Dignity of the Working People 8com Joe Gargery 8com Biddy 923 The Cruelty of the Bourgeoisie 9coms Havisham 10com Jaggers 1024 The importance of social class 1125 The Genuine Friendship and the Fatherly Love 13com Herbert 13com Wemmick 13com Magwitch 1426 Pips Great Expectations and His Nature 15Chapter3 The Develpoment of Pips Character and the Social Circumstances Are Closely Connected 1731The Childhood in Tears 1732The Gentleman life of Pip 18Chapter 4 Conclusion 21Acknowledgement 22References 23Chapter 1 Introduction11 Introduction to the BookGreat Expectations is the 13th Dickens 15 novels In this very late novel the usual features of his artproliferating sub-plots legions of minor grotesques-are almost entirely absent The simplicity is that of an art form that belongs to ancient type and concentrates on permanently significant issues Great Expectations is conceived as a moral fable it is a story of a young mans development from his first self-awareness to that of his mature acceptance of the human conditionSo natural a theme imposes an elemental form on the novel the over-all pattern is defined by the process of growth and Dickens employs many of the motifs of folklore The story of Pip falls into three phases which clearly display a dialectic progression We see the boy first in his natural condition in the country responding and acting instinctively and therefore virtuously The second stage of his career involves a negation of child-like simplicity Pip acquires his expectations" renounces his origins and moves to the city He rises in society but since he acts through calculation rather than through instinctive charity his moral valuesdeteriorate as his social graces improve This middle phase of his career culminates in a sudden fall the beginning of a redemprive suffering which is dramatically concluded by an attack of brain fever leading to a long coma It is not too fanciful to regard this illness as a symbolic death Pip rises from it regenerate and percipient In the final stage of growth he returns to his birthplace abandons his false expectations accepts the limitations of his condition and achieves a partial synthesis of the virtue of his innocent youth and the melancholy insight of his later experience then with a more mature knowledge of himself and the world works out his regenerationThe book manifests a very modern theme through its descriptions of the hero in search of his identity It includes "the several meanings of humanity" the opposition between social customs institutions and mans natural instincts and the nature of sin and guilt At the same time it displays the power of love loyalty and conscience which proves to be more important than social advancement wealth and class Due to its profound enduring theme it is no wonder that it may well turn out to be the most for the fastidious reader of all the works of Dickens"12 The Inimitable Boz-Life and Career of Charles DickensCharles Dickens one of the most influential writers of the 19th century played a crucial role in the development of fiction He contributed greatly to the development of the writing style in British LiteratureCharles Dickens was born at 13 Mile End Terrace Landport Portsmouth on February 2 1812 His parents did have some limited funds put aside to send one of their children to a university or an academy Unfortunately that child was not Charles Dickens but his elder sister Fanny Charles Dickens lived in such shabby-genteel world and knew at an early age that there were no safety nets for failures At the age of twelve Charles Dickens was sent to work at a blacking factory This period was crucial to his life He worked hard to turn his dream into realityAt the age of fifteen he enrolled as a student at Wellington House Academy and also in that year he began to make a living He had worked as a solicitors clerk a freelance shorthand reporter at the law courts of Doctors Commons a reporter of parliamentary debates All these early experiences provided rich materials for his future writing and left him with a hatred of the "toadyism" and pretence produced by the English class systemShortly before his was twenty-two his professional writing career began when a comic fictional sketch was accepted by the Monthly Magazine He started to use the pseudonym "Boz" Charles Dickens married Catherine Hogarth and began his married life two days after the publishing of his first number of Pickwick Papers After publishing his next two novels The Old Curiosity Shop and Barnaby Rudge Dickens set out a tour to North America in 1842 During his stay in North America he met most of the Americanimportant literary figures of that time As soon as he returned England he began his American NotesIn all of his books Dickens showed his great concern toward the society he lived in He had the courage to change it even though he wrote "I lose belief in the possibility of the progress or even of the long existence of an Empire with such a mighty crime and danger at its heart" Dickens 193-94 And because of his immense popularity he had an influence on the shaping of social policy Politicians read him and knew they had to take into account what he wrote He was also active in social activities He advocated public action on social made numerous speeches at charity dinners and undertook private benefactions argued for an Act of Parliament to regulate the employment of women and children in mines visited the "Ragged schools" and campaigned on their behalfChapter 2 The Factors of Social Circumstances on the Development of Pips CharacterThe British society is experiencing profound changes which generates a variety of sharp contradictionsso to a certain extentPips charact is the product of the society In this sense analysis of the social factors that lead to Pips character is obviously indispensible in order to better understand the thesis21The Hypocrisy of the Victorian CountrysideThe word hypocrisy means the act or practice of pretending to believefeel or be something very diferent from and usually beter than what one actually believes feels or isGreat Expectations we see this force was prevailing The best examples of this are Pips sister and Uncle Pumblechook com Pips Sister-Mrs GargeryMrs Joe Gargery Pips hot-tempered adult sister who raises him after the death of their parents but complains constantly of the burden Pip is to her Orlick a blacksmith attacks her and she is left disabled until her death Mrs Gragery is the first woman we encounter that possesses a destructive personality She does not see motherhood as anything she should enjoy In fact she despises it She tells Pip "Id never do it again I know that I may truly say Ive never had this apron of mine off since born you were Its bad enough to be a blacksmiths wife and him a Gragery without being your mother" Dickens 7 Here we see how she resents the responsibility of caring for her broth er as well as her lot in life We also read that she not only raised Pip by hand but that she also ruled Joe with her hand as well We read that she was "much in the habit of laying it upon her husband as well as upon me I suppose that Joe Gragery and I were both brought up by hand" 5 She is not happy being a housewife and she does not regard motherhood as a worthy responsibility In fact she seems to make Pip pay for the fact that she must raise him by wearing an apron that is "full of pins and needles" 6 so she is not easily accessible Here we can see how Mrs Gragery is many things none of which resemble atraditional wife and mother In the novel she is maimed With her character Dickens is painting the portrait of a woman that has deliberately stepped outside her traditional role as wife and mother Mrs Joe essentially created Joe to be the character that he allowed himself to be With the slow death of Mrs Joe Joe reclaimed his life from his earlier insecurity Mrs Joes importance in tying Joe to Pip made the relationship between the two significantly more beliveable and without her the great expectation of this book would never have been metcom Uncle PumblechookMr Pumblechook Joe Gargerys uncle an officious bachelor and corn merchant While holding Pip in disdain he tells Mrs Joe how noble she is to raise Pip As the person who first connected Pip to Miss Havisham he even claims to have been the original architect of Pips precious fortune Pip despises Mr Pumblechook as Mr Pumblechook constantly makes himself out to be better than he really is He is a cunning impostor When Pip finally stands up to him Mr Pumblechook turns those listening to the conversation against PipHe is the local seedsman he sells seeds and stuff and is charged with escorting Pip to Miss Havishams house for the first time Because of this Mr Pumblechook believes