下载文档原格式
CONFIDENTIAL专利申请文件翻译须知（英译中）（Version 200306）本文件的电子版在F盘的patent目录中。
（一）总的原则1．专利文件的翻译，要求忠实于原文，意思准确，不丢落，不添加。
在此基础上，做到语句通顺。
不要求辞藻优美，也不要求词语丰富，句法灵活。
换言之，“信达雅”中做到“信”和“达”即可。
应要求整个文本的高质量，杜绝错别字，版式应美观大方。
2．专利申请文件原则上一律采用直译，一般情况下应严格避免任意加词、减词。
尤其不要加入自己对文件的理解的话。
但对于英文中的省略部分，在汉语中应该补出，以符合汉语的语言习惯。
例如，“right and left side”应该译为“右侧和左侧”而不要译为“右和左侧”。
3．申请文件分为摘要（abstract）、权利要求书（claims）、说明书（description）、以及附图（drawings）四部分，分别打印在不同的页上。
文件应采用公司统一制定的格式，具体格式见附件1。
翻译文件前请先打开公司统一的模板，然后生成翻译文件。
4．说明书分为五个部分，即技术领域、背景技术、发明内容、附图说明、具体实施方式。
5．根据专利文件的特点，翻译的次序应该如下，先是背景技术，然后是具体实施方式，然后是技术领域，然后是权利要求部分，再然后是发明内容、摘要和附图说明。
发明内容、摘要和附图说明的内容常常是与其他部分重复的，请采用先拷贝，然后再核对的方式，这样效率高，而且错误少。
6．翻译说明书的时候，一定要对照附图。
这样对于理解发明是非常有帮助的。
抛开附图，只看说明书就进行翻译是要绝对避免的。
7．由于专利文件常常涉及多学科的知识，本所同仁在碰到不熟悉的问题时，要虚心向他人请教，在别人请教问题时，应该耐心作答。
8．在工作中碰到不熟悉的单词、句法及其它问题要勤查字典。
电子字典不可过分依赖，尤其是金山词霸只可以参考使用，因为其中的错误实在太多，而且翻译不准确的地方也比比皆是。
一、专利文献翻译要求1.公司对翻译质量要求很严格，请尽量忠实原文进行翻译，勿丢失内容；PCT申请中存在的错误也不必改正，稍作标记即可；2.同一篇专利文件中的词语、术语翻译必须前后一致，可在word文档中以全文取代方式确保之；3.同一篇专利文件中意思相近的词语尽量以不同的中文翻出，例如：element/元件、component/部件、member/构件、part/零件；4.…二、专利说明书的几大部分Title of invention 发明名称Background of the invention 发明背景Field of the invention 发明领域Related background art 相关的背景技术Summary of the invention 发明概述Brief description of the drawings 附图简述Detailed description of the invention 发明详述Claims 权利要求书注：不同公司专利的命名不尽相同，依原文翻译即可。
三、专利相关用语之翻译application number 申请号application serial No. 申请序号assignee 受让人assigner 转让人characterized in that 其特征在于，/其特征为，claimed 要求保护的continuation application 继续申请continuation-in-part application 部分继续申请disclose 公开division 分案embodiment 实施例examined 已审查example 示例best mode 最佳方式docket number 档案号file 申请，提出申请，递交German Auslegeschrift 德国展出说明书incorporate in 加入International Patent Application, Publication No. 国际质量申请，公开号is incorporated herein by reference thereto 通过引用结合到本文中issue 颁发/公告Laidopen (日本专利)公开more particularly, 尤其/更详细地讲，more specifically, 更准确地说，更具体地讲parent application 原申请PCT Publication PCT说明书preamble 前序部分preferably...more preferably...most preferably 优选...更优选...最优选preferable 这个词不要翻成最好，因为优选还有一个递进的问题：优选，更优选，还更优选，特别优选，最优选，optional 任选的optionally 任选，意思是可以选择这样做也可以选择不这样做；preferred embodiment (example) 优选实施实施例prior art 现有技术provisional disclosure 临时说明书Publication (日本专利)公告published application 公开申请said 所述known as 公知的selected from the group of consisting of 选自...specificaly, (插入语)具体地说，state of the art 现有技术水平subject 题述sub-license 分许可证the art 本领域the persons skilled in the art 本领域技术人员trade name 厂商名称unexamined 未审查Utility Model 实用新型wherein 其中a aspect of the present invention 本发明的一个方面a further aspect of the present invention 本发明的另一个方面it is understood 应当理解的是thus obtained 这样得到的in cases that 在…的情况下for the purpose of the present invention 就本发明的目的而言as described in 如…中所述as disclosed in 如…中所公开filed December 23，2002 2002年12月23日提交can be selected from the group consisting of 可选自the term “”as used herein 本文所用的术语“”refers to 是指comprised of 由….组成International Publication WO 国际专利说明书WOJAPENESE LAID-OPEN PATENT PUBLICATION 日本公开特许公报title to patent 专利所有权under 35USC§119（e）根据美国法典第35条119 （e）款。
