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War战争1 The passengers had had to stop at a small station in order to continue their journey by the small old-fashioned local train.旅客们不得不在一个小站停留，准备换乘老式小火车继续他们的旅程。
2 At dawn, a bulky woman in deep mourning was hoisted in – almost like a shapeless bundle. Behind her, puffing and moaning, followed her husband – a tiny man, thin and weakly, looking shy and uneasy.天亮时，一个深陷哀恸的大块头女人被架了进来——差不多像一捆没形的包袱卷。
跟在她身后，喘着粗气呻吟着的，是她的丈夫——一个小个子男人，又瘦又弱，表情羞怯不安。
3 Having at last taken a seat he politely thanked the passengers who had helped his wife and made room for her. The wife pulled up her collar again to her eyes, so as to hide her face.终于落了座，他彬彬有礼地感谢帮助他妻子、给她腾地儿的乘客。
他妻子又扯起衣领，盖上眼睛，把脸遮住。
4 And he felt it his duty to explain to his traveling companions that the war was taking away from her her only son, a boy of 20 to whom both had devoted their entire life, even allowing him to volunteer for war and now, all of a sudden, receiving a wire saying that he was due to leave in three days' time and asking them to go and see him off.他觉得有义务向旅伴们解释：战争就要夺走她的独生子，一个二十岁的小伙子，他们两口子把一辈子的心血都花在他身上，甚至允许他自愿参战；现在突然接到电报，说他三天之后就要开拔，要他们去为他送行。
Unit 1Translation of Text如何应对恭维H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡，走在大街上会使女性发笑，但我从不留胡子，原因是我不敢冒险，因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险，它会招来别人的恭维。
例如，如果一位女士走到我跟前，说道：“你的胡子最迷人，”我会无所适从，不知怎样回答才好。
我可能会惊慌得脱口而出：“我也喜欢您的胡子。
”在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。
闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。
例如，有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。
如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时，我根本无法欣然接受。
我家住在一个小山上，俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。
来访者惊叹道：“天哪！你这儿的景色太美了！”整个山谷原本就在那里，不是我造的，也不属于我。
然而我傻乎乎地笑着说：“噢，没什么——无非是过去留下的一片土地而已。
”我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。
”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。
就某样东西说“我们喜欢”，言外之意就是，还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。
不久前，我和一批人在一起时，其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。
“我们生活的这个地球，”他说道，“是个了不起的、生机勃勃的、旋转的行星，是由一些不可思议的奇观组合而成。
”随后便是长时间的停顿。
这时，一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女，禁不住说道，“嗯，我们喜欢这个地球。
”我认为，对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。
“多漂亮的礼服啊！”你的朋友赞美道。
“噢，这么破的旧衣服！”你回答道。
这种情景，与我上述提出的观点非常相似。
别人赞美你的礼服，你无权为此感到羞愧或恼怒——除非这件礼服恰好是你自己亲手缝制的。
如果你这么说，“我是在麦茜商场的地下室和另一个妇女经过一番争抢才买下来的，”你可能会感觉更好些。
Part B经济萧条造成了多么大的影响！雇主们回到了司机的座位自己开车，想改行的人不得不重新学会游戏规则。
作为一个经理代理人，我负责高级管理人员的职业安排，对于他们在职业上遇到的最艰难的挑战，我通常了如指掌。
在我看来，求职者应该遵循以下几条新规则是有好处的。
让人需要你比让人雇佣你更容易：有一句老话说得好：“先把你的脚跨进门内。
”不过，即使想那样做，现在也不容易。
因为公司在雇用员工之前完全有条件对求职者进行长时间的仔细考察。
有一个解决办法，就是先和公司作某种交易。
我的一个客户就与其公司达成一项为公司提供咨询服务的协议，并与公司共同承担风险，如果他能成功，他就会得到一份永久的工作。
他这一招还真奏效了。
学会自我欣赏：有位客户在求职面试时颇为沮丧，因为坐在对面负责面试的主管竟然是他以前的下属。
其实，这样的事情屡见不鲜。
毕竟，在网络行业繁荣的时期，随着不少企业家型人才外流，那些留守员工往往加官进职——很大程度上就是因为他们留下来没有跳槽。
像乌龟和兔子赛跑一样，乌龟艰难地爬向终点却乐观自信。
在求职市场，要摒弃傲慢，不要目中无人；不要搞小动作。
要摆正自己的位置，至于你从前的下属，你以后可以采取回避的方式对待。
不过要重新参与竞争，你必须首先回到队伍中。
Unit 2Part B英国式友谊遵循着一种不同的模式。
其基础是共同参与的活动。
在人生的不同阶段，活动会有很大的不同：在学校中发现共同的兴趣，在军队中共同服役，在国外一同完成任务，在危机中共住一间农舍。
在活动中，不管是什么样的活动，大家会步调一致：有时是两个男人或者两个女人，有时是两对夫妇，有时是三个人，他们或散步，或玩游戏，或讲故事，或者担任一个又累又烦的委员会委员，日常事务如何做，出什么危急情况怎么办，都是不难预料、一成不变的。
有英国朋友的美国人议论说：“即使在多年以后，你也可以在上次停留的地方继续开始。
”时隔很久会面时，朋友就像一对舞伴，在休息过后乐队重新奏响时再次共舞。
G r o w i n g U p1 Fifty years ago parents still asked boys if they wanted to grow up to be president, and asked it not jokingly but seriously. Many parents who were hardly more than paupers still believed their sons could do it. Abraham Lincoln had done it. We were only sixty-five years from Lincoln. Many of grandfather who walked among us could remeber Lincoln. Men of grandfatherly age were the worst for asking if you wanted to grow up to be president. A surprising number of little boys said yes and meant it.五十年前父母大都会问男孩子们长大后想不想当总统，问这话时一本正经，并非开玩笑。
许多穷得跟乞丐似的父母也仍然相信他们的孩子能当上总统。
亚伯拉罕?林肯就做到了。
我们与林肯那个时代仅仅差65年。
依然健在的许多爷爷辈的人还能记得林肯时代。
就是他们最喜欢问你长大后想不想当总统。
回答说想当的小男孩数量多得惊人，而且他们是当真的。
2 I was asked many times myself. No, I didn’t want to grow up to be president. My mother was present during one of these interrogations. An elderly uncle, having posed the usual question and exposed my lack of interest in the presidency, asked, “Well, what do you want to be when you grow up.我就曾经被问过多次。
Unit1Howard Gardner, a professor of education at Harvard University, reflects on a visit to China and gives his thoughts on different approaches to learning in China and the West.哈佛大学教育学教授霍华德·加德纳回忆其中国之行，阐述他对中西方不同的学习方式的看法。
