常用器件spec书写格式

元器件规格型号及规范书写1.管芯：应写明其型号●进口管芯具体型号2.基片：应写明其型号、种类、面积及厚度●进口基片具体型号CER-10-0.025″(δ=0.635)TMM10-0.04″-0.5E/0.5E (δ=1)TlY-5-0.005″-CH/CH (δ=0.127)RT5880-010-0.5E/0.5E (δ=0.254)RT5880-020-0.5E/0.5E (δ=0.5)RT5880-010-0.5E/0.04″Al (5880：δ=0.254；Al：δ=1)RT6010.2LM-025-5E/5E (δ=0.635)●聚四氟乙烯玻纤板：以厚度分0.25、0.5、0.8、1、1.5、2另有两种中间夹铜或铝的玻纤F4B-Cu-F4B：0.25-1-0.25（对应厚度）F4B-Al-F4B：0.25-1.35-0.25（对应厚度）●覆铜板：以厚度分1.25(介质0.25,铜1)、1.5(介质0.5,铜1)、1.65(介质0.25,铝1.45) ●复合介质：厚度为0.8●A99瓷：一般厚度为0.8，另有10*23*1、70*26*1●Al2O3：46*26*0.635(A95瓷)●BeO：一般厚度为0.7，另有18*10*0.6、50*40*1.5●AlN：厚度为0.638●AN217(AlN)3.接插件●SMA接头：SMA接头种类繁多，应写明其具体规格，即应写明阴头或阳头，两孔或四孔，孔距多少，有无凸台，插孔直径或凸台直径、高度，内导体直径、长度，镀金、镀镍或不锈钢。

例：SMA阴头，两孔距12.2，凸台Φ4*4，内导体Φ0.8*1，镀金●其余如N、L16、BNC、TNC等应写明其型号●矩形插座具体型号CD1-9(15\25\37\51)T/Z：不带自锁CD1－9－J：带自锁DE－9PS/SJSDE-9PJS/SZS:公制DE－9PJS/SLS：弯针DA-15PS/SJSDA－15PLS/SJS：弯针直孔DB-25PS/SJSCdbA－9TY4/9ZY4：等同于J30J－9TJL/ZKP(头/座)J30J－9ZKP－Q：加宽(座)J30J－9（15\21\25）TJL/ZKPJ18E－9P/9S●航空插座具体型号(具体参数及芯数，请查看手册)江苏泰兴航空电连接器厂：Y50X－1626TK2/ZJ10Y50EX-1010TK2/ZJ10Y50EX-1007TJ2/ZK14Y50EX-1626TJ2/ZK14Y17-1204TJ2/ZK10Y17-1604TJ2/ZK10华峰电子：X14K4P/J4APX22K10P/J10APX30J42AJ/K42PJX16JTA4.元器件：应写明其型号。

常用电子元件封装、尺寸、规格总结————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：常用电子元件封装、尺寸、规格汇总贴片电阻规格贴片电阻常见封装有9种，用两种尺寸代码来表示。

一种尺寸代码是由4位数字表示的EIA(美国电子工业协会)代码，前两位与后两位分别表示电阻的长与宽，以英寸为单位。

我们常说的0603封装就是指英制代码。

另一种是米制代码，也由4位数字表示，其单位为毫米。

下表列出贴片电阻封装英制和公制的关系及详细的尺寸：英制(inch) 公制(mm)长(L)(mm)宽(W)(mm)高(t)(mm)a(mm)b(mm)0201 0603 0.60±0.05 0.30±0.05 0.23±0.05 0.10±0.05 0.15±0.050402 1005 1.00±0.10 0.50±0.10 0.30±0.10 0.20±0.10 0.25±0.100603 1608 1.60±0.15 0.80±0.15 0.40±0.10 0.30±0.20 0.30±0.200805 2012 2.00±0.20 1.25±0.15 0.50±0.10 0.40±0.20 0.40±0.201206 3216 3.20±0.20 1.60±0.15 0.55±0.10 0.50±0.20 0.50±0.201210 3225 3.20±0.20 2.50±0.20 0.55±0.10 0.50±0.20 0.50±0.201812 4832 4.50±0.20 3.20±0.20 0.55±0.10 0.50±0.20 0.50±0.202010 5025 5.00±0.20 2.50±0.20 0.55±0.10 0.60±0.20 0.60±0.202512 6432 6.40±0.20 3.20±0.20 0.55±0.10 0.60±0.20 0.60±0.20贴片元件的封装一、零件规格:(a)、零件规格即零件的外形尺寸，SMT发展至今，业界为方便作业，已经形成了一个标准零件系列，各家零件供货商皆是按这一标准制造。

