英语四级考试语法真题训练

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)【答案】47. H. lowest48. J. maximum49. D. component50. I. maintain51. A. allowing52. G. increasingly53. B. avoidable54. K. prevent55. L. principle56. C. briefly【解析】47. 答案：H. lowest【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择一个形容词来修饰risk，根据句子意思，需要选择lowest“最低的”，句子的意思是：人人都知道怎么步行，并且步行受伤的风险最低。

因此正确答案为H. lowest。

48. 答案：J. maximum【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择一个形容词来修饰maximum，根据句子的意思，需要选择maximum“最大的”，句子的意思是：为了从步行中获得最大的收益……。

因此正确答案为J. maximum。

49. 答案：D. component【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择一个名词来与important搭配，根据句意判断strength training力量训练应该是physical activity体育活动的一个组成部分，所以要用component“部分、成分”。

因此正确答案为D. component。

50. I. maintain【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择一个动词原型与build做并列成分，根据句意“力量训练的目的是为了增强和____骨骼和肌肉质量”，所以选择maintain“维持”符合文意。

因此正确答案为I. maintain。

51. 答案：A. allowing【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择现在分词引导伴随状语，根据上一句“一般而言，你会想要每周做两到三次力量训练”，而这么做会使你在训练之间有恢复期，所以选allowing“允许，使（可能）”符合文意。

2019大学英语四级考试语法真题训练-非谓语动词223. _____ with the picture, Mary tore it to pieces. (92.6/59)A. Dissatisfying thoroughlyB. Being thoroughly dissatisfiedC. To satisfy thoroughlyD. To be thoroughlydissatisfied24.She was so angry that she felt like_____ something at him. (92.6/68)A. to throwB. to have thrownC. throwingD. having thrown25.The computer works very fast_____ data at the speedof light. (93.1/43)A. handlingB. having handledC. handledD. handles26.Mr.Smith advised us to withdraw_____. (93.1/58)A. so as not to get involvedB. so as to get notinvolvedC. so that to get not involvedD. so that not to get involved27.______ in a seemingly endless war, the general was forced to evaluate the situation again. (93.1/59)A. Since the loss of 50,00 soldiersB. Because of 50,00 soldiersC. 50,000 soldiers were lostD. Having lost over 50,000 soldiers28.The minister had his secretaries_____ a press conference. (93.1/62)A. arrangingB. to arrangeC. arrangeD. arranged29.My wife said in her letter that she wouldappreciate_____ from you sometime. (93.1/66)A. hearingB. to hearC. having heardD. to have heard30.Jean didn’t have the time to go to the concert last night because she was busy_____ for herexamination. (93.6/41)A. preparingB. to be preparedC. to prepareD. being prepared31.After_____ for the job, you will be required to takea language test. (93.6/44)A. having interviewedB. being interviewedC. interviewedD. interviewing32.Having no money but_____ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner. (93.6/47)A. not wanting anyoneB. not to want anyoneC. wanted no oneD. to want no one33.Mr. Johnson preferred_____ heavier work to do.(93.6/61)A. to be givingB. to have givenC. to be givenD. having given34.I remember_____ to help us if we ever got into trouble. (93.6/62)A. once offeringB. him once offeringC. him to offerD. to offer him35.Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office room_____.(94.1/44)A. to send it toB. to send itC. to be sent toD. to have it sent36.While_____ the sun, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back toearth. (94.1/50)A. having orbitedB. being orbitedC. having beenorbited D. orbiting37.Could you find someone_______? (94.1/63)A. for me to play tennis withB. for me to play tennisC. play tennis withD. playing tennis with38.In Australia the Asians make their influence_____ in business large and small. (94.1/67)A. feelingB. feelC. feltD. to be felt39.This program will examine the writer’s books in details, _____ introduction to her life. (94.1/70)。

英语四级句子词汇真题训练及详解1.This book is expected to ______ the best-seller lists.2.To prevent flooding in winter the water flowing from the dam is constantly ______ by a computer.3.If you don’t ______ the children properly, Mr. Chiver, they’ll just run riot.4.You cannot imagine how ______ I feel with my duties sometimes.5.Mary became ______ homesick and critical of the United States, so she fled from her homw in west Bloomfield to her hometown in Austria.[A]promote [B]overflowed [C]dominate [D]monitored[E]increasingly [F]supervise [G]overwhelmed [H]conducted答案：1.选[C]。

[题意]这本书有望在畅销书排行榜中名列前茅。

2.选[D]。

[题意]为了防止冬季发生洪水，计算机随时都在监控大坝的水流量。

3.选[F]。

[题意]切沃尔先生，如果你不适当地监管孩子，他们就会捣乱。

4.选[G]。

[题意]有时候你无法想象我会感觉我的职责多么神圣。

5.选[E]。

[题意]玛丽越来越想家，对美国越来越不满，因此她离开了位于西布卢姆菲尔德的家逃往了奥地利的故乡。

1.He hoped the firm would ______ him to the Paris branch.(CET-4,1998.1)2.The beam that is ______ by a laser differs in several waysfrom the light that comes out of a flashlight.(CET-4,2003.9)3.The British government often says that furnishing children with ______ to the information superhighway is a top priority.(CET-4,2003.9)4.The rapid development of communications technology is transforming the ____ in which people communicate across time and space.(CET-4,2004.1)5.Gestures are an important means to ______ messages.[A]emitted [B]translated [C]transfer [D]access[E]convey [F]manner [G]procedure [H]remove答案：1.选[C]。

2016年6月全国大学英语四级考试真题答案(共三套)2016年6月全国大学英语四级考试真题答案（共三套）听力注：听力部分共有2套。

第一套n A1.关于全球失业率上升。

2.许多国家没有采取措施创造足够的就业机会。

3.在菜单上标注卡路里信息。

4.他们将会被罚款。

5.没有将创新融入到他们的业务中。

6.它是创造新事物。

7.它的创新文化。

n B8.他不会在电话上长时间交谈。

9.长时间交谈。

10.他认为这很酷。

11.这是幼稚和不专业的。

12.他对他的部门经理不满意。

13.他的工作量太大了。

14.他的老板非常信任他。

15.首先与他的老板当面交谈。

n C16.睡眠对健康的重要性。

17.他们睡眠越来越少。

18.他们的血压会升高。

19.你将选择哪门课程。

20.个人陈述。

21.表明他们已经反思和思考了这个主题。

注：没有明显的格式错误或需要删除的段落）22.The building was constructed during the late 1800s.23.XXX XXX.24.XXX method.25.This XXX.n A1.College students should ritize getting sufficient sleep.2.Sleeping may be more effective than last-minute test ns.3.Should the XXX off some of its assets?4.The lack of runway and terminal capacity is a significant issue.5.Cigarette companies should report the nicotine content of their products.6.XXX.7.The individuals XXX.n B8.The country of Holland.9.Learning a language in a n where it is not XXX.XXX.11.XXX.12.Driving XXX.13.Manufacturing cars with less power may be a XXX.14.XXX.15.The XXX subjective.Note: XXX.)16.XXX.17.One way to protect your credit card is by adding a layer of plastic on it.18.It is XXX.19.XXX.20.To resolve the problem。

