1998-2009历年考研英语真题阅读理解

SectionⅠUse of English1.A2.B3.D4.A5.D6.D7.A8.B9.C10.DSectionⅡReading of EnglishPart AText111.C12.D13.D14.CText215.A16.B17.B18.AText319.C20.D21.A22.AText423.B24.C25.D26.CText527.B28.B29.D30.CPart B31.更为重要的是，这是科学家们能够观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

32.巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是20年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位不可缺少的。

33.天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器和球载仪器，正在越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。

34.假如这些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一种科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。

35.宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但是它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论产生的在科学上看来似乎可信的结论，许多天体的物理学家近十年来一直确信这一轮说是正确的。

SectionⅢWriting（见分析）SectionⅠUse of English1.D2.A3.B4.A5.B6.C7.D8.C9.A10.DSectionⅡReading of EnglishPart AText111.B12.C13.A14.DText215.A16.C17.D18.BText319.B20.D21.C22.AText423.B24.C25.D26.AText527.A28.B29.D30.APart B31.几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但是现代史学家的实践最趋于认为历史学试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。

32.人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。

考研英语阅读真题解析（1998）Text 1核心词汇capture［5kAptFE］v./n.捕获,俘虏;夺得,攻占（capt+ure动词后缀→抓住毛病→逮捕）cement［si5ment］n.水泥;胶泥,胶接剂v.胶合;巩固,加强civilize［5sivilaiz］v.使文明,开化（civil市民→文明+ize动词后缀→文明化）complex［5kCmpleks］a.复杂的；综合的；联合体（com共同+plex重叠→全部重叠→复杂的）conflict［5kCnflikt9 kEn5flikt］n.战争;冲突(con共同+flict打击→共同打→冲突)deprive［di5praiv］vt.剥夺,夺去,使丧失（de去掉+prive→从个人身边拿走→剥夺），priv词根“个人的”（如private→priv+ate→私人的），使某物离开个人→剥夺drought［draut］n.旱灾,干旱go ahead n.批准，允许hydroelectric［5haidrEi5lektrik］a.水电的(hydro水+electric电→发电的)imagination［i9mAdVi5neiFEn］n.想象（力）；空想，幻觉；想象出来的事物（imagin想象+ation→想象）irrigation［9iri5geiFEn］n.灌溉；冲洗;水利mercy［5mE:si］n.仁慈,怜悯,宽恕myth［miW］n.神话;神话（总称）；想像的、虚构或不可能存在的事物、人persist［pE:5sist］v.（in）坚持,持续（per始终，完全＋sist→始终站着→坚持到底）proper［5prCpE］a.适合的;合乎体统的;固有的;有礼貌的resolve［ri5zClv］v.决心;（使）分解,溶解;决议n.解决;决心（困难）（re再+solve→再松开→解决）。

同根词：dissolve（v.溶解；解散）←dis+solvespill［spil］v.溢出,溅出n.摔下,跌下symbol［5simbEl］n.（符号；象征）即sym+bol，sym 共同，bol看作ball，“共同喜欢球类运动”→这是现代人的“象征”wrong headed a. 执迷不悟的难句剖析难句1：Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.［分析］此句是一个强调句型，基本结构是“it is... that...”，强调部分的关键词是suffering，这个词就是后面that引导的从句的主语，句子的主干是“Suffering makes the ideal so fascinating”。

2009年考研英语一阅读真题及答案在2009年的考研英语一考试中，阅读理解部分的真题和答案如下：阅读理解部分共有四篇文章，每篇文章后面都附有五个问题，考生需要根据文章内容选择正确答案。