电子元器件型号命名规则2,电容器5，半导体二、三极管一、中国半导体器件型号命名方法半导体器件型号由五部分(场效应器件、半导体特殊器件、复合管、PIN型管、激光器件的型号命名只有第三、四、五部分)组成。

五个部分的意义分别如下：第一部分：用数字表示半导体器件有效电极数目.2—二极管、3—三极管第二部分：用汉语拼音字母表示半导体器件的材料和极性。

表示二极管时：A—N型锗材料、B—P型锗材料、C—N型硅材料、D—P型硅材料。

表示三极管时：A-PNP型锗材料、B-NPN型锗材料、C—PNP型硅材料、D—NPN型硅材料。

第三部分：用汉语拼音字母表示半导体器件的内型.P—普通管、V-微波管、W-稳压管、C-参量管、Z-整流管、L—整流堆、S-隧道管、N—阻尼管、U-光电器件、K—开关管、X—低频小功率管（f〈3MHz,Pc<1W)、G-高频小功率管（f〉3MHz,Pc〈1W）、D-低频大功率管（f〈3MHz,Pc〉1W)、A-高频大功率管(f〉3MHz，Pc>1W)、T-半导体晶闸管（可控整流器)、Y-体效应器件、B—雪崩管、J—阶跃恢复管、CS-场效应管、BT—半导体特殊器件、FH-复合管、PIN-PIN型管、JG—激光器件。

第四部分：用数字表示序号第五部分：用汉语拼音字母表示规格号例如：3DG18表示NPN型硅材料高频三极管。

二、日本半导体分立器件型号命名方法日本生产的半导体分立器件，由五至七部分组成。

通常只用到前五个部分，其各部分的符号意义如下：第一部分：用数字表示器件有效电极数目或类型。

0-光电（即光敏）二极管三极管及上述器件的组合管、1-二极管、2三极或具有两个pn结的其他器件、3-具有四个有效电极或具有三个pn结的其他器件、┄┄依此类推。

第二部分：日本电子工业协会JEIA注册标志。

S-表示已在日本电子工业协会JEIA注册登记的半导体分立器件。

第三部分：用字母表示器件使用材料极性和类型。

常用元器件的识别一、电阻电阻在电路中用“R"加数字表示，如：R1表示编号为1的电阻.电阻在电路中的主要作用为分流、限流、分压、偏置等。

1、参数识别：电阻的单位为欧姆(Ω)，倍率单位有:千欧（KΩ），兆欧（MΩ)等。

换算方法是：1兆欧=1000千欧=1000000欧电阻的参数标注方法有3种，即直标法、色标法和数标法.a、数标法主要用于贴片等小体积的电路,如：472 表示47×100Ω(即4。

7K）；104则表示100Kb、色环标注法使用最多，现举例如下:四色环电阻五色环电阻（精密电阻)2、电阻的色标位置和倍率关系如下表所示：颜色有效数字倍率允许偏差（%）银色/ x0.01 ±10金色/ x0。

1 ±5黑色0 +0 /棕色 1 x10 ±1红色 2 x100 ±2橙色 3 x1000 /黄色 4 x10000 /绿色 5 x100000 ±0.5蓝色 6 x1000000 ±0。

2紫色7 x10000000 ±0。

1灰色8 x100000000 /白色9 x1000000000 /二、电容1、电容在电路中一般用“C"加数字表示（如C13表示编号为13的电容）.电容是由两片金属膜紧靠，中间用绝缘材料隔开而组成的元件。