forevermore that he had a big hand in helping Pip to his fortune He tells everyone he meets this and Pip is thoroughlyannoyed with him because as he brags Joe is silent He hordes food hes greedy and he likes to pour water into Pips milkPumblechook offtered his hand in Pips new prosperity and hid indifference towards his sufferings22The Pride and Dignity of the Working PeopleIn the capitalist society the working people usually suffer more but the virtures of human beings are frequently found in themIn Great expectationswe can find the pride and dignity from Joe and Biddy com Joe GargeryJoe is a kind-hearted young man who loved Pip very much as you will now see Joe always stood up for Pip He married Pips sister Mrs Joe only because he wanted to have Pip with him Joe withstood all of Mrs Joes meanness just to be with Pip even though Pip does not show love towards Joe Joe is not very intelligent but he is a strong man He takes satisfaction in being a blacksmith and he has pride in himself He believes in integrity and he always treats people politely An example of how Joe treats people i s at the beginning of the story when Pips criminal is apprehended When the criminal says that he is sorry for eatin g the pie Joe says "God knows youre welcome to it-so far as it was ever mine" Pg 573 Joe helps Pip with anything he is always with Pip when needed Joe is one of the characters in this story that Pip will always recollectJoe has little education His father was an alcoholic and preventedJoe from going to school He had to go to work at a young age to help support his family Joe loves Pip as though he were his own son but as Pip gets too big for his britches thanks to his fortune Joe becomes less and less a part of Pips lifeJoe is proud and we hear his lifes philosophy in the advice he gives a young humiliated Pip Joe tells Pip that if he wants to be extraordinary he has to be ordinary first He tells Pip that every king has to learn the basics first In essence everyone puts their pants on one leg at a time When Jaggers tries to buy Pip from Joe Joe nearly knocks his block off Unlike Pip Joe cares nothing for money Joe can fight a man like Orlick but he also cries at the drop of a hat Pip says of him "I have often thought him since like the steam-hammer that I can crush a man or pat an egg-shell in his combination of strength with gentleness" com Joe is embodied with both strength and softness abrasiveness and gentilityJoe is out of place in London and calls Pip "sir" instead of "Pip" He knows that Pip is beyond his reach and so never visits Pip ever again Joe has a powerful understanding of his place and role in society and leaving that role is a very difficult thing Joe loves Pip unconditionally and is a beacon of friendship and loyalty throughout Pips life It is this steadfast love that seems to really break Pips heartcom BiddyBiddy Mr Wopsles second cousin she runs an evening school from herhome in Pips village and becomes Pips teacher A kind and intelligent but poor young woman she is like Pip and Estella an orphan She is the opposite of Estella Pip ignores her obvious love for him as he fruitlessly pursues Estella After he realizes the error of his life choices he returns to claim Biddy as his bride only to find out she has married Joe Gargery Biddy and Joe later have two children one named after Pip who Estella mistakes as Pips child in the original ending Orlick was attracted to her but his affection was unreciprocated Biddy granddaughter of Mr Wopsles great-aunt the latter runs an evening school in her home in Pips village and Biddy becomes Pips teacher23 The Cruelty of the BourgeoisieIn Great Expectations we can encounter many bourgeois In this part we mainly discuss Miss Havisham and MrJaggercoms HavishamMiss Havisham is very wealthy and with her lives a young girl named Estella Estella is very pretty and intentionally rude to Pip Pips purpose of being sent to Miss Havisham is not exactly to play but rather to see how much stronger Estella is in comparison to Pip and also to hurt Pip the way she was hurt by her loved one many years ago Estella behaves this way because she learned it from her mother figure Miss Havisham Miss Havisham used Estella to avenge wrongs done to her At this point in the novel Pip is the target of avenge He is hurt by Estellas brutality towardshim She makes nasty comments about his life style his clothes and his future For example she calls him a common laboring-boy with coarse hands and thick boots She thrives on these remarks and Pips reactions to them But with each hurtful remark she throws at him he begins to learn to bury the pain inside so she would not be able to see it Pip is a loyal boy to his sister and to Joe He demeans himself and takes the insults thrown at him He becomes vulnerable to Miss Havisham because he has no other choice He becomes vulnerable to Miss Havisham because she is rich uncommon well-learned and because Pip is hoping that she will pay for his education Although he submits himself to discomfort he gets nothing in return He is still harassed by his sister and is scarred from the insults The novel portrays Pip as an abused child He is very faithful to the people that surround him Especially to his sister and Miss Havisham Through his experience with the uncommon people he becomes selfish and mad for the way he was raised up and no longer wants to learn Joes trade This change of attitude makes life for Pip harder and somehow unbearable com JaggersMr Jaggers prominent London lawyer who represents the interests of diverse clients both criminal and civil He represents Pips benefactor and is Miss Havishams lawyer as well By the end of the story his law practice is the common element that brushes many of the characters Mr Jaggers plays a pivotal role in the novel We are first introducedto him in Chapter 11 where Pip encounters the rather condescending lawyer on the stairs of Satis House Pip describes Mr Jaggers as "a burly man of an exceedingly dark complexion" We cannot help but notice that he is extremely pontificating by virtue of him holding Pips chin and being almost sure that Pip was of "a bad set of fellows" although he had scarcely known Pip for two minutesMr Jaggers silent and terrifying ambiguity conjures mystery and enigma all around him We find that very little is mentioned of his background and that he has no family He is the epitome of callousness and displays the very least human feelings and affection Through his desperate attempts to remain on the pedestal and away from social company he is also Dickens classic example of isolationism in line with the theme of Great Expectations24 The importance of social classSocial class played a major role in the society depicted in Charles Dickenss Great Expectations Social class determined the manner in which a person was treated and their access to education Yet social class did not define the character of the individualMany characters were treated differently because of their social class in Great Expectations Seeing the contrast between how the poor and the rich were treated will give a clearer understanding of how much social class mattered In chapter 27 when Joe comes to see Pip he treats Joe ina different manner than before because Joe was now in a lower social class His feelings about Joes arrival were "Not with pleasure I had the sharpest sensitiveness as to his being seen by Drummle" p 203 He was afraid that Drummle will look down on him because of Joes lower class Not only does Pip treat Joe differently Joe also treats Pip differently because of their difference in social class He begins to call Pip "sir" which bothered him because "sir" was the title given to people of higher class Pip felt that they were still good friends and that they should treat each other as equals Joe soon leaves and explains his early parting "Pip dear old chap life is made of ever so many partings welded together as I may say and one mans a blacksmith and ones a whitesmith and ones a goldsmith and ones a coppersmith Diwisions among such must come" p 209 He creates this metaphor than he is a common blacksmith and Pip is a goldsmith This difference in social class had brought upon their separation Other characters that were also judged by their social class were Magwitch and Compeyson They were both on trial for the same crime but Compeyson got off easier than Magwitch because of his higher social class Magwitch describes Compeysons defense speech "here you has afore you side by side two persons as your eyes can separate wide one the younger well brought up one the elder ill brought up which is the worst one" p 325 The decision of the trial was solely based upon social class appearance These cases show how much social class really