高中英语专题复习：说明文阅读理解训练及答案

2022高考英语阅读之说明文训练（含答案）(A)One out of three kids in our country are now considered obese (过度肥胖的)．Life is different now from when we grew up.The days of allowing our children to ride their bikes and play outside are nearly gone.With the average kid spending seven hours a day on all screen media combined (TV，videos，DVDs，computer time outside of schoolwork，and video games)，our children are not getting the minimum requirement of one hour of exercise per day that they need.This needs to be changed，but where do we start?We lead by example.If you don't work out，your children most likely won't either.Children will mimic what you do more than they'll ever listen to what you say.How many times have you thought，“My child is just like me？”Many of us wait to have the perfect time to exercise，but we need to deliberately make the time.If necessary，exercising for 10 minutes three times a day is a great way to get started.After all，some activity is always better than none.A great way to ensure that your whole family benefits from fitness activities is to do activities that your whole family can do together.You can take walks after dinner，play in the backyard，put on a Zumba video and dance with your kids，sign your children and yourself up for classes at the local gym，and hike，bike，and swim on the weekends.I know you're busy.But we all get the same 24 hours in a day，and we need to make them count.The excuse of “I don't have enough time” is a very real one，but with awareness (意识) of our time management and planning，we can all do anize your life，live by a schedule，and model the behavior you want to see in your children.1．What contributes to childhood obesity in the author's opinion?A．Children's hobbies.B．Parents' habits.C．The living environment.D．The school requirements.2．What does the underlined word “mimic” probably mean?A．Copy. B．Wonder.C．Approve. D．Suspect.3．According to the text，we should make the time to exercise by ________.A．limiting screen timeB．scheduling it in advanceC．consulting our gym coachD．talking with our family members4．Why does the author advise parents to develop the habit of exercising?A．To fight against ageing.B．To control their weight.C．To improve their fitness.D．To set an example to their kids.(B)Meet some of the natives of Hawaiians today and you may just find that not much has changed in their nature-loving culture.Many Hawaiians show interest and actively take part in the ancient arts and crafts of their ancestors.They are enthusiastic about preserving their culture and their traditions，which makes them one of the most long-lasting and persevering cultures in the world.Perhaps it is because of their close ties with and respect for nature that the Hawaiians hold on so tightly to their ways.Perhaps the most heart-warming aspect of Hawaiian culture is simply their inviting，welcoming and hospitable (好客的) spirit.Kindness can be seen in the smiles on their faces and the unique greeting “Aloha！”“Aloha” is commonly used to say “hello” or “goodbye”．On a deeper level，however，this is also a greeting that is meant to express a spirit of harmony (和谐)，positivity and goodness among one another.When native Hawaiians greet you “Aloha”，they are expressing their love，respect and good wishes.In many ways，the simplicity of the word “Aloha” and its deep meaning reflect (反映) the beauty of the Hawaiian islands and its people.The theme here seems to be that the beauty is in the details.The Hawaiian culture is influenced just as much by social，political and economic factors as it is by thechanging tides，rising mountains，living forests and shinning stars.If you plan on taking a vacation to Hawaii，remember to take some time to relax and get to know the people and the spirit of “Aloha”．You're sure to take pleasure in enjoying every little detail of Hawaii－its culture and its people.1．Why do Hawaiians take an active part in the ancient arts and crafts?A．To attract more tourists.B．To preserve their culture.C．To learn about their early history.D．To show respect to their ancestors.2．What is the most heart-warming aspect of Hawaiian culture?A．Their love of nature.B．Their simple way of living.C．Their kindness to visitors.D．Their special way of greeting.3．What can we learn about the Hawaiians' unique greeting “Aloha”？A．Its meaning is complex and unclear.B．It is mainly used to express the feeling of love.C．It is usually used to greet people for the first time.D．It has a deep spiritual meaning to native Hawaiians.4．What is the text mainly about?A．The Hawaiian culture.B．The beauty of Hawaii.C．The natives of Hawaiians.D．The good spirit of Hawaiians.(C)While you might not realize it，the environment where you sleep can make a great difference in the actual quality of sleep that you get every night.With a few simple lifestyle changes，you can create a healthy sleep environment that helps improve your sleep quality.Go to bed and get up at the same time every day，even on weekends，holidaysand days off.Studies show that people who do so are more rested than those who sleep irregularly(不规律地)．Go to sleep only when you start to feel sleepy.If you don't fall asleep within about 15 minutes，get up and do something relaxing.Go back to bed when you are tired.Pay attention to what you eat and drink.Don't go to bed either hungry or stuffed.Your discomfort might keep you up.Avoid caffeine(咖啡因)6 hours before you sleep.Having a cup of coffee within a few hours of bed time can keep you awake for hours when you are trying to sleep.Coffee isn't the only product containing caffeine.Avoid chocolate and tea，too.Also limit(限制) how much you drink before bed to prevent trips to the toilet at night.Many people turn on the TV before they go to influences your natural sleep habits by making you stay up longer than you usually would，especially if you are watching something exciting.Instead of turning on the TV，read a book.Light reading before bed can help you fall into a deep sleep quickly.If you suffer from serious sleep problems，go to your doctor.Your doctor will help treat the problem or may advise you to see a sleep specialist.1．What should you do to make sure you have a good sleep at weekends according to the text?A．Get up a bit later than usual.B．Go to bed at a regular time.C．Watch some relaxing TV programs.D．Avoid drinking coffee or tea in the day.2．What does the author advise you to do if you can't fall asleep after lying in bed for 15 minutes?A．To drink some water.B．To do some light reading.C．To listen to light music.D．To get up and relax.3．What does the underlined word “stuffed”in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Having slept too much.B．Having eaten too much.C．Feeling too sad.D．Feeling to tired.4．What does the text mainly talk about?A．What to do before going to bed.B．The importance of sleeping well.C．How to improve your sleep quality.D．The relationship between sleep and lifestyle.(D)Is your bedroom really hot? If it is，it may be affecting your memory，and other thinking skills.New research shows that sleeping in a hot room can affect the thinking ability of even healthy young adults.This finding comes from Harvard University.Researchers there looked at 24 students before，during and after a heat wave for 12 days.Of the 24 students，four slept in rooms with air-conditioning，also called “AC” for short.And 20 slept in rooms without AC.Jose Guillermo led the study.He said they also used tools that recorded physical activity，including heart rate，sweat，and some sleep conditions.The researchers also noted how much water the students drank and how much time they spent outside.Basically，they found great harm to the thinking ability of the study participants (参与者) in rooms without AC.During the heat wave，students in buildings without AC performed on average 13 percent worse at the tests than those in cooler rooms. Specifically，the students who slept without AC during a heat wave were slower to respond and had difficulty making quick decisions.Daisy Chang (who was not part of this study) is a psychologist at Michigan State University.She says there could be other reasons for their poor performance.“A lot of reasons could potentially explain this kind of exposure effect.It's not necessarily directly exposure to heat.The heat could have affected their sleep quality so they're less rested—they have less energy，or mental resources，or ability to focus.”The rooms without AC had fans and open windows.So，they were louder at night.This could have made sleeping difficult.On the other hand，airconditioned rooms can hold higher levels of carbon dioxide.This can also affect a person's abilityto think.However，the students slept better in a cooler room.1．According to the research，what is negatively affected if your bedroom is really hot?A．Heart rate. B．Water intake.C．Blood pressure. D．Thinking ability.2．Why does the author mention Daisy Chang?A．To show how the heat wave affects people.B．To explain where the finding can be applied.C．To indicate the finding needs to be further investigated.D．