大学英语四级考试真题（四）大学英语四级考试真题（四）Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Why does cram go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the a nswer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions—tiny globules (小球体) of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in what’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a wate ry solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “This means that in crea m, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he says.When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments (隔仓室) buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot sprea d and rapidly run out of nutrients (养料). They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “In butter, you g et a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing,” says Brocklehurst.The researchers are already working with food companieskeen to see if their pro ducts can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food’s structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in sal ad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.36. The significance of Brocklehurst’s research is that ________.A) it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservatives B) it disco vered tiny globules in both cream and butterC) it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butter D) it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition37. According to the researchers, cream sours fast than butter becausebacteria ________.A) are more evenly distributed in cream B) multiply more easily in cream than in butter C) live on less fat in cream than in butter D) produce less waste in cream than i n butter38. According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by ________.A) removing its fat B) killing the bacteria C) reducing its water content D) altering its structure39. The word “colonies” (Line 2, Para. 4) refers to ________.A) tiny globules B) watery regions C) bacteria communitiesD) little compartme nts40. Commercial application of the research finding will be possible ifsalad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack ________.A) by varying its chemical composition B) by turning it into a solid lump C) whil e keeping its structure unchanged D) while retaining its liquid form大学英语四六级考试让很多同学痛苦不已，几次三番无法通过，四六级考试难度增加了不少。

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英语四级考试真题试卷附答案第套英语四级考试真题试卷附答案第套一、写作部分写作部分是英语四级考试的第一部分，占总分的15%。

该部分要求考生根据给出的主题和提示，写出一篇不少于200字的短文。

二、听力部分听力部分是英语四级考试的第二部分，占总分的35%。

该部分包括短篇新闻、长对话和听力理解三部分，要求考生根据听到的内容完成相应的题目。

三、阅读部分阅读部分是英语四级考试的第三部分，占总分的35%。

该部分包括词汇理解、长篇阅读和仔细阅读三部分，要求考生根据文章内容完成相应的题目。

四、翻译部分翻译部分是英语四级考试的第四部分，占总分的15%。

该部分要求考生翻译一篇涉及文化、历史、经济等方面的文章。

五、答案及解析1、写作部分答案：主题：互联网对人们生活的影响提示：互联网在信息获取、交流沟通、娱乐生活等方面都给人们带来了便利，但也存在一些负面影响，比如沉迷于网络游戏等。

短文（仅供参考）：The internet has greatly affected people's lives. On the one hand, the internet provides people with easy access to information and allows them to communicate and娱乐生活themselves through social media, online games, and other digital platforms. On the other hand, the excessive use of the internet can lead to problems such as addiction and negative impact on people's social lives and personal relationships.2、听力部分答案：短篇新闻：1-5 ACBAC；长对话：6-10 BACAB；听力理解：11-15 BACAB。

大学英语四级历年真题与范文(1991-2007)1999.1 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic. Don't Be Afraid to Say“No”. Y ou should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.别人请求帮助时,在什么情况下我们会说“不”2.为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”3.该说“不”时,不说“不”的坏处[范文]Don't Be Afraid to Say “No”Sometimes we have to say “No” to others when they ask us for help. Why? One situation may be that we are not capable of doing the things they ask us to do. The other situation may be that we are unwilling to do what they ask us to do, because their requests may be unreasonable or even illegal. On both occasions we should say directly to them: “No”.But the case is not always the same in our daily life. Some people are afraid to say “No” when they should say so. On the one hand, they are afraid of losing their faces. On the other hand they don't want to hurt others, such as their family members, relatives, friends or colleagues.T o say “Y es” when you should say “No” will ev entually do you some harm. If you say “Y es” but fail to help them in the end because of lack of the ability, they may think you are not worthy of trust. If you help them do something bad or illegal, you will be punished for what you have done. So, don't be afraid to say “N o” if necessary.1999.6 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Reading selectively or extensively? Y ou should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览群书3.我的看法\[范文\]Reading Selectively Or Extensively?Reading selectively or extensively? What is your choice? Perhaps each of us has our choice. Some people think we should read selectively, for there are so many books for us to read. Thousands of new books are published every day. How can we cover all these books in our limited time? Besides, not all the books are worth reading.Some people, on the contrary, choose to read extensively. They think that reading extensively can broaden their horizons. Through reading extensively they can learn something about their ancestors; through reading extensively they can get insight of great men. Reading extensively can also enable us to adapt to the fast developing society. Because we are living in a knowledge exploding society, if we don't read extensively, we can't get enough information about the modern world, and we can't keep pace with the society.In my opinion, we should read both selectively and extensively. By reading extensively, we can enrich our knowledge of aspects. By reading selectively, we can focus on and learn well the academic knowledge we'll need in our future work.2000.1 真题Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education? Y ou should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.上大学的费用可以通过多种途径解决2.哪种途径适合我(说明理由)\[范文\]How I Finance My College Education?Every year, thousands of young men enter universities and colleges. It has been a problem for the students and their families how to finance their college education. In fact, the problem can be dealt with in many ways. The most common way is to get all the money from the parents. If their parents can't produce the tuition and the fees, students can apply a loan from the bank. There is still another way. Students can finance their education by doing some part time jobs in their spare time.As for me, my parents can pay the greater part of the tuition and fees for me. So, I won't have a heavy financial burden, and I can put all my heart into study. I would like to pay the rest by doing a part time job. Although my parents are able to pay all the tuition and fees for me, I just want to know more about the society by my own working experience. Therefore, I choose this way to finance my college education.2001.1 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? Y ou should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.面试在求职过程中的作用2.取得面试成功的因素\[范文\]How to Succeed in a Job Interview?Nowadays, students must seek jobs by themselves. Job interview is the first step leading to the success of their employment. It is clear that succeeding in a job interview is very important.There are some ways to ensure your success in a job interview. First, you should be well prepared for all the information about you, such as your diploma certification, you credit records, certification about your awards, publications, if there is any, and the last but not the least, a carefully designed resume, in both Chinese and English.Second, you must pay much attention to your appearance, including your dress and your behavior. Y ou should dress properly. While talking with the interviewer, you should listen to him attentively, accompanied with proper eye contact and a timely nod of head.Third, you must be confident about yourself. Y our smiling face is the best way to show your confidence and friendliness. Y ou should be also honest, especially when talking about yourself. 2001.6 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao W ang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week long holiday. Y ou should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions (given in Chinese) below:1.表示欢迎2.提出度假安排建议3.提醒应注意的事项A Letter to A Schoolmate; June 23, 2001; Dear Xiao W ang; Y ours, Zhang Ying\[范文\]A Letter to A SchoolmateJune 23, 2001Dear Xiao W ang,I am glad to hear that you will come to see me during the week long holiday. It has been three years since we graduated from our university. I miss you very much. I even can't wait to see you. I've made a plan for this holiday. As this is the first time you come to Beijing, I think we'd better have sightseeing around it. W e can visit some famous scenic spots and historical sites, such as Summer Palace, The Forbidden City, The Great W all, etc. W e can do some shopping together. There are many splendid markets and plazas in Beijing. The State Library is also a good place for us to go. By the way, since lots of people will go traveling in this holiday, it must be crowded on the train. So you should take care of your luggage. Bring more clothes with you because Beijing is much colder than Kunming at this time. And don't forget to tell me when you will arrive. I'll pick you up at the airport.Miss you!Y ours,Zhang Ying2002.1 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. Y ou should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below. 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。