matteredIn Great Expectations a persons social class determined the amount of education they had It is important to perceive this relationship between education and social class to clearly understand the importance of social class A person like Joe who was a common blacksmith had no education at all Pip in the early days when he was low class had a poor education at a small school The school was not the best of schools but its all that the lower class had The teacher spent more time sleeping than teaching and Pip had learned more from Biddy than from the actual teacher Even though he had an education when he was low class his education as a gentleman with Mr Pocket was much greater Another example of how social class affects education is the difference of education between the two convicts Magwitch born poor and low class had no education at all while Compeyson born rich was high class and a gentleman with an education Education is a factor in showing how social class greatly determined peoples livesEven though social class determined many things it did not establish a persons true inner character Realizing this will play a part in proving that social class did matter in most but not all cases For example the lowest class people were Joe Biddy Magwitch and Orlick Joe and Biddy were very poor but had very good hearts Joe was always there for Pip and Biddy had moved in to help Mrs Joe Magwitch was a dirty convict of the lowest class but he turned out to be a very caring and generous man Orlick waslow class and his character also turned out to be very low because he was a murderer The fact that there are both good and cold hearted people in the lower class shows that class has no connection with how people really are Another example is the richer class This includes Ms Havisham Estella Herbert Jaggers and Wemmick Ms Havisham and Estella were both very wealthy but they had no heart and their intentions were to bring hell to all men While Herbert was the opposite he was a true friend to Pip and always stayed by his side Jaggers and Wemmick also in the higher class had supported Pip through his gentleman years Being aware that not all of the high class were necessarily good people states the fact that class does not determine character Even though class mattered in most things this is an example it did not take part in25 The Genuine Friendship and the Fatherly LovePip experieced much biterness and got litle inner-satisfaction A sense of guitywas always with him But in Pips London life he made friends with Wemrnick and Herbert and got help and encouragement from them when he was in doubt Magwitch Pips real benefactor gave Pip sincerity and fatherly loveFirstlet us talk about Herbertcom HerbertHerbert Pocket a member of the Pocket family Miss Havishams presumed heirs whom Pip first meets as a "pale young gentleman" who challenges Pipto a fist fight at Miss Havishams house when both are children He is the son of Matthew Pocket Pips tutor in the "gentlemanly" arts and shares his apartment with Pip in London becoming Pips fast friend who is there to share Pips happiness as well as his troubles He has a secret relationship with a woman called Clara Herbert keeps it secret because he knows his mother would say she is below his "station" Shes actually a sweet fairy-like girl who takes care of her dying drunk of a father Herbert is Pips best friend The two first meet when they are little boys at Miss Havishams house Herbert challenges Pip to a gentlemanly fight there are rules and everything which Pip easily wins As luck would have it many years late they become roommates in London and they have a great time together Herbert shows Pip the London ropes and helps him learn how to become a gentleman If left to his own devices Herbert lives a simple frugal life However under Pips influence he starts spending more money than he owns and goes to parties and things Though Pip doesnt feel like Herbert will ever be very successful in life he loves his idealistic attitude Herbert wants to be an insurer of ships He falls in love and eventually marries Clara Barley a ship pursers daughter and they move to Cairo with Pipcom WemmickMr Wemmick is Jaggerss clerk com sidekick who lives in a self-built castle He has two very different personalities depending on where he isWhen he is in London he is all business and a bit gruff When he is at home in Walworth he is warm welcoming and generous of spiritPip likes to hang out with him at the castle because thats where Wemmick gives the best advice Inside of the castle Pip finds a number of Wemmicks inventions like little flags that function kind of like modern-day caller ID While he does not deviate from the rules in London Wemmick is constantly tinkering and being creative at the castleWemmick likes to keep his work very separate from his home and when Pip tells Jaggers that Wemmick lives in a castle with an Aged Parent Jaggers is utterly dumbfounded Immediately following this revelation Wemmick and Jaggers are very awkward around one another and it is only when they are able to collectively yell at a client that the equilibrium of their relationship is restored Wemmick provides a complicated yet interesting separation of his home life and work life His home and work lives are as different in physical appearances as they are in personality differences Many of his home habits allow him to express his care and decency which contrasts with his mechanical work which lacks good value Wemmick dedicates himself to separating the two so that he may keep his virtues intact while he works in the filth of Newgate Wemmick is alone in his success of separation when compared to others such as Jaggers and Pip Such dedication to keeping good values alive gives Wemmick so much integrity that he immediately becomes a favorite charactercom MagwitchAbel Magwitch is a fictional character from Charles Dickens novel Great ExpectationsIn the story Magwitch doesnt know where or when he was born However Pip estimates him to be around 60 when they meet in around 1829 which would place his date of birth at about 1769In the marshes ashore he meets young Pip at a graveyard He tricks the seven-year-old boy into believing that he has an accomplice who is a terrible young man who would tear out and eat Pips heart and liver if Pip didnt help them Pip terrified steals a savory pork pie brandy and a file from his house and brings them to Magwitch the next morning On his way he encounters another convict bruised in the face who he initially thought was Magwitch and then believes to be the young man Magwitch had told him about Magwitch upon hearing about the other escapee realises that Compeyson has also escaped and after having eaten drunk and filed his leg iron off he sets off to search for him He finds him and decides not caring for his own fate to take him back to the Hulks The pair are still struggling when soldiers find and seize themPip finally considers Magwitch a friend He makes frequent visits to the ailing Magwitch and holds his hand throughout Magwitchs new trial where Magwitch receives a death sentence Magwitch is declining in health and is being held in the infirmary when Pip at last tells him that his child Estella is alive Pip goes on to tell him that shes a beautiful ladyand that he Pip was in love with her Pip has found this information out as Wemmick told him Mollys story and he recognized her to be Estellas mother With a last pressure on Pips hand Magwitch dies a good and very content man26 Pips Great Expectations and His NatureFor much of Great Expectations Pip seems to believe in a stark division between good and evil and he tends to classify people and situations as belonging to one extreme or the other for instance despite their respective complexities he believes that Estella is good and the convict is evil Yet both socially and morally Pip himself is often caught between extremes his own situation rarely matches up to his moral vision The story is divided into three phases of Pips life expectationsIn the first expectation Pip lives a humble existence with his ill-tempered older sister and her strong but gentle husband Joe Gargery Pip is satisfied with this life and his warm friends until he is hired by an embittered wealthy woman Miss Havisham as an occasional companion to her and her beautiful but haughty adopted daughter Estella From that time on Pip aspires to leave behind his simple life and be a gentleman After years as companion to Miss Havisham and Estella he spends more years as an apprentice to Joe so that he may grow up to have a livelihood working as a blacksmith This life is suddenly turned upside down when he is visited by a London attorney Mr Jaggers who informs Pip that he is to come into。

