dl7011999火力发电厂热工自动化术语

火力发电厂常用术语锅炉boiler 汽包锅炉drum type boiler 直流锅炉once-through boiler低倍率循环锅炉low circulation boiler自然循环汽包锅炉natural circulation drum boiler 炉膛furnace 磨煤机coalmill/pulverizer烟道gas duct/flue 过热器superheater 再热器reheater 省煤器economizer 分离器separator蒸发受热面evaporating heated surface 顶棚penthouse 热管heat pipe 烟气flue gas 飞灰fly ash煤粉coal powder/pulverized coal 设计煤种design coal 原煤仓coal bunker 给煤机coal feeder输煤皮带coal belt 燃烧器burner 水冷壁water wall 膜式水冷壁membrane furnace wall点燃ignition 四角燃烧corner firing 制粉系统pulverizing system 热风hot air 冷风cold air温风warm air 一次(二次)风机primary/secondary fan 引风机ID=induced draft fan送风机FD=forced draft fan 平衡通风balanced draft 烟气脱硫FGD=flue gas desulfurization受控循环controlled circulation 强制循环forced circulation 锅炉保护模拟实验boiler protective烟气再循环gas recirculation 排粉机exhauster 粗粉分离器classifier 旋风分离器cyclone separator空气预热器air preheater 旋转式空预器regenerative type air-heater 安全燃烧safe combustion煤粉细度coal fineness 硬煤hard coal 褐煤brown coal 贫煤lean coal 无烟煤coal stone烟煤rich gas coal 结焦carbonate re 热值heat rate 发热量calorific value 燃烧率heat release rate磨煤机轴瓦mill pad 吹灰器sootblower 低温过热器primary superheater 高温过热器final superheater屏式过热器platen superheater 减温器desuperheater 挡板damper (flue gas damper)炉膛正压a pressured furnace炉膛负压furnace draft 油枪试验burner test 过剩空气excess combustion air/excess air 固态排查dry bottom 液态排查wet bottom 风箱wind-box汽轮机turbine 汽机房the turbine house 高压缸high pressurecasing=HP-casing/cylinder低压缸low pressure casing=LP-casing/cylinder 中压缸intermediate pressure casing=IP-casing/cylinder蒸汽vapor/steam 合格蒸汽qualified steam 高温/压hightemperature/pressure出口干度exit quality =top dryness 蒸汽带水carryout 调速系统governing system给水feed water 流量flow rate 补给水make-up water 循环水circulating water 冷却水cooling water凝结水condensate 疏水drain 疏水箱drain tank 汽动泵turbo-pump 电动泵motor-driven pump主给水阀main feed water valve 旁路阀bypass valve 主蒸汽压力main steam pressure主汽温throttle temperature超压overpressure除氧器de-aerator 低压加热器L.P. heater 高压加热器H.P. heater凝汽系统condensation 凝汽器condenser 凝结泵condensate pump 热井hot well 再循环门recirculating背压back pressure 抽汽extraction steam 抽汽压extraction pressure 低真空low vacuum排汽门air vent valve 排汽压exhaust pressure 电动主汽门motor –driven boiler main stop valve轴封冷却器gland steam condenser 进水intake 盘车装置turning gear动/静叶片moving /stator blade 动叶可调adjustable rotor blade 大轴main/basic shaft 跳闸trip冲转an impulse start 紧急停机emergency stop 跳闸停机emergencytrip 透平油turbine oil超临界supercritical 亚临界sub-critical发电机generator 汽轮发电机turbo-generator 励磁机exciter 并列in parallel 解列parallel off发电机冷却generator cooling 氢压表hydrogen pressure meter 润滑油lubricating oil 密封油sealing oil漏油oil leakage润滑油泵lubricating pump 密封油泵sealing pump 断路器circuit breaker仪表班the instrument gang /the meter gang 仪表工meter repairer 高级工程师senior engineer实习生trainee worker 安规safety regulations/rules 操作(运行)人员operator汽机(锅炉)巡视turbine/boiler inspector 车间主任workshop director 司机turbine driver 司炉fireman值班shift 助手assistant 班长fore man 当值on (the ) shift 轮班turn 操作规程operation regulation检修工repairman 热工thermal engineering 技术员technician 主任manager 锅炉班the boiler gang汽机班the turbine gang 管道班the pipe gang 热工调节班the thermal governing section电力工业power industry/electric power industry 装机容量installed capacity 兆瓦MG=megawatt10亿千瓦时TWH=terawatt hour 兆伏安MVA=megavolt ampere 高峰负荷peak load低谷负荷valley load 电力网络(电网)power network / electric power network 输电线路(electric power)transmission 厂用电auxiliary power火力发电厂(站)thermal power plant(station) 水力发电厂(站)hydro(electric) power plant(station)抽水蓄能电厂pumped storage power plant 燃煤发电厂coal-fired power plant燃煤蒸汽发电厂coal-fired steam-electric power plant。

☿࡯থϹॖ⛁ᎹႮࡼ࣪ᴃ᪱DL/T701-1999থᜬᯊⒸ:2002-1-15Ё ढҎ ⇥ ݅੠ ೑Ϲ࡯ ᜐ Ϯ ᷛ ޚ࡯থϹॖThermopower automation-vocabularyfor fossil fired power plant2000-02-24থᏗ2000-07-01ЁढҎ⇥݅੠೑೑ᆊথᏗࠡᣄϹ࡯ᎹϮᾬ[1995]44Ϲ࡯ᜐϮᷛޚᩥՈᅝՈDŽˈ៥೑☿࡯থϹॖՈৡDŽϵՈ೑ᆊˈּՈৡˈ಴ˈᕜDŽЎ೑┉ǃ೑ݙՈѸˈᔶՈᩨ੠ˊˈේᷛޚDŽᷛޚՈ෎Ё“੠Ҿᜬ”ՈᾬGB/T13983-92੠GB/T13283-91ՈᴵDŽ ᷛޚՈ┈AՈ┈DŽᷛޚϵϹ࡯ᎹϮᾬᷛޚ࣪DŽ ᷛޚ᰻˖Ё೑ϹᴎЁᖗDŽ ҎDŽ Ϲ࡯ᎹϮᾬᷛޚ࣪DŽֲ⃵ࠡ ᇇᓩϬᷛޚ෎ᴀᴃ☿࡯থϬᴃ┈$˄ᦤ߾Ո┈˅ ᆵᴀᷛޚᢈ࡯থϬՈᴃˈৃᩥǃᅝǃˊ਍ᮍՈ᭛ӊϬ᪱DŽϟ߫ޚ᠔Ոᴵ᭛ˈỞ೼ᴀᷛޚЁϬ໐ᵘ៤ᴀᷛޚՈᴵ᭛DŽᴀޚߎČᯊˈ᠔߾ČᴀഛDŽ᠔ޚ῁ˈՓϬᴀᷛޚՈ৘Ϭϟ߫ޚ᳔ᴀՈৃDŽ*ˋ7 ü Ꮉ⌟ₓ੠᥻ࠊϬẔ⌟Ҿᜬ੠ᰒ߾Ҿᜬஂܲᑺ਍൫ *ˋ7 ü Ҿ఼Ҿᜬ෎ᴀᴃˊ Ⴎ D₋ϬẔ⌟ϢࠊிඣˈᇍϣˈҹҷՈᮑDŽᇍ☿࡯থˈᰃ࡯ϣ࡯থࠊՈᘏDŽ೼ϔѯĀҾᜬϢࠊā Lˈ , DŽˊ ˊ ⛁ D₋ϬẔ⌟Ϣࠊிඣᇍ☿࡯থՈ⛁࡯ϣˈҹҷՈ᥾ᮑDŽˊ ˊ Ϲ H D₋ϬẔ⌟Ϣࠊிඣᇍ☿࡯থՈথˈҹҷՈ᥾ᮑѠ V GD DŽˊ ˊ ẋ S D₋ϬẔ⌟ϢࠊிඣᇍϣˈҹҷՈ᥾ᮑDŽ ˊ ˊ ܼ Z S Dᭈਃࡼǃ᫇ǃذᴎϢˊঞՈₑਃࡼ਍᪡ˊ ˊ ֕ PᢆඣঞՈẔখ᭄ঞˈҹܲখ᭄੠źˈẔߎϡখ᭄੠źDŽЏ⌟ₓிඣՈϔϾ៪໮বₓᑊᇚᝯ⌟ؐϢؐՈDŽˊ ˊ ֕ VᇍϣՈ֕੠᥻ࠊDŽ◄ᯊˈẜࣙՈᅝᡸ᪡DŽ ˊ ˊ ▊ඣF G P V▊ඣϵ఼ǃবễ఼ঞᩥਜ਼ᴎϢՈ໪ඈ៤ˈᰃϔⒸ៪ᭈՈ᠔Ոখ᭄▊ࠊ֜ ৄ ϞՈҾᜬ៪& খᢅ ˊ ˊ ˊ Ϟ߾ˈҹ֓ؐʱˊ៪ᇍϣࠊDŽˊ ˊ ிඣᎹ HிඣᎹඣՈֲՈˈ໐ᇍிඣᇍᬥᵘ៤௤ǃඈᵘǃǃ᥻ࠊᴎᵘ਍ẟ੠᪂ᩥՈDŽϔՈࠊᇍᬥඣˈϬᑊՈඈ៤Ո݋Ո᳝ᴎᭈDŽ໐ඣᴀẜᰃՈϔϾඣՈඈ៤DŽˊ ⌟ₓϢᜬ P D G Lˊ ˊ ⌟ₓ PҹܲₓؐЎՈՈ᪡DŽˊ ˊ >⌟Ո@ₓ >@Tৃ៪ᅮₓܲՈϔᬥˈЎ៪Ոˊ ˊ >ₓ@ؐ Y > D @ϬϔϾ᭄੠ϔϾᔧՈ⌟ₓᜬ߾Ոₓˈབ Pǃ ǃϔ ਍DŽ ˊ ˊ বₓ Y݊ؐৃব⌟ߎՈₓ៪źDŽˊ ˊ বₓ L Y఼ҾᜬՈবₓDŽˊ ˊ ߎবₓ R Yϵ఼ҾᜬߎՈবₓDŽˊ ˊ ᝯ⌟বₓ P G Y⌟ₓՈবₓDŽᝯ⌟বₓỞ⏽ᑺǃ࡯ǃₓǃᑺ਍DŽ ˊ ˊ ᝯ⌟ؐ P G Y೼ᢈᴵӊՈⒸˈϵ⌟ₓញՈˈᑊҹ᭄ؐ੠⌟ₓᜬ߾Ոₓؐˊ ˊ >఼ҾᜬՈ@߾ؐ L GL> D P L@ Ҿ఼Ҿᜬ᠔Ոᝯ⌟ₓՈؐDŽˊ ˊ >ₓؐ@ףؐ W Y> D @ᜬ߾ℷ೼ₓᯊ᠔ᴵӊϟՈₓՈؐDŽ⊼˖ₓՈףؐᰃϔϾˊˈϔޚܲՈˈỞϬףؐᴹףؐDŽˊ ˊ >ₓՈ@൪ףؐ F W Y > D @ ЎϔᅮՈৃҹҷףؐՈₓؐDŽ⊼˖ ˊϔˈףؐᝯףؐՈˈᇍѢϔᅮՈϬˈؐৃᩥDŽˊϔϾₓՈĀףؐāˈϔϬՈஂܲᑺՈҾᜬ੠ᮍDŽˊ ˊ Hᝯ⌟বₓՈᝯ⌟ؐ੠ף᭄ؐDŽ⊼˖ ˊᔧ⌟ؐףؐᯊˈ˙⌟ؐϔףؐDŽˊᔧᜬ៪ញՈ᭄ߎᯊˈᖙᜬ៪ញՈޚDŽˊ ˊ ߾ؐ H R L GL ҾᜬՈ߾ؐ⌟ₓՈ ףؐDŽ ˊ ˊ ᓩϬ GX HҾᜬՈ߾ؐҹᢈؐˈᑊҹ᭄ᜬ߾DŽˊ ˊ ᇍ HҾᜬՈ߾ؐҹᝯ⌟ₓՈ ףؐˈᑊҹ᭄ᜬ߾DŽˊ ˊ ෎ᴀ L H೼খ↨ᴵӊϟҾᜬՈ߾ؐDŽˊ ˊ ޚ ஂ ܲᑺ DҾᜬ߾ؐϢ⌟ₓ ףؐՈϔᑺDŽˊ ˊ ޚ ஂ ܲᑺ਍൫ D FҾᜬޚ ஂ ܲᑺՈ਍൫DŽˊ ˊ V೼ᢈՈᎹᴵӊϟˈҾᜬ៪ញ೼ᢈᯊⒸݙবՈ࿁࡯DŽ ˊ ˊ Ẕ⌟Ҿᜬ P L੠⌟ₓՈҾᜬDŽҹᰃবễ఼ǃӴ఼៪Ⴎߎӊ੠ᰒ߾ញՈҾᜬDŽˊ ˊ Ẕߎӊ VˈGH GHߎ఼ˈ᳝ᯊӊDŽָ⌟বₓˈᑊᇚḰᤶ⌟ₓՈՈӊ៪఼ӊDŽবₓ੠ẔߎӊߎⒸՈ݇ՈˈϡবDŽ ˊ ˊ Ӵ఼ W GXᛳ⌟ₓˈᑊϔᅮᇚ݊Ḱᤶ៪ՈߎₓՈҾᜬDŽ ᳝ՈӴ఼ˈˊɴᬥՈᗻՈˈབ˖⏽ᑺӴ఼ˈǃᑺǃᑺǃᑺӴ఼ˈₑₓǃ࡯ǃ࡯఼ˈ఼DŽˊ ˊ বễ఼ WߎᷛޚՈӴ఼DŽবễ఼ৃˈབ˖⏽ᑺবễ఼ǃ࡯বễ఼ǃবễ఼ǃₓবễ఼ǃবễ఼ǃবễ఼ǃবễ఼ǃḰợবễ఼ǃϹবễ఼ǃবễ఼਍DŽˊ ˊ বễ఼V Wញᖂˊ఼Ոবễ఼ˈৃᇍ⌟ₓؐẟ᭄ˊ ࣙ ˈߎޚ῵ᢳ੠ˋ៪᭄ˈ݋੠Ⴎ࡯Ոবễ఼DŽ ˊ ˊ ᩥ ᜬ P⌟ₓ੠߾ᝯ⌟ؐՈញDŽϔϬ៪᭄߾খ᭄ؐՈࢴĀᜬāDŽ ᩥ ᜬ Ϭˈབ⌕ₓᩥǃ⏽ᑺᩥǃ࡯ᜬDŽ ˊ ˊ ᰒ߾ҾᜬGL Lᰒ߾ ߾ǃ਍ ᝯ⌟ₓؐՈҾᜬDŽˊ ˊ ߾Ҿᜬ L GLˈL GL L߾ᝯ⌟ₓؐ៪݊݇ؐՈᰒ߾ҾᜬDŽˊ ˊ ᜬ U GHˈU GL L⌟ₓؐ៪݊݇ؐՈᰒ߾ҾᜬDŽˊ ˊ ᜬ L L೼ᯊⒸˈ῁߾ϔᢈᯊⒸࠄ᭄ᯊⒸՈᝯ⌟বₓᩥؐՈᰒ߾ҾᜬDŽˊ ᥻ࠊ FᇍϣՈ᪂ ǃǃϹᴎǃϹ਍ࠊӊ ẟՈ ᓔǃ݇ǃਃǃذ DŽˊ ˊ ႮࠊD F៪Ⓒ᥹ࠊӊՈ᥻ࠊDŽˊ ˊ ࠊ P Fϵᴎᴎᵘ៪݊ࠊӊՈ᥻ࠊDŽ ˊ ˊ ᓔɳࠊ R O Fߎবₓϡᴀࠊ԰ϬՈ᥻ࠊDŽ῵ᢳᓔɳࠊ໪ˈẜ᳝੠ࠊ਍݊DŽˊ ˊ ࠊ ࠊ F G O F᥻ࠊ԰ϬবₓՈ᥻ࠊDŽˊ ˊ ᅮؐ᥻ࠊ F Z G VüSࠊDŽՓবₓֱᴀՈࠊDŽˊ ˊ বᅮؐ᥻ࠊF Z Y VüSՓবₓՈᅮؐব࣪ՈࠊDŽˊ ˊ ࠡࠊ G G FᇚϔϾ៪໮ᇍᝯবₓՈźՈḰᤶҹ໪Ո┈ϬՈ᥻ࠊDŽ ࠊ԰ϬՓবₓϢؐՈDŽℸϬৃᮑ೼ᓔɳ៪ࠊϞDŽˊ ˊ ൫᥻ࠊ F GH FЏࠊ఼ՈߎবₓᰃϔϾ៪໮ࠊ఼Ոখ↨বₓՈ᥻ࠊDŽ ˊ ˊ ࠊ WüS FՈব࣪ˈߎᓔ៪݇ϸՈ᥻ࠊDŽ ˊ ˊ ῵எࠊ FᇚՈஂܲₓḰ῵எₓˈ῵எˊ੠ˈߎஂܲₓՈࠊDŽˊ ˊ Ⴎࠊ D GD F₋ϬႮՈᮍব᥻ࠊᢈ៪ ੠ ᪂খ᭄਍ˈҹࠊிඣᗻՈࠊDŽˊ ˊ ᳔ࠊ R F೼ᢈՈᑺϟˈՓՈ᥻ࠊDŽˊ ˊ Ⴎࠊ VüW FᇍẋՈᔧՈ៪᳔ՈᗻˈႮࠊ఼ᭈখ᭄Ո᥻ࠊDŽˊ ˊ ࠊ O FỞᓔ݇ₓᓔ݇ₓߎՈ᥻ࠊDŽˊ ˊ ࠊ V FϔϔிՈ᥻ࠊDŽˊ ˊ ᭄ָࠊ GL GL F ''Ϭᩥਜ਼ᴎҷࠊ఼ঞࠊញˈָᇍϣՈ᥻ࠊDŽ᭄ָࠊᰃᩥਜ਼ᴎ᥻ࠊՈ ϔˈϔ൫ᩥਜ਼ᴎ᥻ࠊிඣՈϔ൫ˈϬᖂൟᩥਜ਼ᴎ៪ᖂˊ఼ᴹ˗ᩥ ਜ਼ᴎᩥਜ਼੠᪂ඣՈؐDŽˊ ˊ Ⴎࠊிඣ D F Vϵᇍᬥ੠᥻ࠊញᵘ៤Ոˈ࿁ᇍᝯᇍᬥՈᎹࠊՈிඣDŽ᥻ࠊញ੠ᝯ ᥻ᇍᬥПⒸՈ੠Ϭᵘ៤ࠊிඣՈẔDŽϔϬ᭄ े᭄῵ൟ ˈϬᩥਜ਼ᴎ ᭄ᴎঞ῵ᢳᴎ ẟ᭄῵ᢳˈ៪ᇚᩥਜ਼ᴎϢ῵ᢳDŽˊ ˊ ࠊிඣ F F VₓᰃₓǃߎₓгₓՈ᥻ࠊிඣDŽ೼ඣЁˈϡӊˈ৘ඈ៤ӊ Ոߎₓ῁ₓՈ᭄DŽˊ ˊ ࠊிඣ GL F Vₓᰃₓ៪ₓˈ໐ߎₓᰃₓՈ᥻ࠊிඣDŽிඣЁӊˈϔ ࠊிඣ ఼ࣙ ੠ࠊிඣ ࣙӊ DŽˊ ˊ ᴎᵘ DˈD Hᇚ᥻ࠊবЎՈᴎᵘDŽ੠ָˈՈࡼ࡯ Ϲ੠⇨ᴎᵘDŽˊ ˊ ᫇ᴎᵘ U Hϵᴎᵘব᪡বₓՈᴎᵘˈབࠊǃ਍DŽ ˊ ˊ ᥻ࠊ F YDŽ ϵࠊᴎᵘ᫇ՈˈҹবₓՈ᫇ᴎᵘDŽˊ ᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣF Vˊ ˊ ϔ J Yˊ ˊ ˊ Ϲᩥਜ਼ᴎ H F࿁੠਍ₓẔՈϹDŽᑓϬѢᩥਜ਼ǃ᭄ˊ੠Ⴎࠊ਍ᮍDŽỞ఼ǃ᥻ࠊ఼ǃ఼ঞߎ੠ᰒ߾᪂਍ඈ៤DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄ᩥਜ਼ᴎ GL F₋Ϭᜬ߾᭄ˈϬਜ਼੠ᇍ᭄ՈϹᩥᴎDŽỞ఼ǃ᥻ࠊញǃݙᄬ఼੠໪਍ඈ៤DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᖂˊ఼ P₋Ϭ῵៪῵ࠊ԰ՈЁˊ & ˈᖂ>ൟ@ᩥਜ਼ᴎՈӊˈᅠ੠᥻ࠊDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᖂ>ൟ@ᩥਜ਼ᴎ P݋ҹՈᩥਜ਼ᴎDŽҹᖂˊ఼Ўˈҹ῵Ո఼ǃߎ᥹੠݊ᵘ៤ՈDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᖂ>ൟ@ᩥਜ਼ᴎ V G PᴎDŽ೼ϔࠊϹᖂ>ൟ@ᩥਜ਼ᴎ৘ӊՈᩥਜ਼ᴎDŽϔ֜԰ˈᑊ᭄߾఼ҹᰒ߾࣏៪᭄DŽˊ ˊ ˊ Ꮉࠊᴎ S F݋Ո῵ᢳ੠ ៪ ᭄᭄Ո࿁࡯ˈᑊ῵੠ ៪ ᭄ࠊˈҹᅲࠊ੠ ៪ ֕Ո᭄ᩥਜ਼ᴎDŽՈ˖ǃᡫᑆᡄ࡯ᔎˈ࿁ˈᯊ᥻ࠊՈᡅˈ᳝Ոẋབ˖῵ᢳₓǃᓔ݇ₓǃ᭄ₓǃₓǃ᭄ₓߎǃᓔ݇ₓߎঞüᴎỞ਍DŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ῵ӊ P GXඈញՈӊӊˈϔҹඈՈᷛޚՈӊDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄ GD᳝˖D Ϭᜬ߾ǃ៪ˈҹ៪ႮǃḰᤶ៪໘ˊDŽǃ៪Ոϔ៪Ⴎǃ៪໘ˊՈՈᜬ߾DŽˊ ˊ ˊ L೼᭄ˊЁˈҹϔᅮՈ᭄ՈDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᥹ Lϵǃ੠ՈDŽ೼ᩥਜ਼ᴎЁˈ᥹Ոӊ ࣙᩥਜ਼ᴎ৘Ⓒǃᩥਜ਼ᴎᩥਜ਼ᴎⒸҹঞᩥਜ਼ᴎϢඣⒸՈ ˈ៪៪Ոᩥਜ਼ᴎ࣏Ո఼៪఼ՈϔᾬDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᘏඃᡞ ៪࿁ₓ ՈഄՈỞDŽӊⒸՈඃˈᰃ᭄Ոϔ᭄ՈϔՈᘏDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄ GD Kϔᴵ᭄ඃՈঝⒸӴՈᘏDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄ GD QϔϾ᭄੠ϔϾ៪໮᭄ⒸӴՈDŽϔϾ᭄ҹϔϾ៪໮᭄ˈՈ៪ϡՈ៤DŽ᭄᭄Ոঝݙඈ៤DŽˊ ˊ ˊ O D Q $ϔ೼Ϭˈ೼᳝ݙϬѢ᭄ঝⒸẟ᭄Ո᭄DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄ GD೼ᩥਜ਼ᴎˊՈ༘݇Ո᭄Ո▊DŽϔϾ᭄Ոϔᾬ៪ܼˈᑊϔϾඈ៤DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ҎᴎỞ PüP FᴎᇍDŽᰃᩥਜ਼ᴎ੠᭄˗ᩥਜ਼ᴎỞ߾ញᇚ໘ˊ੠᥻ࠊ߾ߎᴹDŽЎᴎỞˈᑨࠊǃՈӊDŽˊ ˊ ˊ X W៪ࢴᴎ᥹ P L DŽỞϬϬᴹᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣẟՈǃߎ᪂DŽབ˖ᴎǃ֜Ոᰒ߾఼ǃՈ߾఼਍DŽˊ ˊ ˊ LˈV₋Ϭᖂˊ఼ˈϵݙࠊՈǃ݋᭄੠ϔᅮᩥਜ਼ՈDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ᓔඣ R Vޚẟˈ࿁ᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣՈϔᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ӊ Vᩥਜ਼ᴎՈிඣ࣏ǃϬ࣏ǃ᪡ඣঞ᭄ˊ੠᥻ࠊ᳝݇ՈᴀᘏDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ӊ V V೼࣏ࠊẋˈࣙᩥǃẔǃϬՈᎹ݋DŽབࠊՈ᪡ඣ੠᪱ˊிඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᑨϬӊ D VЎϬϬՈӊˈབ᭄ˊǃ᥻ࠊ਍ᑨϬӊDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ӊ K GZᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣЁՈᘏDŽབǃ῵ӊǃߎỞǃ఼਍DŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ӊᅠՈ῵ഫ఼ӊDŽ খᢅ ˊ ˊ ˊ ᴵˊ ˊ ੠ V D G GLˊ ˊ ˊ VϔϾ៪খ᭄ᜬ߾ՈϔϾ៪বₓՈՈˊবₓDŽখ᭄ࢴՈĀখ᭄āDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄GL Vখ᭄ᜬɴϬ᭄ᜬ߾ՈϔඈؐЁՈDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ῵ᢳ D Vখ᭄ᜬɴݙؐՈDŽˊ ˊ ˊ GL೼ᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣЁˈЎᇍϣՈ֕੠᪡ˈ೼߾఼ খᢅ ˊ ˊ ˊ ϞՈ ৘߾DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᘏ R GLᜬ߾ᝯᇍᬥ੠᪂ǃখ᭄៪᥻ࠊிඣՈDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ẋ S GLᜬ߾ϔᝯᇍᬥՈϣǃ᪂੠খ᭄ՈDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᥻ࠊ F G Lᜬ߾ẋবₓՈ⌟ؐǃ᪂ؐǃؐǃߎؐ੠ᭈখ᭄ҹঞ਍ՈϔDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᡹ᨪϿ D GLࠊߎՈẋ᡹ᨪՈˈҹϡՈ៪ϡՈ߾᡹ᨪՈϔDŽỞ ˈ᪡ҹᮍϔϾ៪ϔ᡹ᨪDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᅲᯊ UüW W G GLϔᅮՈ₋ᯊⒸ བ ˈᇚϔᯊⒸⒸ བ ݙখ᭄Ո᭄ˈ఼Ёˈ ᑊҹඃ߾ՈϔDŽˊ ˊ ˊ K W G GLϔᅮՈ₋ᯊⒸ བ P ˈᇍϡՈখ᭄ẟᯊⒸ བ G ₋఼Ёˈ೼◄ ᡅᯊˈৃҹ᫇ߎᯊⒸݙՈ᭄ˈҹඃ߾ՈϔDŽˊ ˊ ˊ Ⴎ᡹ᨪϿ V GL D GLᇍẋࠊঝǃ᪡ঝǃỞ਍ẟˈᔧᯊᰒ߾݊ՈϔDŽˊ ˊ ˊ F GLҹᜬ߾ϔඈখ᭄ བᴎ⏽ᑺ ՈDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᓔ GL Z GRᇚՈϔ߾೼ˈҹ֓ՈDŽ ˊ ˊ ˋߎ LˋR ,ˋˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄ₓ GL L ',ϡՈ᭄ₓˈгᓔ݇ₓ RüR L DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ῵ᢳₓ D L $,ব࣪ՈˊₓDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄ₓߎ GL R 'ϡՈ᭄ₓՈߎˈгᓔ݇ₓߎ RüR R DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ῵ᢳₓߎ D R $ব࣪ՈˊₓՈߎDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ₓ S L ,ϡՈₓՈDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ₓߎ S RϡՈₓՈߎDŽˊ ˊ ˊ GHˈL X೼᭄ˊிඣЁ᭄ℸඣՈϔDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ߎ᪂ R GHˈR X೼᭄ˊிඣЁඣễߎ᭄ՈϔDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ߎ᪂ LüR GHˈLüR X ೼᭄ˊிඣЁϬᴹᇚ᭄ඣˈ៪ඣ᥹᭄ˈ៪Ո᪂DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ẋߎỞ S LˋR FDŽָՈ੠ߎӊՈᘏDŽӊᇚᝯখ᭄ བ⏽ᑺǃ࡯ǃₓˈ ǃǃ៤ˈˈ਍ Ո῵ᢳₓǃ᭄ₓǃᓔ݇ₓǃₓ੠ ਍ˈḰᤶࠊᩥਜ਼ᴎ᠔Ո᭄ₓˈᑊࠊᩥਜ਼ᴎߎՈ᭄ₓḰ ࠊ᠔ՈˊₓDŽˊ ˊ ໪ S Hᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣЁ੠Џ఼ߚՈ݊ՈᘏDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᴎ Sϔߎ᪂ˈᇚᩥਜ਼ᴎߎǃ೼Ո᪂DŽˊ ˊ ˊ K G FD ៪೼ᰒ߾ញՈDŽᩥਜ਼ᴎՈߎ៪೼ˈָՈ᭄ӊ ᡹ਞǃᜬ DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ῵ˋ᭄ǃ᭄ˋ῵Ḱᤶ఼ $ˋ'ǃ'ˋ$ FᇚՈ῵ᢳₓ བ˖ǃϹ਍ ḰᤶՈ᭄ₓᑊḰᤶՈ᪂DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ֜ Gϔඈ᳝Ոᵘ៤Ոញˈ᭄݊੠Ոˈᑊᇚ݊੠ЏᴎDŽˊ ˊ ˊ֜ϞՈϔࠊˈҹ᪂ǃ៪ᅠϔϾՈDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄֜ϞՈϔDŽᔧᅗϬᯊˈৃҹᅲ᭄ǃՈ៪ᅠDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ߾఼F GH U W &៪ࢴ߾఼ Y GR GL Xˈ'8 DŽᩥਜ਼ᴎߎՈᰒ߾఼ˈৃҹᰒ߾ǃᜬǃ᪱਍ˈỞϬඃ߾DŽᰒ߾఼ϟ┈ ᪂֜៪ǃ఼਍ˈϬ៪੠ᰒ߾఼ᴎᇍDŽˊ ˊ ˊ O SӊՈ⌟ញDŽϬѢ⌟ᰒ߾఼Ոˊˈᩥਜ਼ᴎᑊᇍՈ ǃ៪DŽˊ ˊ ˊ W᥻ࠊᰒ߾఼ϞՈϔDŽỞˈ᥻ࠊՈᮍDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ఼ Pᩥਜ਼ᴎՈϔ఼ˈỞ೼ϔᜬ☦DŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ Ꮉঝ H VկࠊᎹϬՈˈᇍᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣẟඈᗕǃǃׂ਍ՈঝDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ᪡ঝ R VկϬՈϔࠊৄDŽᰃᩥਜ਼ᴎⒸՈҎᴎ᥹ˈϔϾ߾఼ˈẜ ࣙϔϾ៪໮ˈབ⏲֜ǃ៪਍DŽ ˊ ˊ ᩥਜ਼ᴎ֕ Vˊ ˊ ˊ ᩥਜ਼ᴎ֕ඣ F P Vᇍϣখ᭄៪᪂⌟ˈᑊˊৢ߾ǃǃ᡹ᨪՈᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣDŽϬ ѢࠊிඣՈϔᾬᯊࢴĀ᭄ඣā GDˈ'$ DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᩥਜ਼ᴎ֕ඣ F V VᇚϣՈখ᭄ǃᝯᇍᬥ⌟໘ˊˈᑊՈࠊᢈǃࠊ Ոᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄ GD Dᇚᩥਜ਼੠੥ˊẋҹঞࠊЁՈ᭄ҹ₋ˈḰᤶ᭄ᔧˊՈẋDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄ˊ GD Sᇍ᭄ඣՈ᪡ˈབඃǃ਍DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄ GD U GˈGD Oᇚᩥਜ਼ᴎẔ⌟໘ˊẋՈ᭄ˈϔᴎߎᴹDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄ K GD PᇚₑՈẔখ᭄ᅮ఼Ёˈ೼ᖙᯊˈৃҹᯊ᫇ߎᰒ߾៪ˈᯊⒸৃҹᰃϔϾǃϔ៪᭄DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᅮᯊ S GL Oᇚᩥਜ਼ᴎẔ⌟໘ˊՈ᭄ՈᯊDŽˊ ˊ ˊ S O೼ᴎඈߎɴᯊˈᇚǃৢϔᅮᯊⒸݙᣛՈখ᭄᭄ߎᴹDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ᴎ U W Oਃࡼ៪Ոᮍ খ᭄᡹ᨪǃ᪂ਃذ਍ ਃࡼᴎˈঞᯊᇚ᳝݇খ᭄៪᪂Ոᓔ݇ߎᴹDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ӊ V R H೼থᯊˈᓔ݇ՈˈᯊⒸߎᴹDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ߚ࡯ UϬᴹҹՈᴵՈ᳔ⒸˈᇍѢϔϾ⌟ₓிඣˈҹ⌟ₓՈ᳔᭄ₓ˗ᇍѢϔϾࠊிඣˈҹ᥻ࠊՈ᳔ₓ˗ᇍϹˈᓔ݇Ո᳔ᯊⒸⒸˈϔ൫˗ᇍ&ˈǃᜬՈᑺDŽˊ ˊ ˊ V Uҹ᭄ᜬ߾ՈϔிՈDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ₋ V S GࠊிඣЁⒸՈᯊⒸⒸDŽˊ ˊ ˊ &߾ & GLᇚ᭄ඣЁՈẔ⌟੠໘ˊ೼&߾ߎᴹˈབඈখ᭄ᰒ߾ǃ߾ǃ߾ǃඃ߾ǃ߾DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᗻᩥਜ਼ S Fᇚ᭄ඣЁ⌟੠໘ˊՈ᭄ˈՈᇍᴎඈẔᩥਜ਼ˈབϬϹˈǃᴎᬜǃᴎඈᬜǃ(໛ǃ⛁਍DŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ᪡ R J GDᇍᴎඈਃǃذǃˊՈϬ៪᭛߾ˈг᡹ᨪߎˈؐʱҹDŽˊ ˊ ߚࠊிඣ GL G F V '₋Ϭᩥਜ਼ᴎǃỞ੠߾ˈᅲᇍϣՈ᭄ǃ᥻ࠊ੠ᡸ਍ˈϬỞ᭄Ո໮ᩥਜ਼ᴎ֕ඣˈ݊ˈ᭄ˈৃDŽ݋ԧгҹᰃӊՈߚDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ẋࠊ൫ S F OߚࠊிඣᵘЁՈϔ൫ˈ൫ϵՈẋঝǃ᥻ࠊঝඈ៤ˈ৘ঝ⌟Ҿᜬ੠ᴎᵘˈᅠ᭄Ո₋੠໘ˊˈᑊᇍᎹࠊ੠֕DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ֕൫ V OߚࠊிඣᵘЁ൫ՈϞϔ൫DŽϵᴎ᥹݇ඈ៤DŽ൫ЏࠊϢࠊҹঞˊ਍DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ੥ˊ൫ P OߚࠊிඣᵘЁՈϔ൫ˈϵˊҎᴎ᥹਍ඈ៤DŽ൫ҹˊϢˊˈࣙᑺǃிඣǃₓ᥻ࠊǃࠊ԰᡹ᜬǃ᭄੠ẟǃᦤ਍DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᥻ࠊঝ F Vߚࠊிඣẋࠊ൫ЁՈϔঝˈϬҹᅲᇍᎹՈ᭄ָࠊDŽ ᥻ࠊঝҹˈг᭄ඈ៤൫֕ඣDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄ঝGD D Vߚࠊிඣẋࠊ൫ЁՈϔঝˈϬѢₓՈẔখ᭄៪ᅲ᭄Ո₋ˈᇚ݊ᔧՈḰᤶ੠໘ˊDŽ ᭄ঝҹˈгҹϢ᭄ඈ៤൫֕ඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ࠊঝ V F Vϵࠊ఼ S O F ៪ߚࠊிඣ᥻ࠊঝඈ៤ˈϬҹᅲՈࠊDŽࠊঝҹˈг᭄ඈ៤൫֕ඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ẋঝ S Vᰃࠊঝ੠᭄ঝՈᘏDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ῵ഫࠊ៤Ո݋ǃ໘ˊǃ᫇ࠊǃǃ᡹ᨪ਍Ո࣏῵ഫDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ඈᗕǃ F೼ߚࠊிඣЁˈϬඣᡅᇍϡՈ῵ഫᔧඈՈẋӊඈᗕDŽ ೼ߚࠊிඣЁˈϬඣᡅˈᇚϡՈঝǃ῵ӊ੠໪ˊඈӊDŽˊ ˊ ੥ˊඣ P L V ,ᰃϔϾ੠ᩥਜ਼ᴎՈҎᴎிඣDŽˊ᠔ҹϔϾՈϣ੠DŽϔǃ᥻ࠊ੥ˊ੠ˊᵘ៤DŽඣˈϣǃᩥǃǃǃǃҎǃ਍ඣDŽிඣҹ᭄ǃ᡹ᜬՈᮍˊˈҹᇍՈˊ੠᳔ࠊDŽ ҹॖˈϵ൫ՈϣǃᩥǃǃǃǃҎǃ਍ඣඈ៤Ո੥ˊඣˈࢴ൫੥ˊඣDŽˊ ˊ ॖ൫֕ඣ S V L V Ϭᇚ৘ᴎඈᩥਜ਼ᴎ֕ඣЁՈ᳝݇ᯊ᭄ؐ ᘏ Ո᪡ঝˈЎؐ ᘏ ֕ᴎඈᅝՈᅲᯊDŽᯊгᑺᇚᴎඈՈ'DŽ ˊ ৃ U᳝˖D ೼ᢈᴵӊϟ੠ᢈՈᯊⒸݙᜬǃ᥻ࠊញ៪ᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣᅠՈ࿁࡯DŽ೼ՈᯊⒸ៪೼ՈՓϬ⃵᭄ݙˈ᪂ ఼ࣙӊ ࿁ՈDŽϵඣᩥ⌟ₓ᳝ˈ᠔ҹϔϬⒸᯊⒸᜬ߾DŽ ˊ ˊ ৃ PᴵӊᇍՓϬՈҾᜬǃ᥻ࠊញ៪ᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣˈẟՈᑺˈ៪Ո࿁࡯DŽˊ ˊ ৃϬᯊⒸ D WϬՈᢆߎথˈ೼໪ᴵӊབǃ⇨਍ℷՈϟˈிඣ៪ញϬՈᯊⒸDŽˊ ˊ ᯊⒸ P W ೼Ҿᜬǃ᥻ࠊញ៪ᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣՈᢈݙˈ೼ᢈᴵӊϟⒸՈᯊⒸؐDŽˊ ˊ ᯊⒸ P W W UҾᜬǃ᥻ࠊញ៪ᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣ೼ᢈݙˈ೼ᢈՈᴵӊϟˈẟՈᯊⒸՈؐDŽˊ ˊD ᇍϡՈҾᜬǃ᥻ࠊញˈՈᎹᯊⒸ៪ᬙՈᯊⒸˈҹ P W W ᜬ߾DŽᇍৃՈҾᜬǃ᥻ࠊញˈⒸՈᎹᯊⒸˈᯊᯊⒸDŽˊ ˊ ᬙிඣ៪ிඣЁՈ Ҿᜬǃ᥻ࠊញ៪ᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣ ϡՈDŽˊ ˊ ৃϬ DϔϾ៪ிඣℷՈᯊⒸ੠ᩥՈᘏᯊⒸˈϬ᭄ᴹᜬ߾ˈेˋ DŽˊ ˊ GX GD GHᇍிඣЁ݇⏲Ո໘ϬźՈ᪂DŽˊ ˊ ῵ֵ F P GH Vᯊ೼Ѣ ߎ ੠ⒸՈؐ੠ՈDŽ ˊ ˊ ῵ P GH Y೼Ѣ ߎ ੠ⒸՈǃ਍ؐՈϹDŽҹᰃᴎ៪⌟ₓ᥹DŽˊ ˊ ῵ᑆᡄ F P GH Lϵ೼῵ՈߎՈব࣪DŽˊ ˊ ῵ࠊ F P GH UҾᜬǃ᥻ࠊញ៪ᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣࠊ῵ṗᇍ݊ߎՈ࿁࡯DŽ ˊ ˊ ῵ࠊ↨ F P GH U UҾᜬǃ᥻ࠊញ៪ᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣՈ῵ˈϢߎՈ݋ՈDŽ ῵ࠊ↨Ϭ↨ؐ៪ؐՈ Ոߚ᭄ᜬ߾DŽˊ ˊ ῵ֵ V P GH VҾᜬǃ᥻ࠊញ៪ᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣϬՈDŽˊ ˊ ῵ V P GH Y೼ᝯ⌟ϹϬՈDŽˊ ˊ ῵ᑆᡄ V P GH Lϵ೼῵߾ؐ៪ߎՈব࣪DŽˊ ˊ ῵ࠊ V P GH UҾᜬǃ᥻ࠊញ៪ᩥਜ਼ᴎிඣࠊ῵ṗᇍ݊ߎՈ࿁࡯DŽ ˊ ˊ ῵ࠊ↨ V P GH U Uߎব࣪Ո῵ֵؐᇍѻߎব࣪ₓDŽ῵ࠊ↨Ϭ↨ؐ៪ؐՈ Ոߚ᭄ᜬ߾DŽ ☿ˊ Ⴎ D OᰃᇍϔϾࠊ᠔Ո࣏ᑺDŽ݊খ᭄Ẕ⌟ǃ᭄ˊǃႮࠊǃࠊǃ᡹ᨪ੠ᡸঞඣ᪂ᩥՈᅠᑺˈ᳔೼ؐʱՈ᭄ₓ੠᠔ՈDŽ☿࡯থՈႮᴎࠊₓঞ˗ᜬঞࠊ᪂ₓ˗ඣ᪂ᩥՈᅠᑺ˗ᮑᎹₓ˗ᡸ௤ᯬՈDŽˊ ⛁ᩥ GH R S S D ᩥᇍᬥՈᴵӊ੠ᡅˈϔ݋ᇍখ᭄Ẕ⌟ P ǃ᡹ᨪ D ǃ᥻ࠊ F ῵ᢳₓ᥻ࠊǃࠊ៪ᓔϔ݇ࠊ ੠ᡸ S ೼ݙՈႮඣDŽेᇍǃᴎඈঞ࡯ிඣǃ(୍ࠊ໛ඣˈǃǃǃկǃˊǃ⊍⊍ඣ੠ᡸ᠔ՈҾᜬ੠᥻ࠊ᪂ඣϔՈிඣ᪂ᩥ੠ᅝᩥDŽ ˊ ˊ ᥻ࠊᮍ F P GHؐʱ੠᥻ࠊᴎඈ៪݊࡯᪂ՈẔՈˈЏݙࠊ֜ ৄ Ո੠᠔Ո֕DŽϔࠊ੠▊ࠊDŽˊ ˊ ࠊ O F᥻ࠊ֜ ৄ ೼Џ བǃᴎ ៪ඣ བ┨ඣǃ⛁࡯ඣ ┈ˈ៪Ⓒ བˊḪⒸǃկ⊍⋉ ݙˈؐʱࠊ֜ϞˈߚᇍᝯᇍᬥՈẔ੠᥻ࠊDŽ ˊ ˊ ▊ࠊ F G Fᇚ೼ϣՈ᪂੠݇ඣՈ᥻ࠊ֜ ৄ ▊೼᥻ࠊݙˈؐʱᇍՈᴎඈẟՈ֕੠᥻ࠊDŽˊ ˊ ᴎࠊ üW F G FᇚǃᴎՈ᥻ࠊ֜ ৄ ▊೼᥻ࠊݙDŽЏϬѢඣЎࠊՈᴎඈDŽˊ ˊ ࠊ X F G Fᇚᴎඈ ǃᴎঞᴎ Ո᥻ࠊ֜ ৄ %֜ ▊೼᥻ࠊݙˈؐʱᴎඈ԰ϔϾ੠᥻ࠊDŽϬѢ੠ϹඣഛࠊՈᴎඈDŽˊ ˊ ḪⒸؐʱࠊ QüR F GH ϡؐʱˈඣᇍϣࠊՈḪⒸˈℸିⒸՈᡸிඣᅠˈ೼ᬙᯊৃҹႮՈ᪂DŽ ˊ ῵ᢳₓ᥻ࠊிඣ P GX F Vᅲǃᴎঞඣখ᭄ႮࠊՈᘏDŽ೼ඣЁˈᐌখ᭄Ⴎࠊঞ᡹ᨪˈᇍࠡˈ݊ߎₓЎₓՈ᭄DŽ೼ᇍ໪ӊЁгࠊிඣ&GOü W V DŽ ˊ ˊ ᴎඈࠊ X F GL G Fᇚüᴎඈ԰ϔϾࠊˈỞࠊಲᴎඈ೼ႮՈᎹˈǃᴎՈႮඣথߎˈҹব࣪Ո◄ˈᴎඈ᫇ǃ᫇Ո࿁࡯DŽϬՈ൫ᰃࠊிඣ੠ᴎ᥻ࠊிඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ P GH W % ᴎ᥻ࠊ ᓔɳ ˈࠊ ˈՓՈ ᴎব࣪Ո◄DŽℸ࢑ҹϬˈˈгᴎՈϔDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᴎ W P GH 7 ࠊ ᓔɳ ˈᴎႮࠊ ˈՓᴎࠡDŽℸ࢑ᴎඈᴎࠡ࡯ˈˈг೼ᯊϡՈϔDŽˊ ˊ ˊ F GL G P GHǃᴎᯊ᥹ࠊ੠Ոࠊிඣˈℸ࢑ՈϬˊ ˊ ࠊிඣ F VᅲࠊՈᘏDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ࠊ GüZ F᥻ࠊẟₓՈႮࠊிඣDŽᇍˈࠊிඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ࠊ F F᥻ࠊẟ੠ₓՈ᥻ࠊிඣˈेࠊՈႮࠊிඣՈˈࣙǃₓ੠࡯᥻ࠊDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ࡯᥻ࠊ S F᥻ࠊ࡯ ៪ℷ ՈႮࠊிඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ễࠊ D F᥻ࠊₓՈႮࠊிඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ࠊ F᥻ࠊẟՈₓ (ˈ⊍ˈϬ⇨བǃǃ ՈႮࠊிඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ẋ⏽ࠊ V V W F ᥻ࠊ⏽ᑺՈႮࠊிඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ⏽ࠊ U V W F᥻ࠊ⏽ᑺՈႮࠊிඣDŽˊ ˊ (ᴎ᥻ࠊிඣ S ˈP ᅲ(ᴎ৘ࠊՈᘏDŽˊ ˊ ˊ (୍⏽ᑺ᥻ࠊ S W F(ˈ᥻ࠊ(ᴎߎ(୍⏽ᑺՈ᥻ࠊிඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ (ᴎҎ ࡯ ᥻ࠊ P L S F ᇍ(ᴎҎ࡯ ᥻ࠊՈ᥻ࠊிඣDŽ(ᴎ੠ࠊඣՈϡˈ᥻ࠊবₓ៪ᝯₓᰃՈDŽˊ ˊ ˊ (ᴎࠊ O G F R P᥻ࠊẟՈ(ₓˈՓ(ᴎ೼᳔ϟẔՈ᥻ࠊிඣDŽ ˊ ˊ ᴎ᥻ࠊிඣ W F Vᅲᴎ৘ࠊՈᘏDŽेᴎḰợ੠៪থᴎՈ੠೼ؐՈႮࠊிඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᴎࠊிඣ P K GU F ϵᴎˊ᪂ᩥՈӊǃӊ੠ᴎᵘᵘ៤Ոᴎ᥻ࠊிඣDŽඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ Ϲࠊிඣ HüK GU F ϵˊ᪂ᩥՈӊǃˊ᪂ᩥՈӊ੠ᴎᵘᵘ៤Ոᴎ᥻ࠊிඣDŽඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᭄ࠊிඣ GL üK GU ' ϵˊ᪂ᩥՈӊǃ᭄ ᩥਜ਼ᴎ ǃˊ᪂ᩥՈӊ੠ᴎᵘᵘ៤Ոᴎ᥻ࠊிඣDŽ᭄DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ῵ᢳࠊிඣ D üK GU $ ϵˊ᪂ᩥՈӊǃ῵ᢳǃˊ᪂ᩥՈӊ੠ᴎᵘᵘ៤Ոᴎ᥻ࠊிඣDŽ῵ᢳDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᴎϹࠊிඣ PüHüK GUϬᖂൟᴎ ᩥਜ਼ᴎ ঞᴎᵘᅲᴎႮࠊ৘Ո᥻ࠊிඣDŽ ⊼˖г᭄ࠊிඣˈᴎՈĀ'āˈĀˊ ˊ ˊ ᴎႮਃذிඣ D GR $7ᴎՈ⛁࡯៪݊খ᭄ˈᴎ᥻ࠊிඣᅠᴎՈਃࡼǃᑊ៪ذՈႮࠊிඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᴎ⛁࡯֕ඣ W V V V ₋Ϭ᭄῵ൟ៪ˊ῵ൟՈᮍ⌟ḰᄤՈ⛁࡯ˈᇚᴎ᥻ࠊிඣˈϬҹࠊՈ੠ՈˈֱḰᄤ࡯೼ݙՈႮඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᴎඣ H W V೼ᴎẔˈߎɴᯊ࿁ᮑẟˊˈᑊ೼ᯊˈ࿁ᮑˈذᴎẔՈֱᡸிඣDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ Ḱợࠊ V G Fᴎ᥻ࠊிඣϔˈϬѢਃࡼǃ੠ᅮḰợࠊDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ࠊˋ O G Jᴎ᥻ࠊிඣϔˈϬѢᇍᴎඈࠊDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ࠊ O G Oᴎ᥻ࠊிඣЁՈ᥻ࠊϔˈỞࠊᴎ᫇Ոᓔᑺᴹࠊᴎඈߎ࡯DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᡸ᥻ࠊ RüV G S F ᡸ᥻ࠊᰃϔࠊՈ᥻ࠊDŽ᳝ϬᑺࠊᮍՈˈгϬࠊᮍՈˈབᴎḰợḰợՈ ˁᯊˈ݇⒱ˈᔧḰợᯊᓔਃ᫇ˈབℸডˈָḰợࠊಲҹḰợ˗៪ᯊ₋ϬDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᡸ RüV G S WᴎֱᡸிඣϔˈᔧᴎḰợϔؐᯊႮᴎ݇੠ЏDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ࠊ YüS Fᴎ᥻ࠊிඣϔˈָࠊ᫇ᓔᑺՈ᥻ࠊᮍDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ Q JϬবՈᮍবẟₓՈ᫇DŽ$ S DŽˊ ˊ ˊ Ā JϬবẟᓔᑺՈᮍবẟₓՈ᫇DŽ$ DŽˊ ˊ ˊ U R O Gᴎ᥻ࠊிඣϔˈᇚᴎℷϟ᠔Ոˈ೼থՈⒸݙ៪ᾬDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᫇ Yᴎ᥻ࠊிඣϔˈᔧⒸᬙᴎᑺᯊˈ݇⒱ˈᑊ೼ᓊảϔڱᯊⒸৢˈᓔਃ᫇ˈҹᴎ੠ϹՈˈ࡯ிඣՈˈϡ࡯ிඣሥDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ϹḰᤶ఼HüK GU F೼᥻ࠊிඣЁˈᇚϹࠊḰᤶࠊՈ᪂DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ⊍,ǃߕ S WϹḰᤶ఼Ёࠊ੠᫇⊍ₓ੠ᮍՈDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ⊍ᴎ VỞ⊍៪Ϲࠊࡼ࡯⊍ˈՓ៪ЏՈᴎᵘDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ˊ Y Pᅮǃ ੠ব࣪Ոᡅˈব᫇Ոᓔਃᮍˈᴎ೼ ܼ ៪ ᾬ ՈϟẔDŽḰᤶ $ˋ$W DŽˊ ˊ ˊ Ḱợ਍ ᑺবࡼ GU S V G Y ᴎ᥻ࠊிඣඃՈDŽỞҹᇍᑨՈḰợؐϢḰợؐՈ᭄ᴹᜬ߾DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ả෗ GH G Gඃϟᜐᯊ݋Ոϡˈࢴả෗DŽả෗ҹϔϟᜐඃᇍᑨՈḰợؐϢḰợؐՈ᭄ᜬ߾DŽ ˊ ˊ ݊ˊ ˊ ˊ ࠊிඣ F V %੠ᴎՈႮ࡯ǃ⏽ᑺႮࠊிඣՈᘏDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ Ⴎࠊ D J F $*ࠊথᴎՈႮࠊிඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ Ⴎᑺிඣ D GL V $'ǃᝯᴎඈᖂ੠ඃˈᅲᑺ ՈႮࠊிඣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ Ⴎඣ D V G V $೼ᴎ᥻ࠊிඣՈϟˈᅲᴎႮՈ᥻ࠊிඣDŽ ˊ ᓔ݇ₓ᥻ࠊிඣ üR Vᅲǃᴎঞਃǃذ៪ᓔǃ݇ՈᘏDŽˊ ˊ ࠊிඣ V F VᇍϔᎹඣ៪ЏᴎϔᅮࠊՈ᥻ࠊிඣ ᓔɳࠊ៪ࠊ DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ඈ൫᥻ࠊ J Fᡞ݋ՈՈ᪂ϔϾՈ᥻ࠊˈབࠊDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ඈ൫᥻ࠊ V