英语四级610分篇章词汇特训
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英语四级新题型：语篇词汇综合练习北大英语系 索玉柱[Dr. Sony]编第一节 词汇填写突击训练Passage OneAn investigator into the drug overdose (服药过量) death of Marilyn Monroe 43 years ago Friday still is not convinced she killed herself.John W. Miner, who investigated Monroe's death as a Los Angeles County prosecutor, claims Monroe's psychologist, Dr. Ralph Greenson, played him secret audiotapes made by the star during one of her therapy sessions 1 before her death] A key 2 of the alleged (所谓的) tapes, according to Miner, is that Monroe was not 3 and was actively planning to become a serious, Shakespearean actress.Miner says he took careful, hand-written notes of the tapes and later produced a near-exact transcript. There is no 4 Miner's claims are true, since Dr. Greenson is now dead and no one else claims to have heard the tape."You are the only person who will ever know the most 5 thoughts of Marilyn Monroe," she allegedly told her doctor.In Miner's transcript, Monroe discussed her plans to 6 Shakespeare."No 7 person could-possibly think that the person who made those tapes killed herself" Miner said.She also may have recorded her feelings about having to 8 off her romance (罗曼史) with Robert Kennedy."There is no room in my life for him," she allegedly said. "I guess I don't have the 9 to face up to it and hurt him. I want someone else to tell him it's over. I tried to get the president to do it, but I couldn't 10 him."A) proof B) reasonable C) postpone D) secretE) bold F) break G) optimistic H) shortlyI) revelation J) pursue K) courage L) constantlyM) depressed N) assignment O) reachPassage TwoDrumming, shouting and men dressed up in wedding dresses. African football crowds are mad in showing their 1 in their own special way."Some people had painted football shirts onto their bodies," says English fan Claire Zakiewicz, who 2 a man in a wedding dress at a game in Senegal last year. "Everyone was shouting--it was like England, everyone in the crowd wants to be the manager."With dancing and singing such a big part of African culture it's no surprise that Mrican stars are as 3 for their victory dances as their crowds are for their cheering. Cote d'Ivoire striker (射手) Didier Drogba is well-loved for doing the "fouka fouka", a special African dance, after he 4 Others see football as something more serious: a 5 to the continent's problems. After war-tom Cote d'Ivoire 6 for this year's World Cup, many hoped it could help unite the warring North and South.One 7 fan declared: Our players have put an end to the war. The time for 8 has come.Four of the continent's five World Cup 2006 teams are newcomers. But all share similar 9 : to improve their lives with victories on the world stage. With fighting in Angola, political 10 in Togo, and Ghana in financial trouble, African fans hope their footballers can bring them some joy.A) scores B) qualified C) reunion D) intenseE) spotted F) disagreements G) similarity H) solutionI) emotional J) famed K) flees L) passionM) longed N) ambitions O) accidentallyPassage Three) to a cold climate, it will die if it is not kept warm. And animals 1 to cold climates will die if they are moved to the tropics. Many plants] too, will die if they are removed from the place where they 2 grow and are transplanted (移植) into an unfamiliar soil. Almost every species is adapted to life in a particular place by its organs and their functions and by 3 habits. The specialized adaptation has great advantages, for it 4 many organisms to survive under different conditions. It also has disadvantages, for it means that the life of most species is controlled by 5 conditions.Living things are not 6 over the earth freely; most species have definite habits for living places. Ecology is the study of how organisms live in their environment. This means finding out how an organism survives and 7 in certain surroundings. By environment we mean not only the soil and the climate but the living things of the same species and other species, plant or animal. Most living things are 8 to their environment. Some can 9 certain features of their environment to suit themselves; a beaver (海狸), for example, can make ponds by building dams, many birds and insects can build elaborate nests to provide 10 for their young. But these skills are restricted and highly specialized. Most organisms must adapt their bodies to fit in with their surroundings, and since they can adapt only for particular surroundings, they are found only in places where they can live successfully with the least effort.A) normally B)shelter C) assigned D) accustomedE) Scattered F) abundant G) surely H) alterI) reproduces J) permanent K) slaves L) approachM) enables N) alternative O) localPassage FourThis is a holiday widely celebrated with different names in many countries. Although it 1 as a religious holiday, it has lost its religious connections in the United States. It is now celebrated largely as a children's day, and many American children look forward to it for days and weeks 2 .The orange pumpkin is harvested at this time of year and is 3 out, a funny face cut into it, and a candle placed inside as a decoration in the window. City folks, nowadays, sometimes use paper pumpkins for decorations.Some years ago, the holiday was celebrated by 4 up in strange and frightening costumes and playing tricks on one's neighbors and friends, such as ringing door bells, throwing bits of corn on the window panes, and in other ways making minor 5 .More recently, children come to the door to have friends and neighbors admire their costumes and guess who they are behind the false faces and