Learning, Chinese-StyleHoward Gardner 1 For a month in the spring of 1987, my wife Ellen and I lived in the bustling eastern Chinese city of Nanjing with our 18-month-old son Benjamin while studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing.中国式的学习风格霍华德·加德纳1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。
然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。
Unit 1成功机构，以人为本“我们公司的经营模式是公司和每一位员工共同成功，绝不落下任何人，这也是成功经营一个企业的典范?”——霍华德·舒尔茨1. 英特尔公司奉行它。
微软、摩托罗拉、戈尔、西南航空公司、班杰瑞、惠普、林肯电气以及星巴克也都奉行它。
它是什么？它就是这些公司所奉行的“以人为本”的策略。
2.越来越多的例子证明，成功的组织都是以人为本的。
为什么？因为精明的经理人们已经认识到他们企业的员工才是它们唯一真正的竞争优势。
竞争者可以在产品、工艺、选址、销售渠道等诸多方面与其不相上下，但却很难效仿的是拥有一支由专业素质高和工作动机强的人组成的劳动力队伍。
几乎在所有的行业，那些成功的公司之所以超越它们的对手们，主要的区别就在于他们所能够得到和留住想要的人。
3. 哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。
它们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。
第二，它们具有家庭氛围。
公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。
第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。
这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。
这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。
第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。
它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。
4. 那些奉行以人为本的组织拥有一支更敬业、更忠诚的工作团队。
因而这样的团队精神转化成了高生产率和工作满意度。
这些员工会愿意做出更大的努力——为了准确彻底地完成他们的工作，他们会全力以赴。
我们来看一看其中的一个因奉行“以人为本”而取得成功的公司：星巴克。
星巴克的卓越成就5. 让你在咖啡中醒来！——星巴克无处不在。
作为世界首屈一指的专业咖啡零售商，星巴克在世界上30多个国家开设和授权开设了8000多家咖啡店。
这些咖啡店销售各种各样的咖啡饮品、食物、咖啡及咖啡用品。
Unit 2 FriendshipⅡ. Language FocusV ocabularyPart A1. resourcefulness；2. proximity；3. intimidated；4. catalyst；5. overwhelming；6. anarchy；7. dwindled；8. hierarchy；9. quirks；10. rantingBank-Cloze(1) move; (2) forming; (3) sights; (4) produce; (5) value(6) appreciation; (7) expectations; (8) constitutes; (9) being; (10) distinguishedIV.译文友谊Text A友谊的艺术斯蒂芬妮·多戈夫斯蒂芬妮·多戈夫1989年大学毕业后就为杂志和报纸撰稿。
斯蒂芬妮·多戈夫是《亲职教育》的主编。
她的作品也发表在《纽约时代》和《纽约邮报》上。
在中年结交朋友1几年前的一个晚上，我发现自己陷入惶恐之中。
并不是真的出了什么事——我的家庭，我的健康都很好，我的事业也很忙碌和成功——我只是有一种模糊的沮丧感，想找个朋友鼓鼓劲。
一个人，能和我喝杯咖啡，让我尽情倾诉，直到阴霾散尽。
问题在于，没有这样的好友可以打电话，可以交心。
几年之间，我的所有的最老的，最熟的女朋友们，一个接一个的，搬离了这个城市，或是为了更好的工作，或是为了更好的气候，或是为了更好的男人。
2我给我最好的朋友挂了电话，她现在住在加利福尼亚的乡下，我收到了她的语音留言。
就在那时，我突然明白过来——寂寞就是我感到沮丧的根源。
我的社交生活已经减至几乎为零，而我一向很忙，直至此刻才察觉到这一点。
这给了我很大的打击。
我从大学，甚至从小学就拥有的老朋友们，挚友们，他们了解我的一切，当他们离开的时候，将我同他们的交情也带走了。
新标准大学英语综合教程2 unit1~~4课文翻译答案Unit 1 Active reading(1)大学已经不再特别了有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。
”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。
但是，20世纪60年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。
20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。
然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。
1966年，罗纳德·里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、唱反调的少数人征服。
”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。
在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。
许多抗议是针对越南战争的。
可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致戴高乐总统辞职。
20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。
不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。
你往往得上了大学才能阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米·亨德里克斯或兰尼·布鲁斯的志同道合者。
那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。
可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。
当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。
例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。
不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。
我就曾经被问过屡次。
我会答复说不，我长大后不想当总统。
有一个年纪大的叔叔，当着母亲的面向我提出这个问烂了的问题，发现了我对当总统不感兴趣，他就接着又问：“那你长大了想干什么呢？〞3 I loved to pick through trash piles and collect empty bottles, tin cans with pretty labels, and discarded magazines. The most desirable job on earth sprang instantly to mind. “I want to be a garbage man,〞I said.我那时喜欢到垃圾堆上去拣东西，收集空瓶子、有漂亮标签的罐子和废弃的杂志。
世界上最吸引我的工作立刻浮现在我的脑子里。
“我想当一个垃圾工。
〞我说道。
4 My uncle smiled, but my mother had seen the first distressing evidence of a bump budding on a log. “Have a little gumption, Russell,〞she said. Her calling me Russell was a signal of unhappiness. When she approved of me I was always “Buddy〞.叔叔听后笑了，而母亲却觉察到了我那呆头呆脑的苗头，不免伤心。
“有点上进心吧，拉塞尔。
〞她说道。
她叫我“拉塞尔〞说明她不快乐，因为她夸我的时候总是叫我“小家伙〞。
5 When I turned eight years old she decided that the job of starting me on the road toward making something of myself could no longer be safely delayed, “Buddy ,〞she said one day, “ I want you to come home right after school this afternoon. Somebody’s coming and I want you to meet him.〞转眼间我长到了八岁，她觉得我得找个工作，开始踏上那条让我自己成就点什么的道路，而不能再四平八稳地坐失良机了。
Growing Up1 Fifty years ago parents still asked boys if they wanted to grow up to be president, and asked it not jokingly but seriously. Many parents who were hardly more than paupers still believed their sons could do it. Abraham Lincoln had done it. We were only sixty-five years from Lincoln. Many of grandfather who walked among us could remeber Lincoln. Men of grandfatherly age were the worst for asking if you wanted to grow up to be president. A surprising number of little boys said yes and meant it.五十年前父母大都会问男孩子们长大后想不想当总统，问这话时一本正经，并非开玩笑。