Fᡞϔᴎঞ៪ϔඣϔϾՈ᥻ࠊˈབᴎǃᓩᴎǃՈ᥻ࠊǃ఼ࠊDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ໛Ϭ᪂ࠊ D V Gü F៪ҹϞՈ᪂ བ ˈ೼Ẕذ៪ߎ࡯ᯊˈ໛Ϭ᪂ਃࡼՈ᥻ࠊDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ఼᥻ࠊிඣ F V %ব࣪Ոᡅ੠఼ˈႮ఼Ո᥻ࠊඣDŽ೼ЁⒸࠊඣЁ៪៤ᇍՈ఼˗೼ָࠊඣЁϔৄ(ᴎঞՈਃذ᥻ࠊிඣˈгϔҹ᥹ՈࠊிඣDŽˊ ˊ RüWüR Fࠊᓔ݇ ៪ ᇍᑨϔৄϹᴎՈ఼ ᥹఼ ˈᑊᇍৄ఼ ᥹఼ ẟ ᓔǃ݇ ᪡DŽˊ ˊ ඃ V FϬᇍϹᴎՈ఼ ᥹఼ ẟˈ໐ϬՈ᪡ᓔ݇ ᇍϹᴎ఼ ᥹఼ ẟ ᓔǃ݇ ᪡DŽˊ ˊ ᓔ݇ₓ᪡఼ üR VϬѢᇍᴎẟਃǃذ៪ᓔǃ݇Ո᪂DŽϔᓔ݇៪DŽˊ ᡹ᨪ Dˊ ˊ ᡹ᨪඣD V݋ߎˈҹᜬ៪᥻ࠊிඣϡ៪ிඣখ᭄ؐՈႮඣDŽˊ ˊ ؐ᡹ᨪ O DẔߎবₓ៪ϟՈ᡹ᨪDŽˊ ˊ ᡹ᨪGH DẔߎবₓؐՈ᡹ᨪDŽˊ ˊ ఼ Dᜬ݇੠খ᭄ՈDŽᇍҹᜬ߾᡹ᨪݙՈ఼ࢴDŽˊ ˊ ߎ಴ RֱᡸࡼˈỞˊញϬ߾ߎᓩᡸࡼՈϔ಴DŽ ˊ ˊ ᡹ᨪᡥࠊ D F R᡹ᨪՈϔˊᮍˈབ೼ བਃࡼ ϟˈখ᭄ؐ᡹ᨪؐᡅˈᬥˈЎ᡹ᨪՈ᥾ᮑDŽˊ ֱᡸϢ S Lˊ ˊ ඣ G ᔧᯊˈֱᡸ ໪៪ݙ ໐੠᥻ࠊᮑՈႮඣDŽࣙඣ V V ੠఼᥻ࠊிඣ % DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᘏ P Wϵ៪ֱᡸˈՈ᠔DŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ⊍ R W݇⒱⊍ˈՈ᠔⊍ₓDŽˊ ˊ ˊ Wϵ៪Ẕ ϔ(୍ ႮDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ☿੠ḰবЎՈ࣪ᢅ៪݊ˊᜬDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ☿ Hᇚ੠ḰবЎᢅ៪ϡᢅՈDŽˊ ˊ ˊ V೼Ո᳔ব࣪ϟˈՈ☿DŽ ˊ ˊ ˈ ☿⌟఼ GHẔ⌟☿ᔎߎৃϬՈϹՈ᪂DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ܼ O R Dᜬ߾Ոϔˈᵘˈ᳝ϟ߫DŽD ᇍ˖Ϭ఼☿⌟៪⌟ᮍˈᔧϔ⌟఼Ẕ⌟Ո ˋ ᯊ˗Ϭܼ⌟ᮍˈᔧ ˋ ៪ҹϞՈ☿⌟఼Ẕ⌟ϡᯊˈᅮDŽᇍ:ൟ ⚻ᓣ♝ၟ˖ᔧẔ⌟ࠄ☿Ѣϔ᭄ₓᯊ ৃ ⚻᭄ₓঞ ˈᅮ♝ၟ☿DŽF ᇍᓣ ⚻♝ၟ˖ᔧϔ߫ ⚻☿Ẕ⌟఼Ẕ⌟ࠄՈ☿Ѣϔ᭄ₓᯊˈᅮ♝ၟ☿DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ⚻☿Ẕ⌟ L G ϔ ⚻ѢẔ⌟৘ ⚻☿Ẕ⌟ᮍᓣDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ ☿Ẕ⌟ H Gᓣ♝ၟˈ೼ ⚻☿Ẕ⌟఼ˈϬ ⚻ ⚻☿Ẕ⌟ᮍᓣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ܼ♝ၟ☿Ẕ⌟ G೼ϔ ⚻☿Ẕ⌟఼ˈϬẔ⌟ܼ♝ၟ ⚻☿Ẕ⌟ᮍᓣDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ☿ FẔ ⚻ ˁ៪ ˁ ⚻☿ˈ೼ϔᅮᯊⒸ བ V ݙּᯊՈ☿DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ☿ O R O W D Fᓣ ⚻♝ၟϔˈ᳝ ⚻ˈߎ ⚻ ᭄ₓৃ Ո☿DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᾬ☿ S O R♝ၟϔϾ៪໮☿៪ ⚻☿DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ♝ၟ HϬₓϟˈễ♝ၟˈҹ┨ӏ ˈᑊ˖D ᯊⒸѢ P♝♝ၟݙ ⃵DŽˊ ˊ ˊ Āₓ S UϡѢܼₓՈ ˁˈᯊѢ ˁₓDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ V೼ ⚻៪☿఼ৢˈՓ៪੠ ⚻ ᭭DŽˊ ˊ ˊ ⊍ V V R YˈV W Y ᭭៪԰ˈႮ ⚻ ᭭៪☿ DŽˊ ˊ W V L 7 ֕ ǃǃǃ਍ᴎ᭄ ՈDŽ ˊ ˊ ˊ Ḹ D PˈW S P ֕ḸDŽˊ ˊ ˊ W V P֕DŽˊ ˊ ˊ G H P֕DŽˊ ˊ ˊ D ҹˈ⌟ₓDŽˊ ˊ ˊ Ḹ Ḹ U H P֕ḸDŽˊ ˊ ˊ Ḹ Ḹ Vˋ Y P ֕Ḹ៪ḸDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ] VᰃϔϾˈϬḸDŽˊ ˊ ˊ Wϔ⃵ˈDŽ⌟ₓḸ᭄ˈᑊ⌟ߎখDŽˊ ˊ ˊ Ϲ H F Sϔᓣˈҹ԰ˈ࿁⌟ₓ⌟ᜬѢᅝDŽˊ ˊ ˊ W⌟ₓḸDŽˊ ˊ ˊ ᬙ D U Hü P $'ᰃϔϾ ৘Ḹ᭄ˈỞẔˈᇍǃ៪໘DŽẔ⌟ঞ᭄੠DŽ ˊ ˊ L᳝˖D ೼ བṗǃ♝ ⚻ ˈϔ᪂ᯊˈЎৢ⃵៪ৢՈ԰DŽ Ўߎ៪ϡ԰࣏ˈ໐ˈ₋៪԰࣏ˈҹ԰ˈབʌࡴDŽˊ ˊ ᴎ F៪থᯊˈՓ♝ϔˈৢˈৃᓣ˖D ˁ)ˈᰃᓣDŽˁ)ˈᰃ♝ᓣDŽˊ ˊ U 5ᰃDŽ བඝǃễǃᓩ থǃᴎᯊˈDŽ ˊ ˊ L Fϔখ᭄ࠄ៪ϔ᪂ᯊˈᯊ᥻ϔ᪂DŽ ˊ ᥻ǃ᥻ F UˈF֜ ৄ ˈᇍ੠᥻៪ĭDŽ ˊ ˊ X F U᳝ᯊࣙ֜ Ո֜ ৄ ˈᇍ੠᥻DŽˊ ˊ ᥻ F U֜ ৄ ˈᇍ੠᥻DŽབൟ☿࡯ǃ♝ǃ┨DŽˊ ˊ Џ H Fࣙǃবǃկ Ո֜ৄˈ੠᥻ĭDŽˊ ˊ Ϲ៪Ϲ F UկDŽˊ ˊ O F Uˈᅝ៪ி֜ ৄ Ոˈབ♝ǃǃǃ┨ǃǃ ┨ᇬ ᥻DŽˊ ˊ ᴎ♝ üW F U♝ˈ♝ǃ֜ ৄ ՈDŽˊ ˊ HüQ F U֜ৄǃᇍDŽˊ ˊ Ϲ H Uᅝ ࣙ ᶰDŽˊ ˊ ؐ V H UϹ԰ՈˈݙDŽˊ ᥻֜ ৄǃᶰˊ ˊ ֜ǃሣ SݙDŽ ϬѢᅝǃ៪DŽˊ ˊ ᶰ Fˈੵ᳝੠ ៪ ݙǃ᥻DŽੵDŽˊ ˊ ᥻֜ Fǃ᥻੠਍Ո֜ ሣǃᶰ DŽ ˊ ˊ ᥻ৄ F԰ਬৄDŽৄϞ֜ ਍DŽˊ ˊ ᴎ֜ %֜ W J S᥻♝ǃǃথ֜ ৄ DŽˊ ˊ ֜D S┨֜໪ˈ݊੠᥻֜DŽˊ ˊ ֜ ሣ P S֜ ሣ Ϟ߾ˈҾǃ߾֜ ሣ DŽˊ ˊ ֜ ሣ VüP S೼֜ ሣ Ϟ߾֜ ሣˊ ˊ ֱੵ ᶰ Zü Fੵ ᶰ ݙࡴˈ࿁ݙੵ ᶰ DŽ֜ ሣ Ϟ߾DŽ᥻ᇬ⓶ੵ៪ᶰDŽࡴˊ ˊ ⛁ᶰ ੵ üG Ўᶰ ੵ ˈᶰݙֱ݊DŽᶰᓣᓣ੠ᓣϸDŽˊ ˊ ੵ ᶰǃᶊ W FˈUկੵ ᶰǃᶊ ˈݙDŽˊ ˊ ᶰ U Fញ៪ࡴᶰDŽˊ ˊ ਍൫ G R S਍൫ * ü ਍ᬜ, ᷛẔˈᇍੵ ᶰ ˈĭ ࣙᇬ඗ ẟ៪DŽ, Lü W S ߾DŽ ˊ V៪ ੠ ᥻DŽˊ ˊ ☿Ϲ S S Vᇍ԰ˈ࿁ˈЎDŽ ᭄݊Ո߾ǃǃ᪡԰ǃႮ੠਍DŽˊ ˊ ܼǃ Ϣ֜ǃৄঞ݊Ϟ੠ϔDŽẔ ৘᭄ՈϔˈᑊᯊՈˈDŽˊ ˊ ǃ U V K U᭄Ոϔˈ֜ǃৄ԰њDŽ೼ ǃˈ໐DŽˊ ˊ Ởൟ J Vϔˈ֜ ৄ ǃൟ԰њˈ ᳝DŽˊ ˊ੠ᝯ੠᥻ǃࡼDŽ ˊ ˊ ĭ Sĭ੠᥻֜ǃৄDŽ ˊ ˊ ᝯ SϵDŽǃ᥻᭄ൟ੠᭄਍ ՈDŽˊ ˊ ৄ ৄ L V੠֕ˈϔৄ&੠֜ˈ ࡴ੠ϔϾDŽˊ ˊ V VϬDŽ˖D Ϲൟ˗ৄ˗F ੠˗G ᩥ԰ி੠ᅲDŽˊ ˊ V F ԰ՈDŽϔ˖D Ꮉ ˗ᯊ˗F ᬙ੠┨˗G Ẕǃൟ˗H ੠ₑ˗ᅲᯊ੠ǃ˗J ˗K ໪᭄໘˗L ˗DŽˊ ˊ ԰ R Vᇍ៪԰Ոˈϔϔৄ੠ϔϾ֜ˈ԰֜DŽˊ ˊ ,ˋ2 ,ˋ2 L Hᇍ֜Ϟˈϔ$ˋ'ǃ'ˋ$ǃ',ǃ'2਍DŽˊ ˊ Ϲൟ S P Vǃᅲᯊഄǃ੠԰Ոˈ݊੠Ѣൟ੠ϬDŽˊ ˊ L V VЎ੠DŽˊ ˊ ੠⌟᪙ G D W V ᇍ ࣙǃᜬ֜᪂੠,ˋ2 ẟ੠੠⌟᪙DŽᆵ᭛௦ᓩAabsolute expansion monitor of turbine ..............................................4.6.2.4 accuracy ...........................................................................3.2.17 accuracy class......................................................................3.2.18 actuator, actuating element ........................................................3.3.20 adaptive control ...................................................................3.3.11 air flow control ...................................................................4.3.2.4 alarm ..............................................................................4.5 arm cut out ........................................................................4.5.6 alarm display.......................................................................3.4.2.8 alarm system .......................................................................4.5.1 analog electro hydraulic control (AEH) .............................................4.3.4.4 analog input ˄AI ˅..................................................................3.4.3.2 analog output (AO) .................................................................3.4.3.4 analogue signal ................................................................... 3.4.2.3 annunciator ........................................................................4.5.4 application software .............................................................. 