电容的特性主要是隔直流通交流。

电容容量的大小就是表示能贮存电能的大小，电容对交流信号的阻碍作用称为容抗，它与交流信号的频率和电容量有关。

容抗XC=1/2πf c (f表示交流信号的频率，C表示电容容量)电话机中常用电容的种类有电解电容、瓷片电容、贴片电容、独石电容、钽电容和涤纶电容等。

2、识别方法：电容的识别方法与电阻的识别方法基本相同，分直标法、色标法和数标法3 种。

电容的基本单位用法拉（F）表示，其它单位还有:毫法（mF）、微法（uF）、纳法(nF）、皮法（pF).其中：1法拉=103毫法=106微法=109纳法=1012皮法容量大的电容其容量值在电容上直接标明,如10 uF/16V容量小的电容其容量值在电容上用字母表示或数字表示字母表示法：1m=1000 uF 1P2=1.2PF 1n=1000PF数字表示法:一般用三位数字表示容量大小，前两位表示有效数字,第三位数字是倍率。

常⽤元器件封装的命名规范-0021、封装命名要能真实的反映器件的形状，⼤⼩，pin间距及实体尺⼨；例：sop8-20-120 表⽰⼩外型封装的pin数是8，pin间距是20mil,实体宽度是120mil2、常⽤阻容器件或钽电容命名采⽤公制或英制时单位要统⼀；例：c1206和C3216以及钽电容tc3216需注意公英制及封装名上的区分．3、要参照元器件⼿册的命名⽅式来区分不同类型及相似型号的封装；例：以⼩外型封装SOP为例可分为：SOP:⼩外型封装；TSOP:薄⼩外型的封装；TSSOP:指薄的缩⼩型的⼩外型；SSOP:缩⼩型的⼩外型；VSOP:指较⼩的⼩外型封装，HSOP:带散热器的⼩外型；PSOP:功率⼩外型封装；SOIC:⼩外型集成封装；SOJ:J引线的⼩外型；SON:⽆引脚伸出的⼩外型；PSON:指引脚缩回型的．因此在封装命名时需根据器件实体的类型进⾏分类，以⽅便区分．4、阻容感分⽴元件要注意⽤不同的字母代号来进⾏区分器件的型号；例：电阻，电容，电感的封装需分别对应R,C,L以⽅便区分．不能直接命名0402，0603等。

5、芯⽚类器件要根据器件的类型，形状，⼤⼩，间距，厚度来进⾏分类区分；例：qfn20-050-0505 表⽰焊盘内缩四⽅扁平封装的pin数是20，间距是0.5mm,实体⼤⼩是5x5以QFP类型为例，根据器件的类型⼜可分为：QFP:四侧引脚扁平封装；CQFP:带保护环的四侧引脚扁平封装；TQFP:薄形的QFP,⼀般本体厚度是1mm;PQFP:外壳为塑料的QFP;LQFP:本体厚度为1.4mm的QFP;BQFP:带缓冲垫的QFP;FQFP:引脚中间距⼀般为0.65mm的;MQFP:引脚间距0.65，本体厚度2.0--3.8mm的QFP;VQFP:细引脚间距的QFP;GQFP:带树脂保护环的覆盖引脚的QFP.因此在给封装命名的时候要注意芯⽚的类型区分。

6、连接器类型相似种类较多时可以根据规格书中对应的型号进⾏命名及区分；例：J30J-31-ZKW: 表⽰j30j的连接器，pin数是31pin,zk:插座，w:弯式插座，不同的连接器会⽤不同的字母进⾏定义，命名时我们可以根据类型，pin数，安装⽅式以及焊接⽅式来进⾏区分。