2022四级真题答案及解析随着2022年的到来，四级考试也如期而至。

作为许多大学生们的重要考试，四级考试的难度和重要性无需多说。

而在备考期间，了解往年的真题及其解析无疑是提高备考效果的好办法。

本文将为大家提供2022年四级真题的答案及解析，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。

听力部分是四级考试中的重点和难点。

听力题型多样，需要考生具备较好的听力理解能力。

在2022年的四级听力题中，主要涉及以下几方面的内容：学术讲座、学生介绍、社会交流等。

针对这些题型，主要考察考生对听到的内容进行理解和归纳的能力。

解答这些题目的关键在于提前培养对不同题型的敏感度，并注重听力细节的捕捉。

阅读部分是四级考试中另一个重要的部分，也是难度较大的一部分。

2022年四级阅读也是针对大学生日常学习和社交生活的话题展开。

文章涉及的内容包括政治、环保、文化等多个方面。

在解答阅读题时，考生需要具备较高的阅读理解能力和逻辑分析能力。

因此，在备考期间，建议考生进行大量的阅读练习，并注重提高阅读速度和准确性。

写作部分是四级考试中最能体现学生英语应用能力的一部分。

2022年四级写作题目均针对大学生当前热点话题展开。

其中包括大学教育、就业趋势、科技发展等。

针对这些题目，考生需要对话题有较深入的思考，并能够准确表达自己的观点。

在备考期间，建议考生多阅读相关文章，并进行写作练习，培养自己的写作思维和表达能力。

翻译部分是四级考试中相对较为容易的一部分，但也需要考生对语言的理解和运用能力。

在2022年四级翻译题中，主要考察考生对句子结构、词汇以及语法的准确运用。

解答这部分题目的关键在于积累词汇和短语，并注重语法的正确应用。

在备考期间，建议考生多进行语法的复习，并通过阅读提高自己的词汇量。

综上所述，2022年的四级考试将涵盖听力、阅读、写作和翻译等四个部分。

考生在备考期间需要注重对各个部分的综合训练，并进行模拟考试。

同时，注重提高自己的听力理解能力、阅读理解能力、写作表达能力和翻译准确性。

精品大学生英语四级真题试卷及答案精品大学生英语四级真题试卷及答案一、文章概述本文是一篇关于2024年精品大学生英语四级真题试卷及答案的介绍。

文章从试卷结构、题型分析、考点解析、难易程度以及参考答案等方面进行了详细阐述，旨在帮助考生更好地了解和备考英语四级考试。

二、真题试卷结构2024年精品大学生英语四级真题试卷由四个部分组成，分别是：听力、阅读理解、翻译和写作。

整体时长为125分钟，总分100分。

与以往相比，本次试卷在题型设置和难度上有所调整，更加注重考查学生的语言实际运用能力和对英语文化背景的了解。

三、题型分析1、听力部分：听力材料以英语新闻、对话、独白等形式呈现，主要考查学生对英语语音、语调和语感的把握，以及短时间内获取信息的能力。

难度较往年有所提高，注重考查学生的实际听力能力。

2、阅读理解部分：阅读材料涵盖社会、科技、文化等多个领域，以选择题、判断题、填空题等形式进行考查。

难点主要在于对文章深层含义的理解和把握，需要考生具备较高的阅读技巧和速度。

3、翻译部分：翻译题目包括中翻英和英翻中两部分，涉及到的主题有文学作品、新闻报道等。

翻译难度较大，需要考生具备扎实的语言基础和良好的语言表达能力。

4、写作部分：写作题目涉及社会热点、个人经历等多个方面，要求考生在规定时间内写出结构清晰、表达准确的短文或应用文。

写作部分的难度适中，重点在于考查学生的语言表达能力和思辨能力。

四、考点解析1、听力部分：听力考试的难点在于把握材料的主旨和细节，建议考生平时多进行听力的训练，熟悉不同形式的听力材料。

2、阅读理解部分：阅读理解的难点在于理解文章深层含义和快速获取信息的能力，建议考生在备考过程中注重阅读技巧的训练和阅读速度的提升。

3、翻译部分：翻译的难点在于语言表达的准确性和流畅度，建议考生在备考过程中多进行翻译实践，提高自己的翻译水平和表达能力。

4、写作部分：写作的难点在于语言表达的准确性和结构清晰，建议考生在备考过程中多进行写作练习，熟悉不同类型的应用文和短文写作。

霆A)。

短文开头提到，在心理学家最近进行的一项关千智能手机破坏性影响的研究中，两组大学生被要求做字谜游戏。

因此答案为A)。

23.关千第二组的许多受试学生在电话铃响后的表现，我们了解到什么？A)铃声结束后他们才能继续（字谜游戏）。

C)他们立刻拿起手机，回拨电话。

B)他们无法继续专注地完成任务。

D)他们要求实验人员挂断电话。

也登Ni)B)。

短文中提到，在第二组学生解字谜的过程中，实验人员拨打了一位学生的手机，让它响了一会才挂断。

之后，第二组的许多学生无法集中注意力，他们变得焦虑，表现得比第一组更差。

因此答案为B)。

24.根据短文内容，使用智能手机最大的影响是什么？A)悄感间题增多。

C)睡眠减少。

B)体育运动减少。

D)学习成绩退步。

＠西枙C)。

短文提到，智能手机会带来各种负面影响，如人际交往和学业问题，但最大的影响是睡眠时长的缩短，这会导致健康状况不佳和肥胖问题。

因此答案为C)。

25.讲话者建议人们做什么？A)保护年轻一代的视力。

C)认识到科技的破坏作用。

B)采取有效措施提高生产力。

D)确保每天有充足的睡眠。

百解C)。

短文最后提到，科技是个伟大的工具，但认识到它的负面作用是很重要的，睡眠的减少、生产力的降低、肥胖等问题仅仅是冰山一角。

如果我们不注意这些小问题，对后代的影响将会更大。

由此可知，讲话者建议人们要认识到技术的破坏性影响。

因此答案为C )。

一"O词汇注释disruptive [ d 1s 1r11.ptxv] a. 引起混乱的interfere [ ,int"''如]v. 干扰decline [ d 11kla1n] n. 下降，降低academic [忠对dem1k]a. 学术的dramatic [ d r�'m 如k]a. 显著的；急剧的downside ['daunsa1d] n . 负面，缺点Part III Reading Com p rehension ＿本文选自2018年11月7日刊登在.a u 网站上一篇题为础ancial Stress (三种类型的财务压力）的文章。

2018年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(第二套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the importance ofspeaking ability and how to develop it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【解析】写作题考察了同学们的写作能力，要求在30 分钟内完成，时间有限，因此在备战英语四级的时候，平时应积累一些模版，多背一些精彩的句子，在平时的练习中，应该在20 分钟内完成一篇不少于120 词的作文，下面给出以下几点建议:一，写作中，字体要工整，改卷老师在批改四级作文的时候，由于任务量大，再加上批改时视觉疲劳，不可能对每一篇作文都看得那么仔细，有时候就凭卷面的第一印象打分，因此字体美观大方能提高作文的分数;二，注意段落结构，写作时，应带有题目，一般分三段进行，第一段总体概述，引出正文，第二段详细阐述文档内容，要分条理进行，比如，firstly，secondly，等，正文一般4-6 句话阐述完毕，第三段总结正文部分，回归主题。

三，写作要注重语法结构，不要出现明显的语法错误，否则扣分较多，影响总体成绩。

四，遇到不会写的词，要用其他相关的词语表达。

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)SectionADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will 2018 年6 月大学英语四级真题试题二( 完整版) 第2 页共60 页hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hearquestions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答。