许多穷得跟乞丐似的父母也仍然相信他们的孩子能当上总统。
亚伯拉罕・林肯就做到了。
我们与林肯那个时代仅仅差65年。
依然健在的许多爷爷辈的人还能记得林肯时代。
就是他们最喜欢问你长大后想不想当总统。
回答说想当的小男孩数量多得惊人，而且他们是当真的。
2 I was asked many times myself. No, I didn’t want to grow up to be president. My mother was present during one of these interrogations. An elderly uncle, having posed the usual question and exposed my lack of interest in the presidency, asked, “Well, what do you want to be when you grow up.我就曾经被问过多次。
Unit 2 FriendshipⅡ. Language FocusV ocabularyPart A1. resourcefulness；2. proximity；3. intimidated；4. catalyst；5. overwhelming；6. anarchy；7. dwindled；8. hierarchy；9. quirks；10. rantingBank-Cloze(1) move; (2) forming; (3) sights; (4) produce; (5) value(6) appreciation; (7) expectations; (8) constitutes; (9) being; (10) distinguishedIV.译文友谊Text A友谊的艺术斯蒂芬妮·多戈夫斯蒂芬妮·多戈夫1989年大学毕业后就为杂志和报纸撰稿。
斯蒂芬妮·多戈夫是《亲职教育》的主编。
她的作品也发表在《纽约时代》和《纽约邮报》上。
在中年结交朋友1几年前的一个晚上，我发现自己陷入惶恐之中。
并不是真的出了什么事——我的家庭，我的健康都很好，我的事业也很忙碌和成功——我只是有一种模糊的沮丧感，想找个朋友鼓鼓劲。
一个人，能和我喝杯咖啡，让我尽情倾诉，直到阴霾散尽。
问题在于，没有这样的好友可以打电话，可以交心。
几年之间，我的所有的最老的，最熟的女朋友们，一个接一个的，搬离了这个城市，或是为了更好的工作，或是为了更好的气候，或是为了更好的男人。
2我给我最好的朋友挂了电话，她现在住在加利福尼亚的乡下，我收到了她的语音留言。
就在那时，我突然明白过来——寂寞就是我感到沮丧的根源。
我的社交生活已经减至几乎为零，而我一向很忙，直至此刻才察觉到这一点。
这给了我很大的打击。
我从大学，甚至从小学就拥有的老朋友们，挚友们，他们了解我的一切，当他们离开的时候，将我同他们的交情也带走了。
Unit 1Transl ation of T ext如何应对恭维H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡，走在大街上会使女性发笑，但我从不留胡子，原因是我不敢冒险，因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险，它会招来别人的恭维。
例如，如果一位女士走到我跟前，说道：“你的胡子最迷人，”我会无所适从，不知怎样回答才好。
我可能会惊慌得脱口而出：“我也喜欢您的胡子。
”在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。
闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。
例如，有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。
如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时，我根本无法欣然接受。
我家住在一个小山上，俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。
来访者惊叹道：“天哪！你这儿的景色太美了！”整个山谷原本就在那里，不是我造的“噢，没什么——无非是过去留，也不属于我。
然而我傻乎乎地笑着说：下的一片土地而已。
”我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。
”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。
就某样东西说“我们喜欢”，言外之意就是，还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。
不久前，我和一批人在一起时，其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。
“我们生活的这个地球，”他说道，“是个了不起的、生机勃勃的、旋转的行星，是由一些不可思议的奇观组合而成。
”随后便是长时间的停顿。
这时，一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女，禁不住说道，“嗯，我们喜欢这个地球。
”我认为，对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。
“多漂亮的礼服啊！”你的朋友赞美道。
“噢，这么破的旧衣服！”你回答道。
Unit 1 Learning, Chinese-Style中国式的学习风格Howard Gardner 霍华德•加德纳1 For a month in the spring of 1987, my wife Ellen and I lived in the bustling eastern Chinese city of Nanjing with our 18-month-old son Benjamin while studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing.1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。
然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。
2 The key to our room was attached to a large plastic block with the room number on it. When leaving the hotel, a guest was encouraged to turn in the key, either by handing it to an attendant or by dropping it through a slot into a box. Because the key slot was narrow, the key had to be positioned carefully to fit into it.我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。
综合英语教程2翻译（Unit1-12）Unite 1Animal conservationists strongly disapprove of experimenting onanimals.Sally walked into the museum under the stern gaze of the curator.After a spell in the advertising business, Jim began to work for alarge insurance firm.It was estimated that 50,000 people flooded into London over theweekend for the opening of the Commonwealth Games.He rushed into the busy street and mingled with the crowd, hopingin that way the police would not spot him.He tiptoed quietly out of the room so as not to wake her up.He bought the painting as a status symbol, not because he wasparticularly interested in art.Jim was always disappointed that his son never followed in hisfootsteps and took over the farm.Unite 2He admitted that his failure was caused by his lack of confidence.Visitors are required to sign their names on arrival.We’ve invited them to the party, but we’ll have to put it off because the baby’s sick. We must take steps to help the families of those who were hurt.The teacher took great pains to make sure that we all understoodthe text.Today we’re going to focus on the issue of the homeless people.We wondered