CHECKED CHECKED APPROVEDDRAWNCHECKEDAPPROVED SALES QUALITY客户 CUSTOMERWHITE SIDE VIEWMODEL:020.ZPNx.Bxxx-xxx3806 series are compliant to the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive or RoHS. The restricted materials including lead, mercury cadmium hexavalentchromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) are not used in PLCC 3806 series to provide an environmentally friendly product to the customers.Environmental ComplianceLED Package Dimensions and Polarity 环保合规（ ）　封装尺寸和极性（ ）unit:mmTolerance: ± 0.1,* : ± 0.05区域BINX1 Y1 X2 Y2 X3 Y3 X4 Y4A1 0.2428 0.2000 0.2350 0.2000 0.2403 0.2100 0.2481 0.2100 B1 0.2481 0.2100 0.2403 0.2100 0.2455 0.2200 0.2533 0.2200 C1 0.2533 0.2200 0.2455 0.2200 0.2508 0.2300 0.2586 0.2300D1 0.2586 0.2300 0.2508 0.2300 0.2561 0.2400 0.2639 0.2400 E1 0.2639 0.2400 0.2561 0.2400 0.2614 0.2500 0.2692 0.2500 F1 0.2692 0.2500 0.2614 0.2500 0.2666 0.2600 0.2744 0.2600G1 0.2744 0.2600 0.2666 0.2600 0.2719 0.2700 0.2797 0.2700ZPN参数 Parameter符号 Symbols实际参数Actual parameter单位 Units测试条件 Testing ConditionsIF=20mA光强度(B ) LuminousIntensityIv1700-1800 B200-210B230-2402300-2400 B220-2302200-2300 B210-2202100-2200 2000-2100 mcd1900-2000 2400-2500B240-250B190-200B180-190B170-1801800-1900 xxx-xxx T a :25℃T a :25℃Chromaticity coordinate １．色坐标（ ）Luminous Intensity２．发光强度（ ）等级 GradeL O N M PK J I 对应符号Reference( Absolute Maximum Rating V alue Temperature at 25℃)参数 (Parameters) 极限参数 （Maximum Rating ）单位（Units ）功耗(Power)64 mW 正向峰值电流（Pulse Forward Current ）100 mA 顺向直流电（Forward Current ） 20 mA 反向电压（Reverse V oltage ）6V( Optical Parameters Temperature at 25℃)参数 Parameter符号Symbols 最小值 Min 标准值 Typical 最大值 Max 单位Units 测试条件 Testing Conditions光强度（Luminous Intensity ） Iv 1800 2100 --- Mcd IF=20mA 发光角度 （Viewing Angle ） 2θ1/2 ﹍ 120 ﹍ Deg IF=20mA X ﹍ 0.2567 ﹍ ﹍ IF=20mA 色度坐标Chromaticity Coordinates Y ﹍ 0.2344 ﹍ ﹍ IF=20mA 色温（Color Temperature ） Tc ﹍ ﹍ ﹍ K IF=20mA 显色指数Color Rendering Index CRI ﹍ ﹍ ﹍ Ra IF=20mA 正向电压（Forward voltage ） VF 2.9 3.1 3.4 V IF=20mA 反向电流（Reverse Current ）IR﹍﹍10uAVR=6VRemarks 1、此发光亮度为根据人眼对发光亮度的感应曲线之模拟发光强度符合CIE（国际光委会组织）。

物料规格描述规范一、目的为避免公司各部门在使用物料时由于名称和SPEC描述的不规范导致的歧义、编码错误、混用、错用等问题，特制定本规范，以使得物料的描述能达到准确、完整、唯一识别的目的。

二、范围：1、本规定适用公司产品上所用到的所有物料。

三、一般要求1、凡是同类物料，其描述的项目、顺序均应一致。

2、原则上，物料名称不能超过6个汉字或16个英文字母。

3、定制物料应能提供图纸及制作工艺要求,检验要点。

4、如果是原厂提供的物料，应在物料SPEC中说明原厂的物料或型号代码。

5、原则上，每种物料都应有中英文名称。

（具体参照《中英文物料名称对照表》）6、型号规格项内容中间用逗号“，”分割；7、型号规格项规范中的括号内项目表示根据具体器件不同选填的项目；8、本规范所用到的一般说明见下：b)c)常见电容耐压系列(V)6.3、10、16、25、50、100、200、400、680、1000。

