金融考试原题和答案解析一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 货币的基本职能是（）。
A. 价值尺度和流通手段B. 价值尺度和支付手段C. 流通手段和支付手段D. 价值尺度和贮藏手段答案：A解析：货币的基本职能包括价值尺度和流通手段。
价值尺度职能是指货币作为衡量商品价值大小的尺度，流通手段职能是指货币作为商品交换媒介的功能。
2. 以下哪项不是商业银行的业务？（）A. 存款业务B. 贷款业务C. 证券投资业务D. 货币发行业务答案：D解析：商业银行的主要业务包括存款业务、贷款业务和证券投资业务。
货币发行业务是中央银行的职能，不是商业银行的业务。
3. 金融市场的基本功能是（）。
A. 资金融通B. 风险管理C. 信息提供D. 所有选项答案：D解析：金融市场的基本功能包括资金融通、风险管理和信息提供。
资金融通是指金融市场为资金的供需双方提供交易的平台，风险管理是指金融市场为参与者提供管理风险的工具和机制，信息提供是指金融市场通过价格机制传递经济信息。
4. 利率市场化是指（）。
A. 利率由政府规定B. 利率由市场供求决定C. 利率由中央银行规定D. 利率由商业银行规定答案：B解析：利率市场化是指利率由市场供求关系决定，而非由政府或中央银行直接规定。
5. 以下哪项不是货币政策工具？（）A. 公开市场操作B. 存款准备金率C. 再贴现率D. 财政政策答案：D解析：货币政策工具主要包括公开市场操作、存款准备金率和再贴现率等。
财政政策属于财政手段，不是货币政策工具。
6. 信用货币的特点是（）。
A. 由国家发行B. 由中央银行发行C. 由商业银行发行D. 由政府和中央银行共同发行答案：C解析：信用货币是由商业银行发行的，它是基于银行信用而产生的货币形式。
7. 以下哪项不是金融市场的参与者？（）A. 政府B. 企业C. 个人D. 非营利组织答案：D解析：金融市场的主要参与者包括政府、企业、个人等，非营利组织通常不是金融市场的主要参与者。
河南大学国际金融考试试卷及参考答案2一、单项选择题（5’）1.看涨期权又称为：（）A、卖出期权B、多头期权C、空头期权D、欧式期权答案：B2.下列哪项属于劳务收支项目？（）A、进口商品支出B、国外捐款C、侨民汇款D、对外投资利润答案：D3.布雷顿森林体系建立时规定各国汇率的波幅是：（）A、2.25%B、6.25%C、1%D、5%答案：C4.外部平衡是指：（）A、经济稳定B、国际收支平衡C、汇率稳定D、物价稳定答案：B5.达到外汇倾销目的，一定是本币对外贬值幅度( )本币对内贬值幅度。
A、大于B、小于C、等于D、不确定答案：A6.基金的标价货币一般为：（）A、英镑B、美元C、特别提款权D、欧洲货币单位答案：B7.票据发行便利是指借款人与承购银行或承购银团签订的：（）A、短期融资协议B、中期融资协议C、长期融资协议D、不定期协议答案：B8.在直接标价法下，如果一定单位的外国货币折成的本国货币数额增加，则说明：（）A、外币币值上升，外币汇率上升B、外币币值下降，外汇汇率下降C、本币币值上升，外汇汇率上升D、本币币值下降，外汇汇率下降答案：A9.传播媒体所报道的即期汇率一般为：（）A、电汇汇率B、信汇汇率C、汇票汇率D、钞价汇率答案：A10.“物价现金流动机制”理论实际上是以下哪种货币制度下国际收支的自动调节理论？（）A、金本位制B、银本位制C、金银复本位制D、不兑现的信用货币制度答案：A11.西方国家最常使用的调节国际收支的政策措施是：（）A、通货贬值B、贴现政策C、变更存款准备金D、直接管制答案：B12.我国在日本发行的美元债券属于：（）A、欧洲债券B、外国债券C、武士债券D、扬基债券答案：A二、多项选择题（5’）1.运用福费廷业务: （）A、进出口商需事先协商B、出口商品的货价高于现汇购买的价格C、出口商应出具本票或承兑由进口商开具的汇票D、汇票或本票不需担保答案：AB2.浮动汇率制按照政府是否干预可分为：（）A、自由浮动B、管理浮动C、单独浮动D、联合浮动答案：AB3.相对于二级储备和三级储备，一级储备:（）A、流动性最高B、流动性最低C、盈利性最高D、盈利性最低答案：AD4.利率期货下的市场利率：（）A、越高，看涨期权保险费越低B、越低，看跌期权保险费越高C、越高，看涨期权保险费越高D、越低，看跌期权保险费越低答案：AB二、判断题（5’）1.铸币平价决定的汇率就是实际汇率。
个人信贷HND考试（精选多篇）第一篇：个人信贷HND考试个人信贷1.The principles of lending—PARSERS 1)Personal aspects Character—there is an interview between borrower and lender, the lender will ask some question to confirm the honest and reliability of the borrower.Capital—the amount of capital or finance provided by the borrower that may suggest the level of the owner’s commitment to the purpose of the loan.2)Amount and Purpose of loanThe lender must ensure that the propose of the loan is acceptable.3)Repayment method and timing It should be ensure the borrower use what methods and the time of paying the interest and capital repayment.4)Safety margin and security All lending carries an element of risk because repayment is in the future and no one can be certain of the future.The ultimate risk to be guarded against is the borrower’s bankruptcy and, should the advance be for more than the unsupported credit justifies security should be taken.5)ExpediencySpecific circumstance must be concrete analysis.6)Remuneration—interest, Fees and Commissions Lending is the most profitable part of a bank and building society’s business.The lender profits from loans through the interest which the majority of the earnings will normally come from the interest earned on the overdraft or loan, and commission which may be possible to generate one-off payments via facility frees.7)Services Most institution target employees in relation to the selling of other non-lending product.These will often be life insurance products that cangenerate a fee related to the premium.2.Personal lending products Personal loan(P:78)Person loan is kind of medium-term borrowing.Advantage λ Personal loan usually available for sum of £500 to £2500, and it can b e arranged for six months to ten years.λ Personal loans are always unsecured.λ Personal loan can be arranged to cover most purpose such as car purchase.λ The interest rate of the personal loan is fixed at the start of loan period.λ The interest of loan is higher.3.房屋抵押：第一步：评估房子，由第三方来评估（P:45）Firstly, the property should be valued its market value, and the lender will require a reinstatement value of the property.All the process of value the property should be completed by third part.