宁波大学2016年考研真题【014医学院】751预防医学(A卷)

20xx级临床专科《预防医学》试卷姓名：学号：分数：一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分）1．现代医学模式为（）A．自然哲学医学模式 B．机械论医学模式 C．生物—心理—社会医学模式 D．神灵主义医学模式 2．慢性苯中毒主要损害（）A．造血系统 B．呼吸系统 C．消化系统 D．神经系统3．急性中毒时可出现中枢神经系统后发症的毒物是（）A．有机磷农药 B．一氧化碳 C．二氧化硫 D．硫化氢4．若持续吸入高浓度、游离二氧化硅含量高的粉尘，经1～2年即可发生的疾病是（）A．速发型矽肺 B．迟发型矽肺 C．早发型矽肺 D．晚发型矽肺5．只属于婴儿所需的必需氨基酸为（）A．亮氨酸 B．赖氨酸 C．组氨酸 D．蛋氨酸6．根据我国的饮食习惯，居民热能的主要食物来源是（）A．鸡蛋 B．牛奶 C．瘦肉 D．粮谷类7．铁利用率较高的食物是（）A．海带 B．绿色蔬菜 C．动物血 D．蛋黄8．各种黄曲霉毒素中产毒量最高，毒性最大，致癌性最强的毒物是（）A．黄曲霉毒素B1 B．黄曲霉毒素B2 C．黄曲霉毒素G1 D．黄曲霉毒素G29．从辅助食品中给婴幼儿补铁的时间应在出生（）A．3个月以后 B．4个月以后 C．5个月以后 D．6个月以后10．被广泛运用的一种新型判断肥胖的指标是（）A．体重 B．体重指数 C．皮褶厚度 D．体脂含量11．医院不同区域的噪声要求不同，手术室和病房要求应小于（）A．75dB（A） B．65dB（A） C．55dB（A） D．45dB（A）12．发病率的分子是（）A．患病人数之和 B．新病人数之和 C．感染人数之和 D．死亡人数之和13．医院空气中微生物的消毒方法有（）A．紫外线照射、化学消毒剂、负离子发生器消毒 B．紫外线照射、化学消毒剂、红外线消毒C．紫外线照射、化学消毒剂、碱化消毒 D．紫外线照射、化学消毒剂、氯化消毒14．统计表的基本结构为（）A．标题、横标目、纵标目、线条 B．标题、横标目、纵标目、数字C．标题、横标目、纵标目、备注 D．标题、标目、线条、数字15．比较两家医院15年床位数的增加速度，可选用的统计图是（）A．构成图 B．直条图 C．线图 D．直方图16．属于非参数检验方法的是（）A．t检验 B．检验 C．方差分析 D．秩和检验17．作两样本均数（和）差别的显著性检验应选用的统计分析方法是（）A．t检验 B．检验 C．方差分析 D．秩和检验18．单因素方差分析的总变异是（）A．F值 B．SS总 C．SS组间 D．SS组内19．队列研究主要用于（）C．验证某种暴露因素对发病率或死亡率的影响 D．研究个体基因突变性20．疫源地消毒可分为（）A．隔日消毒和终末消毒 B．随时消毒和终末消毒 C．隔日消毒和随时消毒 D．三日消毒和终末消毒二、多项选择题（本大题共7小题，每小题2分，共14分）21．急性有机磷农药中毒可出现的主要临床表现有（）A．毒蕈碱样症状 B．肺水肿 C．中枢神经系统症状 D．迟发性脑病 E．烟碱样症状22．职业性肿瘤的诊断原则是（）A．肿瘤的诊断必须确实可靠 B．有明确的职业致癌因素接触史C．发病率与职业接触致癌物的量呈剂量-反应关系D．符合职业性肿瘤的一般规律 E．肿瘤发病率和职业接触史呈负相关23．细菌性食物中毒的诊断原则是（）A．有明显的季节性 B．中毒者有相似的饮食习惯 C．可找到引起中毒的可疑食品D．符合食物中毒的临床特征 E．有细菌和毒物检测结果证明24．糖尿病病人不宜吃或少吃的食物有（）A．糖果糕点 B．土豆、芋头 C．植物性脂肪 D．玉米面 E．甜饮料25．在统计学中，误差的种类有（）A．标准误差 B．计算误差 C．系统误差 D．随机测量误差 E．抽样误差26．描述计量资料的统计指标有（）A．均数 B．标准差 C．中位数 D．百分位数 E．构成比27．主要经血液传播的肝炎类型有（）A．甲型 B．乙型 C．丙型 D．丁型 E．庚型三、名词解释（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）28．终末消毒29．公害病30．相关系数31．矽尘作业32．噪声性耳聋33．散发34．心身疾病35．发病密度四、简答题（本大题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分）36．构成环境的主要因素有哪些?37．预防接种可出现哪些反应?38．简述合理膳食的基本卫生要求。

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试西医综合考研真题与答案可打印版一、A型题：1～120题。