receive treats of candy, fruit or cookies. They say, "Trick or Treat", meaning, "I will 6 a trick on you if you will not give me a treat." This practice has even more recently developed into a 7 international activity. Instead of candy, the children collect money for UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund). This 8 collection of money by children for 9 children throughout the world is known as "UNICEF Trick or Treat". Begun only recently, it results in several million dollars each year 10 to UNICEF. The collection box is orange, reminiscent of the pumpkin.A) needy B) concentrated C) disturbance D) hollowedE) concerned F) play G) critical H) beforehandI) significant J) contributed K) dressing L) specialM) originated N) generated O) predictionPassage FiveAs the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving 1 through the air, and although-the passengers had 2 their seat belts, they were suddenly thrown forward. At that moment, the airhostess appeared. She looked very pale, but was quite calm. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she 3 everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines—or at least how to drive a car. After a moment's 4 , a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot's cabin.Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the 5 instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport below. The plane was now dangerously 6 the ground, but to everyone's 7 , it soon began to climb. The man had to circle the airport several times, in order to become 8 with the controls of the plane. But the danger had not yet passed. The 9 moment came when he had to land. Following instructions, the man guided the plane toward the airfield. It shook 10 as it touched the ground and then moved rapidly dong the runway and after a long run it stopped safely.A) informed B) familiar C) hesitation D) violentlyE) challenge F) unsteadily G) charming H) approachingI) slightly J) urgent K) reminded L) horribleM) relief N) fastened O) instantPassage SixPeople's attitudes toward drugs vary from person to person. Some see them as 1 ; others think of them as dangerous. Then what is the 2 attitude toward drugs?I think the first thing to think about is the difference between drugs and wonder drugs. The antibiotics (抗生素) can really 3 certain bacterial diseases. On the other hand, the major diseases 4 Americans today are cancer, stroke, high Blood pressure, coronary diseases (冠心病), etc. Against them, the doctor's bag of tricks is 5 He has no wonder drugs.So the first important lesson is not to expect too much from drags. If you can accept the fact that the war against many of our most destructive diseases is, at best, a holding operation (防御战) rather than an inevitable 6 , it will do a great deal to ease your own life as well as that of your doctor. Too many patients 7 great pressures on doctors to prescribe for every small symptom, even when such treatment is 8 dangerous.Unfortunately, the medical profession is guilty of taking part, to a certain 9 , in the wrongful action. The patient who demands a shot of penicillin for every cough may be given the injection by a 10 doctor because he is certain that if he does not, the patient will search until he finds a doctor who will.A) cure B) consistently C) exert D) sensibleE) cancel F) extent G) threatening H) defenseI) miraculous J) limited K) awfully L) boundlessM) triumph N) attracting O) reluctant第二节 语篇理解突击训练Direction:There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physical survival and beyond that, its own economic prosperity.Thus, children were valued in terms of their productivity, and they assumed the role of producer quite early. Until they fulfilled this role, their position in the structure of the family was one of subordination, and their psychological needs and capacities received little consideration.As the society became more complex, the status of children in the family and in the society became more important. In the complex technological society that the United States has become, each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many other members. Consequently, viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multi-faceted (多面的) members of society means that they are regarded as people in their own right than as utilitarian organisms. This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their well-being.This new view of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge (激增) of interest in child-rearing techniques. People today spend a considerable portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children. It is now possible to influence the details of the socialization of another person’s child by spreading the gospel (福音) of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing.The socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction between parent and child rather than a one-way, parent-to-child training program. As a consequence, socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure,satisfaction, and problems.1. In the ordinary family in colonial North America, children_____.A) were trained to be a productive force in the process of survivalB) were valued on the basis of what they did for a livingC) had less psychological yearning than children in the modern worldD) would receive harsh criticism if they were exclusively practical2. What does the word “utilitarian” (para. 2) mean?A) egoisticB) superficialC) feasibleD) functional3. The status of children in the colonial family was low______.A) because they were not fully capable of all the tasks set by their parentsB) because their