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第 21 卷 第 4 期2023 年 4 月Vol.21，No.4Apr.，2023太赫兹科学与电子信息学报Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology超宽带太赫兹调频连续波成像技术胡伟东，许志浩*，蒋环宇，刘庆国，檀桢(北京理工大学毫米波与太赫兹技术北京市重点实验室，北京100081)摘要：太赫兹调频连续波成像技术具有高功率、小型化、低成本、三维成像等特点，在太赫兹无损检测领域受到了广泛关注。
然而由于微波及太赫兹器件限制，太赫兹信号带宽难以做大，从而制约了成像的距离向分辨力。
虽然高载频可实现较大宽带，但伴随的低穿透性和低功率会限制太赫兹调频连续波成像系统的应用场景。
因此，聚焦于太赫兹波无损检测领域，提出一种时分频分复用的114~500 GHz超宽带太赫兹信号的产生方式，基于多频段共孔径准光设计，实现超带宽信号的共孔径，频率可扩展至1.1 THz。
提出一种频段融合算法，实现了超宽带信号的有效融合，距离分辨力提升至460 μm，通过人工设计的多层复合材料验证了系统及算法的有效性，并得到封装集成电路(IC)芯片的高分辨三维成像结果。
关键词：太赫兹调频连续波；非线性度校准；多频段融合；准光设计；无损检测中图分类号：TN914.42文献标志码：A doi：10.11805/TKYDA2022225Ultra-wideband terahertz FMCW imaging technologyHU Weidong，XU Zhihao*，JIANG Huanyu，LIU Qingguo，TAN Zhen (Beijing Key Laboratory of Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Technology，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China)AbstractAbstract：：Terahertz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave(THz FMCW) imaging technology has attracted extensive attention in the field of THz Nondestructive Testing(NDT) because of its high power,miniaturization, low cost, three-dimensional imaging and other characteristics. However, due to thelimitation of microwave and terahertz devices, the terahertz signal bandwidth is difficult to expand, whichrestricts the range resolution of imaging. Although high carrier frequency can achieve large broadband,the accompanying low penetrability and low power will limit the application scenario of THz FMCWimaging system. Therefore, focusing on the field of terahertz wave nondestructive testing, this paperproposes a time-division frequency-division multiplexing 114~500 GHz ultra-wideband terahertz signalgeneration method, which is based on the quasi-optical design of multiband common aperture to achievethe common aperture of ultra-wideband signals. In addition, a multiband fusion algorithm is proposed toachieve effective fusion of ultra-wideband signals, and the range resolution is improved to 460 μm. Theeffectiveness of the system and algorithm is verified by artificially designed multilayer compositematerials, and the high-resolution 3D imaging results of Integrated Circuit(IC) chips are obtained.KeywordsKeywords：：Terahertz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave；non-linearity calibration；multiband fusion；quasi-optical design；Nondestructive Testing太赫兹波(0.03 mm~3 mm)在电磁波谱中位于微波与红外之间，由于其独特的穿透性与非电离性等特性，太赫兹技术已成功用于艺术品保护、工业产品质量控制、封装集成电路(IC)无损检测等领域[1-3]。
参考文献:[1] Multiple 2Layer Completions for Efficient Treatment ofMultilayer Reservoirs[R].IADC/SPE 112476.[2] Novel Technology Replaces Perforating and ImprovesEfficiency During Multiple Layer Fracturing Opera 2tions[R ].SPE 107730.[3] 高雪峰,梅明霞,姜 静,等.大井眼卡簧式铅封防砂封隔器的研制[J ].石油机械,2007,35(10):53255.[4] 王世民,李 颖.卡簧式钻具打捞器[J ].探矿工程,2002(4):32.[5] 丛 伟,孙明祥.圆截面卡簧的设计探讨[J ].机械设计与制造,2003(2):59260.[6] 赵焕卿,畅元江.基于Python 的ABAQUS 后处理技术在隔水管静态分析中的应用[J ].石油矿场机械,2009,38(1):125.[7] 张红刚,胡玉平,李国祥,等.基于ABAQUS 的连杆的有限元计算分析[J ].现代制造技术与装备,2008(6):68270.[8] 孙宝全.多相混输泵叶轮叶片强度有限元分析[J ].石油矿场机械,2008,37(7):34238.[9] 于艳艳,王旱祥,苗长山.ANSYS 在水平井套管可下入性分析中的应用[J ].石油矿场机械,2007,36(5):67269,79. 收稿日期:2009207228基金项目:黑龙江省科技攻关项目(GZ07A502);大庆市科技攻关项目(SGG 20062004)作者简介:王金东(19642),男,山东诸城人,教授,博士,从事机械设备故障诊断、石油机械设备等方面的教学与科研工作,E 2mail :nanxiqiao @ 。
文章编号:100123482(2010)0120053204油管喷砂生产线除尘系统设计王金东,杜永军,孟庆武,宋玉杰(大庆石油学院机械科学与工程学院,黑龙江大庆163318)摘要:油管表面喷砂处理大多采用的是喷料为普通硅砂的开放式喷砂设备,存在严重的环境污染问题。
Papercutting is an ancient art form that has been practiced in various cultures around the world,but it is particularly prevalent in China where it has a long and rich history. This traditional craft involves cutting intricate designs and patterns into paper using scissors or a knife.It is often used for decorative purposes and is a common feature in Chinese festivals and celebrations.The History of PapercuttingThe art of papercutting dates back to the6th century in China,during the Tang Dynasty. Initially,paper was an expensive commodity,and papercutting was a luxury activity reserved for the upper class.Over time,as paper became more accessible,the art form spread to the general public.Materials and ToolsThe primary material used in papercutting is,of course,paper.Traditionally,red paper is favored due to its auspicious symbolism in Chinese culture.The tools of the trade are simple:a sharp pair of scissors or a small,pointed knife.Some artists also use templates or stencils to guide their cuts,but many create their designs freehand.Techniques and StylesThere are various techniques used in papercutting,ranging from simple,singlelayer cuts to complex,multilayered designs.Some common styles include:Singlelayer papercutting:This involves cutting a single sheet of paper to create a flat design.Multilayer papercutting:Here,multiple layers of paper are stacked and cut simultaneously to create a threedimensional effect.Silhouette cutting:This technique involves cutting out shapes