2010年12月英语四级考试真题Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that 50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2021年12月英语四级考试参考答案01写作部分（共3套）第1套演讲比赛介绍信Directions: Suppose your university student union is planning to hold a speech contest. You are now to write a proposal for organizing the contest. The proposal may include the topic, aim, procedure and selection of contestants. You will have 30 minutes to write the proposal.In order to improve the students' spoken English and develop the public speaking skills, I hope an English speaking contest could be held by the School Students' Union，whose theme could be“a word that has changed the world” or whatever.The judge of the speech contest can be five teachers of the Foreign Language School and our favorite foreign teacher Mr. Smith. Each contestant has only three minutes to give a speech, including self-introduction and a speech on the theme of the speech contest. When the contest is completely over, one first prize, three second prizes and five third prizes will be given to the excellent speakers. Anyone of us willing to take part in the contest can go to the monitor and sign our name for it. Students of all majors should be welcome to take part in the speech contest.I sincerely hope my suggestion can be adopted.第二套：Directions: Suppose your school is organizing an orientation program（新生训练；新生练习）to help the freshmen adapt to the new environment and academic studies. You are now to write a proposal, which may include its aim, duration, participants and activities.An Orientation Program for FreshmenFreshmen are about to start a new chapter in their college life. Transition from high school to college life will be a hard time at the beginning. With the purpose of helping them to adapt to the new life and academic studies of college quickly and avoid losing themselves, our university is planning to organize an orientation program.The program, which is hold by the student union, will last two weeks. All the new students are required to attend. During this time, many activities will be hold including military training which is a tradition. Also, freshmen are going to take part in some lectures which are about the history of our university, helping them know better about the place where they are going to spend four years. Apart from those activities, we will also organize many interesting activities that can involve both entertainment and study. At the end of this program, we will hold an award party to commend those advanced individual groups. Most of all, they can make many friends during those activities.Hope all the freshmen can take part in our program actively and I am sure they can find their own way to adapt to the wonderful life of college.第三套：关于回收二手书籍的报告It is not uncommon that when senior students graduate from university, most of their used books which are still in good condition are probably thrown away. What a great waste it is! In order to avoid this kind of waste and make full use of used books, the Students’ Union of our university has organized the special project of collecting used books on campus. We are pleased that the project has received warm welcome and strong support from the students. All the members of the Students’Union give ours sincere thanks to you.For nearly two weeks since the start of the project, we have received more than 1000 books and we have classified them carefully according to the subjects. We plan to donate part of these books to our library, and part of them to students in need. We will have a small booth on our campus on Saturday, 18th December, and any students who want some used books can come and select. We are looking forward to your participation and your contribution to the recycling of books.· 02听力部分（共两套）第一套1. C) It sent two dogs to the wrong destinations.2. A) Correct their mistake as soon as possible.3. B) She has had babies before.4. C) It was smooth.5. D) It was built above the sea-water.6. B) Replace the restaurant’s wooden deck.7. C) She posted its picture on Facebook.8. D) Duck hunting remains legal in many parts of the world.9. A) Droughts.10. B) Their neat is not that popular.11. D) They poisoned wild ducks in large numbers.12.A) Have her house repainted.13.B) How much the work will cost.14.C) Stay somewhere else.15.B ) Painting a house involves more trouble than she thought.16. A) To cultivate good habits.17. B) Create an ideal study environment for them.18. C) Start with something they enjoy.19. A) Workers who meet its body weight standards.20. D) Unfair.21. C) Encourage healthy behaviors.22. A) It has not done enough to help left-handed children.23. D) They tend to have more difficulties in learning.24. D) Keep track of left-handed children’s school performance.25. B) Why their numbers are so high.第二套1. B) She was coughing all the time.2. C) Through a surgical operation.3. D) It ran away into a nearby forest.4. A) They rebuilt the fencing around their farm.5. D) The loss of gold from an airplane.6. A) It made an emergency landing.7. C) They will be questioned by the police.8. B) For future training purposes.9. C) To get her money back for the returned chair.10. D) She was issued a new card.11. C) Update her bank card details on the company's website.12. A)He is feeling exhausted.13. B) Order a delivery.14. D) It is too spicy.15. C) She is too picky about food16.A) Owner’s personalities affect their cats’ behavior and wellbeing.17. B) Provide their pets with the best care.18. D) Further investigation.19. B) Running is the best exercise for extending one’s life.20. A) Improving their brain function.21. D) They were less affected by sad movies.22. A) He is a tour guide.23. C) He observed his client’s life and habits.24. D) A house of a unique design.25. B) They are copies built to the architect’s designs.· 03阅读部分（共3套）第一套词汇理解（1）文章开头开头：Many people believe that...（2）答案【答案速查】26-30 OIDCJ 31-35 AFBMG26. O unique27. I possess28. D endure29. C confused30. J presence31. B assess32. F genius33. A acknowledge34. M surprising35. G highly长篇阅读（1）文章标题开头：There’s a stress gap between men and women36-40 HECKF 41-45 IBGJD36.Some career women who aim high tend to feel guilty if they feel to achieve their goals.36.[H]【定位】"Some professional women aim to do it all. They want to reach the top of the corporate ladder and fly like super-mom," she said. When women don’t reach this ideal, they feel guilty; and even more stressed.37.The unpaid housework done by women is triple that done by men.[E]【定位】For example, the United Nations reported that women do nearly three times as much unpaid domestic work as men.It is reported that women consistently suffer more from severe stress than men.38.[C]【定位】Women are twice as likely to suffer from severe stress and anxiety as men, according to a 2016 study published in The Journal of Brain & Behavior.Women are advised to identify the specific causes of their stress so that steps can be taken to deal with it.39. [K]【定位】It is important to understand what causes your stress in thefirst place.40. One study showed that women managers often expressed positive emotions that they didn’t really feel.[F]【定位】"They expressed optimism, calmness and sympathy even when these were not the emotions that they were actually feeling," the study said.41.Women tend to mistake signs of heart attacks for symptoms of stress.41.[I]【定位】For example, women are more likely to experience disturbed sleep, anxiety and unusual fatigue before a heart attack. Stress is so normalized that it is easy for women to shrug off those symptoms as simply the consequences of stress.For a time an app developer in America was so busy attending to work and family that she suffered from sleeplessness.42.[B]【定位】Ms. Li said her stress led to sleeplessness...After I became a first-time mother, I quickly realized i was so busy caring for other people and work that I felt like I'd lost myself, " she said.The emotional labor women do is noticed only when it is not done. 43. [G]【定位】Hundreds of women spoke up about their own experience with emotional labor: the duties that are expected of them, but go unnoticed. These invisible duties become apparent only when you don't do them.44. Dr. Joyoe suggests that apart from self-care, women should seek professional support if they experience severe stress.44.