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必修二Module 2 No Drugs Period3 Grammar设计人日期：Nov29姓名班级大家都知道，在英语中动词不定式的重要作用之一就是表示目的，即“为了…”，不定时做目的状语时，常以下面形式出现：to do , in order to do , so as to doI got up early (in order/so as)to catch the early bus.He raised his voice (so as/in order )to be heard by all the students.In order to/To get there in time, they started early.(哪个不能置于句首呢？)Let’s hurry so as/in order not to be late for school.(不定式的否定形式是：)He spoke slowly for us to follow him.(不定式做目的状语式，句子的主语就是不定式动作的发出者。
但如果不是，就要用: )All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.(不定式的被动式是：)He hurried home only to find nobody in.She was too excited to say a single word.(译为：)We found the room not big enough to hold so many people.(译为：)He is so stupid as to do that.(译为：)以上的四个句子中不定式都做_________________状语。
We jumped with joy to hear the good news.We are proud to be young people of China.不定式用于形容词后表示______________.大家也会一些分词作状语的知识，想一想doing 表示：having done 表示：having been done 表示：done 表示：1. 2.2.Lets do some ex.1._______the employees’working efficiency(效率), the supervisor(管理者) will allow them to have a coffee break.A. ImprovingB. To improveC. Having improvedD. Improved2.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _______.A. to be heardB. to have heardC. hearingD. being heard3.When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _____for a space flight.A. trainingB. being trainedC. to have trainedD. to be trained4.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____a look at the sports stars.A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have5.As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _____, and asked myself what I was going to do.A. movedB. movingC. to move C. being moved6.Don’t sit there _____nothing. Come and help me with this table.A. doB. to doC. doingD. and doing7.He hurried to the station only_____ that the train had left.A. to findB. findingC. foundD. to have found8.The secretary worked late into the night, ______a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing9.A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____all four people on board.A. killedB. killingC. killsD. to kill10.Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, _______with his old one.A. comparingB. comparesC. to compareD. compared11.When ________different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compareddies and gentlemen, please remain _____until the plane has come to acomplete stop.A. seatedB. seatingC. to seatD. seat13.I like getting up very early in summer, The morning air is so good _______.A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed结果状语从句结果状语从句表示事情的结果，常置于主句之后。
分考点1 不定式作状语Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。
To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music.麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。
【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。
Point 2 作结果状语。
常表示令人意外的结果。
Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果Enough to do 足够做...Too...to do 太...而不能.....So/such... as to...如此...以至于....I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out.我昨晚去找他。
结果发现他出去了。
（表示出乎意料的结果）Mary is too tired to do the job.玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。
He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。
Point 3 作原因状语。
常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。
Tom was very happy to see his mother.汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。
动词不定式用法动词不定式是英语中的一种常见的动词形式，它被用来表示目的、意图、能力、愿望或建议等。
动词不定式通常由“to”和动词原形组成，如“to write”、“to read”、“to learn”等。
动词不定式在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语或补语等。
一、作为主语动词不定式可以作为主语，通常用于形式主语的结构中，例如：To learn English is important for me.（学习英语对我来说很重要。
）To study hard is the key to success.（努力学习是成功的关键。
）To travel is my dream.（旅行是我的梦想。
）二、作为宾语1.作及物动词的宾语动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语，例如：I want to learn English.（我想学英语。
）She decided to go to Beijing.（她决定去北京。
）They plan to visit Paris next year.（他们计划明年去巴黎。
）2.作介词的宾语动词不定式可以作为介词的宾语，通常介词为“for”、“of”、“about”、“to”等，例如：She is good at singing and dancing.（她擅长唱歌和跳舞。
）3.作动词或动词词组的宾语动词不定式可以作为某些动词或动词词组的宾语，例如：He hopes to become a doctor in the future.（他希望将来成为一名医生。
）I expect to see you soon.（我期望很快能见到你。
）三、作为定语动词不定式可以作为定语，修饰一个名词或代词，例如：I need a book to read.（我需要一本书来读。
）This is a good place to live.（这是一个适合居住的好地方。
）He has a lot of work to do.（他有很多工作要做。
不定式状语
1. 目的状语：表示行为的目的，通常放在动词或谓语动词之前。
例如：
- He came to China to study Chinese.（他来中国学习汉语。
）
- We use computers to store information.（我们使用计算机来存储信息。
）
2. 结果状语：表示行为的结果，通常放在动词或谓语动词之后。
例如：
- She worked hard to pass the exam.（她努力学习通过了考试。
）
- He is old enough to go to school.（他已经足够大可以去上学了。
）
3. 原因状语：表示行为的原因，通常放在动词或谓语动词之前。
例如：
- I'm sorry to hear that you are ill.（听到你生病了我很难过。
）
- We were happy to see our teacher.（看到我们的老师我们很开心。
）
需要注意的是，不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语或宾语。
例如：
- He opened the door to let the dog in.（他打开门让狗进来。
）
在这个句子中，“to let the dog in”是不定式作目的状语，其逻辑主语是“he”，即句子的主语。
总之，不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果或原因等，其位置通常在动词或谓语动词之前或之后，逻辑主语通常是句子的主语或宾语。