to create a silhouette against a contrasting background.Folding papercutting:The paper is folded before cutting,which can create symmetrical patterns or more complex designs.Cultural SignificancePapercutting holds deep cultural significance in China.It is often used to convey good luck and blessings.For instance,during the Chinese New Year,papercut decorations are hung in homes and public spaces to symbolize prosperity and happiness.The designs often feature elements such as fish representing abundance,dragons symbolizing powerand good luck,and peonies signifying wealth and honor.Modern ApplicationsWhile papercutting remains a traditional craft,it has also found its way into modern applications.It is used in graphic design,fashion,and even as a form of political expression.Some contemporary artists have taken the ancient art form and given it a new twist,creating innovative and thoughtprovoking works that challenge traditional perceptions.Learning PapercuttingFor those interested in learning papercutting,there are many resources available, including workshops,online tutorials,and books.It is a craft that can be enjoyed by people of all ages and skill levels.With patience and practice,anyone can learn to create beautiful and intricate papercut designs.In conclusion,papercutting is more than just a craft it is a form of cultural expression that has been passed down through generations.It offers a unique way to engage with art and history,and it continues to captivate and inspire people around the world.Whether you are looking to learn a new skill or simply appreciate the beauty of this traditional art form, papercutting is a rewarding and enriching experience.。
专利名称：Multi-layer optical recording media and method for recording and reproducinginformation using the same发明人：Bunsen Fan,Sadeg M. Faris申请号：US09/141570申请日：19980827公开号：US06094410A公开日：20000725专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：Disclosed is a novel optical information storage media having M information storage decks. Each information storage deck has N information storage layers, and each information storage layer has a pair of information storage structures. Each paired information storage structure has a characteristic wavelength and polarization state, and from which recorded information can be read by a laser beam having similar wavelength and polarization-state characteristics. A novel system is provided for reading the optical information storage media of the present invention. In the illustrative embodiment, an optical storage device of the present invention having M×N×2 information storage layers can be read using only N laser lines (i.e. spectral components), thereby providing a 2M-fold increase in information storage capacity over prior art systems. The information storage and retrieval system of the present invention is completely backward compatible to allow for the reading of conventional CD-ROM devices. Various techniques are disclosed for manufacturing and reading the optical storage devices of the present invention.申请人：REVEO, INC.代理人：Thomas J. Perkowski, Esq., P 更多信息请下载全文后查看。
专利名称：FORMING DEVICE FOR MULTILAYERED FILMS BY VACUUM DEPOSITION发明人：TOKU AKIHIKO申请号：JP12681181申请日：19810814公开号：JPS607028B2公开日：19850221专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：PURPOSE:To deposit plural layers successively on the surface of a substrate by providing a shielding assembly between a transfer passage for a sheet-like substrate and plural evaporating sources, and exposing a number of areas along the transfer passage to the specific vapor sources. CONSTITUTION:A shielding assembly 11 is provided between a transfer passage 7 for a sheet-like substrate 2 and a evaporating source 4a contg. a vapor depositing material A and an evaporating source 4b contg. a vapor depositing material B. Among the areas located sequentially in the passage 7, the areas 12a, c, e are concealed by the shielding bodies 10b, c, d of the assembly 11 and are not concealed by any shielding bodies 10 when viewed from the source 4a. The areas 12b, d are concealed by the bodies 10b, c when viewed from the source 4a and are not concealed when viewed from the source 4b. Thus, the layers 3a, c, e of the material A and the layers 3b, d of the material B are formed on the substrate 2.申请人：ULVAC CORP更多信息请下载全文后查看。