[J] 【定位】Dr dove said, "Support from trusted relationships is vital. This includes professional support front various health and wellness providers if stress is becoming increasingly overwhelming.45. Some people believe that there may not exist a stress gap between men and women.45.[D]【定位】Some people may argue that this is merely reported data, and they say many men feel the same pressures as women in terms of fulfilling responsibilities at work and home.Passage One（1）文章开头As many office workers adapt to remote work（2）答案【答案速查】46-50 CDACA（3）试题、选项及定位：46. What does the author say about working from home?C) It benefits employers at the expense of employees.47. Why do some people oppose working from home?D) It negatively impacts productivity.48. Why did the author run the estimates for Montreal?A) To provide convincing data for serious discussion.49. What can we conclude from the authors calculations?C) Employers’ gain from remote working should go to employees as compensation.50. What is the author’s opinion on wor king from home?A) It should be avoided if possible.Passage Two文章开头The human thirst for knowledge ...答案速查BADBA51. What dose the author say about curiosity?[B] It is the force that pushes human society forward.52. What is the general understanding of the curiosity?[A] It motivates people to seek information.53. What do we learn about how genes shape people’s behavior?[D] They work in conjunction with the environment.54. What do numerous studies show about infants?[B] They prefer to go after all that is novel55. What dose the example of the Inuit people of the Arctic regions illustrate?[A] The cost of human’s curiosity to explore.第二套词汇理解（1）文章开头It is commonly believed that...（2）答案【答案速查】26-30 E C L H J 31-35 B M D A I26. E) exact27. C) conclusively28. L) scarcity29. H) position30. J) probably31. B) classical32. M) senior33. D) emergence34. A) captured35. I) precision长篇阅读（1）文章开头开头：How to not be boring（2）答案【答案速查】36-40 FJBIM 41-45 CGAKE36. Pirson claims that some ordinary things may often prove to be miraculously interesting,答案：[F] The most interesting people aren’t those who’ve...37. To make a conversation interesting, it is important that you listen to the other party alternatively.答案：[J] Of course，it’s possible to be a fountain of knowledge and a boring person...38. A person who is unable to stimulate others’ curiosity or make their life enjoyable may appear somewhat boring.答案：[B] To tell the truth, interesting people are more popular among their friends...39. Interesting people usually possess certain unique qualities, according to a TV program producer.答案：[I] Television veteran Audrey Morrissey, executive producer of.... 40. Be interested in others and they are sure to be interested in you.答案：[M] I have now come to realize that being boring....41. The author considers himself usually good at conducting conversations.答案：[C] Recently, I was at a gathering ....42. Interesting people are always full of curiosity.答案：[G] This is essentially how Jessica Hagy starts her day....43. Falling into a routine can turn a person into an utter bore.答案：[A] Humans are creatures of habit...44. One strategy to be a good conversationalist is to motivate your partner to tell their own stories.答案：[K] “If the listener is not paying attention,it’s your sign to..45. Interesting as it might appear,a made-up conversation will probably turn to dull.答案：[E] “If someone is making up some conversation that might be interesting...Passage One开头：With obesity now affecting 29% of the population in England, and expected to rise to 35% by 2030, should we now recognise it as a disease?【答案】46-50 CDABD46. C) It should be regarded as a genetic disease.47. D) It results from a lack of self-control.48. A) Obese people would not feel responsible to take any action.49. B) It is too inclusive and thus lacks clarity.50. D) It may do little good to patients.Passage Two（1）文章开头开头：Nationwide, only about three percent of early children（2）答案速查51-55 CADAB51. C) It is negatively impacted by a lack of male teachers.52. A) The importance of broadening children's horizons.53. D) Many of them feel prejudiced against socially and culturally.54. A) Higher pay.55. B) Taking measures to attract prospective male teachers to work in the field.第三套词汇理解（1）文章开头开头：The sheets are damp with sweat...（2）答案【答案速查】26-30 GCHDB 31-35 OJLKM26. G fear27. C avoid28. H limited29. D aware30. B answer31. O typically32. J result33. L rigorous34. K review35. M tend长篇阅读（1）文章标题开头：Why it matters that teens are reading less（2）答案速查36-40 EBGDA 41-45 JCFBE（3）题干、答案和定位处36. Many years' surveys reveal that young people in America are going to the cinema much less often than they used to.36. E【定位】Large surveys conducted over the course of many years tells us that American youth are not going to the cinema nearly as often as they did in the past.37.Survey analysis shows American teens now spend their leisure time on digital devices rather than reading printed books.37. B【定位】Analysis of survey of over one million teens in the United State collected since 1976 reveals a major shift in how teens are spending their leisure time.38.The number of senior high schoolers not reading books for pleasure ina year increased three times over 20 years.38. G【定位】Indeed, the number of senior high school students who said they had not read any books for pleasure in the last year was one out of three by 2016. That is triple the number from two decades ago.39.Many scholars claim that spending time on electronic devices doesn't necessarily mean a decrease of time for other activities.39. D【定位】Over the years ,many scholars have insisted that time online does not necessarily take away time spent engaging with traditional media or on other activities.40.Most people spend much more time interacting with digital media than they did ten years ago.40. A【定位】Most of us spend much more time with digital media than we did a decade ago.41. The author claims that it will be a great loss if we no longer read books and longer articles.41. J【定位】If serious reading dies ,a lot will go with it .42.Over a decade or so, American teens' social media use shifted from an occasional activity to a routine one.42. C 【定位】Teens did not always spend that much time with digital media. Online time has doubled since 2006,and social media use has moved from a periodic activity to a daily one in the same period.43. A more disturbing trend in America today is that teens are spending far less time reading than around four decades ago.43.F【定位】But the trend related to movies are less disturbing compared with the change in how teens spend their time. Research has revealed an enormous decline in reading.44.Some five years ago,high school seniors in America generally spent more than six hours a day on electronic devices.44. B 【定位】Indeed, by 2016, the average American high school senior said they spent six hours a day writing text messages, on social media, and online during their free time.45. It was fond that American youngsters today don’t socialize nearly as much as the earlier generations.45. E【定位】In another analysis, research found that today’s teens go out with their friends much less often that previous generations did.Passage One开头：Have you ever wondered how acceptable it is to hug or touch someone?【答案】46-50 CDBAD46. C) Its absence might suggest a lack of warmth in interpersonal relationships.47. D) How close the communicators’ relationships are.48. B) They take touching as a cultural norm in social interactions.49. A) Men can show friendship in public through physical affection.50. D) Take other people’s preference into consideration.Passage Two文章开头：From climate change to the ongoing pandemic（大流行病）...答案：51-55 ACDCB51. A) It faces problems that are getting more varied and complicated.52. C) People are divided about the nature of interest.53. D) How a growth mindset of interest can contribute to cross-disciplinary thinking.54. C) Making innovative products needs multidisciplinary knowledge.55. B) Broadening their interests.· 04翻译部分（共3套）都江堰( Dujiangyan)坐落在成都平原西部的岷江上，距成都市约50公里，始建于公元前三世纪。