高中英语语法讲义：不定式作定语和状语用法归纳不定式是非谓语动词常见的一种形式，它具有名词的特征，在句子中可以作主语或宾语;具有形容词的特征，在句子中可以作表语、定语或补足语;具有副词的特征，在句子中可以作状语。
一下主要讲述其作定语和状语的用法。
一、不定式作定语1. 被修饰的名词或词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。
如：There was really nothing to fear. 没有什么值得担心的。
He gave me an interesting book to read. 他给了我一本有趣的书来读。
【注意】如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。
如：Mary needs a friend to play with. 玛丽需要一个和她玩的朋友。
They have a strict teacher to listen to. 他们有一个他们得言听计从的严格的老师。
2. 被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语。
如：Have you got a key to unlock door？你有钥匙打开门吗？The action to be taken is correct. 要采取的行动是正确的。
There is nothing to be gained by pretending. 通过假装是得不到好处的。
3. 被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。
这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意义的名词，如ability，effort，attempt，hobby，wish 等。
如：Neither of them had any hobby to do business with Mary. 他们都没有兴趣和玛丽做生意。
I have no wish to quarrel with you. 我不想和你吵架。
4. 动词不定式作定语，有时用主动式表示被动的意义。
如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，还要与相应的介词连用。
结果状语从句结果状语从句的从句部分用来补充说明主句中谓语动作发生的结果，通常主句是原因，从句是结果，从句常位于主句后。
引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so…that,such… that等1.so that 既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句；而so …that只引导表示结果的状语从句。
①so that 引导目的状语从句。
so that 引导的目的状语从句，作“以便”、“为的是”解，从句中通常用may(might)或can(could)等情态动词。
例如：We learn English so that we may get more knowledge. 我们学英语为的是获得更多的知识。
They got up early so that they could catch the first bus. 他们早起，以便能赶上第一班公共汽车。
②so that 引导的结果状语从句。
so that 引导的表示结果的状语从句作“因此”、“以致”、“所以”解。
He spoke clearly, so that everybody understood him.他讲话讲得很清楚，所以大家都听懂了。
2.so…that和such…that的用法比较so 是副词，用以修饰其后的形容词或副词;such是形容词，用以修饰其后的名词或名词短语⑴so +adj./adv.+thatso +adj.+a/an+n.+thatso+many/few/much/little+n.（可数名词复数或不可数名词）+that⑵such+a/an+adj.+n.+thatsuch+adj.+n.(可数名词复数或不可数名词)+that。
3.so/such…that句型中的“so+形容词（副词）”可以提至句首，以加强语气，但要注意用倒装语序。
例如：So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day.在如此明亮的月光下，花儿就象白天一样鲜艳。
动词不定式做状语时表示目的和结果用法总结1.作目的状语:I came here to see you.To stop the train, pull the lever downwards.目的状语还可以用如下表达法：肯定：toin order to + 动词原形so as toI come to see her. = I come in order to see her. = I come so as to see her.thatso that + 主语 + may/might + 动词原形in order thatI come that I may see her. = I come in order that I may see her. = I come so that I may seeher.否定：not toin order not to + 动词原形so as not tothatso that + 主语 + may/might + not + 动词原形in order thatHe went away not to see me.= He went away in order not to see me.= He went away so as not to see me.= He went away in order that he might not see me.= He went away that he might not see me.= He went away so that he might not see me.in order to, in order that和so as to, so that的区别in order to可以用在句首或句末，但so as to只能用在句末。
如：He got up very early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.In order to catch the first bus, he got up very early.（此时不能用so as to）so as to 和in order to的汉语意思应该是一样的“为的是，为了”。
动词不定式作状语不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因等。
(to do/ not to do)1.表示目的To save the child, he laid down his life.注意：有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用in order (not) to do,和so as (not) to do结构（so as todo不可以置于句首）。
He shouted and waved in order to be noticed.In order to be noticed, he shouted and wavedI'll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it.2.表示结果He got to the stationonly to findthe train had gone.He got to the stationonly to be toldthe train had gone.We came home to find our garden neat and tidy.我们回到家里发现花园整整齐齐。
He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.他仓卒赶到那所屋子，却发觉空无一人。
He survived the crash only todie in the desert.飞机坠毁时他幸免于难，厥后却死在戈壁里。
After the meeting, they parted,never tosee each other again.He went abroad, never to be heard from.不定式透露表现成效常见于以下句型。
1）so ... as to doWould you be so kind as to lend me your bicycleI’m not so simpleas to think it will be easy.我决不至于笨得以为那是容易的事。
结果状语从句
结果状语从句的从句部分用来补充说明主句中谓语动作发生的结果，通常主句是原因，从句是结果，从句常位于主句后。
引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so…that,such… that等
1.so that 既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句；而
so …that只引导表示结果的状语从句。
①so that 引导目的状语从句。
so that 引导的目的状语从句，作“以便”、“为的是”解，从句中通常用may(might)或can(could)等情态动词。
例如：
We learn English so that we may get more knowledge. 我们学英语为的是获得更多的知识。
They got up early so that they could catch the first bus. 他们早起，以便能赶上第一班公共汽车。
②so that 引导的结果状语从句。
so that 引导的表示结果的状语从句作“因此”、“以致”、“所以”解。
He spoke clearly, so that everybody understood him.
他讲话讲得很清楚，所以大家都听懂了。
2.so…that和such…that的用法比较
so 是副词，用以修饰其后的形容词或副词;such是形容词，用以修饰其后的名词或名词短语
⑴so +adj./adv.+that
so +adj.+a/an+n.+that
so+many/few/much/little+n.（可数名词复数或不可数名词）+that
⑵such+a/an+adj.+n.+that
such+adj.+n.(可数名词复数或不可数名词)+that。
3.so/such…that句型中的“so+形容词（副词）”可以提至句首，以加强
语气，但要注意用倒装语序。
例如：So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day.
在如此明亮的月光下，花儿就象白天一样鲜艳。
4.由so that和so…that引导的结果状语从句有时可与表结果的so…as to
引出的不定式短语转换
He arrived so late that he missed the train= He arrived so late as to miss the train。