3.4.1.22 automated diagnostics for steam turbine [rotating equipment] (ADRE) ...............4.6.2.11 automation ........................................................................ 3.1 automatic control ................................................................. 3.3.1 automatic control system ...........................................................3.3.17 automatic dispatch system (ADS) ....................................................4.3.5.3 automatic generation control (AGC) .................................................4.3.5.2 automatic level ................................................................... 4.1 automatic synchronized system (ASS) ............................................... 4.3.5.4 automatic stand-by control ........................................................ 4.4.1.3 automatic turbine startup or shutdown control system (ATC) .........................4.3.4.6 auxiliary panel ................................................................... 4.8.6 available time .....................................................................3.5.2 availablity ....................................................................... 3.5.7 axial movement .................................................................... 4.6.2.1 Bbar chart display ................................................................. 3.4.2.12 (function) block .................................................................. 3.4.6.8 boiler control system ............................................................. 4.3.2boiler follow mode (turbine base) (BF) .............................................4.3.1.1 boiler-turbine centralized control................................................. 4.2.4 boiler-turbine control room ........................................................4.7.6 boiler turbine generator panel......................................................4.8.5 burner control system (BCS).........................................................4.4.1.4 bus ............................................................................... 3.4.1.11box ............................................................................ ...4.8.2bypass control system (BPC).........................................................4.3.5.1C cabinet.............................................................................4.8.2cable room..........................................................................4.7.4 cascade control ................................................................... 3.3.8 cathode ray tube (CRT) ............................................................ 3.4.4.7 centralized control ............................................................... 4.2.3 centralized monitoring system.......................................................3.1.7 combustion control..................................................................4.3.2.2 common mode interference .......................................................... 3.5.11 common mode rejection ............................................................. 3.5.12 common mode rejection ratio ....................................................... 3.5.13 common mode signal..................................................................3.5.9 common mode voltage ................................................................3.5.10 computer monitoring system..........................................................3.4.5.1 computer systems....................................................................3.4 computer supervisory................................................................3.4.5 computersupervisory system..........................................................3.4.5.2 configuration ..................................................................... 3.4.6.9 console.............................................................................4.8.4 continuous control system ......................................................... 3.3.18 control ........................................................................... 3.3control board.......................................................................4.8.3control building....................................................................4.7control display.....................................................................3.4.2.7 control mode........................................................................4.2.1control room....................................................................... 4.7.2control station.................................................................... 