外文文献翻译 例如例如：：下面是一个样板下面是一个样板，，如需要更多的机械相关专业的外文文献可以联系QQ: 763077177 (非诚勿扰) Coating thickness effects on diamond coated cutting tools F. Qin, Y.K. Chou,D. Nolen and R.G. ThompsonAvailable online 12 June 2009. Abstract ：Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown diamond films have found applications as a hard coating for cutting tools. Even though the use of conventional diamond coatings seems to be accepted in the cutting tool industry, selections of proper coating thickness for different machining operations have not been often studied. Coating thickness affects the characteristics of diamond coated cutting tools in different perspectives that may mutually impact the tool performance in machining in a complex way.In this study, coating thickness effects on the deposition residual stresses, particularly around a cutting edge, and on coating failure modes were numerically investigated. On the other hand, coating thickness effects on tool surface smoothness and cutting edge radii were experimentally investigated. In addition, machining Al matrix composites using diamond coated tools with varied coating thicknesses was conducted to evaluate the effects on cutting forces, part surface finish and tool wear.The results are summarized as follows. Increasing coating thickness will increase the residual stresses at the coating–substrate interface. On the other hand, increasing coating thickness will generally increase the resistance of coating cracking and delamination. Thicker coatings will result in larger edge radii; however, the extent of the effect on cutting forces also depends upon the machining condition. For the thickness range tested, the life of diamond coated tools increases with the coating thickness because of delay of delaminations. Keywords: Coating thickness; Diamond coating; Finite element; Machining; Tool wear1. IntroductionDiamond coatings produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technologies have been increasingly explored for cutting tool applications. Diamond coated tools have great potential in various machining applications and an advantage in fabrications of cutting tools with complex geometry such as drills. Increased usages of lightweight high-strength components have also resulted in significant interests in diamond coating tools. Hot-filament CVD is one of common processes of diamond coatings and diamond films as thick as 50 µm have been deposited on various materials including cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) . There have also been different CVD technologies, e.g., microwave plasma assisted CVD , developed to enhance the deposition process as well as the film quality too. However, despite the superior tribological and mechanical properties, the practical applications of diamond coated tools are still limited.Coating thickness is one of the most important attributes to the coating system performance. Coating thickness effects on tribological performance have been widely studied. In general, thicker coatings exhibited better scratch/wear resistance performance than thinner ones due to their better load-carrying capacity. However, there are also reports that claim otherwise and . For example, Dorner et al. discovered, that the thickness of diamond-like-coating (DLC), in a range of 0.7–3.5 µm, does not influence the wear resistance of the DLC–Ti6Al4V . For cutting tool applications, however, coating thickness may have a more complicated role since its effects may be augmented around the cutting edge. Coating thickness effects on diamond coated tools are not frequently reported. Kanda et al. conducted cutting tests using diamond-coated tooling . The author