第二步：确认房子的所有权Secondly check the ownership of the house.It is very important because if the borrower cannot pay the mortgage, the lender will confiscate the property as punishment.At the end of loan, the title to the property will be return to the borrower.第三步：完成标准抵押（completing the security P:46）Thirdly, a lender will need to instruct solicitors to act in the preparation and completion of the security.第四步：去管理局注册Finally, go to the related authority register and the bank will bank will become the first right to dispose of the house.4.计算题1)Current ratio2)Quick ratio3)Net profit ratio4)Gross profit ratio5)Gearing6)Debtor ratio5.Security The standard security(P:39)A standard security is the method used to secure any asst that is classed as a heritablesecurity.Advantage λ Property price increase is stable, bank are willing to take in the property as security.λThe title of the property is clearly, the potential problem is small.Disadvantage λIt is hard to sell the property, so the cashability is low.λ There are substantial costs involved in taking these securities and these cost have to be passed in to borrower.Stock and shares(P:65)Most shares that are used as security are quoted on the London Stock Exchange.Advantageλ The cashability of the stock and share are strong.It is easy to sell the shares and stocks λ It is easy to transfer the title of stock and shares.Disadvantageλ Value of the stock and shares are fluctuating.λ There may be restrictions by private companies on whom shares can sold to, and at what price.6.Warning signs λThere is an unexpectedly increase of the turnover on the account, it means this could suggest overtrading.λ There is a decrease of the turnover on the account;it could suggest a downturn in trading.λ The direct debts an new standing orders being issued by the borrower, it may suggest additional borrowing facilities are being obtained from other lenders λIf the company stops to pay its check, it may suggest the company don’t want to paying the check or delay paying the check.λ The company have a overdraft excesses which one is unauthorized λ The company demand more overdraft limit. 第二篇：HND个人及商业信贷SAMPLE INSTRUMENT OF ASSESSMENTCASE STUDYThis Case Study should be provided to candidates 7-10 days prior to the assessment date.A copy of the Case Study should be provided to each candidate on the date of the assessment along with the questions.All questions must be answered.You are themanager of the West End branch of the Bell Bank plc.Your branch has been asked to train Michael Samuels, a new Graduate Management Trainee.Michael has a degree in Architecture from Glasgow University but has decided that a career in financial services would be more challenging.Michael has now been with you for two weeks and has shown a keen willingness to learn.You have encouraged this willingness to learn by allowing him to sit in during some of your interviews with your customers.You have suggested that Michael take notes during each interview and then use these notes to ask you questions relating to each of the interviews.Michael has sat through four interviews.Some of the material facts relating to each interview are provided below.Interview 1John and Mary McCusker have been customers of your branch for 18 years.You have got to know the McCuskers quite well during your three-year stay at the West End branch.John earns £35,000 per year from his job as a Quantity Surveyor and Mary earns £21,000 per year from her job as a Nurse.The McCuskers have three children aged 14,12 and 10.The two youngest children have always shared a bedroom but the McCuskers now feel the time is right to move to a larger house to give all three children their own bedroom.You had agreed at an earlier interview to provide a capital and interest mortgage facility for £120,000 over 20 years, and the M cCuskers have since purchased a new four-bedroomed house in Hamilton for £175,000.Their existing home in Lanark has been sold for £120,000 and the McCuskers have £40,000 outstanding on