1～90小题，每小题1.5分；91～120小题，每小题2分，共195分。

1.下列关于机体内环境稳态的描述，错误的是DA.稳态是一种动态平衡B.稳态的维持是机体自我调节的结果c.稳态调节中都有一个调节点D.稳态是指细胞内液理化性质基本恒定2.在引起和维持细胞内外Na+、K+不对等分布中起重要作用的膜蛋白是BA.载体B.离子泵c.膜受体D.通道3.神经细胞的静息电位为一70mV, Na+平衡电位为+60mV, Na+的电化学驱动力则为AA. -130mVB. -10mVC. +lOmVD. +130mV4.风湿热时，红细胞沉降率加快的原因是CA.红细胞表面积/体积比增大B.血浆白蛋白、卵磷脂含量增高C.血浆纤维蛋白原、球蛋白含量增高D.红细胞本身发生病变5.阿司匹林通过减少TXA2合成而抗血小板聚集的作用环节是AA. 抑制COXB.抑制TXA-,合成酶C.抑制PGI7合成酶D.抑制PLA26.心室肌细胞在相对不应期和超常期内产生动作电位的特点是BA.0期去极化速度快B.动作电位时程短C.兴奋传导速度快D.O期去极化幅度大7。

在微循环中，进行物质交换的血液不流经的血管是BA.后微动脉B.通血毛细血管C.微静脉D.微动脉8.下列呼吸系统疾病中，主要表现为呼气困难的是AA.肺气肿B.肺水肿C.肺纤维化D.肺炎9.下列关于CO影响血氧运输的叙述，错谈的是AA. CO中毒时血02分压下降B. CO妨碍02与Hb的结合C. CO妨碍02与Hb的解离D.cO中毒时血02含量下降10.下列关于颈动脉体化学感受器的描述，错误的是DA.其流入流出血液中的Pa02差接近零，通常处于动脉血环境中B. Pa02降低、PaC02和H+浓度升高对其刺激有协同作用c.感受器细胞上存在对02,、C02、H+敏感的不同受体D.血供非常丰富，单位时间内血流量为全身之冠11.胃和小肠蠕动频率的决定性因素是DA. 胃肠平滑肌动作电位频率B.胃肠平滑肌本身节律活动C. 胃肠肌问神经丛活动水平D.胃肠平滑肌慢波节律12.在胃黏膜壁细胞完全缺乏时，病人不会出现的表现是CA.维生素B12吸收障碍B.肠道内细菌加速生长C.胰腺分泌HC03-减少D.食物蛋白质消化不良13.促进胰腺分泌消化酶最主要的胃肠激素是CA.胰多肽B.促胰液素C.缩胆囊素D.胃泌素14.人体发热初期出现畏寒、寒战的原因是BA.散热过程受阻B.体温调定点上调C.体温调节中枢功能异常D.产热过程过强15.利用肾清除率概念测定GFR，被清除物除能被肾小球滤过外，尚需满足的条件是CA.不被肾小管重吸收，但可被分泌B.可被肾小管重吸收，但不可被分泌C.不被肾小管重吸收和分泌D.可被肾小管重吸收和分泌16.肾小管重吸收Na+与水的量与肾小球滤过率成定比关系的部位是DA.髓袢细段B.髓袢升支粗段C.远曲小管D.近端小管17.机体安静情况下，对醛固酮分泌调节不起作用的因素是CA.高血Na+B.血管紧张素IIC.促肾上腺皮质激素D.高血K+18.视网膜中央凹处视敏度极高的原因是DA.感光细胞直径小，感光系统聚合联系B. 感光细胞直径大，感光系统单线联系C.感光细胞直径大，感光系统聚合联系D.感光细胞直径小，感光系统单线联系19.在突触传递中，与神经末梢释放递质的数量呈正相关的因素是DA.末梢内囊泡的大小B.囊泡内递质的含量C.活化区面积的大小D.进入末梢的Ca2+量20.在周围神经系统中，属于胆碱能纤维的是CA.所有副交感节后纤维B.所有支配血管的交感节后纤维C.所有自主神经节前纤维D.所有支配汗腺的交感节后纤维21.下列激素中，能使机体的能量来源由糖代谢向脂肪代谢转移的是CA.胰岛素B.皮质醇C.生长激素D.甲状腺激素22.口服葡萄糖比静脉注射等量葡萄糖引起更多的胰岛素分泌，其原因是BA.小肠吸收葡萄糖非常完全。

宁波大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A 卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:分子生物学科目代码：941适用专业:海洋生物学、生物化学与分子生物学第1页共1页一、名词解释（40分，每个4分）NCBI 、mutiple cloning site 、nested-PCR 、genetic central dogma 、RNA splicing 、intron 、gene family 、trans-acting factor 、Klenow fragment 、microsatellite DNA二、问答题（50分）1、简述原核生物DNA 复制过程中需要哪些酶和蛋白的参与，各具有何作用？（10分）2、原核生物基因转录的终止子的种类及作用机制。

（10分）3、真核生物mRNA 与原核生物mRNA 的区别。

（10分）4、试比较原核生物和真核生物启动子结构的差别。

（10分）5、简述乳糖操纵子调节机制。

（10分）三、分析题（60分）1.简述RNA 提取方法，并描述如何确定提取RNA 的质量？（15分）2.简述SDS-PAGE 电泳和Western blot 检测流程？（15分）3.引物设计题：已知下列序列，请根据此序列下划线标示区设计上下游引物。

（10分）GAGGTTGTTCGAAGGATTGGAACCGGTATAAGGGCGTTAGACGGCG……TTCTACGACGTCGTCGT CTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCGTCTGAACAATAGTGGACGAACCACG4.现要求在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli )BL21中表达A 基因。