专利名称：Multilayer interconnect metal structure and its formation manner发明人：ギウリオ・ディジアコモ,ジュング-イール・キム,チャンドラセクハール・ナラヤン,サンパス・プルショサマン申请号：JP特願平5-334376申请日：19931228公开号：JP第2528617号B2公开日：19960828专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：This invention relates generally to structure and method for preventing metal diffusion between a noble metal layer and an adjoining non-noble metal layer, and more specifically to new structures and methods for providing a superbarrier structure between copper and an adjoining noble metal layer. The attached drawing shows the basic metal film structure deposited on a substrate (12). The layers or films are deposited sequentially within a vacuum system without breaking the vacuum by any suitable technique. An electrically conductive adhesion layer (15) is first deposited directly on the substrate (12), so that it is electrically in contact with at least a portion of at least one via connection (14). This is followed by a layer of non-noble metal (16), and a layer of titanium (17), deposited directly thereon. Next a layer of molybdenum (18), is deposited over the layer of titanium (17), and, finally a layer of noble or relatively less noble metal layer (20), is deposited on the molybdenum layer (18). These deposited layers are the typically formed into an array of pads. These pads can now be used to connect various components such as wires, pins, connectors etc. This invention alsorelates to an improved multilayer metallurgical pad or metallurgical structure for mating at least a portion of a pin or a connector or a wire to a substrate.申请人：インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレイション地址：アメリカ合衆国10504、ニューヨーク州 アーモンク (番地なし)国籍：US代理人：合田 潔 (外2名)更多信息请下载全文后查看。
专利名称：Multilayer thin-film photoelectric converter and its manufacturing method发明人：MASAHIRO GOTO,WATARUYOSHIDA,TOSHIAKI SASAKI申请号：AU2008332347申请日：20081205公开号：AU2008332347A1公开日：20090611专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：Provided is an integrated-type thin film photoelectric converter having a high conversion characteristic which can be manufactured at a high productivity and a low cost. The integrated-type thin film photoelectric converter includes a transparent conductive layer, a laser light absorption layer, a back electrode layer, a semiconductor photoelectric conversion layer and a transparent electrode layer, sequentially stacked on a translucent substrate. The laser light absorption layer is parted into a plurality of regions by first kind parting line grooves, and the photoelectric conversion layer is parted into a plurality of photoelectric conversion regions by third kind parting line grooves penetrating the laser light absorption layer, the rear surface electrode layer and the photoelectric conversion layer. The transparent electrode layer is parted into a plurality of transparent electrode regions by fourth kind parting line grooves penetrating the laser light absorption layer the rear surface electrode layer, the photoelectric conversion layer and the transparent electrode layer. Between mutually adjacent photoelectric conversion cells, a back electrode region of one cell is electrically connected to a back electrode region of another cell through the first kind parting linegroove, the transparent conductive layer and the third kind parting line groove. In Embodiment 1, the back electrode layer is divided into a plurality of back electrode regions by second kind parting line grooves penetrating the transparent conductive layer, the laser light absorption layer and the back electrode layer.申请人：KANEKA CORPORATION更多信息请下载全文后查看。
专利名称：Method for manufacturing resin multilayer substrate发明人：大坪 喜人,藤本 麻人申请号：JP2019081948申请日：20190423公开号：JP6729754B2公开日：20200722专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：To provide resin multilayer substrates, for each of which the non-joined state between resin layers is eliminated in a portion that tends to be subjected to an insufficient action of heat and pressure by pressing in a thermocompression bonding step.SOLUTION: A resin multilayer substrate 101 includes a stacked body 1 including a plurality of resin layers 2 stacked therein, a component 3, one or more first conductor patterns 7, and one or more second conductor patterns 8 each disposed in a gap between the resin layers 2 inside the stacked body 1. At least a portion of an outline of each of the first conductor patterns 7 is in a position that overlaps with the component 3. An outline of each of the second conductor patterns 8 is in a position that does not overlap with the component 3. A resin portion 15 comprising a thermoplastic resin is disposed to be adjacent to the outside of each of the first conductor patterns 7 along a portion of the outline of each of the first conductor patterns 7, the portion overlapping with the component 3. The resin portion 15 is not disposed in a portion along the outline of each of the second conductor patterns 8.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1申请人：株式会社村田製作所地址：京都府長岡京市東神足１丁目１０番１号国籍：JP代理人：特許業務法人深見特許事務所更多信息请下载全文后查看。