To explain the reasons for the effect of exposure to heat.3．What does the underlined word “they” refer to?A．The rooms without AC.B．The fans and open windows.C．The air conditioners themselves.D．The students in rooms without AC.4．What can we learn about the study?A．Hot weather affects at-risk populations.B．The study itself was carelessly prepared.C．Its finding is contradictory and confusing.D．Sleeping in hot rooms is bad for the brain.（E)When one thinks of Valentine's Day，he/she thinks of the holiday of love. However，the origins of this day actually have a dark background.According to ，in around 270 A．D.，there was a fertility (生育)festival called Lupercalia.To start the festival the priests would sacrifice (祭祀)a goat for fertility.The priests would then cut the goat skin into strips，dip them into blood and go around the streets slapping (抽打) women with the goat skin.The Roman women welcomed the slaps because they believed it would make them more fertile in the next year.The second part of the festival was a ceremony.All of the young women would put their names in a pot and the unmarried men wouldpick their pair for the year and the well-matched pair usually ended in marriage.It wasn't until the Middle Ages that Valentine's Day became connected with love.In France and England，Feb.14 was the beginning of the birds' mating (交配) season，which added to the idea of romance.And it wasn't until the 17th century that it became common for friends and lovers to exchange small gifts or notes.However，in today's society there are two different views on the day of love.The first is that Valentine's Day is just a holiday that is created by the card，flower，and jewellery industries.The second is that Valentine's Day is a day to love those who are held dear to one's heart.Valentine's Day is a major holiday that millions of people spend a certain amount of money on for the people they love.The approximate amount of money that is expected to be spent on Valentine's Day is $19.7 billion.Even though Valentine's Day in today's society is a celebration of love，it once started out as a holiday celebrating fertility.1．Who were most affected by “Lupercalia” in ancient Rome?A．Children. B．Priests.C．Farmers. D．Women.2．What are responsible for Valentine's Day in its modern sense?A．Religious activities. B．Natural phenomena.C．Political systems. D．Cultural exchanges.3．What can we conclude from the last but one paragraph?A．Valentine's Day is causing disagreements among people.B．Valentine's Day is going to be celebrated differently.C．Valentine's Day is becoming a big day for business.D．Valentine's Day is gradually losing its popularity.4．What could be the best title for the text?A．The dark history of Valentine's DayB．A major festival in ancient RomeC．Valentine's Day in the Middle AgesD．A romantic day for lovers（F)E-waste is growing，and with that comes the need for effective electronics recycling programs.People are looking for information on TV recycling，computer recycling，and other programs that will help them responsibly get rid of unwanted equipment.With new cheap devices (设备)，society has gained great benefits.However，they have led to a rapidly growing issue of end-of-life (EOL)electronics or e-waste. According to one report，nearly 75 percent of old electronics continue to be stored at home because of the unavailability of convenient recycling programs.These EOL electronic devices include such items as old-fashioned computer equipment，televisions and mobile phones.Such items can often be recycled，yet a large amount still finds its way to the landfill (垃圾填埋地)．Recent recycling is unable to catch up with the rapid growth of e-waste.For example，for 2009，the U．S.EPA reported that only 8 percent of cell phones were recycled by weight，along with 17 percent of televisions，and 38 percent of computers.Electronics recycling is essential.Electronics are a rich source of raw materials.Internationally，only 10-15 percent of the gold in e-waste is successfully recovered while the rest is lost.However，electronic waste contains precious metal evaluated to be between 40 and 50 times richer than ores (矿石) from the earth. Additionally，old electronic devices contain poisonous substances.Proper processing is essential to ensure that these materials are not released into the environment.How can consumers recycle their old electronic devices? The best choice is to donate computer equipment that can be reused.Other recycling opportunities include electronics recycler locations or electronics recycling programs such as those offered by BestBuy.Also，other programs are available to help us with the recycling of cell phones，such as through Call2Recycle.1．What caused the rapid increase of e-waste?A．The growth of new cheap devices.B．The poor storage conditions at home.C．The unavailability of recycling programs.D．The lack of related environmental policies.2．What does the example in Paragraph 3 show?A．Cell phones are hard to recycle.B．The electronics recycling rate is still low.C．EOL electronic devices include various items.D．Many electronics can't find their way to the landfill.3．What is the author's purpose in writing Paragraph 4?A．To show how to recycle electronics effectively.B．To show why it is important to recycle electronics.C．To draw people's attention to electronics recycling.D．To ask more people to join in electronics recycling.4．We know from the last paragraph that consumers ________.A．are more willing to donate their used equipmentB．help Call2Recycle a lot in electronics recyclingC．have a number of recycling opportunitiesD．hope to have more recycling programs（G)Old Problem，New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warning will continue for some decades after CO2 emission (排放) peak. So even if emission were to begin decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation，it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least，the US National Climate Assessment says that: “T here is no ‘one-size fit all’ adaptation.”Nevertheless，there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.Around the world people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have some more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that server as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and othercommunicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration c ame from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norp hel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool t he planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allows him to plant。

说明文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Medical artificial intelligence (AI) can perform with expert-level accuracy and deliver cost- effective care. IBM's Watson diagnoses (诊断) heart disease better than cardiologists (心脏病专家) do. Chatbots give better medical advice to patients in place of nurses. Some forecast that medical AI will enter 90% of hospitals and replace as much as 80% of what doctors currently do. Yet, as our recent research suggests, patients show a strong resistance to medical AI.The reason, we found, is not the belief that AI provides lower care. Nor is it that patients think that AI is more costly or less informative. Rather, resistance to medical AI seems to come from a belief that AI does not take into account one's specific circumstances. People view themselves as unique. By contrast, they think medical care delivered by AI providers is suited to treat an average patient but unsuitable to account for the unique circumstances that apply to an individual. No wonder that medical AI providers are given a cold welcome.There are a number of steps that care providers can take to overcome patients' resistance to medical AI. For example, if an AI provider is capable of tailoring its recommendation for whether to have a surgery to each patient's unique characteristics and medical history, patients would be likely to follow the treatment recommendations of the AI provider. In addition, health care providers could also deliver individualized health care by explaining how the algorithms (算法) work and sharing patients' reviews with the media. Having a physician confirm the recommendation of an AI provider should make people more willing to accept AI-based care. People are comfortable using medical AI if a physician remains in charge of the ultimate decision.AI-based health care technologies are being developed and employed at an impressivethem will require that we first overcome patients' doubt of having an algorithm, rather than a person making decisions about their care.1．What made people resist the medical AI?A. A sufferer's temper ignored by medical AI.B. People's lasting trust in a human doctor's ability.C. The concern about its personalization in treatment.D. The accuracy of the information from medical AI.2．What can be a solution to patients' resistance according to the author?A. Treating sufferers as average patients.B. Providing a more specific treatment.C. Getting the algorithms prioritized in time.D. Keeping away from the influence of a physician.3．