their current mortgage loan.The McCuskers have now identified a problem in that they have arranged to move into their new home on 10 May but their buyers will not settle on their old home until4 June.Michael Samuels is curious to learn what process you used to decide upon the mortgage facility that you agreed to provide the McCuskers, and to learn what you intend to do to help the McCuskers overcome their new problem.Interview 2You discussed providing a term loan of £80,000 over 15 years to your commercial customers, Albion Tyres Ltd.Mark and James Thomas, a father and son, run the company, which has traded successfully for 8 years.Mr Thomas, Senior is 52 years of age and his son is 28 years of age.The business employs four members of staff, three of whom are tyre and exhaust fitters, and one of whom deals with office administration.One of the fitters also deals with matters relating to brake and suspension repairs, a part of the business that accounts for around 15% of the overall turnover.The company’s existing premises are now too small for the business and they have identified new premises in the centre of town that would suit their purposes.It is expected that by moving into the centre of town that their turnover and profits should increase by around 20% per annum.The company has produced a substantial and impressive business plan, including a cash flow forecast that shows that the business should be able to comfortably meet the new commitments.The business plan has also incorporated the last three years’ accounts.You have asked the Thomas’ to allow you time to examine the information in the accounts before confirming your decision.Interview 3 You arranged an appointment with your business customer, John Thomson, to discuss some concerns that you have been having with the operations of his business account.You have now made some suggestions to Mr Thomson to help him to regularise his financial position.Michael Samuels is somewhat confused as to how you were able to identify that there were problems withthe operations of the business in the first place.QUESTIONS All questions must be attempted.1.Following the interview with the McCuskers, Michael has asked you to explain to him the the most appropriate loan facility that would help the McCuskers overcome their current problem.Summarise the main features of this loan facility,and calculate the level of borrowing required by the McCuskers.2.Michael is curious to ask for you about the principle.please introduce the main ideas of the principle of lending.3.You have spent time with Michael showing him how to calculate various ratios from the accounts that Albion Tyres have provided.The following ratios have now been calculated: RatioYear 2001 Year 2003 Year 2004Current Ratio 2.4:12.6:12.8:1 Liquid Ratio0.5:10.8:11:1 Gross Profit % 56%58%57% Net Profit %23%21%20%Explain to Michael how each ratio would have been calculated and how these figures might be interpreted from a lending viewpoint.4.Michael is curious to learn how you can get the information for loan decision making.Summarize the difference between annual accounts and management accounts.5.Michael was quite impressed that you were able toidentify from John Thomson’s business accounts that his business was ‘getting into trouble’.6.Explain the meaning of creative accounting and measures to identify it.7.Explain to Michael how the figures of stocks and debtors items in balance sheet to might be interpreted from a lending viewpoint.