（20分）1）选择pET28a 为原核表达载体，假定某基因A 的ORF 序列中包含下列限制性内切酶位点Bam H I 、Hind III 、Sac I 。

pET28a 的多克隆位点如下：请为基因A 原核表达选择合适的限制性内切酶位点。

2）请写出实现A 基因在大肠杆菌中表达的实验流程。

宁大2006级临床医学《预防医学》考试B《预防医学》考试模拟试卷(B)学号姓名成绩_____________一、名词解释（每题2分，共10分）1.生物富集：2.尘肺：3.总体与样本：4.抽样误差：5.流行：二、是非题（每题1分，共10分）1.环境污染对健康损害的最主要的形式是急性中毒。

（）2.在同一氟中毒病人身上，可以同时见到骨质疏松和骨质硬化的现象。

（）3.毒物经皮吸收主要通过皮肤腺体导管的途径吸收的。

（）4.接触粉尘工龄在25年以上发生矽肺的称为晚发性矽肺。

（）5.预防黄曲霉毒素对食品污染的关键在于针对不同的食品种类进行有效的去毒处理。

（）6.当一组资料的每一个观察值都乘上A时，（A≠0）均数和标准差都有变化。

（）7.个体变量值的离散程度可用S来表示。

（）8.概率为1的事件是必然事件。

（）9．理上对正态分布资料μ±1.96σ范围外包括95%的变量值。

（）10.标准误越小，表示样本均数的可靠性越大。

（）三、填空题（每题1分，共20分）1.健康不仅是没有和，而是、、的完好状态。

2.紫外线的生物学效应主要有、、和。

3.地方性氟病主要受损的部位是和。

4.恶性肿瘤的主要危险因素有、、和。

5. 悬浮于空气中的、、统称为气溶胶。

6. 慢性苯中毒致造血系统的损害，首先表现为下降，尤其以减少为主。

7. 通常将含有％以上游离二氧化硅的粉尘称为矽尘。

8.亚硝酸盐食物中毒的特效解毒剂是。

9.统计工作的基本步骤________,________,__________,_________。

10.收集资料的要求____________,______________,_____________。

11.决定正态曲线的位置和形状的参数是________和__________。

12.统计资料的类型分为___________,____________,____________。

13. 在抽样研究中，表示抽样误差大小最常用的统计指标为________。

2016年浙江宁波大学综合课考研真题综合课 1一、法理学部分(40 分)（一）简答题（每题 5 分，共 20 分）1．简述法的特征。

2．简述权利滥用的具体表现。

3．简述我国法律责任的构成要素。

4．简述法治的形式要件。

（二）论述题（10 分）结合我国具体国情，谈谈当代中国法律制度的特征。

（三）案例分析题（10 分）2015 年 5 月 13 日，国务院发布关于中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利 70 周年纪念日调休放假的通知。

根据通知，2015 年 9 月 3 日全国放假 1 天。

《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》第五条规定：“二七纪念日、五卅纪念日、七七抗战纪念日、九三抗战胜利纪念日、九一八纪念日、教师节、护士节、记者节、植树节等其他节日、纪念日，均不放假。

”根据上述材料，试结合相关法理知识，谈谈你对依法治国的理解。

二、宪法学部分(40 分)（一）简答题（每题 5 分，共 20 分）1．简述宪法规范的基本特点。

2．简述我国行政区划的基本原则。

3．简述人民检察院的工作原则4．简述人民政协的地位和主要职能。

（二）论述题（10 分）结合我国具体情况，试比较特别行政区与一般行政区的共同点与不同点。

（三）案例分析题（10 分）当前全国出台车牌限购政策的城市共有七个，分别是上海（1994 年）、北京（2010 年）、贵阳（2011 年）、广州（2012 年）、天津（2013 年）、杭州（2014 年）和深圳（2014）。

这其中，北京、贵阳为摇号购车，上海为拍卖购车，广州、天津、杭州和深圳为摇号和拍卖相结合的政策。

随着城市交通拥堵问题越来越严重，车牌限购已经引起了全国大中城市的关注，并酝酿出台相关政策。

根据上述材料，试结合宪法及其相关法律，谈谈你对车牌限购的认识。

三、刑法学部分（40 分）（一）名词解释题（每题 5 分，共 15 分）1．假释2．结果加重犯3．伪证罪（二）简答题（7 分）《刑法修正案（九）》中，把绑架罪第二款：“犯前款罪，致使被绑架人死亡或者杀害被绑架人的，处死刑，并处没收财产。