d)四、规范内容1、电阻类：电阻类应说明类别代码、封装、功率、阻值、精度、温漂。

a)物料名称：中文：贴片电阻、插件电阻、可调电阻（贴片或插件）、热敏电阻、温敏电阻、电位器。

英文：REG SMD、REG DIP、VR等。

b)描述方式：类别代码、封装(仅贴片类填)、功率、阻值、精度、温漂。

；c)其他电阻应在规格描述中说明生产厂家的物料代码，并能提供厂家的SPEC2、电容类：电容类应说明类别代码、厂家型号或代码、封装、耐压、容值、精度、材质。

a)可使用的物料名称为中文：电解电容(默认为插件)，陶瓷电容(默认为插件)，贴片电容、贴片钽电容、贴片铝电解电容；b)规格描述项：依次填入封装、电容值、耐压值、误差、（材质）、（型号）厂家代码等；c)封装项：贴片电容填封装类型，插件电容填外形尺寸；d)其他电容应在规格描述中说明生产厂家的物料代码，并能提供厂家的SPEC3、电感和变压器、互感器类a)物料名称项：电感、磁珠，变压器、电流互感器等；b)规格描述项：依次填入电感型号（对应供应商栏必须注明）、电感值（或磁珠的高频阻抗）、精度、直流阻抗、通过电流，引脚特性（插件）；4、二极管类a ) 物料名称项：二极管、发光二极管、红外二极管b)规格描述项：依次填入功能(TVS管、稳压管、快恢复管)、厂家型号、封装、5、三极管类a ) 物料名称项：三极管、MOS管等6、芯片类d)物料名称项：填入芯片的名称，统一为IC或集成电路；7、插座类a) 物料名称项：插座、插针、跳线座等；b) 规格描述项：型号（对应供应商栏必须注明）、PIN数、间距、颜色、角8、线材类a) 物料名称项：线缆；b)规格描述项：型号（或版本）、（接头型号）、（线型）、（线数），长度、（颜色）、图纸号（见图纸）；9、PCB板类a)物料名称项：填入PCB板名称；9、螺丝、螺母、铜柱类a)物料名称项：螺丝、螺钉、螺母、铜柱；b)规格描述项：国标号、尺寸规格(如PB2.6x8、PM3.0x6等）、表面处理（电10、垫片类a)物料名称项：垫片；b)规格描述项：尺寸规格、表面处理（电镍、电锌、等）、特殊要求（如没有11、塑胶零件类a)物料名称项：具体的物料名称，如上盖、下盖等；12、其他五金件类a)物料名称项：具体的物料名称；13、胶袋类a)物料名称项：填入胶袋名称（如胶袋、气柱袋、珍珠棉袋等）；b)规格描述项：依次填入尺寸（长x宽x厚）、材料（PE、PVC等）；14、贴纸、标签类a)物料名称项：标签、贴纸；15、说明书类a)物料名称项：填入说明书名称；16、纸箱类a)物料名称项：纸箱；b)规格描述项：图纸号、尺寸（长x宽x高）、材质（单坑、双坑等）、特殊要。

spec是什么材料Spec是什么材料？在工程和制造领域，我们经常会听到“spec”这个词，它代表着“规格”或“规范”，但在材料科学中，“spec”又代表着什么呢？在本文中，我们将探讨“spec”在材料科学中的含义，以及它在材料选择和应用中的重要性。