Life-cycle cost¨Cbenefit analysis of extensive vegetated roof systems??Original Research ArticleJournal of Environmental Management, Volume 87, Issue 3, May 2008, Pages 350-363Timothy Carter, Andrew Keeler?Close preview??|?? Related articles??|??Related reference work articles????AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferencesAbstractThe built environment has been a significant cause of environmental degradation in the previously undeveloped landscape. As public and private interest in restoring the environmental integrity of urban areas continues to increase, new construction practices are being developed that explicitly value beneficial environmental characteristics. The use of vegetation on a rooftop¡ªcommonly called a green roof¡ªas an alternative to traditional roofing materials is an increasingly utilized example of such practices. The vegetation and growing media perform a number of functions that improve environmental performance, including: absorption of rainfall, reduction of roof temperatures, improvement in ambient air quality, and provision of urban habitat. A better accounting of the green roof's total costs and benefits to society and to the private sector will aid in the design of policy instruments and educational materials that affect individual decisions about green roof construction. This study uses data collected from an experimental green roof plot to develop a benefit cost analysis (BCA) for the life cycle of extensive (thin layer) green roof systems in an urban watershed. The results from this analysis are compared with a traditional roofing scenario. The net present value (NPV) of this type of green roof currently ranges from 10% to 14% more expensive than its conventional counterpart. A reduction of 20% in green roof construction cost would make the social NPV of the practice less than traditional roof NPV. Considering the positive social benefits and relatively novel nature of the practice, incentives encouraging the use of this practice in highly urbanized watersheds are strongly recommended.Article Outline1. Introduction1.1. Designing rooftops for sustainability1.2. Green roofs: multifunctional roof surfaces1.3. Economic analysis of green roofs2. Materials and methods2.1. Project site and test plot2.2. BCA framework2.3. Discounting of benefit and cost flows and sensitivity analysis3. Theory and calculation3.1. Construction and maintenance3.2. Stormwater management3.3. Energy and insulation3.4. Air quality3.5. Unquantifiable categories4. Results4.1. Green roof private and social benefits4.2. Applying the NPV test4.3. Sensitivity analysis5. Discussion6. ConclusionsReferencesPurchase$ 41.95152Environmental and financial life cycle impact assessment of drinking water production at Waternet??Original Research ArticleJournal of Cleaner Production, Volume 16, Issue 4, March 2008, Pages 471-476Ramiro Barrios, Maarten Siebel, Alex van der Helm, Karin Bosklopper, Huub Gijzen?Close preview??|?? Related articles??|??Related reference work articles????AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferencesAbstractIn this research, the environmental and financial impact of the existing water treatment¡ªi.e. the drinking water production plant Weesperkarspel and its pre-treatment plant Loenderveen¡ªare determined as a reference for future changes and for assessing opportunities for the reduction of the environmental impact.Environmental impact for Loenderveen and Weesperkarspel is found to be 8.61 milli-Eco-points/m3 of drinking water, following life cycle assessment approach and assessing impact with the Eco-Indicator 99 method. Financial impact is 0.1345 Euros/m3. It is assessed based on materials and energy flows and including other direct costs of production, like maintenance and direct labour costs. In both cases data from operation in 2002 are used. However, neither construction nor demolition phases are included.Coagulation at Loenderveen, softening and biological activated carbon filtration (BACF) at Weesperkarspel are the processes causing thelargest part of environmental and financial impact. Alternatives to reduce environmental impact of the current treatment scheme are assessed, i.e. the use of ferrous sulphate as coagulant and the use of sodium hydroxide produced with green energy. It is concluded that environmental impact can potentially be reduced by 33% with the proposed alternatives.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Materials and methods2.1. Environmental impact2.1.1. Goal and scope definition2.1.2. Inventory analysis2.1.3. Impact assessment2.1.4. Interpretation2.2. Financial impact3. Results3.1. Environmental impact3.2. Financial impact3.3. Cumulative impact3.4. Environmental impact per person served3.5. Environmental impact reduction alternatives3.5.1. Replacing the coagulant3.5.2. Replacing NaOH in softening3.5.3. Increasing the run time of activated carbon4. Discussion5. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 41.95153Lifecycle assessment for sustainable design options of a commercial building in Shanghai??Original Research ArticleBuilding and Environment, Volume 45, Issue 6, June 2010, Pages 1415-1421 Nannan Wang, Yen-Chiang Chang, Chris Nunn?Close preview??|?? Related articles??