2016年浙江宁波大学生物化学考研真题一、名词解释（共 40 分，每小题 4 分）1．尿素循环2．DNA 的 Tm 值3．蛋白质的三级结构4．糖异生作用5．蛋白质盐析6．cori 循环7．呼吸链8．Sanger 试剂9．蛋白激酶10．酮体二、单项选择题（共 50 分，每小题 2 分）1．下列哪种氨基酸在蛋白质分子组成中不存在?A．半胱氨酸 B．蛋氨酸 C．色氨酸 D．鸟氨酸2．引起蛋白质变性的原因主要是：A．三维结构破坏 B．肽键破坏 C．胶体稳定性因素被破坏 D．亚基的解聚3．有四种 DNA 片段，其 Tm 分别如下，推测 A+T 含量较高的 DNA 片段为？A．Tm=87︒C B．Tm=84︒CC．Tm=80︒C D．Tm=75︒C4．下列关于 RNA 分子中“5′-Cap”结构的叙述哪一项是正确的？A．存在于 tRNA 的反密码环中 B．存在于 tRNA 的 5′末端C．5′-Cap 由多聚腺苷酸组成 D．存在于真核细胞 mRNA 的 5′末端5．脂肪酸从头合成的限速酶是：A．缩合酶 B．α,β-烯脂酰-ACP 还原酶C．β-酮脂酰-ACP 还原酶 D．乙酰 CoA 羧化酶6．被称作第二信使的分子是：A．cDNA B．ACP C．cAMP D．AMP7．与氨基酸结合的 tRNA 部位是：A．3′末端 B．5′末端 C． N-末端 D． C-末端8．已知 1mL 酶溶液的含氮量为 0.1mg，活力单位为 250u，该酶的比活力是：A．400u/mg 酶蛋白 B．350u/mg 酶蛋白C．300u/mg 酶蛋白 D．250u/mg 酶蛋白9．口角炎症是由于以下哪一种维生素缺乏引起的？A．维生素 A B．维生素 B1C．维生素 B2 D．维生素 C10．紫外线对 DNA 的损伤主要是：A．导致碱基置换 B．造成碱基缺失C．形成嘧啶二聚体 D．引起 DNA 链的断裂11．下列哪一个蛋白质不具有四级结构？A．肌红蛋白 B．L-乳酸脱氢酶C．血红蛋白 D．3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶12．下列哪种试剂可测定蛋白质多肽链的氨基末端？A．CNBr B．PITCC．浓 HCl D．胰蛋白酶13．氰化物中毒时，被抑制的电子载体是：A．Cyt bc1 B．Cyt aa 3C．Cyt b D．Cyt c114．脂酰-CoA 的-氧化过程顺序是：A．脱氢，加水，再脱氢，加水 B．脱氢，加水，再脱氢，硫解C．脱氢，脱水，再脱氢，硫解 D．水合，脱氢，再加水，硫解15．脂肪酸合成时，将乙酰- CoA 从线粒体转运至胞液的是：A．三羧酸循环 B．乙醛酸循环C．柠檬酸穿梭 D．磷酸甘油穿梭作用16．下列氨基酸中，直接参与嘌呤环和嘧啶环合成的是：A．天冬氨酸 B．谷氨酰胺 C．甘氨酸 D．谷氨酸17．在鸟氨酸循环中，尿素由下列哪种物质水解而得：A．鸟氨酸 B．胍氨酸 C．精氨酸 D．精氨琥珀酸18．酶原所以没有活性是因为：A．酶蛋白肽链合成不完全 B．活性中心未形成或未暴露C．酶原是普通的蛋白质 D．缺乏辅酶或辅基19．在大脑和肌肉组织中，线粒体外的 NADH+H+ 经穿梭作用进入线粒体内氧化，能产生几个ATP？A．1．0 B．1.5 C．2.5 D．3.520．以下哪一种酶在糖酵解和糖异生途径中都发挥作用？A．3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶 B．丙酮酸激酶C．果糖-1，6-二磷酸酶 D．己糖激酶21．在真核生物中，下列哪个过程不发生在线粒体上？A．磷酸戊糖途径 B．氧化磷酸化C．三羧酸循环 D．丙酮酸氧化脱羧22．下列哪种动力学特性属于酶的竞争性可逆抑制作用？A．Vmax 不变，Km 下降 B．Vmax 不变，Km 增加C．Vmax 降低，Km 不变 D．Vmax 下降，Km 下降23．由维生素 B6 参与形成的辅助因子是下列哪种酶活性必需的？A．谷丙转氨酶 B．丙酮酸脱羧酶C．L-乳酸脱氢酶 D．琥珀酸脱氢酶24．以 NADP+作为氢受体形成 NADPH+H+的代谢途径是：A．糖酵解 B．三羧酸循环 C．磷酸戊糖途径 D．糖原异生25．逆转录病毒（retrovirus）的逆转录酶在宿主细胞中合成负链 DNA 所用的引物是：A．tRNA B．mRNA C．rRNA D．5S rRNA三、问答题（60 分）1. 简述酶学中“中产物学说”和“诱导锲合学说”。

考试科目:预防医学科目代码：751适用专业:流行病与卫生统计学、劳动卫生与环境卫生学、营养与食品卫生学一、名词解释（每题4分，共60分）1.定量资料和定性资料2.续发率3.双盲4.共变法5.突发公共卫生事件6.非参数统计7.窒息性气体8.职业工效学9.矽肺10.二次污染物11.氧债12.静力作业13.蛋白质互补作用14.必需脂肪酸15.食物的营养价值二、填空（每空１分，共80分）1.在临床试验中，常用的随机化分组方法有（）、（）和（）三种。

2.流行病学任务的三个阶段依次是()、（)和（）。

3.流行病学的基本特征包括（)、()、()、()、预防为主和（)。

4.单因素方差分析的SS总由（)、（)两部分构成。

5.统计表内说明数字含义的部分叫(),可分为（)、（)两种。

6.进行假设检验，发生第一类错误的概率用（)表示，发生第二类错误的概率用()表示，把握度为（)。

7.描述定量资料的常用统计图有（）、（）、（）、（）。

8.《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定，霍乱属于（）类传染病，其防治要点包括对病考试科目:预防医学科目代码：751适用专业:流行病与卫生统计学、劳动卫生与环境卫生学、营养与食品卫生学人采取（）；对（）采取“三管一灭；对疫点坚持（）、（）、（）、（）的原则。