2011年6月大学英语四级真题Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people __47__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __48__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __49__ straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is __50__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __51__ if they slept for longer periods, he said.“The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __52__ well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.“It's __53__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __54__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __55__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __56__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.”答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)47 N tend 48 L negative 49 H efficiently 50 B associated51 A alert 52 J function/ 53 F definitely 54 O younger55 E continuing56 G different文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间？2010年12月英语四级考试真题Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biologyinfluences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that 50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

英语四级考试语法真题训练虚拟1. He must have had an accident, or he______ then.(90.1/51)A. would have been hereB. had to be hereC. should be hereD. would be hereIf he had not had an accident, he ___.2. It was essential that the application forms______ back before the dead line.(90.1/52)A. must be sentB. would be sentC. be sentD. were sent3. It is highly desirable that a new president_____ for this college.(90.6/59)A. appointedB. is appointedC. be appointedD. has been appointed4. If the earth suddenly_____ spinning, we would all fly off it.(90.6/61)A. stoppedB. had stoppedC. has stoppedD. would stop5. It was essential that all the necessary documents______ to the president’s office before the end of this month.(91.1/57)A. be handed inB. must be handed inC. should hand inD. had been handed in6. The traffic was very heavy, otherwise I______ here fifty minutes sooner.(91.1/59)A. would beB. should beC. would have beenD. had beenIf the traffic had not been very heavy, I ____.7. I’m sorry Andy didn’t want to go the conference. ______ willing to go we would have paid all his expenses.(91.1/67)A. BeingB. Was heC. Had he beenD. He had been8. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it_____ on the way.(91.1/69)A. goes wrongB. would go wrongC. went wrongD. should go wrong9.It was suggested at the meeting that effective measures_____ to solve the problem.(92.1/45)A. were takenB. be takenC. must be takenD. take10. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I______ to it.(92.1/59)A. have not goneB. did not goC. had not goneD. should not have gone11.It was proposed that the matter______ discussed at the next meeting.(92.6/65)A. will beB. wasC. beD. would be12.He didn’t go to the party, but he does wish he______ there.(92.6/66)A. would beB. has beenC. would have beenD. had been13.______ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.(93.1/61)A. It were notB. Had it not beenC. Weren’t itD. Had not it been14.It’s necessary______ the dictionary immediately.(93.1/68)A. that he returnB. that he returnedC. that he will returnD. that he has to return15.Look at the terrible situation I am in ! If only I_____ your advice.(93.6/70)A. followB. would followC. had followedD. have followed16.The manager of the hotel requests that their guests______ after 11:00 p.m.(94.1/65)A. not to play loud musicB. shouldn’t play loud musicC. don’t play loud musicD. couldn’t play loud music17.It is highly desirable that a new president______ to this college.(94.6/54)A. appointedB. be appointedC. was appointedD. was been appointed18.The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ______ here 50 minutes sooner.(94.6/61)A. would beB. should beC. had beenD. would have been19._____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.(95.1/47)A. Not beingB. Had it not beenC. Without beingD. Not having been20.To be frank, I’d rather you______ in the case.(95.1/61)A. will not be involvedB. not involvedC. not to be involvedD. were not involved 答案ACCAA CCDBC CDBAC BBDBD。