|??Related reference work articles????AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferencesAbstractBuildings are long-lasting products which have huge impacts on the environment during their whole lives. The design of buildings should take into consideration long-term environmental and economic benefits.A life cycle assessment approach is developed and demonstrated in a case study¡ªthe strategic design of a Flagship Store in Shanghai. Industrial practitioners were invited to the feasibility study. Their opinions were included in the life cycle assessment for the first time. The economic analysis takes account of not only the capital costs of the design options but also the running costs during the building's economic life cycle. The methodology adopted is an integrated life cycle assessment process including life cycle costing, multi-criteria decision making and group decision making methods. The workshops are successful in terms of educational opportunity for the practitioners and have obtained good feedbacks. The top 10 sustainable design options after the life cycle assessment process were chosen by the practitioners as the compulsory design strategies in their global environmental development agenda, whilst the other 32 design options as optional design solution for the international retailer's future stores. The life cycle assessment tool demonstrated by a case study was proven to be a simple and efficient design tool in practice, and therefore it can be adopted in other projects to assist the decision makers. Article Outline1. Introduction2. Methodology2.1. The structure of the life cycle assessment tool2.2. Generating design options2.3. Data collection2.4. Multi-criteria decision making3. A case study¡ªlife cycle assessment of a retail store3.1. Generation of the sustainable design ¡®shopping list¡¯3.2. Group decision making at workshops3.3. Cost and risk analysis3.4. Selecting the sustainable design solutions by multi-criteria decision making3.5. Analysis of the result4. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 31.50154Automatic compensation of laser beam focusing parameters for flying optics??Original Research ArticleOptics & Laser Technology, Volume 41, Issue 4, June 2009, Pages 499-503 Da-ping Wan, Xi-chang Liang, Fan-ming Meng, De-jin Hu, Yu-ming Wang, Bing-kui Chen, Yi-min Shao?Close preview??|?? Related articles??|??Related reference work articles????AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferencesAbstractFlying optics technologies are used for a range of applications such as a large workpiece processing and laser texturing. It is essential to compensate the variations of laser beam focus parameters while the focus head is moving. A flying optics automatic compensation approach is proposed to achieve invariable laser focal size, focus depth and focus position through computer controlled objective lens and focus lens position. A simple mechanical control method is also presented for the realization of constant beam parameters for flying optics. Numerical simulation is illustrated for a CO2 laser texturing application. The flying optics parameters compensation is simple and easy to control.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Methodology2.1. Adaptive control method for flying optics2.2. Constant beam parameters control method for flying optics3. Focusing parameters automatic compensation system3.1. Close-looped control system for flying beam3.2. Constant focal beam parameters compensation system4. Material processing application5. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 35.95155A comparative study of the emissions by road maintenance works and the disrupted traffic using life cycle assessment and micro-simulation??Original Research ArticleTransportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Volume 14, Issue 3, May 2009, Pages 197-204Yue Huang, Roger Bird, Margaret Bell?Close preview??|?? Related articles??|??Related reference work articles????AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferencesAbstractLife cycle assessment is being accepted by the road industry to measuresuch key environmental impacts as the energy consumption and carbon footprint of its materials and laying processes. Previous life cycle studies have indicated that the traffic vehicles account for the majority of fuel consumption and emissions from a road. Contractors and road agencies are looking for road maintenance works that have the least overall environmental impact considering both the roadwork itself and the disrupted traffic. We review life cycle assessment studies and describe the development of a model for pavement construction and maintenance, detailing the methodology and data sources. The model is applied to an asphalt pavement rehabilitation project in the UK, and the micro-simulation program VISSIM is used to model the traffic on that road section. The simulation results are fed into a traffic emissions model and emissions from the roadwork and the traffic are compared. The additional fuel consumption and emissions by the traffic during the roadwork are significant. This indicates that traffic management at road maintenance projects should be included in the life cycle assessment analysis of such work.