9.占正态曲线下面积的（）、（）、（）的区间范围分别为μ±6、μ±1.966和μ±2.586。

10.线性回归模型的适用条件可概括为（）、（）、（）和（）。

11.在流行病学研究中，控制混杂偏倚的方法有（）、（）和（）和统计学处理，最常用的统计学处理方法有（）、（）和（）。

12.随机变量的最常用的概率分布包括离散型变量的（)与（）以及(）变量的正态分布。

13.防尘措施的八字方针是：革、（)、密、（)、护、（)、（)、（)。

14.大气中气态污染物主要可以分为以下五类：()、()、()、()、()。

15.生产性毒物在生产环境中的存在形式包括：()、()、()、()、()和（)。

宁波大学2016年全日制硕士医学院招生参考书目医学院071010生物化学与分子生物学（适合于医学、药学相关专业毕业的考生）初试：741生物化学：《生物化学》第8版，查锡良、药立波主编，人民卫生出版社，2013；941分子生物学：《医学分子生物学》第3版，药立波主编，人民卫生出版社，2008。

复试：《医学细胞生物学》第5版,陈誉华主编，人民卫生出版社，2013。

加试：《医学微生物学》第8版,李凡主编，人民卫生出版社，2013；《医学遗传学》第6版，左伋主编，人民卫生出版社，2013。

100201内科学复试：《实用内科学》（上、下册）陈颢珠主编,人民卫生出版社,第13版；《内科学》（高等医学院校本科教材）叶任高主编,人民卫生出版社,第7版。

加试：《生理学》（高等医学院校本科教材）朱大年主编，人民卫生出版社,第7版；《病理生理学》（高等医学院校本科教材）金惠銘主编，人民卫生出版社,第6版。

100202儿科学复试：《实用儿科学》（上、下册）胡亚美、江载芳主编，人民卫生出版社,，第7版；《儿科学》（卫生部“十一五”规划教材）沈晓明主编，人民卫生出版社，第7版。

加试：《生理学》（高等医学院校本科教材）朱大年主编，人民卫生出版社,第7版；《病理生理学》（高等医学院校本科教材）金惠銘主编，人民卫生出版社,第6版。

100205精神病与精神卫生学复试：《精神病学》沈渔邨主编,人民卫生出版社,第5版；《精神病学》（高等医学院校本科教材）郝伟主编,人民卫生出版社,第6版。

加试：《生理学》（高等医学院校本科教材）朱大年主编，人民卫生出版社,第7版；《病理生理学》（高等医学院校本科教材）金惠銘主编，人民卫生出版社,第6版。

100207影像医学与核医学复试：《中华影像医学》（总论卷、呼吸系统卷、中枢神经系统卷、肝胆胰脾卷、泌尿生殖系统卷、介入放射学卷、超声诊断学卷、影像核医学卷）吴恩惠总主编,人民卫生出版社,第2版（2010）；《医学影像诊断学》（全国高等学校教材,供医学影像学专业用）白人驹主编,人民卫生出版社,第3版（2010）。