whether you would be so kind as to attend our end-of-the-year party. He assured his mother that everything was all right.Unite 3Most people in the Middle East believe in Islam.As the fire was destroying the building, we just stood and stared atall this.He relied more on intuition than logic in solving the case.The country is going through a very difficult period, after theearthquake.Last week the board of director s authorized the installation of anew computer system.This area has been the greatest beneficiary of a large restorationprogram.The government finances higher education with tax money.He insisted that what he said was true, even though the policerefused to believe him.Unite 41.The new system will be introduced over a six-month transitionperiod.2.The police officers claimed that their actions in the riots werepurely defensive.3.About $250,000 worth of medical supplies has been distributedamong families affected by the epidemic.4.The products used to be made locally, but now they are mostlymass-produced in the Far East.5.The president’s position on the federal deficit was endorsed bya large majority of the Senate.6.6. Sarah was looking out of the window and giving us a runningcommentary of what was happening out in the street.7.7. We are now facing the most serious challenge in our historyand are dependent on you, our allies, for support.8.8. There has been too much shown on TV and too muchreported in newspapers of all kinds of crimes—described in such detail that even children know how to duplicate what have seen or read.Unite 5Shanghai ranks as one of the most prosperous cities in the world.If you are walking in the mountains, strong boots and water proof clothing are essential.Some teachers devote too much time to helping their students’study but neglect their sports activities.Some Personal characters play a vital role in the development of one’s intelligence.Shanghai ranks as one of the most prosperous cities in the world.If you are walking in the mountains, strong boots and water proof clothing are essential.Some teachers devote too much time to helping their students’study but neglect their sports activities.Some Personal characters play a vital role in the development of one’s intelligence.Unite 6The road appears to get narrower as you look into the distance, but it’s just an illusion.The recent drought in Africa has had a devastating effect on its rural population.He gave copies of the report to all those present at the meeting, urging that they read it and digest its contents.During the meal he kept glancing at the door, obviously expecting someone to walk in.The road appears to get narrower as you look into the distance, but it’s just an illusion.The recent drought in Africa has had a devastating effect on its rural population.He gave copies of the report to all those present at the meeting, urging that they read it and digest its contents.During the meal he kept glancing at the door, obviously expecting someone to walk in.Unite 7They were all staring at me—honestly, i had never felt soembarrassed in my whole life.Before you can make the right choice, you need a lot moreinformation.The party failed to convince the majority of the voters that it wascapable of governing the country.To keep slim, she denied herself ice-creams.Recently he has taken up with two bad boys, which makes his parents really angry.Have you read these newspaper reports? They totally contradict each other.In a number of professions it is possible to continue working beyond the retirement age.When he was in the mood, he would sing his favorite song. Unite 8He is inclined to lose his temper when he is playing with his younger brother.Since the accident he’s only been able to walk with the aid of a stick.I think that’s true to a degree, but the situation is not quite so simple.My father said that if we believed that something was true, we should hold on to it.He’s very disillusioned at the government’s handling of the economy.We were all set to go on vacation when we heard the news. The sun’s rays can penetrate the sea to a depth of 20 meters. His flattering words led up to a request of money.Unite 9He scooped up the little boy and ran from the fire.The boss assigned me to check the quality of all the goods leavingthe factory.We have taken all the precautions we can against the painting beingstolen.The company is selling off some of its buildings in an effort toaccumulate capital.When you are learning to drive, having a good teacher makes a bigdifference.Rumor has it that he was killed in a