claimed that the increased film thickness is generally favorable to tool life. However, thicker films will result in the decrease in the transverse rupture strength that greatly impacts the performance in high speed or interrupted machining. In addition, higher cutting forces were observed for the tools with increased diamond coating thickness due to the increased cutting edge radius. Quadrini et al. studied diamond coated small mills for dental applications . The authors tested different coating thickness and noted that thick coatings induce high cutting forces due to increased coating surface roughness and enlarged edge rounding. Such effects may contribute to the tool failure in milling ceramic materials. The authors further indicated tools with thin coatings results in optimal cutting of polymer matrix composite . Further, Torres et al. studied diamondcoated micro-endmills with two levels of coating thickness . The authors also indicated that the thinner coating can further reduce cutting forces which are attributed to the decrease in the frictional force and adhesion.Coating thickness effects of different coating-material tools have also been studied. For single layer systems, an optimal coating thickness may exist for machining performance. For example, Tuffy et al. reported that an optimal coating thickness of TiN by PVD technology exists for specific machining conditions . Based on testing results, for a range from 1.75 to 7.5 µm TiN coating, thickness of 3.5 µm exhibit the best turning performance. In a separate study, Malik et al. also suggested that there is an optimal thickness of TiN coating on HSS cutting tools when machining free cutting steels . However, for multilayer coating systems, no such an optimum coating thickness exists for machining performance .The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate coating thickness effects of diamond coated tools on machining performance — tool wear and cutting forces. Diamond coated tools were fabricated, by microwave plasma assisted CVD, with different coating thicknesses. The diamond coated tools were examined in morphology and edge radii by white-light interferometry. The diamond coated tools were then evaluated by machining aluminum matrix composite in dry. In addition, deposition thermal residual stresses and critical load for coating failures that affect the performance of diamond coated tools were analytically examined.2. Experimental investigationThe substrates used for diamond coating experiments, square-shaped inserts (SPG422), were fine-grain WC with 6 wt.% cobalt. The edge radius and surface textures of cutting inserts prior to coating was measured by a white-light interferometer, NT1100 from Veeco Metrology.Prior to the deposition, chemical etching treatment was conducted on inserts to remove the surface cobalt and roughen substrate surface. Moreover, all tool inserts were ultrasonically vibrated in diamond/water slurry to increase the nucleation density. For the coating process, diamond films were deposited using a high-power microwave plasma-assisted CVD process.A gas mixture of methane in hydrogen, 750–1000 sccm with 4.4–7.3% of methane/hydrogen ratio, was used as the feedstock gas. Nitrogen gas, 2.75–5.5 sccm, was inserted to obtain nanostructures by preventing columnar growth. The pressure