Which word can replace the underlined word "harnessing" in the last paragraph?A. Weakening.B. Storing.C. Destroying.D. Using.4．What is the suitable title for the text?A. Advantages of Medical AIB. Potential Application of AIC. How AI Replaces Nurses in HealthcareD. The Challenge That Medical AI FacesWith nearly a quarter of global greenhouse gas coming from all types of transportation, can we keep ourselves off gas-powered vehicles to avoid the worst effects? As more governments push for urgent action on climate change, quite a few companies are betting their future—that millions of consumers are finally ready for electric-powered vehicles. Modern battery-powered cars are selling fast and zero-emission(排放) planes are coming. These changes, both leading to a more sustainable future, are reinventing how we get from here to there.Cars and trucks have undergone their greatest improvement since the automobile's existence more than a century ago. Almost overnight, the era of the electric car has arrived. Electricity has the advantage that it works without smell and with less noise. Global annual sales of electric vehicles are expected to soar from just over 3 million today to 14 million by2025. Just a month after Ford unveiled an electric version of the popular F-150, customers had reserved more than 100,000 of them. The price is about $10,000 above the gas-powered one, but Ford says the electric model will cost much less to maintain. Everything creating a green revolution on the ground is of limited help in the sky for the time being.High-storage batteries are useless at present when it comes to the technological challenge of launching a few hundred people into the sky and carrying them thousands of miles. No battery yet invented can power, say, a Boeing 747 from New York to London. Promising improvements, however, do add up. Developments with zero-emission, battery-powered electric engines are already happening in commercial flights, involving trips of limited duration and distance. Airlines specializing in short journeys with small planes will lead theway to electric flights.Our planet's health depends on zeroing out carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, and yet, by the timetable needed to address the climate challenge, the shift away from gas-powered vehicles remains far too slow. Nevertheless, the train has left the station. Someday, electric-powered transportation will be as common5．Why are many companies switching to electric-powered vehicles?A.To reinvent the way we travel.B.To cut the costs of car production.C.To improve the quality of products.D.To pursue sustainable development.6．What do we know about the electric car?A.It came into use a century ago.B.It enjoys increasing popularity.C.It sells better than the traditional one.D.It costs less than the gas-powered one. 7．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?A.To show the disadvantages of battery power.B.To emphasize the significance of short flights.C.To state the developments of commercial flights.D.To stress the future prospects of electric planes.8．What does the author mean by saying "the train has left the station"?A.Train transportation has improved.B.Green transportation is on its way.C.The electric train is running regularly.D.The gas-powered train has become the past.Technology has revolutionized (使革命化) the way we work in many ways. One of the most significant changes has been the shift towards remote and flexible work. With the rise of internet and cloud-based software, workers are no longer tied to a physical office and can work from anywhere with an internet connection. This has allowed for greater flexibility and work-life balance, as well as reduced commuting (通勤) time and costs.Another major change is the increasing use of automation and artificial intelligence in the workplace. This has the potential to increase efficiency and productivity, as well as reduce the need for certain types of work. However, it also raises concerns about job displacement and the need for workers to adapt to new technologies.Finally, technology has greatly expanded the types of jobs available. With the rise of the gig (临时工) economy and freelance (自由职业者) work, workers can now find opportunities in areas such as graphic design (平面设计), copywriting (文案撰写), and socialmedia management. This has created opportunities for individuals to work in areas that were previously inaccessible or did not exist.9．What is the shift in the way we work brought about by technology?A. Flexible and remote work.B. Tying people to a physical office.C. Increased commuting and travel.D. Higher costs and lower productivity. 10．What is the impact of internet and cloud-based software on the way we work?A. It has reduced work-life balance.B. It has increased commuting time and costs.C. It has allowed for greater flexibility and work-life balance.D. It has caused job displacement.11．What are the potential benefits of automation and AI in the workplace?A. Increased job displacement.B. Reduced efficiency and productivity.C. Increased efficiency and productivity.D. Increased commuting and travel.12．What has technology allowed for in terms of job availability?A. Technology has decreased the number of available jobs.B. Technology has created opportunities for individuals to work in areas that were previously inaccessible or did not exist.C. Technology has only impacted traditional office jobs.D. Technology has increased commuting time and costs.Penguins are survivors. Modern species of the adorable birds resist freezing temperatures or dive deep in swift currents. In fact, penguins have been doing their adorable thing for millions of years. Prehistoric penguin species date back to the days of the dinosaurs. A team of researchers in New Zealand have discovered one more member of the ancient family, a tiny and distinctly precious species newly known as Eudyptula wilsonae. Its name, which comes from a New Zealand respected seabird researcher Kerry-Jayne Wilson MNZM, means Wilson's little penguin. Explaining in their recent paper, the researchers detail how the examination of small fossilized skulls(颅骨) led to the classification of this cute creature who lived 50 million years ago.Two fossils were discovered on New Zealand's North Island. Only the skulls are still in existence, and they are slightly narrower than those of modern little penguins which currently frolic(嬉戏) along the island's coasts. From the one young and one adult skull, the researchers determined it was a new species. They likely stood just about a foot tall and weighed2 pounds, much like the modern penguins. In fact, the new species may bea late Pliocene ancestor of the modern birds."This is important when thinking about the origins of these penguins, the evolution of the seabird diversity of New Zealand and the dynamic environment in which they live," co-author Daniel Thomas said in a statement. "For one thing, the climate has changed a lot over this time, and this lineage has been robust(强健的) to those changes." In fact, recent warming has resulted in new challenges for modern little penguins-many starved to death in 2022 as fish moved to cooler waters beyond the diving abilities of the penguins.Ancient penguins' ability to survive when temperatures were warmer in their own time might have modern applications. As cute as these fossilized small penguins are, the modern variety needs humans to look beyond their sweet nature to recognize the complexity of their survival.13．What is Eudyptula wilsonae's name related to?A. A site.B. A shape.C. A person.D. Penguin's appearance.14．What is the feature of the new species?A. They look like modern birds.B.They enjoyed playing by the coasts.C. They share similar heights to modern penguins.D. They are heavier than modern penguins.15．What can be inferred from the third paragraph?A. Thomas attached insufficient importance to the finding.B. The living environment of penguins is worsening.C. The changing climate has little effect on penguins.D. Many fish died due to changes in water temperature.16．Where is the text most likely from?A. An essay from a scientific magazine.B. An introduction to a book.C.A guidebook to biology research.D. A review of penguins' evolution.