历年⼤学英语四级考试真题英语四级考试真题有哪些呢？真题既可以包含某年某项考试全部内容的完整试卷，也可以同类型汇总的形式出现的专项训练。

下⾯是⼩编收集推荐的历年⼤学英语四级考试真题及答案，仅供参考，欢迎阅读。

2017年⼤学英语四级考试真题及答案PartⅠWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have twooptions upon graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start abusiness of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasonsfor your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension( 25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A. It was dangerous to live in.B. It was going to be renovated.C. He could no longer pay the rent.D. He had sold it to the royal family.2. A. A strike.B. A storm.C. A forest fire.D. A terrorist attack.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A. They lost contact with the emergency department.B. They were trapped in an underground elevator.C. They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.D. They sent calls for help via a portable radio.4. A. They tried hard to repair the elevator.B. They released the details of the accident.C. They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.D. They provided the miners with food and water.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A. Raise postage rates.B. Improve its services.C. Redesign delivery routes.D. Close some of its post offices.6. A. Shortening business hours.B. Closing offices on holidays.C. Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.D. Computerizing mall sorting processes.7. A. Many post office staff will lose their jobs.B. Many people will begin to complain.C. Taxpayers will be very pleased.D. A lot of controversy will arise.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A, B, C and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A. He will be kept from promotion.B. He will go through retraining.C. He will be given a warning.D. He will lose part of his pay.9. A. He is always on time.B. He is a trustworthy guy.C. He is an experienced press operator.D. He is on good terms with his workmates.10. A. She is a trade union representative.B. She is in charge of public relations.C. She is a senior manager of the shop.D. She is better at handling such matters.11. A. He is skilled and experienced.B. He is very close to the manager.C. He is always trying to stir up trouble.D. He is always complaining about low wages.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. Open.B. Friendly.C. Selfish.D. Reserved.13. A. They stay quiet.B. They read a book.C. They talk about the weather.D. They chat with fellow passengers.14. A. She was always treated as a foreigner.B. She was eager to visit an English castle.C. She was never invited to a colleague's home.D. She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.15. A. Houses are much more quiet.B. Houses provide more privacy.C. They want to have more space.D. They want a garden of their own.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearthree or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA, B, C and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. They don't have much choice of jobs.B. They are likely to get much higher pay.C. They don't have to go through job interviews.D. They will automatically be given hiring priority.17. A. Ask their professors for help.B. Look at school bulletin boards.C. Visit the school careers service.D. Go through campus newspapers.18. A. Helping students find the books and journals they need.B. Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.C. Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.D. Providing students with information about the library.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. It tastes better.B. It is easier to grow.C. It may be sold at a higher price.D. It can better survive extreme weathers.20. A. It is healthier than green tea.B. It can grow in drier soil.C. It will replace green tea one day.D. It is immune to various diseases.21. A. It has been well received by many tea drinkers.B. It does not bring the promised health benefits.C. It has made tea farmers' life easier.D. It does not have a stable market.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A. They need decorations to show their status.B. They prefer unique objects of high quality.C. They decorate their homes themselves.D. They care more about environment.23. A. They were proud of their creations.B. They could only try to create at night.C. They made great contributions to society.D. They focused on the quality of their products.24. A. Make wise choices.B. Identify fake crafts.C. Design handicrafts themselves.D. Learn the importance of creation.25. A. To boost the local economy.B. To attract foreign investments.C. To arouse public interest in crafts.D. To preserve the traditional culture.Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match the offense.But when it comes to one of the cruelest crimes--animal fighting--things26 work out that way.Dog-fighting victims are 27 and killed for profit and "sport," yet their criminal abusers oftenreceive a28 sentence for causing a lifetime of pain. Roughly half of all federally-convicted animalfighters only get probation (缓刑).Some progress has been made in the prosecution (起诉) of animal fighters. But federal judgesoften rely heavily on the U. S. Sentencing GuideLines when they29 penalties, and in the case ofanimal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely30The U.S. Sentencing Commission, which31 these sentencing guidelines, is revisiting them,proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6 - 12 to 21 - 27 months. This is a step in the right32, but we'd like to see the U. S. Sentencing Commission make further changes to the guidelines.Along with this effort, we're working with animal advocates and state and federal lawmakers to33 anti-cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws and policies that assistoverburdened animal 34 that care for animal fighting victims. This help is 35 importantbecause the high cost of caring for animal victims is a major factor that prevents people from gettinginvolved in cruelty cases in the first place.A. convenientB. createsC. criticallyD. determineE. directionF. hesitateG. inadequateH. inspiredI. methodJ. minimalK. rarelyL. sheltersM. strengthenN. sufferingsO. torturedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.When Work Becomes a GameA) What motivates employees to do their jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for some. Thepromise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a lucky few.B) Increasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through what has come to be knownas "gamification" : essentially, turning work into a game. "Gamification is about understandingwhat it is that makes games engaging and what game designers do to create a great experience ingames, and taking those learnings and applying them to other contexts such as the workplace andeducation," explains Kevin Werbach, a gamification expert who teaches at the Wharton School ofBusiness at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.C) It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizes to thewinner, or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities. It could alsomean training employees how to do their jobs through video game platforms. Companies fromGoogle to L'Oréalto IBM to Wells Fargo are known to use some degree of gamification in theirworkplaces. And more and more companies are joining them. A recent report suggests that theglobal gamification market will grow from $1.65 billion in 2015 to $11.1 billion by 2020.D) The concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says. Companies, marketers and teachershave long looked for fun ways to engage people's reward-seeking or competitive spirits. Cracker Jackshas been "gamifying" its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, headds, and the turn-of-the-century steel magnate (巨头) Charles Schwab is said to have often comeinto his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factoryfloor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.E) But the word "gamification" and the widespread, conscious application of the concept only beganin earnest about five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part to video games, the generation nowentering the workforce is especially open to the idea of having their work gamified. "We are at apoint where in much of the developed world the vast majority of young people grew up playingvideo games, and an increasingly high percentage of adults play these video games too," Werbachsays.F) A number of companies have sprung up--GamEffective, Bunchbail and Badgeville, to name a few--in recent years offering gamification platforms for businesses. The platforms that are most effectiveturn employees' ordinary job tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative. "What makes a gamegame-like is that the player actually cares about the outcome," Werbach says. "The principle isabout understanding what is motivating to this group of players, which requires some understandingof psychology. "G) Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition.Sales people often fall into thiscategory. For them, the right kind of gamification might be turning their saies pitches into acompetition with other team members, complete with a digital leaderboard showing who is winningat all times. Others are more motivated by collaboration and social experiences. One companyWerbach has studied uses gamification to create a sense of community and boost employees' morale(⼠⽓). When employees log in to their computers, they're shown a picture of one of theircoworkers and asked to guess that person's name.H) Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cornetti runs a company that gamifies employeetrainings. Sometimes this involves technology, but often it does not. She recently designed