考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第2页共8页12.Piquette must have been seventeen then,although she looked about twenty.I stared at her,astounded that anyone could have changed so much.A.overwhelmed B.greatly surprised C.worried D.frightened13.Hitler’s blood lust and the hateful appetites have impelled him on his Russian adventure.A.ambition B.stomach C.belly D.intestines14.Burne-Wilke’s cabin had the dark,warm,comfortable look of a library den.“I say,Henry,what is your position on shipboard drinking?I have a fair bottle of cherry here.”A.much-contented B.just C.nice D.beautiful15.No one would anticipate that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in history.A.evolve B.run C.develop D.roll16.Mr.President,I second the proposal!(A silence;Hancock swats a fly.)A.succeed B.propose C.support D.stand17.The house detective’s gaze moved on to sweep the spacious,well-appointed room.A.clean B.mop C.clear D.examine18.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few years,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.A.work hard B.feel hot C.fall ill D.feel hungry19.Sitting in her chair,she clasped her hands in order to conceal their trembling.A.pretend B.uncover C.prevent D.disguise20.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.A.imposed B.described C.inscribed D.subscribedSection B.Lexical interpretation.There are ten words or phrases underlined in the following sentences.You are required to use other English words or phrases to explain them with the meanings that best suit those sentences (1×10points).For example:Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.Answer:great eloquence1.Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards,taut and protesting.2.I went back to my room with a heavy heart.I had gravely underestimated the size of my task.3.Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs,or the simple,everyday kitchenware used in this country.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第3页共8页4.Barring the catastrophe of nuclear war,it will continue to shape both modern culture and the consciousness of those who inhabit that culture.5.The Nazi regime excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression.6.It was familiar ground;boy and man,I had been through it often before.But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.7.This is a war in which the whole nation is engaged without distinction of race,creed,or party.8.Ever-increasing production,the drive to make bigger and better things,have become aims in themselves,new ideals.Work has become alienated from the working person.9.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.10.What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and culture,less avid for material gain.II.Cloze (20points)Directions:There are twenty blanks in the following passage.You are required to fill the words or phrases in them that best complete the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically,syntactically and textually.The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar.Radical feminists,however,remained hostile to the temptations of consumer capitalism.Drawing inspiration from the civil rights slogan “The Personal is Political,”movement activists (1)_______as Casey Hayden and Mary King began (2)_______organize women against the male domination (3)_______SNCC (Students for a Democratic Society),and (4)_______groups.Despite the radical community’s support (5)_______equal rights,they asserted,New Left men reflected the establishment culture by assigning women office duties (6)_______other minor tasks.Feminists also complained (7)_______the male-oriented sexual revolution degraded women (8)_______treating them (9)_______playthings and objects (10)_______conquests.While their male colleagues greeted their efforts with ridicule and open hostility,New Left women introduced “rap”sessions to share (11)_______complaints and address gender identity issues.(12)_______1968,200(13)_______feminists organized (14)_______first women’s liberation demonstration.Calling themselves the Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH),activists projected (15)_______“sexism”and capitalism’s “objectification”of women’s bodies.They picketed the Miss America Pageant and threw “instruments of torture”such as brassieres考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第4页共8页and high-heeled (16)_______into a “freedom trash can.”Feminists focused (17)_______women’s control of their (18)_______bodies with an agenda (19)_______included the right to legal abortions,distribution of birth control literature,and passage of tougher laws (20)_______rape and spousal abuse.III.Error Detection and Correction (20points)Directions:There are twenty-one errors in the following passage.You may detect and correct either twenty of them or more than that.When you get more than twenty correct answers,your scores will not surpass twenty.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.As a human beings,you have maintained across time a core sense of self,thanks in good part as memory.Nevertheless,the I that is you is daily modified by what you experience,by what you were learning and coming to know.Five year ago,you were not the same person you are today;ten years hence,you will not precisely the person you now are.As you are age,you steadily accumulate knowledge,some of it formally,some of it informally.Considering some of the things you know in present—about history,about people,about work,about etiquette,about science,about style.Then think about what you garnered that knowledge.Chances is that some of it you acquired formally in school:what you to know about the contribution of Ancient Greece of modern democracy,your understanding of photosynthesis or Euclidean geometry,you ability to differentiate satire from irony.Some things you may have learn through a combination of formally instruction,observation and practice:how to work successful in a group,how to wait on customers efficiently and courteously,how to apply brakes skillfully in traffics,how to cut food with a knife,what clothes to wear to the prom.And some knowledges you probable acquired almost exclusively from extended experience:what acquaintances to trust and not to trust,what writers and musicians appeal or do not appeal to you,what aptitudes your possess or lack for particular fields of study.(1)_______________(2)_______________(3)_______________(4)_______________(5)_______________(6)_______________(7)_______________(8)_______________(9)_______________(10)______________(11)______________(12)______________(13)______________(14)______________(15)______________(16)______________(17)______________(18)______________(19)______________(20)______________(21)______________考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第5页共8页IV.Sentence Paraphrase (10points)Directions:There are five long or difficult sentences underlined in the following passage.You are required to paraphrase them in your own words according to the context.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1)Britain’s merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days;it is almost a forgotten industry.Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation’s economy.Ninety-nine per cent of our trade in and out of the country goes by ship—and over half of it in British ships.(2)Shipping is also a significant British success story.It earns over £1000million a year in foreign exchange earnings:without our merchant fleet,the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit,despite North Sea oil.But,today this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before.(3)On almost all the major sea routes of the world,the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.The threat comes from two main directions:from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries (4)who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies,and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping companies;and from the merchant fleets of the developing nations,(5)who are bent on taking over the lion’s share of the trade between Europe and Africa,Asia and the Far East—routes in which Britain has a big stake.V.Reading Comprehension (30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section.Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.Read the following passage and provide a brief answer to the questions after the passage (2.5×4points).If someone says to you ‘Our car has broken down’,your reaction may simply be to feel sorry.For the linguist,though,even such a simple utterance calls for quite an elaborate explanation.As far as the meaning and the grammar of the sentence are concerned,a traditional description would try to paraphrase the meanings of the words used;it would analyze the clause pattern (here a simple combination of subject and verb or predicate),and would probably go on to discuss the use of the present perfect tense.Modern linguists have on the whole not been satisfied with the traditional explanation of grammatical structures and word meanings.Indeed much work in modern linguistics has been devoted to constructing rules that would produce our initial sentence,but would exclude sentences like We car has考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第6页共8页broken down or Our car has jumped up as not well-formed.The ultimate goal of this endeavor has been to establish a body of logical rules for generating the sentences of a language that are grammatically correct and semantically acceptable.For the individual words a set of ‘objective’semantic features has been proposed which would guarantee that the words are inserted appropriately into the grammatical structure.Thus the meaning of car would be described with the semantic features ‘inanimate’,‘concrete’,‘movable’and ‘self-propelled’.Assuming that the logical rules and objective semantic features which generate language are stored in our memory,it seems only natural to claim that they are of a mental nature.This approach is therefore also ‘cognitive’in the original sense of the word (i.e.‘related to knowledge’).However,it is not the kind of ‘cognitive linguistics’that our topic is about.To distinguish this approach from what we have in mind when we talk about ‘cognitive linguistics’,we will characterize it as the logical view in cognitive linguistics.As we understand the term,cognitive linguistics is today chiefly represented by the experiential view.Its main claim is that instead of postulating logical rules and objective definitions on the basis of theoretical considerations and introspection,a more practical and empirical path should be pursued.For example,one can ask language users to describe what is going on in their minds when they produce and understand words and sentences.As experiments have shown,people will not only state that a car has a box-like shape,that it has wheels,doors,and windows,that it is driven by an engine and equipped with a steering wheel,an accelerator and brakes,and that it has seats for the driver and the passengers.More likely than not,it will also be mentioned that a car is comfortable and fast,that it offers mobility,independence and perhaps social status.Some people may connect the notion of car with their first love affair,or with injury if they were once involved in an accident.1.What would a traditional linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?2.What would a modern linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?3.How is the logical view related to ‘cognitive linguistics’?4.What is the claim of the experiential view?Section B.Read the following passage and decide whether the statements after it are true or false (2.5×4points).It is strange and disturbing to watch the straight (i.e.,mainstream)community’s angry,sometimes violent reaction to the hippies.There are many reasons for this.The principal one is appearance.The hippies dress strangely.They dress this way because they have thrown a lot of middle-class notions out of the window and with them the most sensitive middle-class dogma:the neutral appearance.The straight world is a jungle of taboos,fears,and personality games.People in that jungle prey on each other mercilessly.Therefore,to survive in any jungle requires good protective coloring:the camouflage of respectable appearance.The anonymity of middle-class dress is like a flag of truce.It means (whether true or not):“I’m not one of the predators.”It is in the nature of an assurance of harmlessness.Unusual or bright-colored clothing then becomes an alarm,a danger signal to the fearful and their armed truce with the rest of mankind.They see it as a challenge.They are fearful,unsure of themselves,and fear sours into anger.It is but a step to thinking that the anger is “good.”The oldest fallacy in the world is that anything that makes you angry must be mad.