远大前程英语论文第一篇：远大前程英语论文Report on Great Expectations Key words: report, Charles Dickens, great expectation, Pip, Estella Abstract: The story happened in England in 19th century.His parents died when Pip was only five years old, and he then lived with his elder sister and her husband.One night when he was looking at his parents’ tombstones, an escaped convict sprung up.Pip helped him with some food, and he was grateful.But at last he was taken by the policemen.One day Pip was taken to the Satis House, the home of the wealthy dowager Miss Havisham, who was both very rich and eccentric.This old lady was abandoned by her husband when they were going to married, and she lived in sufferings and memories for many years.During his visit, he met a beautiful girl named Estella, who treated him coldly and contemptuously.Nevertheless, he fell in love with her and dreamed of becoming a wealthy gentleman so that he might be worthy of her.One day a lawyer came to Pip and brought him a strange news: a secret benefactor has given Pip a large fortune, and Pip must come to London immediately to begin his education as a gentleman.Pip came to London, learned how to communicate, how to dance, and how to become a real gentleman…摘要：故事发生在19世纪的英国。

Appreciation of Charles Dickens’ Great ExpectationsAs we all know, Great Expectations is a novel written by Charles Dickens who is one of the greatest writers and regarded as a prolific writer of the Victorian period in19th century. Charles Dickens is also one of the remarkable but few critical realistic novelists in Europe as he not only deeply disclosed the true life of various stratums in ironic method but started a revolution of real literature.His works reveal the dark side of the society from different aspects and reflect the misery of the lower-class people. Meanwhile, he strongly expressed his humanity, especially his concern and sympathy towards the poor and think highly of the merits they have. His writing style is florid, vivid and poetic, with a strong comic, humorous and strange tongue. Many of his characters' names provide the reader with a hint, such as Mr. Murdstone in the novel David Copperfield, which is clearly a combination of “murder” and stony coldness. His literary style is also a mix ture of fantasy and realism.Great Expectations, as one of the most important works in the late period of Dick ens’ creation, differs much from his early novels. It is regarded as one of enduringly popular works, which is written in a semi-autobiographical style, involved in Dickens’ all mature thoughts after he experienced abundant lives, and highly praise the common labor workers.It is the story of the orphan Pip, writing his life from his childhood to adulthood. The story can also be considered semi-autobiographical of Dickens, like much of his work, describing his experiences of life. Great Expectations is written in first person and uses language and grammar that has fallen out of common use since its publication. It is a novel depicting growth and personal development of Pip. Throughout his childhood, Pip thought that he was going to be trained as a blacksmith, but with Magwitch's anonymous patronage, Pip travels to London and achieves his role as a gentleman at that time，Pip behaves badly in society mostly over jealousy of Estella whom Pip pursues, and squanders his allowance, running into debt.Some of the major themes of Great Expectations are crime, social class, empire and ambition. From an early age, Pip feels guilt and he is also afraid that someonewill find out his crime and arrest him. The theme of crime comes in to even greater effect when Pip discovers that his benefactor is a convict actually. Pip has an internal struggle with his conscience throughout the book. It also explores the different social classes, as Pip becomes involved with a broad range of classes, from criminal like Magwitch to the extremely rich like Miss Havisham. Pip has great ambition, as demonstrated constantly in the book.In this novel, Pip, the narrator, is the eventual victim whose characters contain three stages: At first stage: innocent, kind, generous; Second stage: snobbish, seeking for vanity, self conceited and a little greedy; Third stage: full of love, loyal, and with high morality. Through this novel, I know that Pip is a person like this: 1; All he does is for Estella, and he is considered the picture of Dickens.2; He is sensitive to the environment and various people around him. 3; he can bear pain particularly and never hurt others. 4; He is good at experiencing others’ pain and happiness.In one of Dickens's famous plot twists, Pip's benefactor turns out to be instead Abel Magwitch, the convict whom Pip helped, who afterward becomes extremely wealthy. However, every reader may believe the Miss Havisham who is a wealthy spinster is Pip’ benefactor.The revelation of his true benefactor hits Pip. He is ashamed of Magwitch's past criminal and deeply sad that Miss Havisham merely allowed him to believe she was the source of his expectations and never intended for him to marry Estella.Like Pip, after reading this novel, we all realized the money and social status is not the most things in life. What is the important are love, loyalty and conscience. Man’ true value has nothing to do with his money and status.In this novel, Dickens uses two groups of images to achieve certain effects such as the images of mist, prison and stove fire etc. which represents the dark side and the bright side respectively. Through the tension and contrast between them, he tries to deepen the theme, develop the future fate of characters. These images have constituted the inseparable parts of the novel. This article tries to interpret this novel from the effect and functions of these images. It will give us a full understanding of the novel.。