was about 30–55 Torr and the substrate temperature was about 685–830 °C. A forward power of 4.5–5.0 kW with a low deposition rate obtained a thin coating; a greater forward power of 8.0–8.5 kW with a highdeposition rate obtained thick coatings, two thicknesses by varying deposition time. The coated inserts were further inspected by the interferometer.A computer numerical control lathe, Hardinge Cobra 42, was used to perform machining experiments, outer diameter turning, to evaluate the tool wear of diamond coated tools. With the tool holder used, the diamond coated cutting inserts formed a 0° rake angle, 11° relief angle, and 75° lead angle. The workpieces were round bars made of A359/SiC-20p composite. The machining conditions used were 4 m/s cutting speed, 0.15 mm/rev feed, 1 mm depth of cut and no coolant was applied. The selection of machining parameters was based upon previous experiences. For each coating thickness, two tests were repeated. During machining testing, the cutting inserts were periodically inspected by optical microscopy to measure the flank wear-land size. Worn tools after testing were also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, cutting forces were monitored during machining using a Kistler dynamometer.5. ConclusionsIn this study, the coating thickness effects on diamond coated cutting tools were studied from different perspectives. Deposition residual stresses in the tool due to thermal mismatch were investigated by FE simulations and coating thickness effects on the interface stresses were quantified. In addition, indentation simulations of a diamond coated WC substrate with the interface modeled by the cohesive zone were applied to analyze the coating system failures. Moreover, diamond coated tools with different thicknesses were fabricated and experimentally investigated on surface morphology, edge rounding, as well as tool wear and cutting forces in machining. The major results are summarized as follows.(1) Increase of coating thickness significantly increases the interface residual stresses, though little change in bulk surface stresses.(2) For thick coatings, the critical load for coating failure decreases with increasing coating thickness. However, such a trend is opposite for thin coatings, for which radial cracking is the coating failure mode. Moreover, thicker coatings have greater delamination resistance.(3) In addition, increasing the coating thickness will increase the edge radius. However, for the coating thickness range studied, 4–29 µm, and with the large feed used, cutting forces were affected only marginally.(4) Despite of greater interface residual stresses, increasing the diamond coating thickness, for the range studied, seem to increase tool life by delay of coating delaminations.AcknowledgementsThis research is supported by National Science Foundation, Grant No.: CMMI 0728228. P. Lu provided assistance in some analyses.金刚石涂层刀具的涂层厚度的影响作者：F. Qin, Y.K. Chou,D. Nolen and R.G. Thompson发表日期：2009摘要：化学气相沉积法（CVD），金刚石薄膜的发现，作为涂层刀具的应用。
英语专利翻译技巧为您讲述的专利文献翻译技巧专文献既是技术文件又是法律文件，它有一些惯用的词语，下面作一简要介绍。
一、专利惯用的词组.(Application Number)申请号.(Serisl Number)申请书，登记号(International Patent Classification,3 rd Edition)国际专利分类表（第三版）Abstract of the disclosure发明摘要Preferred embodiments最佳实施方案Cross-Sheet 5 第5页（图共5页）Sheet 3 of 4第3页（图共4页）二、常用的句子is made to our copending application 78 filed 31 st May 1978.请参阅我们在1978年5月31日登记的与此有关的申请书，其申请号为25838/78。