raid in the local area.Adam’s refusal to work overtime enraged his boss.I was pleasantly surprised to see an old friend who appeared at theparty out of the blue.Unite 10Most sportsmen are at their best during their early manhood.I am not legally his mother, but i feel i have a moral responsibilityto help him.The film was so compelling that i could scarcely take my eyes offthe screen.They were destined by fate never to see each other again.Most sportsmen are at their best during their early manhood.I am not legally his mother, but i feel i have a moral responsibilityto help him.The film was so compelling that i could scarcely take my eyes off the screen.They were destined by fate never to see each other again.Unite 11He was hospitalized with acute appendicitis, with the result that he missed the final examination.As many more people came to the lecture than expected, there were not enough handouts to go round. No matter what a long day he may have, he makes a point ofchecking his e-mail box before going to bed.Unemployment is found in all countries in the world, but the governments vary in their way to handle the problem. Anyone who has come to a foreign country for the first time is apt to find everything around him both strange and interesting. The football fans were very disappointed at the performance of the players of both teams.Never take what he says at face value. Think it over yourself.The doctor’s words removed his fears about the operation.Unite 12On average, 18% of our daily calories come from sugar.Ford Automobile Plant was shut down for two months as a result of the strike.He’s decided to give up his business and dedicate himself to charity.The cultural life in the country cannot compare with that of a large city.The country’s independence celebrations carried on as if nothing had happened.The report allows the readers to make a direct comparison between the two types of car.The existing (present) stocks of coal should meet our needs forthe coming year.He remained there for hours deep in thought, contemplating the mysteries of the universe.。
UNIT11. Recently, one of us had the opportunity to speak with a medical student about a research rotation that the student was planning to do. She would be working with Dr. Z, who had given her the project of writing a paper for which he had designed the protocol, collected the data, and compiled the results. The student was to do a literature search and write the first draft of the manuscript. For this she would become first author on the final publication. When concerns were raised about the proposed project, Dr. Z was shocked. "l thought I was doing her a favor," he said innocently, "and besides, I hate writing!"2. Dr. Z is perhaps a bit naive. Certainly, most researchers would know that the student's work would not merit first authorship. They would know that "gift" authorship is not an acceptable research practice. However, an earlier experience in our work makes us wonder. Several years ago, in conjunction with the grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Pott Secondary Education (FIPSE), a team of philosophers and scientists at Dartmouth College 2 ran a University Seminar series for faculty on the topic "Ethical Issues in scientific Research."At one seminar, a senior researcher (let's call him Professor R) argued a similar position to that of Dr. Z. In this case Professor R knew that "gift" authorship, authorship without a significant research contribution, was an unacceptable research practice. However, he had a reason to give authorship to his student.The student had worked for several years on a project suggested by him and the project had yielded to publishable data. Believing that he had a duty to the student to ensure a publication, Professor R had given the student some data that he himself had collected and told the student to write it up. The student had worked hard, he said, albeit on another project, and the student would do the writing. Thus, he reasoned, the authorship was not a "gift."3. These two stories point up a major reason for encouraging courses in research ethics: Good intentions do not necessarily result in ethical decisions. Both of the faculty members in the above scenarios "meant well." In both cases, the faculty members truly believed that what they were doing was morally acceptable. In the first case, Dr. Z's indefensible error was that he was unaware of the conventions of the field.In particular, he seemed blissfully oblivious to the meaning of first authorship. In the second case, Professor R was do ng what he thought best for the student without taking into consideration that moral. ty is a public system and that his actions with regard to a single student have public consequences for the practice of science as a profession.4. Well-meaning scientists, such as those just mentioned, can, with the best of intentions, make unethical decisions. In some cases, such decisions may lead individuals to become embroiled in cases of 1. 最近，我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。