摘要英国是一个历史文化悠久的古老国家，从伊比利亚等早期居民时代到凯撒大帝统治的罗马时代，再到诺曼征服，文艺复兴，工业革命，大英帝国一路收获的不仅是经济的强大，更有无与伦比的绚烂文化。

这其中，莎士比亚独占鳌头，唯独十九世纪批判现实主义杰出代表，小说家狄更斯可与之媲美。

此文正是关于狄更斯代表作《远大前程》的分析。

狄更斯是十九世纪英国最伟大的小说家，狄更斯这不仅是因为他非凡的观察力和想象力，文章能牢牢抓住人物的性格特征，在人物塑造当中赋予角色独特的个性与生命，更在于他的小说不仅真实地反映了整整一代人的生活经历,而且生动地揭示了19 世纪中叶整个英国的社会现实,其深度与广度远远超过了同时代的其它大部分作品。

《远大前程》是狄更斯晚期一部重要的作品，可以说是集批判现实主义小说之大成。

小说围绕主人公匹普成长历程展开描写，叙述了匹普“远大前程”的幻灭过程，事实证明其在纸醉金迷的上流社会里所追逐浮华都毫无价值。

为了使人们更好的理解这部作品，并更清楚的看到狄更斯作品中批判现实主义的强大力量，本文旨在对他的《远大前程》中各主要人物的性格发展的影响因素进行分析。

关键词：《远大前程》；狄更斯；主要人物；性格变化；内外因素AbstractBritain is an ancient country with a long history and culture, from early-age residents of Iberia, to Roman times ruled by Julius Caesar, and then to the Norman conquest, the Renaissance, the industrial revolution, the British empire not only harvests all the economy boom, but also has a sea of incomparable gorgeous culture. Among them, Shakespeare pulls ahead, only the nineteenth century outstanding representative of critical realism, novelist, Dickens is the comparable. Generally regarded as the greatest literary geniuses of his time in Victorian England, Charles Dickens (1812 -1870) enjoyed a wider popularity than any previous author had done during his lifetime “because of the magnitude of his artistic achievement and because of the comprehensiveness of the picture it gives of his age. This article is about to analysis Dickens' masterpiece "great expectations". Dickens was named the nineteenth century Britain greatest novelist, not only because his special powers of observation and imagination, but his article can hold characteristics into unique individual character and life. His novels not only reflect the whole generation of life experience, but also vividly reveal the picture of middle age of the nineteenth century, and the whole of the UK social reality. Their depth and breadth are far more than the contemporary other works. "Great expectations" is an important work written by Dickens in his old age, we can say this is the greatest achievement of critical realism. This novel describes around the hero Pip, and his great expectations of disillusion process, through the facts he finally realized his target for the flashy life in a luxury and dissipation in polite society was of no value. In order to make people better understand this works, and more clearly see Dickens works' great power ofcritical realism, this article focus on the influence factors of the development of the main characters.Key words: "great expectations "；Dickens；main figures；development of character；inner and outer factorsTable of ContentsOutline (1)Introduction (3)Chapter I Dickens' Cultural Position and the Content of the "Great Expectation " (4)1.1 The Important Status of Dickens (4)1.2 The Main Content of the "Great Expectation " (4)Chapter II Several Main Characters’ Personality Development Process (7)2.1 The Original Characteristics of the Main Figures (7)2.1.1 The Original Characteristic of Pip (7)2.1.2 The Original Characteristic of Joe Gargery (7)2.1.3 The Original Characteristic of Miss Havisham (8)2.2 The Development of Characteristics of the Main Figures (10)2.2.1 The Development of Characteristics of Pip (10)2.2.2 The Development of Characteristics of Joe Gargery (11)2.2.3 The Development of Characteristics of Miss Havisham (12)Chapter III Analysis of the Inner and Outer Factors for the Above Development (14)3.1 The Inner Factors (14)3.2 The Outer Factors (15)Chapter IV Conclusion (17)Bibliography (18)Acknowledgements (20)OutlineThesis statement: Through the analysis of several main characters’personality development process, we get the inspiration that we should have strong heart and use external factors positively.I . Dickens is the most important figure in the English literature, knowing his cultural position is the first step to analysis the "Great Expectation ".A.The important statue of Dickens will never be overestimated, for that studying him canshow us a panorama of his times.B .As the most distinctive master work of Dickens, the "Great Expectation" can not onlyindicate how Dickens is, but also itself is a appreciating book.II . Character is the soul of a book, and in order to know a work better, we have to study its characters and in this book, the development of the main characters is the most sparking point.A. We need to know how the original characteristics of the main figures are so that we canset the basis of the cooperation.1. Pip is a kind hearted boy and full of sympathy.2. Joe Gargery is an honest, industrious, mild, good-natured and easy-going dear fellow.3. Miss Havisham is an eccentric and most impressive woman.B.The development of the main characters is the more weighting part, in this one we canfind that how these figures grow up and change.1.Pip changes little by little and almost becomes a bad man.2.Joe becomes unselfish and warm-hearted.3.Miss Havisham becomes an invalid in heart.III . For any development, there are some reasons; no matter they are about outside forces or inside eager, so in this part I am going to analyses the inner and outer factor for the above characters.A.Inner factors include family, family condition, faith and knowledge etc.B.Outer factors include envi ronment, friends, other’s help etc.IV. Conclusion: We should actively use external factors to pursue the great expectations.IntroductionMy first name was Philip, but when I was a small child I could only manage to say Pip. So Pip was what everybody called me. I lived in a small village in Essex with my sister, who was over twenty years older than me...With the words, we are into a story: This article is about to analysis Dickens' masterpiece "great expectations”. Dickens was named the nineteenth century Britain greatest novelist, not only because his special powers of observation and imagination, but his article can hold characteristics into unique individual character and life. His novels not only reflect the whole generation of life experience, but also vividly reveal the picture of middle age of the nineteenth century, and the whole of the UK social reality. Their depth and breadth are far more than the contemporary other works. "Great expectations" is an important work written by Dickens in his old age, we can say this is the greatest achievement of critical realism. This novel describes around the hero Pip, and his great expectations of disillusion process, through the facts he finally realized his target for the flashy life in a luxury and dissipation in polite society was of no value.Chapter I Dickens' Cultural Position and the Content ofthe "Great Expectation "1.1 The Important Status of DickensDickens is the most significant novelist of the English. In English history of culture, there is one peak that cannot be surpassed by any other figures. Dickens is the only comparable outstanding figure with William Shakespeare.Dickens is the greatest novelist in 19th century, critical realism outstanding delegates. His novels is not only a true reflection of the whole generation of life experience, but vividly reveals the mid 19th century Britain's entire social reality, the depth and breadth is far beyond the contemporary most other works .Dickens’s later work Great Expectations (1861), which is considered as his artistic master piece, is the most perfectly constructed of all Dickens’s novels. “Surely the characters in Great Expectations are the greatest collection in all of English fiction.”(Dickens 279)1.2 The Main Content of the "G reat Expectation”Dickens is one of the world's best-loved writers, and Great Expectations may be Dickens' most autobiographical work. Although an earlier novel, David copperfield, followed the facts of Dickens' life more closely, the narrator David seems a little too good to be true. The narrator of Great Expectations, Pip, is, in contrast, a man of many faults, who hides none of them from the reader. If Pip is a self-portrait, Dickens must have been a reservoir of inferiority complexes, guilt, and shame.The beginning of the novel is set shortly after Dickens' birthdates (1812) in the country of his childhood--the Kentish countryside by the sea (the nearest large town is Rochester, where Miss Havisham lives). Dickens wasn't an orphan, as Pip is, but he may well have felt like one. His parents were sociable, pleasant people, but when Charles, who was the eldest boy, was nine, the Dickens’s pulled up roots and moved to London to try to live more cheaply. Charles was appalled by the cramped, grubby house they lived in there, and even more as hamed when his father was arrested and taken to debtors' prison. “The rest of the Dickens’s were allowed to move into prison with their father, but twelve-year-old Charles had to live alone.” (Ashley 9)In spite of his depression, Dickens managed to include in Great Expectations the untranscended comedy he was known and loved for. His driving need to please his public kept him on balance. The novel's themes, however, are very serious. He writes about human nature itself, a mixture of misery, joy, hope, and despair. Dickens wrote it because his vision of life was growing complex, and he was too great a genius to simplify it. Luckily, he was also a great enough genius to write a book that people could enjoy. Though Dickens bared his