说明：make reference to:参考，提及。
Copending:与此有关的，尚待批准的。
present application is a continuation-in-part of applications filed , 1967,now abandoned and ,1968, now patent .本专利申请书是下列两件美国专利申请书的继续。
其中第一件于1967年3月27日提出申请，申请号626245，现已放弃。
第二件于1968年9月26日提出申请，申请号767046，专利号3619220。
说明：continuation-in-part:指的是接续专利。
.:流水号，档案号，申请号，登记号。
申请专利时，专利局进行登记，编一个流水号，习惯称为申请号。
经审查批准后，再编一个专利号。
invention described herein may be manufactured, used, and licensed by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment to us of any royalty thereon.本发明若为政府公务需要而由政府或为政府制造、使用、并发给执照，均可不支付专利使用费。
如何做好英文专利翻译Ⅰ.总则1. 专利说明书的中译，应特别注重"信"与"达"两大要求，即译文必须与原文内容完全相符，不得有任何出入或节略。
但中文必须通顺易读，使任何人不必参阅原文，即能了解中文内容。
2. 一件专利申请会包含「说明书摘要」、「摘要附图」、「权利要求书」、「说明书」及「说明书附图」，除摘要附图不需编页码外，其它个部分均需独立编页，亦即每一部份均需从「1」开始编页码（见附件一）。
3. PCT案件之摘要附图为首页之附图，CN案件本所则会另有指示，「摘要附图」不需加上页码，同时必须将「图X」之字样去除。
4. 在「说明书附图」中，请勿以「1/4」之页码编排而应在下方加阿拉伯数字自然排序，就如同「说明书」页码一样，但是附图中之「图1」，「图2」...则仍须保留。
5. 专利申请中的说明书应依以下各部分编译并写明各部分的标题（发明名称除外），每一部份之标题均需完全与下列标题完全相同：3.1 发明名称(Title)3.2 技术领域(Technical Field)：要求保护的技术方案所属的技术领域；3.3 背景技术(Background Art)：对要求保护的技术方案的理解、检索、审查有用的背景技术；3.4 发明内容(Contents of the invention)：要求保护的技术方案所要解决的技术问题以及解决该技术问题所用的技术方案，及对照现有技术所得的有益效果；3.5 附图说明(Description of figures)：各幅附图的简略说明；3.6 具体实施方式(Mode of Carrying out the Invention)：要求保护的技术方案的优选方式得详细说明，其中可能包含实施例或对照附图的说明。
6. 书写规则：4.1 规格：用纸规格为297毫米×210毫米（A4）；4.2 页边：译文的顶部（有标题的，从标题上沿至页边）应当留有25毫米空白；左侧应当留有25毫米空白；右侧应当留有15毫米空白，底部从页码下沿至页边应当留有15毫米空白；4.3 字体：应当使用宋体、仿宋体或者楷体，不应当使用草体及其它字体；4.4 字高：应当在3.5毫米至4.5毫米之间；行距应当在2.5毫米至3.5毫米之间。
一、专利惯用的词组Appl.No.(Application Number)申请号Ser.No.(Serisl Number)申请书，登记号Int.Cl.3 (International Patent Classification,3 rd Edition)国际专利分类表（第三版）Abstract of the disclosure 发明摘要Preferred embodiments 最佳实施方案Cross-Sheet 5 第5 页（图共5 页）Sheet 3 of 4 第3 页（图共4 页）二、常用的句子1.Reference is made to our copending application No.25838/78 filed 31 st May 1978.请参阅我们在1978 年5月31 日登记的与此有关的申请书，其申请号为25838/78。
说明：make reference to:参考，提及。
Copendi ng:与此有关的，尚待批准的。
2.The present application is a continuation-in-part ofU.S.patent applications Ser.No.626245, filed Mar.27, 1967,now abandoned and Ser.No.767046,filed Sept.26,1968, now patent No.3619220.本专利申请书是下列两件美国专利申请书的继续。
其中第一件于1967 年3 月27 日提出申请，申请号626245，现已放弃。
第二件于1968 年9 月26 日提出申请，申请号7 67046，专利号3619220。
说明：continuation-in-part:指的是接续专利。
Ser.No.:流水号，档案号，申请号，登记号。
申请专利时，专利局进行登记，编一个流水号，习惯称为申请号。
经审查批准后，再编一个专利号。
如何做好英文专利翻译Ⅰ.总则1. 专利说明书的中译，应特别注重"信"与"达"两大要求，即译文必须与原文内容完全相符，不得有任何出入或节略。
但中文必须通顺易读，使任何人不必参阅原文，即能了解中文内容。
2. 一件专利申请会包含「说明书摘要」、「摘要附图」、「权利要求书」、「说明书」及「说明书附图」，除摘要附图不需编页码外，其它个部分均需独立编页，亦即每一部份均需从「1」开始编页码（见附件一）。
3. PCT案件之摘要附图为首页之附图，CN案件本所则会另有指示，「摘要附图」不需加上页码，同时必须将「图X」之字样去除。
4. 在「说明书附图」中，请勿以「1/4」之页码编排而应在下方加阿拉伯数字自然排序，就如同「说明书」页码一样，但是附图中之「图1」，「图2」...则仍须保留。
5. 专利申请中的说明书应依以下各部分编译并写明各部分的标题（发明名称除外），每一部份之标题均需完全与下列标题完全相同：3.1 发明名称(Title)3.2 技术领域(Technical Field)：要求保护的技术方案所属的技术领域；3.3 背景技术(Background Art)：对要求保护的技术方案的理解、检索、审查有用的背景技术；3.4 发明内容(Contents of the invention)：要求保护的技术方案所要解决的技术问题以及解决该技术问题所用的技术方案，及对照现有技术所得的有益效果；3.5 附图说明(Description of figures)：各幅附图的简略说明；3.6 具体实施方式(Mode of Carrying out the Invention)：要求保护的技术方案的优选方式得详细说明，其中可能包含实施例或对照附图的说明。
6. 书写规则：4.1 规格：用纸规格为297毫米×210毫米（A4）；4.2 页边：译文的顶部（有标题的，从标题上沿至页边）应当留有25毫米空白；左侧应当留有25毫米空白；右侧应当留有15毫米空白，底部从页码下沿至页边应当留有15毫米空白；4.3 字体：应当使用宋体、仿宋体或者楷体，不应当使用草体及其它字体；4.4 字高：应当在3.5毫米至4.5毫米之间；行距应当在2.5毫米至3.5毫米之间。