One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon).But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?Walton set up a college scholarship fund for employees' children, a disaster relief fund to rebuild employee homes damaged by fires, floods, tornadoes, and the like. He believed in cultivating ideas and rewarding success."He'd say, 'That fellow worked hard, let's give him a little extra,'" recalls retired president Ferold F. Arend, who was stunned at such generosity after the stingy employer he left to join Wal-Mart. "I had to change my way of thinking when I came aboard.""The reason for our success," says Walton, in a company handout, "is our people and the way they're treated and the way they feel about their company. They believe things are different here, but they deserve the credit."Adds company lawyer Jim Hendren: "I've never seen anyone yet who worked for him or was around him for any length of time who wasn't better off. And I don't mean just financially, although a lot of people are. It's just something about him -- coming into contact with Sam Walton just makes you a better person."Making the journey from log cabin to White House is part of the American Dream. But when Jimmy Carter was defeated in his attempt to gain a second term as President of the United States he found himself suddenly thrown out of the White House and back in his log cabin. This is how he coped.SEAN: If that sort of thing happened only once in a while, it wouldn't be so bad. Overall, I wouldn't want to trade my dad for anyone else's. He loves us kids and Mom too. But I think that's sometimes the problem. He wants to do things for us, things he thinks are good. But he needs to give them more thought because:SEAN, HEIDI and DIANE: (In unison) Father knows better!(The lights quickly fade to black and then come up a second or two later. DIANE stands alone at the Down Right edge of the stage. HEIDI and SEAN enter Down Left and cross to the edge of the stage. )DIANE: Can you imagine how humiliated I was? An honor student, class president. And Father was out asking people to have their sons call and ask me to the prom! But that's dear old dad. Actually, he is a dear. He just doesn't stop to think. And it's not just one of us who've felt the heavy hand of interference. Oh, no, all three of us live in constant dread knowing that at any time disaster can strike because: Father knows better.I'd never realized how important daily routine is: dressing for work, sleeping normal hours. I'd never thought I relied so much on co-workers for company. I began to understand why long-term unemployment can be so damaging, why life without an externally supported daily plan can lead to higher rates of drug abuse, crime, suicide.To restore balance to my life, I force myself back into the real world. I call people, arrange to meet with the few remaining friends who haven't fled New York City. I try to at least get to the gym, so as to set apart the weekend from the rest of my week. I arrange interviews for stories, doctor's appointments -- anything to get me out of the house and connected with others.But sometimes being face to face is too much. I see a friend and her ringing laughter is intolerable -- the noise of conversation in the restaurant, unbearable. I make my excuses and flee. I re-enter my apartment and run to the computer as though it were a place of safety.I click on the modem, the once-annoying sound of the connection now as pleasant as my favorite tune. I enter my password. The real world disappears.Thought you were safe sharing secrets with Internet friends? Wait for the doorbell...The runway felt different this time. It startled him for a brief moment. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. That's only one inch off the National record, he thought. The intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety. He began shaking the tension. It wasn't working. He became more tense. Why was this happening to him now, he thought. He began to get nervous. Afraid would be a more accurate description. What was he going to do? He had never experienced these feelings. Then out of nowhere, and from the deepest depths of his soul, he pictured his mother. Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this? It was simple. His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths.So he did. Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his pole at his feet. He began to stretch out his arms and upper body. The light breeze that was once there was now gone. He carefully picked up his pole. He felt his heart pounding. He was sure the crowd did, too. The silence was deafening. When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was his time to fly.Racing the clock every day is such an exhausting effort that when I actually have a few free moments, I tend to collapse. Mostly I sink into a chair and stare into space while I imagine how lovely life would be if only I possessed the organizational skills and the energy of my superheroines. In fact, I waste a good deal of my spare time just worrying about what other women are accomplishing in theirs. Sometimes I think that these modern fairy tales create as many problems for women as the old stories that had us biding our time for the day our prince would come.Yet superwomen tales continue to charm me. Despite my friend's warning against being taken in, despite everything I've learned, I find that I'm not only willing, but positively eager to buy that bridge she mentioned. Why? I suppose it has something to do with the appeal of an optimistic approach to life -- and the fact that extraordinary deeds have been accomplished by determined individuals who refused to believe that "you can't" was the final word on their dreams.Men have generally been assured that achieving their heart's desires would be a piece of cake. Women, of course, have always believed that we can't have our cake and eat it too-the old low-dream diet. Perhaps becoming a superwoman is an impossible dream for me, but life without that kind of fantasy is as unappealing as a diet with no treats.1) The young woman described to the policemen the way the man ran up to her and grabbed the bag from her hand. 2) All the people working for Sam Walton admire the way he manages Wal-Mart and the way he treats his employees. 3) The neighbors were disgusted at the way he talked to his old father.4) It's amazing the way the eight-year-old boy managed to stay so calm when he faced the emergency.1. You will find yourself penniless in a month.2. He found himself lying in a hospital ward.3. She found herself faced with the toughest job she had ever taken.4. Susan found herself in a trap from which she could not escape.1) Obviously what the speaker wanted to emphasize was the impact of these findings rather than the process that led to these findings.2) It seems that he is never bothered about what people would think about his behavior.3) The CEO never hesitates to let his employees know what he is planning for the company.4) The scientist will show the audience what a tele-operated robot can do for a family.5)Despite all this she manages to get her act together.1、She herself believed in freedom,so much so that she would rather die than live without it.2、Assuming the proposal is accepted,where are we going to get the money?3、Only by rewarding success can you bring out the best in your employess.4、It’s amazing the eight-year-old boy managed to stay so calm when he faced the emergency.5、Allen should have known better than to lend such a large sum of money to that untrustworthy cousin of his.。
1 五十年前父母大都会问男孩子们长大后想不想当总统，问这话时一本正经，并非开玩笑。
许多穷得跟乞丐似的父母也仍然相信他们的孩子能当上总统。
亚伯拉罕・林肯就做到了。
我们与林肯那个时代仅仅差65年。
依然健在的许多爷爷辈的人还能记得林肯时代。
就是他们最喜欢问你长大后想不想当总统。
回答说想当的小男孩数量多得惊人，而且他们是当真的。
2 我就曾经被问过多次。
我会回答说不，我长大后不想当总统。
有一个年纪大的叔叔，当着母亲的面向我提出这个问烂了的问题，发现了我对当总统不感兴趣，他就接着又问：“那你长大了想干什么呢？”3 我那时喜欢到垃圾堆上去拣东西，收集空瓶子、有漂亮标签的罐子和废弃的杂志。
世界上最吸引我的工作立刻浮现在我的脑子里。
“我想当一个垃圾工。
”我说道。
4 叔叔听后笑了，而母亲却觉察到了我那呆头呆脑的苗头，不免伤心。
“有点上进心吧，拉塞尔。
”她说道。
她叫我“拉塞尔”表明她不高兴，因为她夸我的时候总是叫我“小家伙”。
5 转眼间我长到了八岁，她觉得我得找个工作，开始踏上那条让我自己成就点什么的道路，而不能再四平八稳地坐失良机了。
“巴迪”，有一天她跟我说，“今天放学后马上回家。
有人要来，我要你见见他。
”6 那天下午我冲进家门的时候，她正在客厅里跟柯蒂斯出版公司的一个负责人谈话。
他把我介绍给他。
他弯下腰和我握了握手，问我是不是像母亲说的那样渴望获得进入商界的机会。
7 母亲在一旁忙说我决意要使自己成为一个有所成就的人。
8 “是的。
”我低声说。
9 “那么，你是否具备在商业上获得成功所需要的刚强、勇气和绝不放弃的精神呢？”10 母亲回答说我当然具备。
11 “是的。
”我说。
12 他盯着我好一会儿，默不作声，似乎在掂量着我是否值得他的信任，然后和我坦率地谈了起来。
他说，在走出关键性的一步之前，他得提醒我，年轻人为柯蒂斯出版公司工作要承担巨大的责任。
它是美国最了不起的公司之一，也许是世界上最了不起的出版公司。
毫无疑问，我肯定听说过《星期六晚邮报》吧？13 岂止听说过母亲说全家人可是都知道《星期六邮报》的，而且说我实际上是它的忠实读者。