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Methodology3. Development of a LCA model4. Case study ¨C pavement rehabilitation on the A34 road5. Conclusion and recommendationAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 41.95156Measuring the benefits of environmental stewardship in rural landscapes??Original Research ArticleLandscape and Urban Planning, Volume 93, Issue 2, 30 November 2009, Pages 93-102Stefan Hajkowicz, Kerry Collins?Show preview??|?? Related articles??|??Related reference work articles????Purchase$ 41.95157Economic appraisal of universal design in transport: Experiences from Norway??Original Research ArticleResearch in Transportation Economics, Volume 29, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 304-311James Odeck, Trine Hagen, Nils Fearnley?Show preview??|?? Related articles??|??Related reference work articles????Purchase$ 41.95158Building energy performance: A LCA case study of kenaf-fibres insulation board??Original Research ArticleEnergy and Buildings, Volume 40, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 1-10Fulvio Ardente, Marco Beccali, Maurizio Cellura, Marina Mistretta?Close preview??|?? Related articles??|??Related reference work articles????AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferencesAbstractThe paper presents a life cycle assessment of a kenaf-fibre insulation board following the international standards of the ISO 14040 series. Each life-cycle step has been checked, from kenaf production and board manufacture by an Italian firm, to use and disposal.The aim is to assess the board eco-profile and to compare, on the basis of a life-cycle approach, the energy and environmental benefits and drawbacks related to its employment into a typical residential dwelling.A comparison among various insulating materials has been carried out. The study focuses also on processes and input materials which cause the main environmental impacts of the product, and points out critical issues and the life-cycle steps with the highest improvement potentials.Article Outline1. Introduction2. The relevance of thermal insulation in the building energy performance3. Biomaterials requirements in sustainable buildings4. Case study: kenaf-fibre board4.1. Goal and scope definition4.2. Kenaf properties4.3. Functional unit4.4. Description of the production system4.5. Definition of the system boundaries4.6. Quality of data and inventory phase4.6.1. Allocation4.6.2. Results4.7. Impact assessment4.8. Comparison with other insulation materials5. Sensitivity analysis6. Environmental benefits during building operation7. ConclusionReferencesVitaePurchase$ 35.95159Mono- and multi-objective planning of electrical distribution networks using particle swarm optimization??Original Research Article Applied Soft Computing, Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 2391-2405 S. Ganguly, N.C. Sahoo, D. Das?Close preview??|?? Related articles??|??Related reference work articles????AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferencesAbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive study on mono- and multi-objective approaches for electrical distribution network design using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Specifically, two distribution network design problems, i.e., static and expansion planning, are solved using PSO. The network planning involves optimization of both network topology and branch conductor sizes. Both the planning problems a re used to illustrate mono- and multi-objective optimization of distribution networks. Firstly, three PSO variants, i.e., PSO with inertia weight (PSO-IW), PSO with constriction factor (PSO-CF), and comprehensive learning PSO, are evaluated on a mono-objective (minimization of total cost of installation and energy loss) static planning problem. A novel encoding/decoding technique is devised to represent the network as a particle in PSO. Also, a heuristics based branch conductor size selection algorithm has been developed and used. Statistical tests performed to compare the performances of the three PSO variants reveal that the PSO-CF exhibits relatively better performance. Subsequently, the PSO-CF is applied for mono-objective expansion planning and multi-objective static and expansion planning problems. In the multi-objective planning with two conflicting objectives (total cost of installation and energy loss, and total non-delivered energy), the Pareto-optimality principle based tradeoff is done using the strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm-2. The efficiency of PSO for distribution system planning problem, in general, is demonstrated through different examples.