psychological problems in this novel, he was still trying to reach out to his readers, to make them see their own lives more clearly. Perhaps this is why people love Dickens--because he is so human, so honest, and so much likes all of us.In this novel, Dickens set the beginning in a village cemetery, a small boy, Pip, is accosted by a runaway convict Magwitch who demands food and a file to saw off his leg iron. Pip helped him. Not long after this, Pip is invited to the gloomy home of rich, eccentric Miss Havisham, who wants a boy to "play" for her amusement. But Pip's real role at MissHavisham's turns out to be as a toy for Miss Havisham's adopted daughter, Estella, who has been raised with one purpose--to break men's hearts, Pip falls in love with Estella and becomes self-conscious about his low social class and unpolished manners. From then on, his abiding dream is to be a gentleman.Then a London lawyer, Jiggers, comes to the village to tell Pip that he has come into a fortune from an anonymous source. Finally, he came to know that it was Magwitch who helped him. (Blamers 23) Back in London, Pip learns that Magwitch once had a baby girl, but she was abandoned by her mother. Piecing together evidence, Pip realizes with shock that Estella was that baby girl. Later, he accepted a job in an overseas branch of Herbert's office. Returning to England many years later, Pip visits Miss Havisham's house, which has been pulled down. Estella is there, too. As they walk away hand in hand, it looks as though they would finally get together.Chapter II Several Main Characters’ PersonalityDevelopment Process2.1 The Original Characteristics of the Main Figures"Great Expectation” contains a lot of characters, such as Pip; his sister, Mrs. Joe Gargery; the town blacksmith Joe; Mr. Wopsle; Mr. and Mrs. Hubble ; Miss Havisham, eccentric old lady who lives up town ; Estella , Miss Havisham's snooty , beautiful daughter ; Biddy ; Orrick ; V ompeyson ; Abel Magwitch ; Miss Skiffins and so on . In my paper, I focus on three main figures .They are Pip, Joe Gargery, and Miss Havisham.2.1.1 The Original Characteristic of PipThe novel begins at the church graveyard on Christmas Eve. Pip informs us that he is an orphan and lives in the marsh country. (Julie 29) An escaped convict appears and threatens Pip. He commands Pip to bring him a file and vittles (food) or he'll cut Pip's throat. Although Pip is scared to death, and knows clearly that the man is a escaped dangerous prisoner, he goes back home to steal food and even a bottle of brandy for him, and gives him a smooth file to help him to cast off the iron chain. On Pip's way to the church graveyard, he imagines that all the animals are sneering and blaming him. The leopard cat hung in the food cupboard is calling Joe wake up to seize the thief, and the cattle are talking about his misconduct and scoring him, which are the typical illusion of a naive little kid. So at the first place Pip is described as a kind hearted boy and full of sympathy. (Douglas 19)2.1.2 The Original Characteristic of Joe GargeryJoe is Pip’s brother-in-law, but there is a big gap in their ages. He actually plays the role of Pip’s father. But this father is somewhat different because he in fact has authority in the family run by Mrs. Joe. Compared with Pip, Joe is only a fellow-sufferer of Mrs. Joe’s cruelty. Joe’s situation and influence is too feeble.He is an honest, industrious, mild, good-natured and easy-going dear fellow. Pip always treats him as a large species of child, and as no more than his standard. He protects and loves Pip. Joe is not well educated and even has difficulty in spelling his own name, but Joe encourages Pip to learn. Joe is also very forgiving. When talking about the causes of his tolerance of Mrs. Joe, Joe says: "I'm dead afraid of going wrong in the way of not doingwhat's right by a woman, and I'd fur rather of the two go wrong the other way, and be a little ill-conveniences myself. I wish it was only me that got put out, Pip; I wish there won’t no tickler for you, old chap; I wish I could take it all on myself."（Dickens 101）From this part of novel we can clearly see that Joe is the most kind-hearted person who is willing to do every thing to help pip, and to satisfy his wife. The image of Joe maybe the most direct influence positive factor that make Pip grow up as such an honest and simple boy that at the very ending, readers can have quite a beautiful picture.2.1.3 The original characteristic of Miss HavishamIn Great Expectation,the distinctive character Miss Havisham attracts critics’ and researchers’ attention, the articles at home referred to the analyses on the character and image of Great Expectation are numerous. In a typical study of this type, Li Guangming (2007) suggested that Miss Havisham is a victim of complex forces which from her family and thebourgeois society.Miss Havisham is an eccentric and most impressive woman that Dickens had ever created, who is even regarded as mad by some critics because of her appearance, behaviors and words. However, Mis s Havisham’s fate is tragic: She is jilted by Compeyson on their wedding day. From then on, she lived an eccentric life and aimed to revenge on all men.Through Pip's eye, we can find that at the first place Miss Havisham's cruelty lies in the following aspects:First, she is cruel to her relatives.Once she is cheated by Compeyson, she decides to maltreat those people around her. She believes in nobody but her lawyer. She let everything in her house stop and rot. In her mind, there is nothing but hatred and revenge. Every year on her birthday, her relatives would come to see her; on such occasions, she uses all kinds of sharp words to mock those relatives because of their greed for her wealth. By doing so, she can get satisfaction in seeing her relatives’ presence, compliment and greed to no avail.Secondly, she is also cruel to herself.Actually, she is the victim who suffered most. A woman using her whole life to revenge is so terrible and so pitiable. Everyone could experience setbacks in life and should learn from them; unfortunately Miss Havisham learns nothing from her failure but hatred feeling. Also her revenge is not for someone specific, but for the whole human race. She hates almost everyone just because she is wronged once. This is unreasonable. Thus, all the people around her suffered, especially those who were near her, like Pip and Estella. She seems to be a ghost in the bridal clothes with a wicked smile on her face. The revenge on men is also revenge onherself. What she had gained is far fewer than what she has given out-her youth, happiness, common thought…At last, even Estella treats her coldly. She is so disappointed and miserable. Just as the adage goes: As you brew, so you must drink.Whereas some critics feel that Miss Havisham has her own limitations, as Cai Wei (2006) claimed that her insane actions don’t start from her abnormal psychology but her double personality. (Jiang 35-39)Great Expectation“attracts the attention of scholars coming from a wide variety o f critical approaches: feminist, new historicist, psychoanalytic, and deconstructionist, as well as from more traditional historical and formalist perspectives.”(Patten. R. L. 24)2.2 The Development of Characteristics of the Main Figures2.2.1 The Development of Characteristics of PipIn Great Expectation, moral, social, and educational factors are the motivation of Pip’s best and his worst behavior throughout the novel. First, Pip hankers for moral self-improvement. He is extremely stringent on himself, and when he acts immorally he feels deeply guilt. It is these that push him to act better courtesy in the future. After he is being aided financially to live a high-level life in London, he is overcritical about himself on having behaved so wretchedly toward Joe and Biddy. So this gives a best improvement of Pip. To a extent, moral factor makes up the good Pip. Second, Pip hankers for social self-improvement. In love with Estella, he longs to become a member of her social class, and, is encouraged by Mrs. Joe and Pumblechook; He entertains fantasies of becoming a gentleman. Although seeking for higher and more decent social status should not be over criticized, at that time, theso-called upper society is full of rot and hypercritical figures. What they care is to compare unrealistically and fabricate rumors. So under this circumstances, Pip changes little by little and almost becomes a bad man, and then loses both his luck and his expectations. “Through this rise and fall, however, Pip learns how to find happiness.”