Growing Up1 Fifty years ago parents still asked boys if they wanted to grow up to be president, and asked it not jokingly but seriously. Many parents who were hardly more than paupers still believed their sons could do it. Abraham Lincoln had done it. We were only sixty-five years from Lincoln. Many of grandfather who walked among us could remeber Lincoln. Men of grandfatherly age were the worst for asking if you wanted to grow up to be president. A surprising number of little boys said yes and meant it.五十年前父母大都会问男孩子们长大后想不想当总统，问这话时一本正经，并非开玩笑。
许多穷得跟乞丐似的父母也仍然相信他们的孩子能当上总统。
亚伯拉罕・林肯就做到了。
我们与林肯那个时代仅仅差65年。
依然健在的许多爷爷辈的人还能记得林肯时代。
就是他们最喜欢问你长大后想不想当总统。
回答说想当的小男孩数量多得惊人，而且他们是当真的。
2 I was asked many times myself. No, I didn’t want to grow up to be president. My mother was present during one of these interrogations. An elderly uncle, having posed the usual question and exposed my lack of interest in the presidency, asked, “Well, what do you want to be when you grow up.我就曾经被问过多次。
我会回答说不，我长大后不想当总统。
有一个年纪大的叔叔，当着母亲的面向我提出这个问烂了的问题，发现了我对当总统不感兴趣，他就接着又问：“那你长大了想干什么呢？”3 I loved to pick through trash piles and collect empty bottles, tin canswith pretty labels, and discarded magazines. The most desirable job on earth sprang instantly to mind. “I want to be a garbage man,” I said.我那时喜欢到垃圾堆上去拣东西，收集空瓶子、有漂亮标签的罐子和废弃的杂志。
世界上最吸引我的工作立刻浮现在我的脑子里。
“我想当一个垃圾工。
”我说道。
4 My uncle smiled, but my mother had seen the first distressing evidence of a bump budding on a log. “Have a little gumption, Russell,” she said. Her calling me Russell was a signal of unhappiness. When she approved of me I was always “Buddy”.叔叔听后笑了，而母亲却觉察到了我那呆头呆脑的苗头，不免伤心。
“有点上进心吧，拉塞尔。
”她说道。
她叫我“拉塞尔”表明她不高兴，因为她夸我的时候总是叫我“小家伙”。
5 When I turned eight years old she decided that the job of starting me on the road toward making something of myself could no longer be safely delayed, “Buddy ,” she said one day, “ I want you to come home right after school this afternoon. Somebody’s coming and I want you to meet him.”转眼间我长到了八岁，她觉得我得找个工作，开始踏上那条让我自己成就点什么的道路，而不能再四平八稳地坐失良机了。
“巴迪”，有一天她跟我说，“今天放学后马上回家。
有人要来，我要你见见他。
”6 When I burst in that afternoon she was in conference in the parlor with an executive of the Curtis Publishing Company. She introduced me. He bent low from the waist and shook my hand. Was it true as my motherhad told him, he asked, that I longer for the opportunity to conquer the world of business?那天下午我冲进家门的时候，她正在客厅里跟柯蒂斯出版公司的一个负责人谈话。
他把我介绍给他。
他弯下腰和我握了握手，问我是不是像母亲说的那样渴望获得进入商界的机会。
7 My mother replied that I was blessed with a rare determination to make to succeed in business.”母亲在一旁忙说我决意要使自己成为一个有所成就的人。
8 “That’s right,” I said.“是的。
”我低声说。
9 “But have you got the grit, the character, the never-say-quit spirit it takes to succeed in business.”“那么，你是否具备在商业上获得成功所需要的刚强、勇气和绝不放弃的精神呢？”10 My mother said I certainly did.母亲回答说我当然具备。
11 “That’s right,” I said.“是的。
”我说。
12 He eyed me silently for a long pause, as though weighing whether I could be trusted to keep his confidence, then spoke man-to-man. Before taking a crucial step, he said, he wanted to advise me that working for the Curtis Publishing Company placed enormous responsibility on a young man. It was one of the great companies of America. Perhaps the greatest publishing house in the world. I had heard, no doubt, of the Saturday Post?他盯着我好一会儿，默不作声，似乎在掂量着我是否值得他的信任，然后和我坦率地谈了起来。
他说，在走出关键性的一步之前，他得提醒我，年轻人为柯蒂斯出版公司工作要承担巨大的责任。
它是美国最了不起的公司之一，也许是世界上最了不起的出版公司。
毫无疑问，我肯定听说过《星期六晚邮报》吧？13 Heard of it? My mother said everyone in our house had heard of the Saturday Post and that, I, in fact, read it with religious devotion.岂止听说过母亲说全家人可是都知道《星期六邮报》的，而且说我实际上是它的忠实读者。
14 He said he had been so impressed by what he had seen of me that he was going to make me a representative of the Curtis Publishing Company. On the following Tuesday, he said, thirty freshly printed copies of the Saturday Evening Post would be delivered at our door. I would place these magazines still damp with the ink of the presses, in a handsome canvas bag, sling it over my shoulder, and set forth through the streets to bring the best in journalism, fiction, and cartoons to the American public.最后，他说他对我的印象非常深刻，打算吸纳我为柯蒂斯出版公司的一员。
他说，下周二会有三十份刚印刷出来的《星期六晚邮报》送到我家门口。
我要把这些还带着印刷油墨潮气的期刊放到一个漂亮的帆布包里，吊挂在我的肩上，然后走上大街小巷，把新闻、小说和卡通的精华带给美国大众。
15 He had brought the canvas bag with him. He presented it with reverence fit for a chasuble. He should me how to drape the sling over my left shoulder and across the chest so that the pouch lay easily accessible to my right hand, allowing the best in journalism, fiction, and cartoons tobe swiftly extracted and sold to a citizenry whose happiness and security depended upon us soldiers of the free press.他随身带着那个帆布包。