“Pale Moon rains. Red Moon blows. White Moon neither rains nor snows.” For generations, people have watched the Moon for signs of changes in the weather. The Moon does, in fact, affect the Earth’s climate and weather patterns in different ways.The most obvious effect the Moon has on the Earth can be seen in the ocean tides. A world without tides would have very different weather systems. Tides are one factor that influences the movement of ocean currents, which move warm or cool water around the Earth. Thus, the water temperature changes. Warm ocean currents bring warmer and wetter weather,while cold ocean currents bring colder and drier weather.the amount of Arctic ice. Tidal forces (潮汐力) act to break up ice sheets and change ocean heat flows, changing the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean. Satellite measurements have shown that the poles are 0.55℃ warmer during a full Moon.The Moon’s influence, sometimes slight and sometimes strong, has had an important impact on life on Earth. Some scientists argue that it is the Moon that made life possible in the first place. The Moon makes the Earth move steadily as it is spinning (自转), helping to give us a steady climate. Without it, the Earth would lose balance. The Moon is our closest friend, without which the Earth would be a very lonely place.17．Why do people watch the Moon according to Paragraph 1?A. To appreciate the moon.B. To record weather patterns.C. To prepare for extreme weather.D. To observe signs of weather changes 18．What impact does the Moon have on the Earth?A. It influences water temperatureB. It makes weather hard to predictC. It turns the earth colder and drier.D. It changes the size of ocean currents. 19．What does the underlined word “fluctuations” mean?A. Change.B. Increase.C. Flow.D. Measurement. 20．What is the best title for the passage?A. Changes of Ocean Heat Flows.B. Patterns of the Earth’s Climate.C. Causes of Changes in Polar Weather.D. Effects of the Moon on Global Weather Osa is an athletic yet stubborn 62-pound German shepherd. The six-year-old dog has mastered the art of sniffing(嗅,闻) out cancer and is key to a research project that has the potential to change oncology(肿瘤学).Osa is part of an ambitious effort launched five years ago at the University of Pennsylvania that aims to develop one of the most powerful scent-detection(气味探测) machines in the world: the canine nose. She is able to distinguish between blood samples (样本) taken from cancer patients and healthy people simply by sniffing them.In fact, Osa is one of five cancer-detection dogs trained by Annemarie DeAngelo and her workmates at the university’s Penn Vet Working Dog Centre. The most important goal is to develop an “electronic sniffer” that can have similar cancer-sniffing superpowers of Osa and her pals. Osa arrived at the Penn Vet Working Dog Centre from a breeder at two months ofage. Ever since, she has taken training. The process is demanding, challenging and repeated until the dog has mastered the most basic task of all. Finally, she has succeeded in sniffing out cancer. To change Osa’s outstanding abilities into an electronic nose, researchers use a similar way to train the machine.An electronic nose prototype(原型,模型) has been built, and it’s successful in sniffing out cancer 90 to 95 percent of the time. That team has also correctly detected different types of cancer, and is building a cancer-detecting device for the National Institutes of Health. One aim is to be able to distinguish between early-stage and late-stage cancer. “It would be amazing to ide ntify people at an early stage and really have an effect on saving lives,” says a researcher. “The dogs have been able to detect that. With that ability, a blood test could be sent to a central lab, or ideally performed in a doctor’s office, making some hi dden cancers a thing of the past. We expect that the cancer-sniffer device will be completed soon. 21．What can we learn about Osa from the first two paragraphs?A. She uses nose to detect the presence of cancer.B. She can change the course of the oncology.C. She was too stubborn to join the research.D. She used to be an athletic German shepherd.22．Which of the following best describes the training according to Paragraph 3?A. Purposeful.B. Boring.C. Strict.D. Endless.23．What can we infer from t he researcher’s words?A. Distinguishing cancers is important in early experiments.B. Blood tests will be more difficult in the future.C. There will be more dogs tested for detecting cancer.D. The hidden cancers may be detected by an electronic nose soon.24．What is the text mainly about?A. The result of a study on dogs’ life.B. The role of dogs in detecting cancers.C. The importance of having a blood test.D. The ways to distinguish cancers.参考答案1．答案：C解析：细节理解题。

英语专题复习说明文阅读理解训练一、2017·全国二卷CTerrafugiaInc said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after TerrafugiaInc introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks TerrafugiaInc has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The movement has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said TerrafugiaInc was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. TerrafugiaInc says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition.B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying cars.C. The designers of the Transition.29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causes traffic jams.B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive.D. It bums too much fuel.30. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A. CautiousB. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto ShowB. The Transition’s Fist FlightC. Pilots’ Dream Coming TrueD. Flying Car Closer to RealityDWhen a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983,two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short?Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned .The attacker who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate （亲密的）than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.32. What does a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietlyD. It sends out certain chemicals.33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.34. Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A. predict natural disastersB. protect themselves against insectsC. talk to one another intentionallyD. help their neighbors when necessary35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The word is changing faster than ever.B. People have stronger senses than beforeC. The world is more complex than it seemsD. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.二、2017·全国三卷CAfter years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations —major food sources（来源）for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation（植被）, which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red fores have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.28. What is the text mainly about?A. Wildlife research in the United States.B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.29. What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Tested.B. Separated.C. Forced out.D. Tracked down.30.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？A. Damage to local ecology.B. A decline in the park’s income.C. Preservation of vegetation.D. An increase in the variety of animals.31.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？A. Doubtful.B. Positive.C. Disapproving.D. Uncaring.DThe Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “Drive LAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated（隔绝）and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation（导航）tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr. Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The Drive LAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解决方案）to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”32.What is the purpose of the Drivel LAB?A. To explore new means of transport.B. To design new types of cars.C. To find out older driver`s problems.D. To teach people traffic rules.33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A. It keeps them independent.B. It helps them save time.C. It builds up their strength.D. It cures their mental illnesses.34. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A. Improve their driving skills.B. Develop driver-assist technologies.C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.D. Organize regular physical checkups.35. What is the best title for the text?A. A new Model Electric CarB. A Solution to Traffic ProblemC. Driving Service for eldersD. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road三、2018·江西一模CAlongside air and water, food is a necessity for human beings to survive and thrive. But it’s a lot more than that. As Mariette Dichristina of Scientific American wrote: “The most intimate（亲密的）relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being. Instead, it is between our bodies and our food.”Nowadays, for most people in the world’s wealthiest countries, food is a hobby, an enthusiasm, and even something fashionable. Turn on the TV in the US, UK or France, and you’ll find at least one channel feeding this popular obsession. And most of us know at least one person who thinks of themselves as a “foodie”. It’s almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen. But behind the fancy recipes and social media bragging（夸耀）, many of us forget how much we take food for granted. This is why World Food Day is held each year.Take Kenya for example. This east African nation has been suffering terrible droughts. The result is that people are beginning to starve. Children in particular are suffering, with some of them even dying. This may seem shocking to know, especially as many cultures outside of Africa think of food in a completely different way. But even in the UK, families on low incomes are forced to use food banks—European organizations that hand out donated food to those who can’t afford to pay for it themselves. So what can we do on World Food Day? One good way to spend it would be to feel humble and appreciate what we have. After all, food is essential for survival, but not everyone is as lucky as we are when it comes to dinner time.28. According to Mariette Dichristina, what has the closest relationship with us?A. Air.B. Water.C. Food.D. Human beings.29. What does the underlined word “foodie” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Delicious food.B. A person fond of food.C. A social media app.D. A photo of delicious meals.30. Who can get help from food banks?A. Poor people in the UK.B. Poor people in Africa.C. Starving children in Kenya.D. People in the drought-stricken.31. What’s the best title for the text?A. Treat Food as a HobbyB. Time to Appreciate FoodC. Food Shortage in Some CountriesD. How to Spend World Food DayDTraditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material: But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration from an octopus（章鱼）.Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search，rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots” the study’s authors wrote.Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment don’t do so well on rough terrains（地形）or in unpredictable conditions. And they aren’t especially safe around humans, because they’re made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. They’re taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone （硅酮）body, it’s still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration,” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology’ Center for Micro-Bio Robotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”32. What’s the special feature of “Octobot”？A. It’s soft.B. It’s made of metal.C. It’s very small.D. It looks like an octopus.33. What’s the disadvantage of traditional robots?A. They’re hard to control.B. They’re too heavy to move.C. They can’t predict conditions.D. They can’t behave well all the time.34. One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobot’s ________.A. silicone bodyB. complex componentsC. precise movementsD. flexible power source35. What’s the possible application of “Octobot”？A. Medical research.B. Life rescue.C. Machine operation.D. House cleaning.一、28-31 ACBD 32-35 DABC二、28-31 DCAB 32-35 CACD三、28-31 CBAB 32-35 ADDB。

专题01 阅读理解(说明文)高频话题01 人与自我—饮食Passage 12022-2023学年下学期·福建福州·高一期末试卷New Year’s Day is meant for food. As the new year arrives around the world, there could be special cakes and breads, for example, long noodles representing long life, field peas representing coins, and pigs representing good luck. The particulars vary, but the general theme is the same: Enjoy food and drink to bring in a year of prosperity. Here are some of the New Year’s food traditions around the world.Hoppin’ John, American SouthA major New Year’s food tradition in the American South, Hoppin’ John is a dish of pork-flavored field peas or black-eyed peas—symbolizing coins—and rice, frequently served with cooked greens—as they’re the color of money and cornbread—the color of gold. The dish is said to bring good luck in the new year.Twelve grapes, SpainThe people of Spain traditionally watch a broadcast from Puerta del Sol in Madrid, where people gather in front of the square’s clock tower to ring in the New Year. Those out in the square and those watching at home take part in an unusual annual tradition: At the stroke of midnight, they eat one grape for every toll of the clock bell. Some even get their grapes ready—peeling and seeding the—to make sure they will be as efficient as possible when mid-night comes.Tamales, MexicoTamales, corn dough filled with meat, cheese and other delicious additions and wrapped in a banana leaf or acorn husk, make appearances at pretty much every special occasion in Mexico. In many families, groups of women gather together to make hundreds of the little packets to hand out to friends, family and neighbors. Soba noodles, JapanIn Japanese households, families eat buckwheat soba noodles, or toshikoshi soba, at mid-night on New Year’s Eve to say goodbye to the year gone by and welcome the year to come. The tradition dates back to the 17th century, and the long noodles symbolize longevity and prosperity.1. The common theme of food for New Year’s Day is _______.A. to show its deliciousness and sell well in marketB. to celebrate new year and wish for blessings from natureC. to eat and drink well and hope for a fancy new yearD. to say farewell to the old year and welcome the new year2. Which dish is believed to bring good luck in the new year?A. Twelve grapes.B. Hoppin’John.C. Tamales.D. Soba noodles. 3. Which group of people would share fond with neighbors on New Year’s Day? A. The Americans. B. The Mexicans. C. The Spanish. D. The Japanese.【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

高考英语复习阅读理解专练说明文8篇Passage 1(2017北京,C)Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called“herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions?Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.1.The first two paragraphs suggest that .A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsrmation about measles spreads quickly2.Herd immunity works well when .A.exemptions are allowedB.several vaccines are used togetherC.the whole neighborhood is involved inD.new regulations are added to the state laws3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A.The overuse of vaccine.B.The lack of medical care.C.The features of measles itself.D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To introduce the idea of exemption.B.To discuss methods to cure measles.C.To stress the importance of vaccination.D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.Passage 2(2017天津,A)Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.What to do?Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.Clicking “send”too soonDon’t waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.Writing the wrong nameThe sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured:don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).Clicking “reply all”unintentionallyYou accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all”to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.Sending an offensive message to its subjectThe most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.1.After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel .A.curiousB.tiredC.awfulD.funny2.If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to .A.apologise in a serious mannerB.tell the receiver to ignore the errorC.learn to write the name correctlyD.send a short notice to everyone3.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all”email?A.Try offering other choices.B.Avoid further involvement.C.Meet other staff members.D.Make a light-hearted apology.4.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?A.By promising not to offend the receiver again.B.By seeking support from the receiver’s friends.C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.D.By talking to the receiver face to face.5.What is the passage mainly about?A.Defining email errors.B.Reducing email mistakes.C.Handling email accidents.D.Improving email writing.Passage 3(2017天津,D)I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours?To understand the issue, let’s take a look at three types of “waits”.The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池)as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away from thebody and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific.“Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. You’re probably just as busy as the next guy.1.While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to .A.keep ourselves busyB.get absent-mindedC.grow anxiousD.stay focused2.What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait?A.The Forced Wait requires some self-control.B.The Forced Wait makes people passive.C.The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.D.The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.3.What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait?A.It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.B.It doesn’t always bring the desired result.C.It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.D.It doesn’t give people faith and hope.4.What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?A.Take it seriously.B.Don’t rely on others.C.Do something else.D.Don’t lose heart.5.The author supports his view by .A.exploring various causes of “waits”B.describing detailed processes of “waits”C.analyzing different categories of “waits”D.revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”Passage 4(2017浙江,B)Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day!Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime?Watch TV.“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,”says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago,schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A.American kids’sleeping habits.B.Teenagers’sleep-related diseases.C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A.7 hours.B.8 hours.C.10 hours.D.18 hours.3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.B.They tend to do things that excite them.C.They follow their parents’examples.D.They don’t need to go to school early.Passage 5(2017课标全国Ⅰ,C)Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and ourthoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?A.It will disappear gradually.B.It remains black and white.C.It should keep up with the times.D.It changes every 50 years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Exploring the Future of JazzB.The Rise and Fall of JazzC.The Story of a Jazz MusicianD.Celebrating the Jazz DayPassage 6(2016课标Ⅲ,C)If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.1.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts’lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.2.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety.B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.3.What does the underlined phrase“a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean?A.A practical idea.B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan.D.A selfish desire.4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote apple research.Passage 7(2015课标Ⅰ,C)Salvador Dali(1904—1989)was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces,most importantly The Persistence ofMemory.There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938,works on paper,objects,and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning,the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限).“From the infinity small to the infinity large,contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus:amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,”explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida.1.Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?A.Optimistic.B.Productive.C.Generous.D.Traditional.2.What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?A.One of his masterworks.B.A successful screen adaptation.C.An artistic creation for the stage.D.One of the best TV programmes.3.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?A.By popularity.B.By importance.C.By size and shape.D.By time and subject.4.What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents. Passage 8(2014课标Ⅰ,B)Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point,there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States,making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller,a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles(about 515 kilometers)long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly,the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been theirundoing.Where the birds were most abundant,people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the mercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then threw large nets over them,taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’need forwood,which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farthernorth,where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone,never to be seen again.In 1897,the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons,but by then,no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County,Ohio,in 1900.For a time,a few birds survived under human care.The last of them,known affectionately as Martha,died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.1.In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons .A.were the biggest bird in the worldB.lived mainly in the south of AmericaC.did great harm to the natural environmentD.were the largest bird population in the US2.The underlined word “undoing”probably refers to the pigeons’.A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution3.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A.To seek pleasure.B.To save other birds.C.To make money.D.To protect crops.4.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A.It was ignored by the public.B.It was declared too late.C.It was unfair.D.It was strict.答案全解全析Passage 1[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。

专题卷三阅读理解之说明文1．阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%, according to new UCL research carried out as part of the Public Health Research Center.The study, published in JAMA Psychiatry, found a two-way relationship between depression and physical activity. People who increased their weekly activity reported fewer depressive symptoms but those with more depressive symptoms were less active, particularly at younger ages.Researchers followed 11,135 people born in 1958 up until the age of 50, recording depressive symptoms and levels of physical activity at regular intervals in adulthood. They found that each additional activity period per week reduced odds of depression by 6%. In England 19% of men and 26% of women are currently classed as “inactive”, and this study suggests that activity could significantly improve their mental as well as physical health.“Assuming the association is causal, physical activity has a protective effect against depression. If an adult between their twenties and forties who isn’ t physically active became active 3 times per week, they would reduce their risks of depression by about 16%.” says Dr. Snehal of the UCL Institute of Child Heal th, lead author of the study.Professor Mark, Director of the Public Health Research Center, said, “Many people are already aware of the benefits of physical activity on their general health, but now we are seeing more evidence that suggest it also has a positive effect on a person’s mental well-being. The latest research highlights just how important it is to ensure that people are working and living in environments that allow them to be both physically active and mentally healthy.”1.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To tell us a fun story about how to protect us against depression.B. To introduce a research on the link between activity and depression.C. To persuade readers to increase their weekly activity.D. To describe the disadvantages of physical activity.2.According to the second paragraph, if people increase their weekly activity, ______.A. their depressive symptoms will be fewerB. their depressive symptoms will be moreC. they will become much youngerD. they will become more depressive3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Dr. Snehal thinks it important to be both physically and mentally healthy.B. The research shows men are more active in physical activities than women.C. Adults who insist on physical activity will reduce depression completely.D. Increasing physical activities can free people from depression in a way.4.The author shows his view mainly by_______.A. doing researchB. comparing and contrastingC. trying on himselfD. discussing and summarizing【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.B4.B 推理判断题。

2023届高考英语三轮复习阅读理解七选五冲刺训练：说明文篇（3）①多元文化【文章&题目】The world has been witnessing a growing number of countries where people from around the globe live together and communicate with each other, with various customs and beliefs coexisting. America and Singapore are typical examples. Distinct cultures merge into a common cultural context for mankind. ____1____Culture shapes our identity and influences our behaviors, and cultural diversity makes us accept, or to some extent, even integrate and assimilate (同化) into other cultures. To adapt to a diverse cultural community, the fundamental thing is to be aware that there are different cultures apart from our own. ____2____ Sometimes a person may not know much about geography or history, but by mixing with people from other cultures, they may have the opportunity to learn more about different countries.For those who want to learn but do not know where to start, a great point is to pick up a book about the culture they are interested in, or do some online research on reputable websites. ____3____ One more way to start learning about new cultures is simply tasting the food from different cultures, since food can also be an aspect of cultural diversity.____4____ It’s the same for children too, especially for those who live in culturally diverse cities such as Los Angeles, Shanghai, or Hong Kong. If children are not aware of diversity, then they become close-minded. This can lead to troubles at school and even lead to bullying. Show them how diverse the world is. ____5____In today’s world, if we are able to know about other cultures, and respect other values, life will be easier for us.A．Understanding diversity is important for adults.B．Here are some ways to fight against cultural prejudices.C．The best way to learn, though, is through face-to-face interaction.D．That’s why more of us feel as if we are living in a multicultural age.E．Take a positive view of different cultures, and we can broaden our horizons. F．Help them be more open-minded toward people of different races, cultures, and countries.G．In many multicultural communities, the best representation of diversity can be found in schools.【答案&解析】【答案】1．D 2．E 3．C 4．A 5．F1．根据上文“Distinct cultures merge into a common cultural context for mankind.”(不同的文化融合成人类共同的文化背景。