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Mono- and multi-objective planning models for electrical distribution systems3. Particle swarm optimization and its variants3.1. PSO with constriction factor (CF-PSO) [26]3.2. PSO with inertia weight (IW-PSO) [27]3.3. Comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) [28]4. Mono-objective planning of electrical distribution systems using PSO4.1. Development of planning algorithm4.1.1. Proposed particle encoding scheme4.1.2. Proposed decoding scheme4.1.3. Conductor size selection algorithm4.1.4. Constraint handling techniques4.1.5. Complete mono-objective planning algorithm4.1.6. Conductor replacement algorithm4.2. Computer simulation results and analysis4.2.1. Results of mono-objective static planning4.2.2. Results of mono-objective expansion planning5. Multi-objective distribution system planning using PSO5.1. Pareto-optimality and multi-objective planning algorithm5.1.1. Pareto-optimality principle [31]5.1.2. SPEA2-based fitness assignment and elite preserving schemes 5.1.3. Complete multi-objective planning algorithm5.2. Computer simulation results and analysis5.2.1. Results of multi-objective static planning5.2.2. Results of multi-objective expansion planning6. Qualitative performance comparison with other evolutionary algorithms7. ConclusionAppendix A. AppendixReferencesPurchase$ 31.50160Compliance with institutional imperatives on environmental sustainability: Building theory on the role of Green IS??Original Research ArticleThe Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Volume 20, Issue 1, March 2011, Pages 6-26Tom Butler?Close preview??|?? Related articles??|??Related reference work articles????AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables |ReferencesReferencesAbstractAddressing the complexity of the growing number of regulatory imperatives from global institutional environments has prompted firms in the IT sector to leverage the enabling effects of IT-based systems to help manage environmental compliance and related organisational risks. Thus, a new breed of IS¡ªGreen IS¡ªemerged in recent years. This paper presents an integrative theoretical model that: (1) employs institutional theory to help explain how a range of exogenous regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive factors from the institutional environment and the organisational field influence IT manufacturers¡¯ decisions on the design and manufacture of environmentally sustainable products; and (2) uses organisational theory to describe the strategic endogenous arrangements that organisations institute using Green IS in order to support sense-making, decision making and knowledge creation around environmental sustainability. The paper employs the findings of a case study of Compliance and Risks¡¯ Ltd. Compliance-to-Product (C2P) application and its implementation in two US-based Fortune 500 IT manufacturers to help validate and refine the a priori theoretical model. The paper therefore makes a significant contribution to theory building on the phenomenon of Green IS, through its articulation of empirically-based theoretical propositions which employ conceptual mechanisms to explain how Green IS can support organisational sense-making, decision making and knowledge sharing and creation around the design and manufacture of Green IT.Article Outline1. Introduction1.1. Green IS and the design and manufacture of Green IT1.2. Theoretical proposition and related research questions2. Institutional environments and organisational responses: integrating institutional theory with organisation theory2.1. Influences from the institutional environment and organisational field on IT manufacturing organisations2.1.1. Regulative influences impacting environmental sustainability through Green IT/IS2.1.2. Normative pressures for Green IT/IS2.1.3. Cultural-cognitive pressures for environmental sustainability 2.1.4. A theoretical proposition on Green IS2.2. On the relationship between sense-making, knowledge sharing and decision making and the organisational responses to influences from the institutional environment3. Research method4. Enabling environmental sustainability with Green IS: A case study 4.1. The emergence of the Compliance-to-Product (C2P) application4.2. Enabling sense-making with C2P4.2.1. Problems with Sense-Making at Lincoln Inc. and Jefferson Inc 4.2.2. Solving the sense-making problems at Lincoln Inc. and Jefferson Inc.4.3. Providing support for decision making with C2P4.3.1. Enhancing decision making at Lincoln Inc. and Jefferson Inc.4.4. Supporting knowledge sharing and creating activities with C2P 4.4.1. Support for knowledge sharing and creation at Lincoln Inc. and Jefferson Inc.5. Discussion and conclusions5.1. Implications of the empirical findings for this study¡¯s integrative theoretical modelAppendix A. AppendixReferencesPurchase$ 35.95。