文章一讨论了现代科技对人类生活的影响。

文章指出，尽管科技带来了便利，但也引发了诸如隐私泄露、信息过载等问题。

例如，智能手机的普及使得人们随时随地都能被联系到，这在一定程度上侵犯了个人的私人空间。

此外，互联网上的信息量巨大，人们很难从中筛选出有价值的内容。

文章最后呼吁，我们需要更加理性地看待科技的发展，找到平衡点。

1. 根据文章，科技对人类生活的主要影响是什么？A. 提高了工作效率B. 侵犯了个人隐私C. 增加了娱乐方式D. 促进了全球贸易正确答案：B2. 文章提到的“信息过载”是指什么？A. 信息量太少，不足以满足需求B. 信息量适中，但质量不高C. 信息量巨大，难以筛选D. 信息量适中，但更新速度太快正确答案：C3. 文章中提到的智能手机对个人空间的影响是什么？A. 增加了个人空间B. 减少了个人空间C. 没有影响个人空间D. 完全取代了个人空间正确答案：B4. 文章最后呼吁的是什么？A. 抵制科技发展B. 理性看待科技发展C. 完全依赖科技D. 忽略科技的负面影响正确答案：B5. 文章的主旨是什么？A. 科技发展的负面影响B. 科技发展的积极影响C. 科技发展的必要性D. 科技发展的不确定性正确答案：A文章二探讨了教育的重要性。

文章强调，教育是个人成长和社会进步的关键。

通过教育，人们可以获得知识，提高技能，从而更好地适应社会的发展。

文章还提到，教育不仅关乎个人，也关乎整个社会的未来。

因此，投资教育是每个社会成员的责任。

1. 文章认为教育对个人有什么作用？A. 提高个人收入B. 促进个人成长C. 增加个人娱乐D. 提高个人地位正确答案：B2. 文章提到教育对社会有什么意义？A. 促进经济发展B. 维护社会稳定C. 决定社会未来D. 提高社会福利正确答案：C3. 文章中提到的“投资教育”是什么意思？A. 增加教育设施B. 提高教育质量C. 增加教育投入D. 改革教育制度正确答案：C4. 文章的论点是什么？A. 教育对个人和社会都很重要B. 教育只对个人重要C. 教育只对社会重要D. 教育对社会和个人都不重要正确答案：A5. 文章的结论是什么？A. 教育是个人成长的关键B. 教育是社会进步的关键C. 教育是个人和社会共同的责任D. 教育是社会发展的唯一因素正确答案：C文章三分析了城市化进程中的问题。