2022高三英语阅读专题训练之说明文（A）The third-generation hybrid rice which was developed by Yuan Longping, the "father of hybrid rice", and his team ran its first public yield monitoring from Monday to Tuesday and achieved high output. The final yield of the tested variety, G3-1S/P19, came to1046.3 kg per mu （about 667 square meters）, based on two pieces of land in Qingzhu Village under the city of Hengyang in central China's Hunan Province."Some previous high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in China took 160 to even 180 days from sowing to harvesting, while the figure was shortened to around 125 days for the new variety. This is one of the most important features of the third-generation hybrid rice that can reduce the use of pesticides（X虫剂）and fertilizers, thus reducing cost and improving production efficiency." said Qian Qian, the deputy director of the China National Rice Research Institute.Unlike the previous two generations that required a large amount of water and fertilizers as well as demanding growing conditions and technological support, the third-generation hybrid rice is easier to be cultivated（种植）by ordinary farmers. So the soil, altitude and climate of the test site were not "ideal conditions" carefully selected beforehand but were close to the paddies（稻田）of ordinary farmers.Nowadays. China's average yield of rice is about 500 kg per mu. Ordinary farmers can produce 600 kg to 700 kg of rice per mu by growing some excellent second-generation hybrid rice varieties. However, under the same planting conditions and environment, the yield of the third-generation hybrid rice could reach 800 kg per mu. China now feeds around 20 percent of the world's population with less than 9 percent of the world's arable（可耕种的）land.At present, Yuan's team has nine third-generation hybrid rice combinations under trial, which are expected to achieve commercial seed production in the following three to four years and hope to apply the technology into the research of sea rice. The third-generation hybrid rice has the comprehensive strength to promote a greener and more sustainable development of China's rice production with higher quality and yield.1．What feature of the new hybrid rice does Qian Qian mainly talk about?A．It saves a lot more water. B．It has a shorter growing period.C．It saves much more farmland. D．It achieves a higher yield.2．Why is the new hybrid rice not tested in ideal areas?A．The ordinary farmers master planting technology.B．The researchers want to reduce the experiment cost.C．The growing conditions the new hybrid rice needs are simple.D．The previous rice farming provides researchers with experience.3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?A．The high output of the third-generation hybrid rice.B．The future of the new hybrid rice variety.C．The advanced technology of the research on hybrid rice.D．The differences between the three hybrid rice varieties.4．Where is this text most likely from?A．A news report. B．A guide book.C．An advertisement. D．A fashion magazine.（B）The snow in Antarctica is turning green and scientists say climate change may be to blame. According to a study at the Cambridge University, microscopic algae blooms (藻类爆发) across the surface of the snow is slowly turning Antarctica’s winter white landscape green. Although microscopic, scientis ts say they’re able to see the “green snow” from space when the algae blooms all together.Researchers created a large-scale map of green snow algae along the Antarctic coast using a combination of satellite data and on-the-ground observations over the course of two summers. The study found that the green snow algae bloomed in warmer areas where the average temperatures are just above 0℃during the southern hemisphere’s (半球的) summer months from November to February.“As Antarctica warms, we predict the overall mass of snow algae will increase,” said Dr Andrew Gray, lead author of the paper, and a researcher. Researchers say larger blooms of algae can be found north of the Antarctic and South Shetland Islands, where it can spread to higher ground as the snow melts.The team also discovered some sea birds and mammals influenced the distribution of algae. Over 60% of algae blooms were found within three miles of a penguin settlement. Scientists hypothesize this may be due to their droppings which act as a “highly nutritious fertilizer.”“This is a significant advance in our understanding of land-based life on Antarctica, and how it might change in the coming years as the climate warms,” said Dr. Matt Davey in the University of Cambridge’s Department of Plant Scie nces, who led the study.1.What is turning the Antarctic snow green?A. The melting of snow.B. The blooming algae.C. The beautiful landscape.D. The balanced temperature.2.Where is microscopic algae most likely to bloom in Antarctica?A. North of the Antarctic.B. West of the South Pole.C. South of the Antarctic.D. Around the southern hemisphere.3. What does the underlined word “hypothesize” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Confirm.B. Support.C. Assume.D. Warn.4. What can we learn from the text?A. Penguins feed on microscopic algae.B. Antarctic algae grow under the snow.C. Ground observation lasted for four months.D. Animal droppings contribute to the algae blooms.（C）It is generally supped that the English Romantic Movement began in 1798. However it is not a sudden outbreak but the result of long and gradual growth and development. The Ro-manticism is a literary movement which took place in Britain and throughout Europe between 1770 and 1848. Polit ically, “was inspired by the revolutions in America and France. Emo-tionally, it expressed an extreme claim of the self and the value of the individual experience to-gether with the sense of the limitless and the transcendental(超验的). In Britain, Romantic writers of the first generation included Wordsworth and Coleridge, Blake and Burns. The sec-ond generation of British Romantics—Byron, Shelley and Keats absorbed these influences, wrote quickly, travelled widely and their life stories and letters became almost as important for Romanticism as their poetry.Romanticism does not mean one thing or one characteristic. It is, in fact, a collective term to mean certain characteristics? such as mysticism, humanism, super naturalism? love of beauty, love of nature, love of equality. The chief characteristics of romantic poetry are as the following：Subjectivity：All romantic literature is subjective. It is an expression of the inner urges of the soul of the artist The poet gives free expression to his feelings, emotions, experiences, thoughts and ideas and. does not care for rules and regulations. The emphasis is laid on inspiration and intuition(直觉).Love of Nature: Enthusiasm for the beauties of the external world characterizes all romantic poetry. Romantic poetry carries us away from the uncomfortable atmosphere of cities into the fresh company of the outdoor world. All poets were lovers of nature and looked at the beautiful aspects of nature. To them, nature was a friend, a lover, a mother, sister and a teacher.Imagination and Emotion：The romantic poets laid emphasis on imagination and emotion. The Wordsworth's romantic poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud deals with subjects of creative imagination, childhood memories, beauty of nature, the role of nature as a guiding spirit.1. What can we know about the English Romantic Movement?A. It emphasized the value of policies.B. It originated at the end of 18th century.C. It was affected by the Russian revolution.D. It was caused by sudden growth and development.2. What does Romanticism show?A. It hides the inner desires of poets.B. It focuses on inspiration and reality.C. It is controlled by rules and regulations.D. It is a term involving some certain features.3. What does romantic poetry play a role in?A. Making us always be enthusiastic.B. Showing us another way to read novels.C. Keeping us enjoying the company of nature.D. Asking us to respect city atmosphere.4. How does the author explain the feature of Imagination and Emotion?A. By giving an example.B. By using a quotation.C. By asking a question.D. By making a comparison.