首先，让我们来了解一下“spec”在材料科学中的具体含义。

在材料科学中，“spec”通常指的是“specification”，即规格或规范。

这些规格包括了材料的化学成分、物理性质、机械性能、加工工艺等方面的要求。

通过规定这些规格，可以确保材料能够满足特定的工程要求，从而在设计和制造过程中发挥最佳性能。

在实际的材料选择和应用中，“spec”起着至关重要的作用。

首先，通过规定材料的规格，可以帮助工程师和设计师选择最适合特定应用的材料。

例如，对于需要高强度和耐腐蚀性能的零件，可以选择规格严格的不锈钢材料；对于需要良好导热性能的散热器，可以选择规格合适的铝合金材料。

规格的选择直接影响着最终产品的质量和性能。

其次，规格也对材料的生产和加工过程起着指导作用。

通过规定材料的化学成分和物理性质，可以确保生产过程中的质量稳定性和一致性。

同时，规格中的加工工艺要求也能够指导加工过程，确保最终产品的精度和表面质量。

除此之外，“spec”还在材料的质量控制和检验中扮演着重要角色。

通过规定材料的规格，可以建立相应的质量标准和检验方法，确保生产的材料符合要求。

在使用过程中，也可以通过规格对材料进行验证和检验，确保产品的安全性和可靠性。

总之，“spec”在材料科学中是一个非常重要的概念，它涵盖了材料的各个方面，对材料的选择、生产、加工和质量控制都具有重要意义。

在实际工程和制造中，我们需要充分理解和应用“spec”，以确保所选材料能够满足工程要求，从而获得优异的性能和可靠性。

希望本文能够帮助读者更好地理解“spec”在材料科学中的含义和重要性，同时也能够引起对材料规格和规范的重视和关注。

Basic spec commands for a diffraction experimentDonald A.WalkoBeamline7ID,Advanced Photon Source,Argonne National Laboratory,Argonne,IL60439***************January18,2016AbstractThis document lists some common commands(plus a few other hints)for casual users of the diffrac-tometer control program spec.This is meant to briefly list common ways to use some of the most usefulcommands,not to be an exhaustive list nor a complete description of a command’s syntax.Refer to thespec manual or helpfiles for additional information[1],such as the structure of datafiles,setting motorpositions or software limits,plotting and printing scans,and geometry-specific macros.The beamlinestaffmay also be able to help with these issues,and probably should be consulted before users makesignificant changes such as resetting a motor’s position or soft limits.Starting SPECFrom your local beamline contact,determine how to log in to the appropriate computer to run spec, open any xterminal that may be necessary,and start the spec program.Typically,the program name is the geometry name,such as fourc,kappa,or psic.The basic SPEC commandsspec is a command-line based program.Therefore it is important to know the correct commands; fortunately,some commands will list the type of parameters needed if you enter the wrong type(or number) of parameters.Actually,most“commands”(and many variables)are actually macros and could be redefined, which is not something one should normally do.But the writing and implementation of new macros is quite straightforward;users often write shortcut macros which are combinations of a number of commands.It is also important to note that spec is case-sensitive;most commands and variable names are lower-case,while certain special variables and macros are upper-case.“Information”commandspaI still don’t know if this stands for“parameters”or“print all,”but it is a very useful way to listparameters such as the orientation matrix,lattice parameters,operating mode,wavelength,etc.whwhere;lists positions of the diffractometer motors(in user units;see below),reciprocal lattice coordi-nates,and some relevant angles.wawhere all;lists positions of all the spec motors(in user and dial units;see below).wm motor name(s)where motor;lists where the motor is(user and dial units)and its software limits.lm[motor name(s)]limits;same as wm,except lm will list all motors if none are specified.1p some expressionprint;can be used to print a variable’s value:p F CHIor as a calculator:p5*sin(PI/4)helpcalls the spec help utility,and lists a sizable number of topics which are described to varying degrees of detail.The following commands may be more helpful for advanced users:prdef macro nameprint definition;prints the definition of a macro.lsdeflist defined;lists the names and sizes of all currently defined macros.lscmdlist command;lists built-in commands and functions.whats somethingidentifies an object,as keyword,function,macro,or variablesyms[name]list of known symbols:all or only those which match name(you may use the wildcard characters*or )Miscellaneous commandsct[time]counts and lists results for all scalers.The counting is for time sec or for the default time if value is omitted(such as1sec).But if value is negative,then counting continues until the monitor reaches value counts.Examples of use:ctct10ct-200000The monitor is typically a scaler keeping track of the incident beam.sleep(time)pauses for time eful,e.g.,if you want walk over to a motor to watch it move.Example:sleep(10);umvr th2startupinitializes a variety of parameters.Includes the following macros,which could also be called directly: newsample:title for scan headersnewfile:begins a new datafilesetscans:sets a few scan optionssetplot[value]:options for plotting.Each option has a number,so you can add them up and include value as a shortcut,once you know which options you want.startgeo:calls geometry-dependent set-up macrosdo commandfilereads commands from a textfile.It’s usually good form for thefile name to have a.mac extension qdo commandfilequiet do;same as do,but doesn’t print the commands to the screen.save[file name]saves numerous parameters to a textfile.Allows you to recover things like the orientation matrix if you want to make temporary e the do or qdo command to read thefile back into spec.2comment"whatever you want to say"writes a time-stamped comment to the datafile.u[unix command]unix shell:executes unix command(if included)or goes to the unix command line.To escape from the unix command line,type exit.Some unix commands are directly accessible without typing the u: cd:change directoryls:list directory contentsl:list directory contents(the unix ls-l command)pwd:present working directoryquitquit out of spec.