第三篇：HND《个人与商业信贷》1.Principles of loan: CCCPARTS(characteristic, capacity, capital, purpose, amount, repayment, security)Characteristic: How the borrower characteristic is, whether there is a bad record, whether there is a business with the bank, how income of borrowers, whether stable.Washington with the bank's have 12 years of economic exchanges, and to the sister paper he had no any bad record, indicating that he is worthy of trust in personality.Capacity: The amount of repayment to the lender, whether the lender or other liabilities.For example, a person needs loan of £200000, but he has other £100000 debts, so he does not have sufficient capacity to repay the debt.Washington works in a construction company, he has a relatively high income, he wanted a loan of £25000 now, the number is not a lot, with his repayment ability, he can repay these loan in short term, there is not any risks for bank.Capital: The lender now has a number of funds, these include deposit, real estate values, with bonds, has the value of the stock, debt value for borrowers, lenders on existing assets appreciation of space.Washington existing value £75000 of property, b ut the future appreciation of the space is not clear, he in the bank has £15000 deposit, which can reduce the number he need a loan, he now holds part-time 40000 pounds, but he did not say the stock market.In summary, loans to Washington still has a certain risk.Purpose: The whereabouts of the loans, whether the lender's loan purpose is reasonable,there is no risk.Such as a man loans from bank to do investment on share market, the loan purpose is not reasonable, because the stock a lot of uncertainty, and banks to take risks for investors, and ultimately gain but not belonging to the bank.Washington in this money is only to decorate their homes and it is no a large amount, his purpose of loan is reasonable.Amount: The number of lenders need loans, as well as the number of loans they can.Like a person with higher credit limit, it can loan £100000, and he only need to borrow £40000, the number of loans is acceptable.Washington has a stable job and income, £75000 worth of property, £40000 worth of stock, and go od credit records.It can loan a considerable amount of money, the number of 25000 pounds can be accepted by the bank.Repayment: If the loan repayment is stable, legitimate.Ways of paying is reasonable.For example, a self-employed people, his source of repayment is not stable, so he can not meet the requirements of the bank.T erms: whether the lender expects repayment period can be accepted, the higher the longer term interest, but the banks bear the risks will also increase.The shorter the period, the smaller the risk, but the has fewer bank' s profits.Like a person to bank loans for a period of up to 20 years, banks can derive a lot of interest, but if the lender refuses repayment, banks will suffer a loss.Security: Whether lender has any assets as mortgage, whether the asset is done any other mortgage before.Such as lenders have mortgage the house, but he used the house now loans as collateral, the bank must consider the appropriateness of the mortgage.2.A good security: Simplified application process: For consumers to apply for guarantee the process is relatively simple, and both sides of the need to pay the fee is relatively low.If guarantee application process is too complex willdelay the consumers borrowing time, exorbitant fees would rush warranty costs.Stable value: The collateral must remain stable value from beginning to end, this will affect the role of collateral in the collateral in the process.So before the guarantee must be an accurate assessment of the value of the collateral, and to ensure that in the next period of time the collateral remains its original value.There are a lot of uncertainties in the value of company's stock, land, housing, their value is not constant.Liquidity: when a lender has repayment problems, he needs to sell assets, and release the guarantee, the lifting of the guarantee of the time spent longer, the greater losses for banks.Good collateral can quickly relieve the guarantee, and can be turn into cash as soon as possible.3.Several types of security: Heritable security, life assurance, stock and shares, cash, goods, guarantees.Stock and shares which issued by government, local authorities, and companies.Advantages: Stock and shares are easy to measure the value.Stock and shares are easily to turn into cash.Some shares could remain stable value.Disadvantages: there is an uncertainty of value, the value could be raise or fall in the future.Some