agamification strategy for a saies training company with a storm-chasing theme. Employees formed"storm chaser teams" and competed in storm-themed educational exercises to earn variousrewards. "Rewards do not have to be stuff," Cornetti says. "Rewards can be flexible workinghours. " Another training, this one forpay roll law, used a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfstheme. "Snow White" is available for everyone to use, but the "dwarfs" are still under copyright,so Cornetti invented sound-alike characters (Grumpy Gus, Dopey Dan) to illustrate specific pay rolllaw principles.I) Some people do not take naturaily to gamified work environments, Cornetti says.In herexperience, people in positions of power or people in finance or engineering do not tend to like thesound of the word. "If we are designing for engineers, I'm not talking about a ' game' at all,"Cornetti says. "I'm talking about a ' simulation' (模拟), I'm talking about ' being able to solvethis problem. '"J) Gamification is " not a magic bullet," Werbach warns.A gamification strategy that is notsufficiently thought through or well tailored to its players may engage people for a little while, but itwill not motivate people in the long term. It can also be exploitative, especially when used withvulnerable populations. For workers, especially low-paid workers, who desperately need their jobsyet know they can be easily replaced, gamification may feel more like the Hunger Games. Werbachgives the example of several Disneyland hotels in Anaheim, Caiifornia, which used large digital leaderboards to display how efficiently laundry workers were working compared to one another.Some employees found the board motivating. To others, it was the opposite of fun. Some began tostop taking bathroom breaks, worried that if their productivity fell they would be fired. Pregnantemployees struggled to keep up. In a Los Angeles Times article, one employee referred to the boardas a "digital whip. ""It actually had a very negative effect on morale and performance," Werbachsays.K) Still, gamification only stands to become more popular, he says, "as more and more people comeinto the workforce who are familiar with the structures and expressions of digitai games. ""We arefar from reaching the peak," Cornetti agrees. "There is no reason this will go away. "36. Some famous companies are already using gamification and more are trying to do the same.37. Gamification is not a miracle cure for all workplaces as it may have negative results.38. To enhance morale, one company asks its employees to identify their fellow workers when startingtheir computers.39. The idea of gamification was practiced by some businesses more than a century ago.40. There is reason to believe that gamification will be here to stay.41. Video games contributed in some ways to the wide application of gamification.42. When turning work into a game, it is necessary to understand what makes games interesting.43. Gamification in employee training does not always need technology.44. The most successful gamification platforms transform daily work assignments into fun experiences.45. It is necessary to use terms other than "gamification" for some professions.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keepyounger faculty members from going elsewhere.It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to "solve"problems--real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actualproblems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of peoplehired--not to teach but to hold meetings--has increased significantly. Every new problem creates anew job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, thecenter is a clearing house (信息交流中⼼) for using technology in classrooms and in online courses.It's an administrative sham (欺诈) of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years.I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems--class attendance, educationalsuccess, student happiness and well-being--might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic ( 官僚的)mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of ouradministrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actuallyknew each other.The teachers must be free to teach in their own way--the curriculum should be flexible enough sothat they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. Additionally, they should beallowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at andconsumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are notexclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art and a craft, talent andpractice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is utterly confusing to me that peopledo not recognize this, despite the fact that pretty much anyone who has been a student can tell thedifference between their best and worst teachers.46. What does the author say about present-day universities?A. They are effectively tackling real or imagined problems.B. They often fail to combine teaching with research.C. They are over-burdened with admires" trative staff.D. They lack talent to fix their deepening problems.47. According to the author, what kind of people do universities lack most?A. Good classroom teachers.B. Efficient administrators.C. Talented researchers.D. Motivated students.48. What does the author imply about the classes at present?A. They facilitate students' independent learning.B. They help students form closer relationships.C. They have more older students than before.D. They are much bigger than is desirable.49. What does the author think of teaching ability?A. It requires talent and practice.B. It is closely related to research.C. It is a chief factor affecting students' learning.D. It can be acquired through persistent practice.50. What is the author's suggestion for improving university teaching?A. Creating an environment for teachers to share their teaching experiences.B. Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way.C. Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information.D. Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The secret to eating less and being happy about it may have been cracked years ago--byMcDonald's. According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab, small non-foodrewards--like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals--stimulate the same reward centers in the brain asfood does.The researchers, led by Martin Reimann, carried out a series of experiments to see if people wouldchoose a smaller meal ff it was paired with a non-food item.They found that the majority of both kids and adults opted for a haft-sized portion when combinedwith a prize. Both options were priced the same.Even more interesting is that the promise of a future reward was enough to make adults choose thesmaller portion. One of the prizes used was a lottery ticket ( 彩票), with a $10, $ 50 or $100 payout,and this was as effective as a tangible gift in persuading people to eat less."The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of arelatively small monetary award is interesting," says Reimann.He theorizes that it is the emotional component of these intangible prizes that make them effective.In fact, vaguely-stated possibilities of winning a prize were more effective than options with hard oddsincluded."One explanation for this finding is that possible awards may be more emotionally provoking thancertrainty Reimann." The of added attraction andawards,"saysuncertainty winningprovidesdesirability through emotional ' thrills. ' The possibility of receiving an award also produces a state ofhope--a state that is in itself psychologically rewarding. " In other words, there's a reason why peoplelike to gamble.How might this knowledge be used to help people eat more healthily?One possibility is a healthy option that offers the chance to win a spa (温泉疗养) weekend. Ormaybe the reward of a half-sized portion could be a half-sized dessert to be claimed only on a futuredate. That would get you back in the restaurant--and make you eat a little less.51. What do we learn about McDonald's inclusion of toys in its Happy Meals?A. It may shed light on people's desire to crack a secret.B. It has proved to be key to McDonald's business success.C. It appeals to kid's curiosity to fred out what is hidden inside.D. It may be a pleasant way for kids to reduce their food intake.52. What is the finding of the researchers led by Martin Reimann?A. Reducing food intake is not that difficult if people go to McDonald's more.B. Most kids and adults don't actually feel hungry when they eat half of their meal.C. Eating a smaller portion of food does good to the health of kids and adults alike.D. Most kids and adults would choose a smaller meal that came with a non-food item.53. What is most interesting in Martin Reimann's fmding?A. Kids preferred an award in the form of money to one in the form of a toy.B. Adults chose the smaller portion on the mere promise of a future award.C. Both kids and adults felt satisfied with only half of their meal portions.D. Neither children nor adults could resist the temptation of a free toy.54. How does Martin Reimann interpret his finding?A. The emotional component of the prizes is at work.B. People now care more about quality than quantity.C. People prefer certainty awards to possible awards.D. The desire for a future reward is overwhelming.55. What can we infer from Martin Reimann's finding?A. People should eat much less if they wish to stay healthy and happy.B. More fast food restaurants are likely to follow McDonald's example.C. We can lead people to eat less while helping the restaurant business.D. More studies are needed to find out the impact of emotion on behavior.Part IVTranslation( 30 minutes )Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国⽂化中，红⾊通常象征着好运、⻓寿和幸福。