瓦锡兰主机RT-flex资料之一(彩色)
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【船机帮】瓦锡兰新型电喷共轨RT-FLEX型主机管理精要船机故障心莫慌,遇事不决船机帮导读随着世界能源危机和环境污染的加重,在燃油成本增加,国际排放标准要求日益增高的现实条件下,各大主机制造商相继开展了智能柴油机的研究,随着微计算技术的成功应用,使电控共轨柴油机变成了现实,这也标志着柴油机技术的第三次革命。
电控共轨柴油机提高了燃油经济性、降低了主机排放、提高了可靠性和操作的灵活性,具有适时调节,精准定时,低碳环保经济等优良性能。
其中Wartsila公司的 RT-flex系列和 MAN B&W 的 G 型系列最具代表性,下面仅就RT-FLEX机进行阐述。
一、RT-flex 主机特有部件介绍RT-FLEX 主机最大特点是具有电子控制的燃油共轨喷射系统(Electronically controlled commontail fuel injection system),实现了燃油、滑油、空气的共轨,取消了传统意义上的凸轮轴、高压油泵、排气阀驱动机构等,喷油及排气阀动作分别由电磁阀控制的ICU及VCU控制,定时精准,燃烧充分,可以满足TIRE 2 排放标准。
与传统机型相比较 RT-flex 采用燃油、伺服油、启动空气共轨,完全实现了燃油喷射与排气阀执行的电子控制,省却了排气阀驱动泵、燃油高压油泵、凸轮轴、凸轮轴驱动机构、换向伺服机构、启动空气分配器等机构,大大减小了主机几何尺寸。
为实现电喷控制,新型机相应配备了供油单元、共轨单元、角度编码器、微电脑控制 WECS-9520 系统等特有部分。
1、控制系统 WECS-9520WECS-9520系统由单块多功能模块FCM-20(Flex Control Module-20)组成。
每一块FCM-20都被安装在每一个气缸的共轨箱下面(E95)接线箱里,另外还设计有两块FCM-20 模块作为在线备件被安装在主机缸头层前端的(E90)接线箱里,所有模块之间的通信均经由内部高速CANbus总线完成。
瓦锡兰Wartsila RT-flex58T-D主机示功图的绘制,含义解释及其解决措施的讨论。
1.概述绘制示功图时,应当使用合适的、工作状态良好的示功器,柴油机转速和功率应当稳定,对船用柴油机而言应当是在深水区的平衡水域上进行,为了方便解释示功曲线图,应注明相应的气缸编号,柴油机转速、负荷指示器位置和VIT(可调喷油定时)位置。
2.气缸压力的确定为了减少柴油机的NOx排放量,以符合IM规则的要求,现已采用较高的压缩比和燃油喷油定时,一般而言,最大燃烧压力与压缩压力的比值,在100%负荷时处于0.90-1.25的范围内根据柴油机额定功率和相应的IMO调试的不同情况,示功图曲线可能在如下两种特例之间变动3.示功图的解释和相应的柴油机调整备注:柴油机验收试车时绘制出的示功图,应作为参考基准。
关于相应负荷及转速下的压缩压力及最大燃烧压力参考值,请参看试车报告及性能曲线3.1压缩压力正确,但最大燃烧压力过高,可能的原因:①点火(喷油始点)对所有燃油而言太早为了纠正点火压力,必须将“FQS”调整至“延时(later)”,参看WECS-9520柴油机控制系统)。
用FQS进行纠正时,只有全部各个气缸都表现出同样的压力偏差时才有效。
3.2压缩压力正确,但最大燃烧压力过低。
可能的原因:①燃烧不良:喷油嘴喷孔顶端变成喇叭形或已磨损,检查喷油嘴。
②点火(喷油始点)对所有燃油而言太迟,为了纠正点火压力,必须将“FQS”调整至“提前(earlier)”,参看WECS-9520柴油机控制系统。
用FQS进行纠正时,只有全部各个气缸都表现出同样的压力偏差时才有效3.3压缩压力和最大燃烧压力都太低。
可能的原因:①真实的负荷低于假定值②排气阀漏气,需检查排气阀。
③扫气空气压力太低,需清洗增压器和空冷器。
④进气温度太高。
⑤VEC(可调排气定时)定时错误,即排气阀关闭太迟(WECS9520内的参数)3.4 压缩压力和最大燃烧压力都太高可能的原因①柴油机超负荷②VEC(可调排气阀关闭)定时错误。
RT-flex October `04 /1/ RB RT-flex October `04 /2/ RBCommon Rail platformWECS-9520controlSupply unitFuel pumps Camshaft Camshaft driveStart-Air-Distr Reversing servomotor Fuel-linkageVIT device (VEC device)Actuator Exh. Valve driveRT-flex October`04 /5/ RB RT-flex October`04 /6/ RBRT-flex October`04 /9/ RBJerk pump8 bar fuel supplyWith electronicallycontrolled exhaustvalve+RT-flex October`04 /10/ RBHigh efficiencyFuel pump 1000barServo oil pump 200barsimple453Cylinder2Servo Supply 200 barCommon Rail System Exhaust Valve DriveWECS-9520controlHydraulicActuatorIntroductionThe RT-flex principle….RT-flex October`04 /13/ RB RT-flex October`04 /14/ RBCommon RailplatformWECS-9520controlSupplyunit z zzzRT-flex October`04 /17/ RBFuel RailServo Oil RailRT-flex October`04 /18/ RBVolumetricInjection Control PistonControl oil sideHFO sideDesignDesign of Exhaust Valve Drive EVDn Rail valven Operating the