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第7页共8页The sin of the hippies is that they will not play the straight game of camouflage.Their non-participation,in effect,exposes them as another tribe,whose disregard of straight taboos of dress makes them seem to be capable of anything,and therefore a danger.That danger moreover is felt clear up to city hall,that shrine of Squaredom.Why else,I submit,does the Health Department of this city have such a tender solitude about the living conditions of human beings at the Haight when they have ignored the conditions at Hunter’s Point,the Mission and the Fillmore?Many people cannot understand the hippies’rejection of everything that is commonly expected of the individual in regard to employment and life goals:steady lucrative employment,and the accumulation through the years of possessions and money,building (always building)security for the future.It is precisely this security hypochondria,this checking of bank book rather than pulses,this worrying over budgets instead of medicine cabinets,that drive the youth of today away.It is this frantic concern with money that also drives the young into the Haight-Ashbury.They have seen their parents slave for years,wasting away a lifetime to make sure that the house was paid off,that the kids got through school in order to get “good”jobs so that they could join the frantic scramble,later on.The parents’reward for this struggle is that they wind up old and tired,alienated from their children,and just as often each parent from the other.1.The hippies dress strangely because they have defied the dressing values of the middle class.()2.For middle class,to survive in the straight world is to protect themselves by the camouflage of respectable appearance.()3.The hippies belong to another tribe of people because they have a different custom of dresses.()4.The hippies understand their parents struggling their way all their lives and sympathize them.()Section C.Read the following passage and then write a summary of it within 100words (1×10points).The vast majority of books on the English language take British English as their starting point.There are many reasons for this:British English is the old variety,and traditionally British English has enjoyed more prestige,at least in Europe and in former English colonies,than American English.Until not so long ago,American English was considered less educated,less cultured,less beautiful than British English.Teachers in many European countries were not allowed to have an American accent,and high-school students who returned from a year in the United States were sometimes punished with low grades by conservative teachers.This attitude seems mostly to have disappeared even if there are still traces of it.Another reason for the predominance of British English is simply one of publishing traditions:Britain has a long tradition of producing textbooks and dictionaries and of marketing them all over the world,whereas there have been relatively few American textbooks or dictionaries written for audiences worldwide.The result is a curious situation:The majority of the world’s native speakers of English are Americans,about 240million people.They make up the majority of the 400million native speakers,compared with about 57million speakers in Britain.They speak English with American pronunciation,vocabulary,and grammar.Much more American than British English is heard in films and on television,and more American English is used in international business,computing,and science.宁波大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Yet the textbooks for non-native speakers that are used in schools in many countries are still mostly oriented toward British English,sometimes presenting American English as an aberration,often just in the form of a collection of words to learn.There are some useful books on American English,mostly designed for college or university use,that deal with vocabulary,spelling and pronunciation,but they usually give very little information concerning grammar or practical language use in the United States. Nor do they make any attempts to explain why there are differences between the two major varieties.SummaryVI.Writing(50points)Directions:Now in universities or colleges,some BA students want to work and earn money after graduation while other BA students plan to continue their education as MA students.The chief reasons for those BA students who intend to further their study can be either that it is hard to find a good job as BA students or that they love study and make greater contribution for their country.That is,the former read for MA just to get a higher degree so as to find a better job;the latter read for MA just to give a full expression to their academic ability and do research work.What is your purpose to read for MA?Or what kind of BA students do you belong to when you are taking this MA entrance exam?In the following topic of writing,please clarify your purpose to read for MA and give your reasons.You are suggested to make your argument in three major paragraphs with introduction,argumentation and conclusion in about400words.Remember to write your essay on the Answer Sheet.My Purpose to Read for MA科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学I.Vocabulary(30points)This part consists of two sections.Section ADirections:Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1×20points).1.He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A.acknowledgedB.convertedC.conformedD.renounced2.The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A.devisingB.supportingC.fundingD.provoking3.I wish you two would stop bickering.plaining B quarreling C.bargaining D murmuring4.The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A.forgivingB.releaseC.leniencyD.impartiality5.The little boy listened,enthralled by the Captain’s story.A.fascinatedB.swindledC.shockedD.bored6.I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A.encouragementB.special skillC.shrewdnessD.eloquence7.Your action is a breach of our university regulations.A.observationB.violationC.creationD.attack8.Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A.predicateB.swingC.dilateD.verify9.Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A.impulsiveB.multicoloredC.obligatoryughable10.Morality,for him,was doing what is expedient.A.undesirableB.unavailable C advantageous D.inappropriate11.“The giant was big”is a tautological statement,to say the least.A.tightB.redundantC.illogicalD.relative科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学III.Error Detection and Correction(20points)Directions:There are twenty errors in the following passage.You should detect and correct all the errors.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Marxist Criticism is a criticism based on the historical,economic,and sociology1 theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.According to Marxism,the conscious2of a given class in a given historical moment derives modes of material production.3The set of beliefs,values,attitudes,and ideas that constitute the consciousness of this4 class forms a ideological superstructure,and this ideological superstructure is5 shaped and determined by the material infrastructure and economic base.Hence the6 term"historic materialism."Marxism assumes the ontological priority of matter7 above mind and sees mind as the product of historical forces.There is thus a dialectical8 relationship between the literature work and its socio-historical background.9 Dialectical criticism focuses on the causal connections of the content or form10of the work and the economic,class,social,or ideological factors that shape and11 determines that content and form.Bourgeois writers,for example,inevitably propagate a12 bourgeois ideology that seeks to universalizing the status quo,to see it as natural rather13 than historical.The notion that there is a one-to-one correspondence to the class14 consciousness of the writer,the ideology of the work,and the society-historical15 background out of which it emerges is often labeled vulgarly Marxism,even by16 Marxists themselves.Sophisticated Marxism,however,like Fredric Jameson17 points out,is concerned with"the influence of the given social raw material,not only18on the content,but on the very form of the work themselves....[The dialectical19 interaction of work and background],this fact of sheer interrelationship,is prior of20any of the conceptual categories,such as causality,reflection,or analogy,subsequently evoked to explain it."科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学IV.Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section. Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.(10points)By the mid-century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form.Indeed,there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all.Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods,two of them,William Burroughs and Henry Miller,served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa.He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs.The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style.Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories,or where the characters have come from.In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch,Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together,to further disturb the conventional notion of narration.Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works,American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided.In order to better expose compulsive desires,he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships.His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published.Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions,he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2.What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?3.What can we assume about Burroughs'earlier works?4.What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?5.What can we infer about the works of the two men?科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1.According to this passage,Shakespeare’s sonnets might have contained a continuity of love story.2.The speaker of Shakespeare’s sonnets is perfectly happy with both the young noble man and the“dark lady”,according to the passage.3.Shakespeare’s sonnets were dedicated to a“W.H.”,who must be Henry Wriothesley,the Earl ofSouthampton.4.It could be inferred from the passage that most life stories about Shakespeare are conjectures.5.Shakespeare wrote153sonnets,all of which have the feel of autobiographical poems.Section C(10points)Read the following passage and write a summary of it within200words.Knowing that Mrs.Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble,great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.It was her sister Josephine who told her,in broken sentences;veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.Her husband's friend Richards was there,too,near her.It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received,with Brently Mallard's name leading the list of"killed."He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful,less tender friend in bearing the sad message.She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same,with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance.She wept at once,with sudden,wild abandonment,in her sister's arms.When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.There stood,facing the open window,a comfortable,roomy armchair.Into this she sank,pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.The delicious breath of rain was in the air.In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her faintly,and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless,except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学She was young,with a fair,calm face,whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes,whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky.It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully.What was it?She did not know;it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it,creeping out of the sky,reaching toward her through the sounds,the scents,the color that filled the air.Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously.She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her,and she was striving to beat it back with her will--as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under the breath:"free,free,free!"The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes.They stayed keen and bright.Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her.A clear and exalted perception enabled her to dismiss the suggestion as trivial.She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind,tender hands folded in death;the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead.But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.There would be no one to live for during those coming years;she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.And yet she had loved him--sometimes.Often she had not.What did it matter!What could love,the unsolved mystery,count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!"Free!Body and soul free!"she kept whispering.Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,imploring for admission."Louise,open the door!I beg;open the door--you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise?For heaven's sake open the door."。