living circumstances were demandingC) unless they could help their parents with some physical laborD) so long as they did not fight for recognition from their parents4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A) Parents in the modern society can raise their children with the help of varioustheories.B) Modern children are expected to fulfill more roles than children in thepast.C) Children in the colonial America took longer time to become a socializedbeing.D) Modern society has special projects aiming to promote children’s well-being.5. From the passage, we can infer that ______.A) children today are able to get help from some specialists to pursue their self-interestsB) the relationship between parent and child can be both dynamic andproblematicC) with technical help, parents today can exercise great influence on their childrenD) economic prosperity makes private family liberated from their physical needsPassage 2Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Asch and others noticed that people in a group will agree to statements that are contrary to the evidence of their senses. It would be a mistake to think that only particular docile (温顺) people are chosen to take part in experiments of this type. Usually highly intelligent and independent people are used. In a typical experiment, this is what may happen. The experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group which is investigating visual perception. The victims are not, therefore, aware of the real purpose of the experiment. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven people who are collaborating with the experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the line on the first card; one is shorter and one the same length. They have to say which line on the second card is the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines. When his turn comes he is faced with the unanimous opinion of the rest of the group—all the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct. What will be done? According to Asch, more than half of the victims chosen will change their opinion. What is equally surprising is that, when interviewed about their answers, most explained that they know the group choice they must be suffering from an optical illusion (视错觉), or because they were afraid of being different.1. People who are usually used in the experiments are ______.A) cleverB) agreeableC) aggressiveD) sensitive2. The author refers to the volunteers as “victims” because_____.A) they do not know that they have an optical illusionB) they are separated from other group membersC) the experimenter treats them in a harsh mannerD) the experimenter conceals the real purpose of the experiments3. The word “unanimous” might mean_____.A) ultimateB) agreedC) extensiveD) mixed4. More than half of the victims changed their opinion because______.A) they were under group pressureB) they thought they were wrongC) they did not want to sit outD) they are forced to do so5. The main purpose of this passage is to ______.A) urge people to act out their own wishesB) demonstrate that people generally do not feel like standing aloneC) show that people tend to be influenced by group’s standards of behaviorD) reveal the hidden conflicts between the individual and the rest of the groupPassage 3Questions 1--5 are based on the following passage.Since World War II, the French have been variously surprised, dismayed, irritated and outraged by the power of American culture and its effect on France and the world. Their only consolation (安慰) has been the conviction that French culture is superior to anything that Walt Disney or Hollywood can offer.What France’s cultural elites (精英) have rarely done, however, is examine how both serious and pop culture actually work in the United States.Now Frédéric Martel, a former French cultural official in Boston, has set out to change this. In “Culture in America,” a 622-page book weighty with information, he challenges the conventional view in Paris that French culturefinanced and organized by the government is entirely good and that American culture shaped by market forces is necessarily bad.This book deals with creativity and arts financing in the United States. But perhaps surprisingly, given the mixture of fear and disdain that American culture stirs among many French intellectuals, he neither defends nor attacks the United States; he simply describes the American way of culture.He first visited the United States in 1999. After studying the history of American culture in libraries and private files, he set out to discover American culture as it is being lived today. “I spent all my vacations traveling,” he said. “I counted up over 700 interviews in 110 cities in 35 states. I reached out to various kinds of people. I gave priority to visiting black communities in every major city, attending associations, street theater, poetry clubs.”“Americans defend cultural diversity at home and deny it abroad,” he said, “while France defends cultural diversity around the world and refuses it at home.”And it is here that he most wants France to learn from the United States.