United Kingdom

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英国教育一般分为五个阶段。 第一阶段是3岁到5岁的幼儿 园教育；第二阶段是5-11岁的 小学教育；第三阶段是11岁16岁的中学教育。5岁-16岁 为法律规定的强制教育阶段。 适龄儿童必须入学，由国家负 责必须的学费、书籍和必要的 供应。16岁-18岁是中学高级 班（或大学预备班），为中学 至大学的过渡期；第四阶5年； 第五阶段为16岁以后的继续 教育。包括青年和成人的职业 教育[正规大学不算在内]，方 式有全日、半日和业余时间。 学制的长短在各地、各部门、 各专业均不相同。
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UK education is generally divided into five stages. The first phase is 3 to 5 years old in kindergarten education; the second stage is 5-11 old primary school education; the third stage is 11 years old - 16 years of secondary education. 5 years old - 16 years old to the law of compulsory education stage. School age children must attend school, the state must charge tuition fees, books and necessary supplies. 16 years old - 18 years old is a senior secondary school classes ( or university preparatory classes), for middle school to university transition period; fourth order 5 years; fifth stage of continuing education after the age of 16. Including youth and adult occupation education [ normal university does not count ], means a full day, halfday and leisure time. The duration of around, departments, each professional are not the same. NEXT

The United Kingdom 教案第一章：英国简介1.1 地理位置英国位于欧洲大陆西北面，由大不列颠岛、北爱尔兰和一些小岛组成。

英国与欧洲大陆的距离由英吉利海峡相隔。

1.2 历史背景英国的起源可以追溯到公元前1世纪，当时罗马帝国统治了不列颠。

中世纪时期，英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰逐渐形成了联合王国。

英国在16世纪和17世纪经历了宗教改革和工业革命，成为世界强国之一。

1.3 政治体系英国是一个君主立宪制国家，拥有一个君主和一个议会。

议会由两个议院组成：下议院和上议院。

英国的政治体系采用了民主制度，选民可以参与选举和投票。

第二章：英国文化2.1 语言英国的官方语言是英语，是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。

英语的发展受到了多种语言的影响，包括拉丁语、法语和日耳曼语。

2.2 文学英国文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，包括了莎士比亚、简·奥斯汀、查尔斯·狄更斯等著名作家。

英国的诗歌、戏剧和小说在世界范围内享有盛誉。

2.3 艺术和建筑英国的艺术和建筑历史悠久，包括了从中世纪教堂到现代摩天大楼的各种风格。

英国的博物馆和画廊收藏了丰富的艺术品，吸引了来自世界各地的游客。

第三章：英国经济3.1 经济概况英国是世界上最发达的经济之一，拥有强大的工业和金融服务业。

伦敦是世界上最大的金融中心之一，拥有众多的银行和金融机构。

3.2 农业和工业英国的农业以畜牧业为主，生产了著名的英国牛肉和羊肉。

英国的工业历史悠久，曾经是工业革命的发源地，现在仍然拥有强大的制造业基础。

3.3 服务业服务业是英国经济的重要部分，包括了金融、教育、医疗等行业。

英国的教育体系世界闻名，吸引了大量的国际学生。

第四章：英国社会4.1 教育英国的教育制度包括小学、中学和大学。

英国有许多世界著名的大学，如牛津大学和剑桥大学。

4.2 医疗英国的医疗体系是公共医疗体系，每个人都有权利接受医疗服务。

英国的医院和诊所提供了高质量的医疗服务。

A Brief Introduction to The United Kingdom我们正在研究的这个国家的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

这也是一个复杂的名字，对于一个在许多方面都很复杂的国家。

大多数人都知道它，是因为它的庞大的海外帝国的称号使他在国家上扮演着重要的角色，但是在第二次世界大战之后的数年，这一切都结束了。

然而，人们知道的那些有关英国（他们可能称它为英国或者，错误的称为大不列颠）的事情，可能跟大多数真正的英国人是如果过自己的生活的事情没有多大的联系。

一方面，现在，帝国的时代已经过去很久了，只有老人们把帝国作为他们生活有一些意义的一件事留在记忆里。

英国不再是一个帝国，尽管其过去帝国的影响可能体现在各方各面;而不是仅仅体现在与曾经是这个帝国的一部分并且建立起一个松散（自愿）的称之为英联邦国家的组织保持联系的50或更多的国家之间的密切关系。

但是今天在英国国际关系中，更重要的是欧洲联盟。

自从1973年始，英国成为了它的成员。

考虑到当代的英国，强调它在欧盟中扮演的角色，比起英联邦的一部分，要有用得多了。

作为7国集团成员的大型发达经济体，它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家。

另外一个明显旧帝国的影响在于组成英国人口本身。

在20世纪50年代和60年代这段时间，受到鼓励来自这些英联邦国家的移民，导致了一个二十个人中就有一个非欧洲人的人口种族。

他们自己，其父母，或者祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，仅举出这几个最有代表性的国家和地区。