（D）The scientists who re-engineered the plastic-eating enzyme(酶) PETase have now created a new enzyme called “cocktail” , which can digest plastic up to six ti mes faster.PETase breaks down PET back into its building blocks, creating an opportunity to recycle plastic and reduce plastic pollution. PET is the most common thermoplastic(热塑性塑料) used to make single-use drinks bottles, which takes hundreds of years to break down in the environment, but PETase can shorten this time to days. The initial discovery set up the prospect of a revolution in plastic recycling, creating a potential low-energy solution to tackle plastic waste.Now, the same trans-Atlantic team hav e combined PETase and its “partner”, a second enzyme called MHETase, to generate much bigger improvements: simply mixing PETase with MHETase doubled the speed of PET breakdown, and engineering a connection between the two enzymes to create a “super-enzyme”, increased this activity by a further three times.The team was co-led by the scientists who engineered PETase, Professor John McGeehan and Dr Gregg Beckham. Professor McGeehan said: “Gregg and I were chatting about how PETase attacks the surface of the plastics and MHETase chops things up further, so it seemed natural to see if we could use them together. Our first experiments showed that they did work better together, so we decided to physically link them. It took a great deal of work, but it was worth the effort —we were delighted to see that our new enzyme is up to three times faster than the separate enzymes.”The original PETase enzyme discovery indicated the first hope that a solution to the global plastic pollution problem might be within grasp, though PETase alone is not yet fast enough to handle the tons of PET bottles. Combining it with a second enzyme, and finding together they work even faster, means another leap forward has been taken towards finding a solution to plastic waste. PETase and the new combined MHETase-PETase both work by digesting PET plastic. This allowsfor plastics to be made and reused endlessly, reducing our reliance on fossil(化石) resources.1. What can we learn about “cocktail” from the text?A. It doubles the breakdown of plastics.B. It takes hundreds of years to break down.C. It contributes to breaking down plastic quickly.D. It deals with the plastic waste three times faster.2. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of PET.B. The breakdown of PET.C. The discovery of PETase.D. The functions of PETase.3. What d oes the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Co-leading the trans-Atlantic team.B. Combining PETase and MHETase.C. Attacking the surface of the plastics.D. Talking about conducting experiments.4. What can we infer from the text?A. PET pollution is no longer a difficult problem to deal with.B. New enzyme is speeding up our reliance on fossil resources.C. MHETase-PETase makes the world free from plastic pollution.D. Plastic-eating enzyme “cocktail” promises new hope for plastic waste.（E）In a new blog post for the International Monetary Fund, four researchers presented their findings from a working paper that examines the current relationship between finance and tech as well as its potential future.Gazing into their crystal ball, the researchers see the possibility of using the data from your browsing, search, and purchase history to create a more accurate mechanism for determining the credit rating of an individual or business. They believe that this approach could result in greater lending to borrowers who would potentially be denied by traditional financial institutions.At its heart, the paper is trying to wrestle with the dawning notion that the institutional banking system is facing a serious threat from tech companies like Google, Facebook, and Apple. The researchers identify two key areas in which this is true: Tech companies have greater access to soft-information, and messaging platforms can take the place of the physical locations that banks rely on for meeting with customers.The concept of using your web history to inform credit ratings is framed around the notion that lenders rely on hard-data that might hide the worthiness of a borrower or paint an unnecessarily bad picture during hard times. Citing soft-data points like "the type of browser and hardware used to access the internet, the history of online searches and purchases" that could be included in evaluating a borrower, the researchers believe that when a lender has a closer relationship with the potential client's history, they might be more willing to cut them some slack."Banks tend to cushion credit terms for their long-term customers during downturns," the paper's authors write. This is because they have a history and relationship with the customer.The researchers acknowledge that there will be privacy and policy concerns related to including this kind of soft-data in credit analysis. Getting the soft-data points would probably require companies like Facebook and Apple to loosen up their standards on linking unencrypted information with individual accounts. How they might share information with other institutions would be its own can of worms.1. What is the approach put forward by the researchers?A. Replacing banks with soft information.B. Lending money by predicting the future.C. Determining credit ratings by web history.D. Facing the threat posed by high-tech companies.2. Why do they advocate the new way of rating the borrower’s credit?A. Traditional finance refuse to lend money.B. The new approach helps reduce burden on banks.C. The type of hardware misleads the lender’s judgement.D. Soft information better reflects the truth than hard data.3. Which is the closest in meaning with the underlined phrase in Paragraph 4?A. Be less strict.B. Share interests.C. Forgive others’ fault.D. Cut a piece of bread.4. What do the researchers worry about?A. Banks will break up with customers.B. High tech companies will be in a mess.C. Sharing information may cause problems of privacy.D. Competition between tech companies will be more fierce.（F）At your next meeting, wait for a pause in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts.Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most. But while this pattern may be universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures.What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and sign of respect for what the last speaker has said. Research in Dutch and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 seconds —nearly twice as long as in Americans’ meetings.In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is when you don’t speak at all. It’s already a failure to understand each other by s peaking because you’re repairing that failure by using words.In the US, it may originate from the history of colonial (殖民地) America as a crossroads of many different races. When you have a complex of difference, it’s hard to establish common understanding unless you talk and there’s understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally engaged to establish a common life. This applies also to some extent to London.In contrast, when there’s more homogeneity, perhaps it’s easier for some kinds of silen ce to appear. For example, among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re l ess well acquainted with.1. Which of the following people might have the longest silence in conversation?A. The Dutch.B. Americans.C. The English.D. The Japanese.2. What might the Japanese agree with in a conversation?A. Speaking more gives the upper hand.B. Speak out what you have in your mind.C. Great minds think alike without words.D. The shorter talking silence, the better.3. What can we learn from the text?A. A four second silence in conversation is universal.B. It’s hard for Americans to reach a common agreement.C. English speakers are more talkative than Japanese speakers.D. The closer we and our family are, the easier the silence appears.4. What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean?A Similarity. B. Contradiction.C. Diversity.D. Misunderstanding.参考答案A.BCAAB.BACDC.BDCAD.CDBDE.1:根据第二段“the researchers see the possibility of using the data from your browsing,search, and purchase history to create a more accurate mechanism for determining the credit rating of an individual or business. They believe that this approach could result in greater lending to borrowers who would potentially be denied by traditional financial institutions.(研究人员看到了利用你的浏览、搜索和购买历史数据来创建一个更准确的机制来确定个人或企业的信用评级的可能性。

2018年高考英语真题分类汇编专题11：说明文类阅读理解1.（2018•卷Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number （中位数）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.（1）What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns.D. They were closely connected.（2）Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex.B. AdvancedC. Powerful.D. Modern.（3）How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6,800.B. About 3,400.C. About 2,400.D. About 1,200.（4）What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文属于社科类说明文，介绍了世界语言随着人类的发展，许多语种已消失或正面临灭绝，世界语言种类越来越少。