“What really annoys me is the way our cultural elite uses ideology to protect its privileges,” he said. “It says that our culture defines a certain idea of France, that the alternative is Americanization. But it’s really only defending itself against the popular classes. We cannot have 10 percent of our population stemming from immigration and deny them their culture.”To promote grass-roots culture, then, he wants decision making to be deconcentrated. “The government will still finance the arts, but we don’t need a cultural minister defining culture,” he said. “We need thousands of people defining culture. Power should flow bottom-up, not top-down.”1. The attitude of French cultural elites toward American culture is that of_____.A) contempt and fearB) hatred and angerC) curiosity and admirationD) disappointment and dislike2. Frédéric Martel’s approach in writing his book is surprising in that as a member of French intellectuals_______.A) he shows much disdain for French cultureB) he tries to describe American culture as it isC) he believes that American culture is superior to his ownD) he shows his love for American culture and the way it develops3. It can be inferred from the passage that French cultural elites_____.A) dislike the role the market forces played in shaping a nation’s cultureB) have never done any serious study about how American culture worksC) don't want to face the reality that American culture is superior to their ownD) hate American culture because they fell it is too powerful for the good of French people4. Frédéric Martel conducted his study of American culture mainly through_____.A) doing research in libraries and collegesB) talking with American and French intellectualsC) experiencing diverse American culture himselfD) interviewing a large number of American cultural elites5. Frédéric Martel believes that to learn from American culture_____.A) more French cultural elites should be involved in the decision makingB) more immigrants are needed for a healthy French culture to be developedC) ordinary people should be given a bigger say in developing French cultureD) the government should give more financial aid to all kinds of artistic activitiesPassage 4Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The first major global assessment of climate change science in six years has concluded that changes in the atmosphere, the oceans and glaciers and ice caps show clearly that the world is warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes that major advances in climate modeling and the collection and analysis of data now give scientists “very high confidence” in their understanding of how human activities are causing the world to warm. This level of confidence is much greater than that what could be achieved in 2001 when the IPCC issued its last major report.Today’s report also confirms that the marked increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (C02) and nitrous oxide(N20) since 1750 is the result of human activities.Three years in the making, the report is based on a thorough review of the most up-to-date scientific literature available worldwide. It describes an accelerating transition to a warmer world marked by more extreme temperatures including heat waves, new wind patterns, worsening drought in some regions, melting glaciers and Arctic ice and rising global average sea levels. For the first time, the report provides evidence that the ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland are slowly losing mass and contributing to sea level rise.“This report by the IPCC represents the most rigorous and comprehensive assessment possible of the current state of climate science and has considerably narrowed the uncertainties of the 2001 report,” said Michel Jarraud, Secretary General of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). “Progress in observations and measurements of the weather and climate are keys to improved climate research.”“While the conclusions are disturbing, decision makers are now armed with the latest facts and will be better able to respond to these realities. The speed with which melting ice sheets are raising sea levels is uncertain, but the report makes clear that sea levels will rise inexorably (无情的) over the coming centuries. It is a question of when and how much, and not if,” he said.“In our daily lives we all respond urgently to dangers that are much less likely than climate change to affect the future of our children,” said Achim Steiner, Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme.“The implications of global warming over the coming decades for our industrial economy, water supplies, agriculture, biological diversity and even geopolitics are massive. This new report should spur policymakers to get off the fence and put strong and effective policies in place to tackle greenhouse gas emissions,” he said.1. The scientists’ confidence mainly comes from the fact that_____.A) they have now access to more scientific literatureB) more financial and political support has been obtainedC) climate change has become a matter of public concernD) much progress has been made in their research on climate2. The word “marked” in the third paragraph probably means_____.A) rapidB) sharpC) recordedD) noticeable3. Compared with the 2001 report, the new report makes it more certain that_____.A) sea level rise contributes much to natural disastersB) human activities contribute much to a warmer worldC) melting ice sheets and glaciers lead to global warmingD) emissions of greenhouse gas lead to atmospheric pollution4. The scientists of IPCC are not sure about_____.A) whether sea levels will rise in the near futureB) how fast melting ice sheets will raise sea levelsC) whether melting ice sheets cause sea levels to riseD) how sea level rise will affect water supplies and agriculture5. It is hoped that the new report will make the policymaker_____.A) respond urgently to various dangers in our daily lifeB) give more financial help to research on climate changeC) realize the urgency of dealing with global warmingD) take action to prevent sea levels from rising inexorably。