(Mannion 39)He learns the meaning of friendship and the meaning of love and, of course, becomes a better person for it. Dickens used the growth of his characters in Great Expectations, particularly Pip in relation to others to write about social reform, and most effectively illustrated this by using the first-person narrative style.2.2.2 The Development of Characteristics of Joe GargeryWhen Pip comes back from the Sati Manor for the first time and lies to Mrs. Joe and Uncle Pumblechook, Joe advises that no lies in the future. Interviewed by Miss Havisham, Joe would not be lured by money. Joe is unselfish and warm-hearted. He is far away from Pip's London life because he never wants himself or his simple manners to embarrass Pip and to make Pip uncomfortable.Joe is always present in Pip's mind. He tends to remind Pip of the precious positive values. He is a man of simple dignity: he would not be lured by money. This is quite the opposite of his wife. Joe has strong sympathy for Pip. He says: “When I offered to your sister to keep company, and to be asked in church, at such times as she was willing and ready to come to the forge, I said to her: ‘And bring the poor little child. God blessed the little child, ‘I said to your sister’,there i s room for him at the forge!’’ The most unselfish love comes from Joe. He is so warm-hearted. He is the one who quietly protects little Pip by words oractions. When Pip’s gentleman dreams are broken, still Joe, comes to take care of him until he recovers.No matter how deep the gap is, Joe is always ready to be a good listener and helper for Pip. Even when Pip becomes an upper society gentleman, and sneers at him, but Joe still treats him as the same, and at the very ending, Joe helps him again by taking him home and repaying his debt. As Dickens himself said: It is not possible to know how far the influence of any amiable honest-hearted duty-doing man flies out into the world; but it is very possible to know how it has touched one’s self in going by. （Dickens 139）2.2.3 The Development of Characteristics of Miss HavishamThe social influence on Miss Havisham’s tragic destiny is too apparent to be neglected. Great Expectations is set in Victorian England, a time when great social changes were sweeping the nation. Although the Victorian Age meets a material prosperity, the polarization of wealth is widening and the class contradiction is becoming more serious, and this result in the corruption of money to human’s relationship. Marriage, love, courts, j ails are based on this. Also, The Victorian Age is a male-centered society, the idea that women should be subjective to men roots in women’s mind. Miss Havisham is just the victim of this society. She is abandoned on her wedding day, but she keeps the room like the day she got married, while on the other hand she tries every means to revenge men. Bearing these two conflictive thoughts in mind, Havisham certainly fails to live her own life out of the control or influence from male. She suffered greatly from the pain of love and her quest for revenge. As an ordinary woman, Miss Havisham can’t be independent from men and her fragile souls make her unableto envisage sufferings in life bravely .Thus the tragedy of Miss Havisham is inevitable.On the way she plays Pip, she step by step falls into the deepest hole of depression. Finally she set herself on fire, and it is Pip who rescues her out by burnt his arms. At last, Miss Havisham admits to Pip that she leads him on falsely and takes pity on him, and Miss Havisham becomes an invalid. Miss Havisham is the most tragically figure in all the foreign navels.Chapter III Analysis of the Inner and Outer Factors forthe Above Development3.1 The Inner FactorsThe hero Pip lost this parents since he was very young and Dickens narrators this in the first person tone asMy first name was Philip，but when I was a small child I could only manage to sayPip．So Pip was what every-body called me．I lived in a small village in Essex withmy sister，who was over twenty years older than me，and married to Joe Gargery，the village blacksmith．My parents had died when I was a baby，so I could notremember them at all，but quite often I used to visit the churchyard，abut a milefrom the village，to look at their names on their gravestones．My sister，Mr. Joe Gargery，was very proud of the fact that she had brought me up‘by hand’．Nobody explained to me what this meant，and because she had a hardand heavy hand，which she used freely on her husband as well as me，I supposedthat Joe and I were both brought up by hand．She was not a beautiful woman，beingtall and thin，with black hair and eyes and a very red face．She clearly felt that Joeand I caused her a lot of trouble，and she frequently complained about it．Joe，onthe other hand，was a gentle，kind man with fair hair and weak blue eyes，whoquietly accepted her scolding．(Dickens 1)We can see from here, in that era such an orphan brought up by his black sister , is impossible to obtain a very good education .The loss of the education and the familycircumstance gives the little Pip the dream to be a man like the brother-in-law, Joe. And, in fact, in this family, sister has the power authority on the home; brother-in-law is the only one who can "talk to trust each other." Readers can know from lines that, Dickens takes a great pain portraying little Pip. But even growing up in such a family full of domestic violence, he is still naive and simple and unadorned. Little Pip is a kind-hearted person, even facing the escaped prisoner.Miss Havisham changes all of this. When Pip insulted by Miss Havisham and her daughter Estella, he becomes not satisfied with his social status, and wants to be a high-class gentleman.We must pay attention to one philosophic thinking of Dickens. That is, he holds that environment has a great influence on personality, and different environment brings up different characters. We know the primary factor is the inner one, so we can infer safely that if Pip is a mature and obstinate gay not such a simple and unsophisticated young man, we may read another ending.For Miss Havisham who is determined to revenge every man, Pip is a quite suitable target to take advantage of and to let off. She on the one hand, asks her adopted daughter Estella to approach Pip actively and on the other hand let her to humiliate him at the same time. This plan is carried out successfully, and the young Pip is played as a puppet by the strings grasped by Miss Havisham and Estella.3.2 The Outer FactorsTo love Stella always make Pip to abhor myself，he begins to hate his ’rough hands and that has a thick skull boots. Just as Pip himself says, now I am looking down on these things, which did not irritate me before, but they do now. And they are really vulgar and coarse. At the same time he starts to complain that Joe is too uneducated and dose not give him a decent upbringing, and he becomes more and more suspect of his friends who are so close to him.We should say, as a child, Pip has some complain before vanity is understandable. After all, it also conforms to the human nature. At the same time, from here we also see that in the Great Expectations, the descriptions of the characters are more exquisite, authentic, than ever, and an inner world of characters is explored more firmly and thoroughly by Dickens.Compared to Dickens' previous characters, the main characters images are richer and lifelike performance that author has been out of the oneness and certainty of characters. The author's mature also makes the characters closer to reality, and reflect better the social situation at the times. Looking at Pip, we can't see Dickens' description of profiling of his early works or see the author directly defined character, but a character has its own behavior, its independent inner activities. To understand and define the figures' right and wrong, readers has to judge and evaluate them themselves.Chapter IV ConclusionDickens, the most distinguishable delegate of the English culture, the nineteenth century outstanding representative of critical realism novelist. The Great Expectation,the most matured works of Dickens, describes around the hero Pip, and his great expectations of disillusion process, through the facts he finally realized that his target for the flashy life in a luxury and dissipation in polite society were no value. From the story we can see that there are inner factors and outer factors that impress on the formation and development of the main characters. And as readers, what we should learn is that we need know great inspiration: strengthen our inner heart, and make full use of external cause of positive factors.BibliographyAshley Emerson.GREAT EXPECTATIONS .S.W.A.T. 2009:9Blamires, H. "The Victorian Age of Literature". London: Longman York Press. 1988: 23. Dickens C. "Great Expectations." (Cover to Cover Classics). London: Penguin Classics, 2002: 101Douglas John Bowen ."Great expectations in hard times ".Railway age 2010:19Geoff Gaherty."Starting Out-Great Expectations”. The Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 2007:4Jiang Yu-qin 江玉琴, 宋庆丽. 自恋, 神经病, 抑或双重人格——辨析《远大前程》中赫维仙小姐性格. 江西广播电视大学学报, 2000: 35-39Julie Towers.Great Expectations. Municipal journal. Feb.12 2009:29Kimberly Palmer ."Generation Y's Great Expectations ".U.S. news & world report .2009:6Li Guang-ming 李广明, 夏海. 复杂力量下的牺牲品-赫薇香小姐.语文学刊. 2007: 60-63. Mannion AFetal."Great expectations: really the novel predictor of outcome after spinal surgery?” Spine 2009:39Oil &；Gas Gazette Group."Great exp ectations for Great Artesian”. Oil & Gas Gazette 2006:71Patten. R. L. "From Sketches to Nickel by Charles Dickens”. Ed. John O. Jordan, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press by Arrangement with CambridgeUniversity Press, 2003: 24.Pietz David A."China's natural gas sector generating great expectations". Oil and Gas Journal。