3.4.6.4 control valve.......................................................................3.3.22control with fixed set-point........................................................3.3.5 control with variable set-point.....................................................3.3.6 conventional true value[of a.quantity] .............................................3.2.11 A/D, D/A onverter...................................................................3.4.4.3 closed loop control.................................................................3.3.4critical flame......................................................................4.6.1.12D data................................................................................3.4.1.8data acquisition....................................................................3.4.5.3data acquisition station............................................................3.4.6.5 data base...........................................................................3.4.1.15data highway........................................................................3.4.1.12data processing.....................................................................3.4.5.4data record, data logging...........................................................3.4.5.5 dead band...........................................................................4.3.4.24 degree of protection................................................................4.8.13 design of thermal power plant automation........................................... 4.2 detecting device....................................................................3.2.21 deviation alarm.....................................................................4.5.3 diagnostic and test software........................................................4.9.15 differential expansion monitor......................................................4.6.2.3 digital electro-hydraulic control (DEH).............................................4.3.4.3 digital computer....................................................................3.4.1.2 digital input (DI)..................................................................3.4.3.1 digital output (DO).................................................................3.4.3.3 digital signal......................................................................3.4.2.2direct digital control (DDC)........................................................3.3.16 discontinuous control system........................................................3.3.19 display.............................................................................3.4.2.4display for window..................................................................3.4.2.13 display instrument..................................................................3.2.26CRT display.........................................................................3.4.5.14 distributed control system (DCS)....................................................3.4.6 droop...............................................................................4.3.4.23Eeddy current probe..................................................................4.6.2.9 electric automation.................................................................3.1.2 electric control building ..........................................................4.7.3 electric-net control room...........................................................4.7.7 electro-hydraulic control (EHC).....................................................4.3.4.2 electro-hydraulic converter........................................................ 4.3.4.19electronics room....................................................................4.7.8 elevation flame detection...........................................................4.6.1.10 emergency trip system (ETS).........................................................4.3.4.8 engineer station....................................................................3.4.4.11 error...............................................................................3.2.12error of indication.................................................................3.2.13Ffast cut back (FCB).................................................................4.6.4fast valving........................................................................4.3.4.18 fault...............................................................................3.5.6 feedforward control.................................................................3.3.7feed-water control..................................................................4.3.2.1 fiducial error..................................................................... 