考研英语98年阅读答案考研英语的阅读理解部分是考试中非常重要的一部分，它不仅考察了考生的词汇量，还考察了考生的逻辑推理能力和对文章主旨的把握。

1998年的考研英语阅读题目，虽然年代久远，但依然可以作为复习的参考材料。

以下是对1998年考研英语阅读部分的答案解析。

首先，第一篇阅读材料主要讨论了全球化对经济的影响。

文章指出，随着全球化的推进，各国经济的相互依赖性增强，这不仅带来了机遇，也带来了挑战。

正确答案为C，文章强调了全球化对经济的积极作用，但同时也提到了它可能带来的问题。

第二篇阅读材料关注的是教育问题。

文章通过对比不同国家的教育体系，探讨了教育公平性的问题。

正确答案为B，文章指出教育公平是社会进步的重要标志，但实现这一目标需要社会各界的共同努力。

第三篇阅读材料讨论了环境保护的重要性。

文章通过一系列数据和案例，说明了环境问题对人类社会的严重影响。

正确答案为A，文章强调了环境保护的紧迫性，并呼吁人们采取行动。

第四篇阅读材料则聚焦于科技发展对人类生活的影响。

文章分析了科技如何改变人们的工作方式和生活习惯。

正确答案为D，文章认为科技的发展虽然带来了便利，但也可能导致某些技能的丧失。

第五篇阅读材料探讨了文化多样性的价值。

文章通过不同文化之间的交流，展示了文化多样性对于促进社会和谐的重要性。

正确答案为A，文章强调了文化多样性对于社会进步的积极作用。

第六篇阅读材料关注的是健康问题。

文章通过研究数据，讨论了健康生活方式对提高生活质量的影响。

正确答案为B，文章指出保持健康的生活方式对于预防疾病和提高生活质量至关重要。

第七篇阅读材料讨论了城市化进程中出现的问题。

文章分析了城市化带来的环境和社会问题，并提出了一些可能的解决方案。

正确答案为C，文章认为城市化是一个复杂的过程，需要综合考虑各种因素。

第八篇阅读材料则聚焦于个人发展。

文章通过个人成长的故事，探讨了个人努力对于实现梦想的重要性。

正确答案为A，文章强调了个人努力在实现个人目标中的关键作用。

A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July。

考研英语阅读真题解析（1998）Text 1核心词汇capture［5kAptFE］v./n.捕获,俘虏;夺得,攻占（capt+ure动词后缀→抓住毛病→逮捕）cement［si5ment］n.水泥;胶泥,胶接剂v.胶合;巩固,加强civilize［5sivilaiz］v.使文明,开化（civil市民→文明+ize动词后缀→文明化）complex［5kCmpleks］a.复杂的；综合的；联合体（com共同+plex重叠→全部重叠→复杂的）conflict［5kCnflikt9 kEn5flikt］n.战争;冲突(con共同+flict打击→共同打→冲突)deprive［di5praiv］vt.剥夺,夺去,使丧失（de去掉+prive→从个人身边拿走→剥夺），priv词根“个人的”（如private→priv+ate→私人的），使某物离开个人→剥夺drought［draut］n.旱灾,干旱go ahead n.批准，允许hydroelectric［5haidrEi5lektrik］a.水电的(hydro水+electric电→发电的)imagination［i9mAdVi5neiFEn］n.想象（力）；空想，幻觉；想象出来的事物（imagin想象+ation→想象）irrigation［9iri5geiFEn］n.灌溉；冲洗;水利mercy［5mE:si］n.仁慈,怜悯,宽恕myth［miW］n.神话;神话（总称）；想像的、虚构或不可能存在的事物、人persist［pE:5sist］v.（in）坚持,持续（per始终，完全＋sist→始终站着→坚持到底）proper［5prCpE］a.适合的;合乎体统的;固有的;有礼貌的resolve［ri5zClv］v.决心;（使）分解,溶解;决议n.解决;决心（困难）（re再+solve→再松开→解决）。

同根词：dissolve（v.溶解；解散）←dis+solvespill［spil］v.溢出,溅出n.摔下,跌下symbol［5simbEl］n.（符号；象征）即sym+bol，sym bol看作ball，“共同喜欢球类运动”→这是现代人的“象征”wrong headed a. 执迷不悟的难句剖析难句1：Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.［分析］此句是一个强调句型，基本结构是“it is... that...”，强调部分的关键词是suffering，这个词就是后面that引导的从句的主语，句子的主干是“Suffering makes the ideal so fascinating”。