关于远大前程的论文【导语】以下是作者整理的关于远大前程的论文（共14篇），仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。

篇1：远大前程读书笔记最近读了一本好书，狄更斯写的《远大前程》，在此推荐一下。

我认为这是大家的必读书之一，非常好看的呦。

故事讲的是主人公皮普小时候父母双亡，有那个脾气不好的姐姐抚养，但他的姐夫(乔，是个铁匠)却对她很好。

在镇上，住着一个很富有，却心里很阴暗的老太婆郝维辛小姐(小姐，真是可笑)。

富有的老处女郝维辛小姐派人为她寻觅一个男孩，以伴老服务的名义，来实施她恶毒的爱情游戏的计划，皮普被选中了，每天忍受喜怒无常的骄傲的埃·斯黛拉的羞辱和老处女郝维辛小姐的嘲笑。

突然有一天，郝维辛小姐的御用律师前来，说有个神秘人要把财产全部留给皮普，并带他去伦敦接受礼仪交际的教育，皮普很高兴自己终于能有好的前途了。

单纯无知的皮普慢慢习惯了伦敦的生活，和小时候打架的赫伯斯成了朋友和室友，从律师那里拿钱挥霍，结识了律师手下的一个官员，在一个郝维辛小姐的亲戚家接受教育，并加入了一个愚蠢的俱乐部，并且坚持每星期去看望他喜爱的埃·斯黛拉，并沉湎于她的美色和谎言，并妒嫉一个和埃·斯黛拉来往密切的猥琐龌龊的富有的乡绅士，从而开始了他的交际活动。

期间他还听说了一件故事：20多年前，老处女在结婚典礼上，被弟弟亚瑟和未婚夫康生合谋骗了一大笔钱，然后整天萎靡不振，停留在过去的回忆里。

皮普质疑地问为什么那未婚夫不直接和老处女结婚而得到一切财产，却愚蠢地选择和弟弟合作只得到一半财产，赫伯斯解释说那可能是因为那未婚夫已经结婚了，而弟弟亚瑟和康生的老婆联盟，两人一起要挟他，而康生知道自己没有雇佣打手，来不及杀人灭口，如果康生选择和老处女结婚，他们就把这事捅出去，康生就会失去老处女的信任和财产，一无所有。

所以康生只好屈服。

不久那位神秘的监护人现身了，他就是当年那个被帮助的逃犯，他讲了故事的另一个角度：他是康生和亚瑟计谋得逞后收下的另一个同谋，在康生的指示下，他和康生的妻子合谋杀害了亚瑟谋夺了他的财产，并用这笔钱作为资金进行一些非法的贸易活动，不久，他们被逮捕了，康生把所有的罪推给逃犯，两人一起进入监狱。

远大前程作品梗概作文英文回答：The novel "Great Expectations" by Charles Dickens tells the story of a young orphan named Pip who dreams of becoming a gentleman. The story is set in 19th century England and explores themes of social class, ambition, and the pursuit of wealth.Pip's journey begins when he encounters an escaped convict in a graveyard. This encounter sets off a chain of events that will shape Pip's life. He is later approached by a mysterious benefactor who offers him a large sum of money. This unexpected fortune allows Pip to move to London and pursue his dream of becoming a gentleman.In London, Pip becomes friends with a wealthy and eccentric man named Miss Havisham, who lives in a decaying mansion and has a adopted daughter named Estella. Pip falls in love with Estella and becomes obsessed with winning herover. However, Estella is cold and indifferent towards him, and Pip soon realizes that Miss Havisham has raised her to break men's hearts.As Pip becomes more entangled in the world of the upper class, he begins to lose touch with his humble roots and the people who have supported him throughout his life. He becomes ashamed of his past and tries to distance himself from his family and friends. However, he soon learns that wealth and social status do not bring true happiness.Throughout the novel, Dickens explores the corrupting influence of ambition and the importance of staying true to oneself. Pip's journey is a cautionary tale about the dangers of pursuing wealth and status at the expense ofone's own happiness and integrity.In the end, Pip realizes the true value of friendship and love, and learns that it is not the material wealth or social status that define a person's worth, but their character and moral values.中文回答：《远大前程》是查尔斯·狄更斯的一部小说，讲述了一个名叫皮普的年轻孤儿追求成为绅士的故事。