control sliden Acting in 6-micron filtered control oil n Control slide valven Driving the valve actuator pistonn Acting in 6-micron filtered servo oil DesignzzzRT-flex October `04 /21/ RB RT-flex October `04 /22/ RBWECS-9520Amplifier Fuel AmplifierServo Oil CAN BushardwiredShaftencoderPower SuppliesRCS backup Local Ctrl3x CAN Bus2x SSICAN BusE95.3E95.1E95.6E95.2E95.4E95.5E95.7E90F C M -20F C M -20F C M -20F C M -20F C M -20F C M -20F C M -20F C M -20RT-flex October`04 /25/ RB RT-flex October`04 /26/ RBRT-flex October`04 /29/ RB RT-flex October`04 /30/ RBRT-flex October`04 /33/ RB RT-flex October`04 /34/ RBRT-flex sizes / engine introduction Our feed-back concept for continuous product improvement paid offCrew is operating the engine without assistance since May 2002Complete inspection after 5300 and 15’500 running hours showed verylow wear figures on engine parts incl. RT-flex systemSome components later adapted according to inspection’04, at 15’500 RH showed very goodRT-flex October `04 /37/ RBz More than 120 RT-flex enginesare on order or in service!z flex 0RT-flex50zflex I RT-flex58T-BRT-flex60Cz flex II RT-flex68T-B zflex IV RT-flex96CRT-flex84T-DRT-flex October `04 /38/ RBStatus of projects / Reference listRT-flex October`04 /41/ RB RT-flex October`04 /42/ RBRail UnitWECS 9520 E 90Terminal boxSpeed up gear for up to 6 servo oil pumps WECS 9520 E 95.xTerminal boxesMain fuel collector and pressure regulatingSupply unitRT-flex October`04 /45/ RB RT-flex October`04 /46/ RB Design Issues of the RT-flex System Size IVRT-flex October`04 /49/ RB ActuatorRT-flex October`04 /50/ RBFuel frompumpICUCommon rail pipeRT-flex96CNew exhaust valve drive test rigz New exhaust valve drive full scaletestingz Complete installation with exhaustvalve cage and valvez Servo oil rail for correct systemboundariesz Valve ‘brake’ to simulatecylinder back pressurePartitiondeviceServooil railTarget is to keep the system as already applied on Size I flex: z Components are mainly justenlarged for size IV requirementsz Design changes based on experience of size Iz Design for size IV has been verified byextensive component testingz Hydraulic system to be tested in full scale installationz No changes in software structurez No changes in WECS core componentsRT-flex96CRT-flex October`04 /53/ RB RT-flex October`04 /54/ RB Maximum loads for 12RT-flex96C engine with disabled fuel and servo-oil pumpsFuel Pumps in operation (ø 42mm)% Load PossibleServo-Oil Pumps in operation% Load PossibleFuel pumpsServo oil pumpsSummary75%100%RTA[g/kWh]Flex[g/kWh]PLUS[g/kWh]RT-flex October`04 /58/ RBby double supply piping, engine master controllerRT-flex October`04 /57/ RB。