Text 1①Habits are a funny thing.②We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. ③“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,”William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. ④In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word“habit”carries a negative implication.①So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. ②But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.①Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.②In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.①But don't bother trying to kill off old habits；once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they're there to stay. ②Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.①“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,”says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. ②“But we are taught instead to‘decide', just as our president calls himself‘the Decider.'”③She adds, however, that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. ④A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”①All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware, she says.②Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively.③At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.①The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. ②“This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything,”explains M.J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Y ear I Will...and Ms. Markova's business partner. ③“That's a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. ④Knowing what you're good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”⑤This is where developing new habits comes in.21.In Wordsworth's view,“habits”is characterized by being__________.[A] casual[B] familiar[C] mechanical[D] changeable22.Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be__________.[A] predicted[B] regulated[C] traced[D] guided23.The word“ruts”(Para. 4) is closest in meaning to__________.[A] tracks[B] series[C] characteristics[D] connections24.Dawna Markova would most probably agree that__________.[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind[B] innovativeness could be taught[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas[D] curiosity activates creative minds25.Ryan's comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing__________.[A] prevents new habits form being formed[B] no longer emphasizes commonness[C] maintains the inherent American thinking mode[D] complies with the American belief systemText 2①It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom —or at least confirm that he's the kid's dad. ②All he needs to do is shell out $30 for a paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore—and another $120 to get the results.①More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. ②More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2,500.①Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. ②DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists—and supports businesses that offer to search for a family's geographic roots.①Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. ②All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.①But some observers are skeptical. ②“There's a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,”says Troy Duster, a New Y ork University sociologist. ③He notes that each individual has many ancestors—numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. ④Y et most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through me n in a father's line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. ⑤This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.①Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to whicha sample is compared. ②Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. ③This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person's test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results. ④In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In Paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK's___________.[A] easy availability[B] flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27.PTK is used to___________.[A] locate one's birth place[B] promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28.Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to___________.[A] trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29.In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is___________.[A] disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building[C] excessive sample comparison[D] lack of patent evaluation30.An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be___________.[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA Testing[B] DNA Testing and Its Problems[C] DNA Testing Outside the Lab[D] Lies Behind DNA TestingText 3①The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. ②Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies；however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. ③We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.④The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.①Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. ②Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S. economic performance. ③Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity.④Y et the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts—a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.①More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.①What is the real relationship between education and economic development? ②We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. ③After all, that's how education got started. ④When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. ⑤Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.①As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well. ②When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. ③This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.④Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education.⑤A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future.⑥On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.31.The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries__________.[A] is subject to groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventionally downgraded[D] has been overestimated32.It is stated in Paragraph 1 that the construction of a new educational system__________.[A] challenges economists and politicians[B] takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that__________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C] the U.S. workforce has a better education[D] the U.S. workforce is more organized34.The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged__________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people no longer went hungry[D] as a result of pressure on government35.According to the last paragraph, development of education__________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4①The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. ②According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was“so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.”③According to many books and articles, New England's leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.①To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjects that we may not neglect. ②But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may conside r the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.③The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.①The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. ②Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, la wyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.③These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.①We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated.②While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. ③Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. ④A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs.⑤Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words:“Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.”⑥One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches.①Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane's, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. ②“Our main end was to catch fish.”36.The author holds that in the seventeenth-century New England__________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life[B] intellectual interests were encouraged[C] politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment37.It is suggested in Paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38.The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39.The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often__________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40.The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different intellectual backgrounds[D] left few formal records for later reference文- 汉语汉字编辑词条文，wen，从玄从爻。

Unit1 Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points） Text 1 It’s plain common sense — the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It’s plain common sense, but it’s not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently. People might think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two. The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won’t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself. Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling — happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They have also begun to find out who’s happy, who isn’t and why. To date, the research hasn’t found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings. Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.1. According to the text, it is true thatA．unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.B．happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.C．unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.D．happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.2. The author argues that one can achieve happiness byA． maintaining it at an average level.B．escaping miserable occurrences in life.C．pursuing it with one’s painstaking effort.D．realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.3. The phrase “To date” (Par.4) can be best replaced byA．As a result.B．In addition.C．At present.D．Until now.4. What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?A．One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.B．They are independent but existing concurrentlyC．One feels happy by participating in more activities.D．They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.5. The sentence “That’s that” (Par. 5) probably means: Some people are born to be sadA．and the situation cannot be altered.B．and happiness remains inaccessible.C．but they don’t think much about it.D．but they remain unconscious of it.。

1998年考研英语真题精解精析1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题按照《1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）》要求命制，体现了《大纲》的考核目标、形式和内容。