company set rules to avoid shareholder to use their stock as security.Guarantees help people who do not have assets as security.Guarantees are easy to take, Guarantees do not have to check the title of property for borrowers.If borrowers have additional security, it could strength the guarantee.If the borrower failed to repayment after the contract period, they will pay expensive premium.For example, Peter wants loans from the bank, but he does not have any security;The guarantee helps Peter’s loan planning, he could receive loans through guarantees;However, if he could not repay the debt, he will pay for a heavy cost.4.Several business lending products: Buyingoutright, business overdrafts, term loans, factor and invoice discounting.Buying outright helps the company buy assets.The company completely have the ownership of the property.The agreement is very flexible and east to arrange withdraw ant time.For credit side, when the interest falls in the future, the company have to pay higher interest rates.The company have to pay the full cost of the property, they could not spare these money to do other business activities.The company takes all risks for the property.The company takes the maintenance of the property.Business overdrafts allows the company to have a sum of overdraft.These overdrafts could solve financial problems.The facilities in company are payable for debts.The business only to have pay the interest from the beginning of the overdraft.For example, a new factory is planning to buy machinery, but they have shortage on finance, they could use business over drafts to solve the problem, and the interest will be calculated since the date they apply these loans.Term loans can be pay for shorter-term or longer-term assets.For example, ABC company is planning use term loan to buy some computer device for management department, the loan is the shorter-term.Factoring and invoice Discounting, when the contract was reached an agreement both buyer and seller, the sell receive the money at one, they do not need to wait for the time when customer started to transfer the money.For example, Black Forest Ltd was reached an agreement with its customer, with factoring and discounting, the company could receive the money immediately, they do not need to wait their customers for mercial lending is quiet different from personal lending, commercial lending needs more steps, the borrower must provides business plan, the lender must visit the company to know more about theborrower.Business plan.It is an important fact whether the lender decided to lend money to the company.It records the company current situation and future direction.The business plan includes executive summary, market analysis, company description, organization, marketing strategy, service and product, funding requirement.Executive summary: it is an important part of business plan, it described the purpose of loan, the planning time of business, the function of company’s departments.Business structure:第四篇：信贷个人工作总结信贷个人工作总结“路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索”，这句屈原的诗歌用在我身上是很恰当的，我在信用社工作了很多年了，虽然工作的任务和我早都知道了，可是我还是觉得自己学的还是不够，还要认真努力的工作。
金融大专试题及答案一、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1. 货币的基本职能不包括以下哪一项？A. 价值尺度B. 流通手段C. 贮藏手段D. 支付手段答案：C2. 以下哪个不是金融市场的功能？A. 资源配置B. 风险分散C. 价格发现D. 商品交换答案：D3. 金融工具的流动性是指：A. 金融工具的安全性B. 金融工具的收益性C. 金融工具的可转换性D. 金融工具的稳定性答案：C4. 下列哪个不是金融监管的目的？A. 维护金融稳定B. 促进金融创新C. 保护消费者权益D. 防范金融风险答案：B5. 以下哪个不是货币政策工具？A. 存款准备金率B. 再贴现率C. 利率D. 股票市场答案：D6. 金融市场的参与者包括：A. 政府B. 企业C. 个人D. 所有选项答案：D7. 以下哪个不是金融衍生品？A. 期货B. 期权C. 债券D. 掉期答案：C8. 以下哪个不是金融风险的类型？A. 信用风险B. 市场风险C. 操作风险D. 法律风险答案：D9. 以下哪个不是金融创新的驱动因素？A. 技术进步B. 市场竞争C. 监管套利D. 消费者需求答案：D10. 以下哪个不是金融中介机构？A. 商业银行B. 投资银行C. 保险公司D. 证券交易所答案：D二、多选题（每题3分，共15分）1. 以下哪些属于金融资产？A. 股票B. 债券C. 房地产D. 艺术品答案：A、B、C2. 金融监管的主要机构包括：A. 中央银行B. 证券监管机构C. 保险监管机构D. 税务机关答案：A、B、C3. 以下哪些是金融市场的类型？A. 货币市场B. 资本市场C. 外汇市场D. 商品市场答案：A、B、C4. 以下哪些是金融风险管理的方法？A. 风险分散B. 风险转移C. 风险对冲D. 风险接受答案：A、B、C、D5. 以下哪些是金融创新的表现形式？A. 金融产品创新B. 金融制度创新C. 金融技术创新D. 金融服务创新答案：A、B、C、D三、判断题（每题1分，共10分）1. 货币的贮藏手段是其基本职能之一。