入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 预防医学科目代码：751 适用专业: 流行病与卫生统计学、劳动卫生与环境卫生学、营养与食品卫生学入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 预防医学科目代码：751 适用专业: 流行病与卫生统计学、劳动卫生与环境卫生学、营养与食品卫生学入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 预防医学科目代码：751 适用专业: 流行病与卫生统计学、劳动卫生与环境卫生学、营养与食品卫生学入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:预防医学科目代码：751适用专业:流行病与卫生统计学、劳动卫生与环境卫生学、营养与食品卫生学一、名词解释（每题4分，共60分）1.定量资料和定性资料2.续发率3.双盲4.共变法5.突发公共卫生事件6.非参数统计7.窒息性气体8.职业工效学9.矽肺10.二次污染物11.氧债12.静力作业13.蛋白质互补作用14.必需脂肪酸15.食物的营养价值二、填空（每空１分，共80分）1.在临床试验中，常用的随机化分组方法有（）、（）和（）三种。

2.流行病学任务的三个阶段依次是()、()和（）。

3.流行病学的基本特征包括()、()、()、()、预防为主和()。

由()、()两部分构成。

4.单因素方差分析的SS总5.统计表内说明数字含义的部分叫(),可分为()、()两种。

6.进行假设检验，发生第一类错误的概率用()表示，发生第二类错误的概率用()表示，把握度为()。

7.描述定量资料的常用统计图有（）、（）、（）、（）。

8.《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定，霍乱属于（）类传染病，其防治要点包括对病入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:预防医学科目代码：751适用专业:流行病与卫生统计学、劳动卫生与环境卫生学、营养与食品卫生学人采取（）；对（）采取“三管一灭；对疫点坚持（）、（）、（）、（）的原则。

9.占正态曲线下面积的（）、（）、（）的区间范围分别为μ±6、μ±1.966和μ±2.586。