1998年试题题型与1997年相比难度保持一致，但总体难度较往年略有上升。

翻译部分的文章难度加大。

所要求翻译的五个句子难度相当高，如果不仔细阅读原文，结合原文进行翻译将很难获得哪怕是一分的分值。

这也是1998年考题的一个显著特点。

SectionⅠCloze Test【文章综述】本文在关于工业革命对英国人民生活的影响问题上提出了两种对立的观点。

第一段讲述了第一种观点，是大部分历史学家的看法，即工业革命的直接结果是给英国大多数人民带来了普遍的贫穷和苦难。

第二段讲述的是另一种人普遍持有的观点，即工业革命不但没有加重这种贫困，反而使绝大多数人的生活得到了改善。

【英汉对照】41.[A]admitted(承认)[B]believed(相信，认为)[C]claimed(宣称，声称)[D]predicted(预测)42.[A]plain(平凡的)[B]average(普通的)[C]mean(平均的，卑鄙的)[D]normal(正常的)43.[A]momentary(片刻的，瞬息的)[B]prompt(及时的，迅速的)[C]instant(效果快速的，瞬即产生的)[D]immediate(直接的，立刻的)44.[A]bulk(绝大多数)[B]host(一大群，许多)[C]gross(总额，总量)[D]magnitude(大小)45.[A]On(关于)[B]With(随着)[C]For(为了)[D]By(通过……方式)46.[A]broadly(大体上，概括地，广泛地)[B]thoroughly(彻底地)[C]generally(广泛地，通常)[D]completely(完全地，全部地)47.[A]however(然而)[B]meanwhile(同时)[C]therefore(于是)[D]moreover(进而)48.[A]at(在……点)[B]in(在……方面)[C]about(关于)[D]for(为了)49.[A]manifested(表现，证明)[B]approved(同意，批准，赞同)[C]shown(指出，显示，说明)[D]speculated(指出，显示，说明)50.[A]noted(因……而著名)[B]impressed(被……留下深刻印象)[C]labeled(被视为……)[D]marked(具有……的特征)【核心词汇】abundance[E5bQndEns]n.丰富，充裕，大量critical[5kritikE]a.批评的,评论的;危急,紧要的;临界的,吹毛求疵的，批评严厉的；判断谨慎的（crit+ical形容词后缀→批判的）historian[his5tC:riEn]n.历史学家；史学工作者（history历史+ian→历史学家）majority[mE5dVCriti]n.多数,大多数,成年,法定年龄（major主要的+ity名词后缀→多数）misery[5mizEri]n.痛苦,悲惨,不幸，悲惨的境遇，贫苦（miser+y名词后缀→可怜）industrialization[in7dQstriElai5zeiFn]n.工业化（industrial工业的+ization）poverty[5pCvEti]n.贫穷,贫困；缺少,缺乏preceding[pri(:)5si:diN]a.在前的,在先的（preced+ing形容词后缀）prosperity[prCs5periti]n.繁荣,兴旺，发达，昌盛（prosper+ity名词后缀→繁荣）specialist[5speFElIst]n.专家；专科医生（special+ist人）【超纲词汇】populace[5pCpjulEs]n.百姓,平民【常用词组】in the long run从长远来看,终究speak of谈到,讲到;显示出……【答案与详解】41.答案→A考点→上下文语义+动词词义辨析解题技巧→文章开篇指出：Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution，接着第二句又谈到，in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living。

1998年考研英语真题阅读第1篇一、词汇capture 夺得imagination 想象力giant 巨大的dam大坝mercy 仁慈fascinate 吸引人的blind 盲的threaten 威胁symbol 标志，符号assert 声称，断言cement 胶粘bid 出价，投标status 情形身份tend 照顾，倾向于deprive 剥夺，夺去fertile肥沃的silt electricity 电力myth 神话persist坚持troop 军队，一群complex 复杂的independence 独立meanwhile与此同时advisor 顾问guaranteed 保证的impact对。

产生影响resolve解决conflict 冲突irrigation 灌溉，冲洗monster 怪兽二、长难句1.Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.可能正是人类长期遭受旱涝灾害的摆布使得人们将治理江河为我所用的理想如此令人痴迷2.The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.例如阿斯旺水坝阻止了尼罗河的洪水但也使得埃及失去了洪水冲击过后的肥沃土壤，换来的却是疾病滋生的水库。