“exit”does not do this.Be careful to understand the effects of the following commands before executing them.They may,for example,be safe on a simple rotary stage,but not on a more complex diffractometer:set motor name positionsets a motor’s position(in user units).set lm motor name low highsets a motor’s limits(in user units).set dial motor name positionsets a motor’s position(in dial units).configcalls the hardware configuration editor.Allows configuration of motors,scalers,and other devices.These are mostly advanced options which should not be altered casually.Simple motor motionsumv motor name positionmove motor name to absolute position(in user units).Examples:umv th20umv th CENSee below under dscan for information on the variable CEN.umvr motor name rel positionmove motor name by the relative amount rel position from its current position.ubr H K Lmove motors to the reciprocal lattice point(Bragg point)defined by the Miller indices H K Lca H K Lcalculate the motor position for the reciprocal lattice point H K L.It’s a good habit to do ca before ubr,to avoid unexpected motor motions.tw motor name deltatweak;interactive subroutine to move motor name by delta.Once in the subroutine,each time you hit Enter the motor moves by delta.You can change direction with p/n or+/-,and also change delta by entering a new value.Escape by hitting CTRL-C,or some other letter or symbol,followed by Enter.The‘u’in umv,umvr,and ubr stands for‘update;’the motor positions are regularly updated on the screen while they move.This is not required,but is preferable to mv,mvr,and br since it is not obvious from the latter commands when the motion is completed:spec may appear to have hung,since the prompt appears but won’t respond to new commands until the motors are done moving.3Basic scansA main use of spec is to scan motors and collect data.If you are ever unsure of the order of parameters for a certain scan,just type the scan name and spec will list the parameters in order.For all these scans,one enters the number of intervals,which is one more than the number of points. Thus,the step size is(ending point)-(starting point)/intervals.The unit of time is seconds per point if positive,or monitor counts per point if negative.loopscan npts[count time[sleep time]]time-lapse scan:sit at current conditions and count for npts points without moving motors timescan[count time[sleep time]]indefinite time-lapse scan,i.e.,a loopscan with npts=0Motor scansascan motor name start end intervals timeabsolute scan:motor name starts at start and ends at end(in user units).At the end of the scan, motor name stays at end.Example:ascan th57301dscan motor name rel start rel end intervals timerelative(differential)scan:motor name starts at start+current position and ends at end+cur-rent position.At the end of the scan,motor name returns to its previous position.This is the same as a lup(line up)scan.Example:dscan th-11301;umv th CENThe variable CEN(all caps)is calculated after each scan,and is the absolute position of the peak’s center(as given by the FWHM,not the highest position or the center-of-mass).As long as there is a peak in the scan,this is a good way to line up to it.Note that if you typed umvr th CEN or umv phi CEN you could get into big trouble!It may also give weird results if the FWHM couldn’t be calculated from the scan(e.g.,because of a background value higher than50%of the peak value).a2scan motor name1start1end1motor name2start2end2intervals timeabsolute scan of two motors:motor name1starts at start1and ends at end1,while motor name2 starts at start2and ends at end2.a3scan and a4scan operate similarly,d2scan,d3scan,and d4scan are multimotor relative scans.mesh motor name1start1end1intervals1motor name2start2end2intervals2timemotor mesh scan.A scan of motor name1is done for each point of motor name2,all of which is stored as one spec scan.Example:mesh th5750tth1014301In this example,the full scan contains51*31=1581points.resume[n]resumes an aborted scan.If a positive integer n is included,then n points are skipped.If a negative integer is included,then the last n points are repeated.Reciprocal space scanshscan h start h end intervals timelinear scan in reciprocal space along the H axis.The values of K and L during this scan are based on the previous position in reciprocal space,so you