这将引入什么是本章节关于英国的关键主题：因为是大多数，或所有的国家，是不可能用简单的话语来概括英国人民。

很多人想到了英国，就想到了英国的绅士。

但是，这仅仅是一种刻板印象，在当今，对于绝大多数英国人来说都是不适用的，而且并不具有正确性。

英国是一个国家，只有一种护照，和一个拥有主权的政府，但是像它的名字一样，它是由不同的元素组成的。

它包括一个单一民族国家内的四个部分：由大不列颠岛组成的英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士，和与大不列颠岛邻近的爱尔兰岛上的一个省，北爱尔兰，组成一个完整的国家。

The United Kingdom1.英国的全称The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.大不列颠岛的组成England, Scotland & Wales3.什么叫“英联邦”The Commonwealth of Nations, usually known as the Commonwealth, is a voluntary association of 53 independent sovereign states, most of which are former British colonies, or dependencies of these colonies (the exceptions being the United Kingdom itself and Mozambique). 4.伦敦的地位London is the largest city located in the south of the country. It is dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways. It is the cultural and business center and headquarters of the vast majority of Britain’s big companies. It is not only the financial center of the nation, but also one of the three major international financial centers in the world.5.有哪些国家入侵过英国？英格兰：Invasion by RomansIn 43 AD, Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire, and England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.Invasion by Anglo-SaxonsAs the Roman armies and Roman protection were withdrawn from Britain, and Britain was again divided into small kingdoms, and again it came under threat from Germanic peoples: the Angles, and the Saxon.The Anglo-Saxons succeeded in invading Britain, and either absorb the Celtic people, or pushed them to the western and northern edges of Britain.Invasion by VikingsFrom the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the Vikings, threatened Britain shores.Invasion by NormansIn 1066, England was invaded by the Normans under William of Normandy, from northern France, who were descendants of Vikings.The Battle of Hastings defeated an English army under King Harold, marks the last time that an army from outside the British Isles succeeded in invading.苏格兰：Scotland was not conquered by the Romans, though they did try to, and for a while occupied as far as the edge of the northern highland zone.Nor was most of Scotland conquered by the Anglo-Saxons.British Celts occupied the area around what is now Glasgow.Around the 6th century AD, people from Northern Ireland invaded the south-west. They were called the Scots, and it is they that gave the modern country of Scotland its name.The original Scottish Celts, called the Picts, were left the highland zone.6.1689年通过《权利法案》，议会得到权力7.苏格兰首府Edinburgh，最大的城市Glasgow8.威尔士首府Cardiff，民族英雄LlywelynapGruffudd和Owain Glyndwr9.北爱尔兰贫穷的原因：Economic ProblemsPolitical ProblemsConflicts between Protestants and Roman CatholicsConflicts between Unionists /Royalists and nationalists/Republicans10.北爱尔兰的首府Belfast11.The Giant’s Causeway 被列为世界文化遗产，英国第七大奇迹12.Sinn Fein PartySinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland which supports the IRA to fight for the union of Ireland. The leaders of Sinn Fein prefer union with Ireland by a twin campaign, both military and political which they call the policy of “the Bullet and the Ballot Box”.It believes that without the participation of Sinn Fein the political of Northern Ireland cannot be thoroughly solved.13.IRAThe Irish Republican Army (IRA) was an Irish republican revolutionary military organization descended from the Irish Volunteers.Its aim is to overthrow the British rule in Ireland and unify Northern Ireland with the Southern one, forming an independent Republic of Ireland.14.爱尔兰宗教冲突Conflicts between Protestants and CatholicsThe majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited the British Isles before the Roman Invasion, thus they were ethnically distinct from the majority of British people.In addition, most Irish people were Catholics, while most British people became Protestants.In the 17th century, the English government, trying to increase its control of Ireland, encourages people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to Northern Ireland.These people saw themselves different from the rest of the Irish people, and thought of themselves as British, and wished to remain a part of the British state.The Protestants, being the majority, controlled the local democratically-elected parliament, and used that power to support their own economic and social dominance in the province.The Catholics found it hard to get jobs, or to benefit from social programs. Schools and sporting events were segregated.15.英国皇室起源The power of the monarchy was largely derived from the ancient doctrine of “the divine right of kings”. It was held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects.16.“君权神授”The sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects.17.大宪章Magana CartaA charter of liberty and political rights is signed by the King John.MaganaCarta placed some limits on the king’s ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain’s key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.18.英国的政体（君主立宪制+代议民主制）女王议会内阁●The Queen is the official Head of State.Britain has aconstitutional monarchy where the Queen only rules symbolically.●Parliament represents the people.●Government runs the country and is also elected by the people ;The leader of the Government is the Prime Minister.19.英国宪法的构成20.议会的职能21.君主的职责●Head of the State●Head of the Armed Forces●Head of the Church of England●Her government duties●Meeting Prime Ministers●Visits22.上下议院的职能The House of Lords:“Double check” new laws to make sure they are fair and will work.The House of Commons:Discussing policies and making laws.23.英国大选 5 年举行一次。