may need to use the ubr command tofirst move to the appropriate point.Example:ubr111;hscan.9 1.120-20000kscan k start k end intervals timesame as hscan but along the K axis.lscan l start l end intervals timesame as hscan but along the L axis.4hklscan h start h end k start k end l start l end intervals timelinear scan in reciprocal space along a general direction.For example,if you wanted to scan in some direction along H and K thru the(111)Bragg peak:hklscan.9 1.1 1.20.811201hklmesh Q1start1end1intervals1Q2start2end2intervals2timereciprocal space mesh scan.Q1and Q2are literally H,K,or L.Thus this type of mesh scan is limited to be along the principal axes of reciprocal space.The value of the third reciprocal space coordinate during this scan is based on the previous position in reciprocal space,so you may need to move there first.For example,if you wanted to scan in the H-L plane thru the(111)Bragg peak:ubr.81.9;hklmesh H.8 1.220L.9 1.1201More complicated scans in reciprocal space(e.g.,radially,or along circles)are possible.See the spec manual for details[1].The orientation matrix and other issuesAn important function of spec is as a calculator,for the transformation between diffractometer angles and reciprocal lattice coordinates.The most important aspect of this is the orientation matrix,i.e.,the angular position of the crystal lattice.The basic commands for setting up an orientation matrix are given here,but see the spec manual[1]or your beamline contact for additional information.The orientation matrix is set byfinding two nonparallel Bragg reflections.Since the orientation matrix is never perfect,the primary reflection will exactly agree with the orientation matrix(to a scale factor), but the secondary reflection will not exactly e the commands or0and or1to set the primary and secondary reflections,respectively,if the diffractometer is at the reflection,or use setor0and setor1if you know the appropriate angles but the diffractometer is at some other location.The lattice parameters are set with the setlat command,and the x-ray wavelength is given by the value of the variable LAMBDA.There are three other aspects of determining a unique set of angles for a given(HKL)Bragg point.These vary depending on the particular spec geometry,so are only briefly mentioned here:modes there are generally more diffractometer angles than there are dimensions in reciprocal space(i.e.,3);additional constraint(s)is/are set via the selection of a mode(e.g.,constraining the angle of incidence, or constraining the position of a particular motor).sectors this is how spec selects between sets of angles that are geometrically equivalent.For example,the angle pair(twotheta,omega)is equivalent to(-twotheta,180-omega),but usually one prefers positive values of twotheta.cut points this determines how to break the360◦degeneracy of the circles to avoid wraparound situations.For example,suppose the phi cut point is-180◦,phi is currently at-175◦,and you want to move to -185◦.Then the phi motor will not make a-10◦move but will in fact make a+350◦move to+175◦. User units vs.dial unitsspec maintains an important distinction between the“user units”and“dial units”of a motor.The dial units are the actual values which are read on a motor’s physical dial(when such a dial exists).spec keeps track of a motor’s position using the dial units(for example,in calculating whether a given motion would violate a software limit).Dial units are algebraically converted to user units,which are the units spec uses in calculations such as reciprocal lattice coordinates.As an example,if the detector is positioned to intercept the direct beam but the tick mark on the dial points to90,then tth=0in user units but90in dial units.If you become concerned that a motor has somehow lost its position,you can go into the hutch and read the number offthe dial(if it exists)to compare with the dial units listed in spec.CountersData are recorded by spec via counters(also called scalers).Little will be said here,since so much depends on the particular hardware.Two special scalers are set in the configfile,the timebase(units of seconds)and the monitor.A“ct n”command will count to the timebase if n is positive or to the monitor5if n is negative.Thus,monitor is typically a counter for the incident beam to normalize the signal to the incidentflux.Unfortunately,there is another convention wherein one scaler is called DET and another is called MON; these can be set by giving values to these variables(e.g.,DET=2)or by the command counters.MON is not necessarily the same as the monitor defined above,but I think these counters occupy special columns in the spec datafile.Finally,the relatively new command plotselect lets you choose which counter(s)are plotted on the screen during a scan.References[1]The Certified Scientific Software website has an online manual and help pages for spec at6。