3.2.14 firmware............................................................................3.4.1.24first out...........................................................................4.5.5 flame...............................................................................4.6.1.4flame envelope......................................................................4.6.1.5flame detector......................................................................4.6.1.7fossil fired power plant simulator..................................................4.9.1 fuctional fidelity..................................................................4.9.5fuel control........................................................................4.3.2.5fuel trip...........................................................................4.6.1.3full furnace flame detection........................................................4.6.1.11full scope high realism simulator...................................................4.9.2 function group control..............................................................4.4.1.1 function key........................................................................3.4.4.5furnace pressure contro.............................................................4.3.2.3 furnace purge.......................................................................4.6.1.15 furnace safetyguard supervisory system (FSSS).......................................4.6.1 fuzzy control.......................................................................3.3.10Ggeneric simulator...................................................................4.9.4H hardware............................................................................3.4.1.23hard copy...........................................................................3.4.4.2historical trend display............................................................3.4.2.10Iindication [of a measuring instrument]..............................................3.2.9 indicator ˈindicating instrument ...................................................3.2.27 individual burner flame detection...................................................4.6.1.9 information.........................................................................3.4.1.9input device ˈinput unit............................................................3.4.3.7 input/output ˄I/O ˅.................................................................3.4.3input-output device, input-output unit..............................................3.4.3.9 input variable..................................................................... 3.2.5integrating instrument .............................................................3.2.29intelligent terminal................................................................3.4.1.18interface ......................................................................... 3.4.1.10interlock ......................................................................... 4.6.3interlock control ................................................................. 4.6.6intrinsic error ................................................................... 3.2.16instructor station................................................................. 4.9.8instructor station software ........................................................4.9.14 I/O interface eguipment ............................................................4.9.12 Kkeyboard............................................................................3.4.4.4keyphasor transducer .............................................................. 4.6.2.8Llocal areanetwork (LAN)............................................................ 3.4.1.14 life................................................................................3.5.5light pen...........................................................................4.4.8limit alarm.........................................................................4.5.2load control of ball mill ......................................................... 4.3.3.3 load governing......................................................................4.3.4.10load limit .........................................................................4.3.4.11local control...................................................................... 4.2.2local control room ................................................................ 4.7.5logic control ..................................................................... 3.3.14loss of all flame ................................................................. 4.6.1.8loss of flame to a corner ..........................................................6.1.13。

【热工百科】热工专业基本术语“电力圈”半导体——导电性能介于导体与绝缘体之间的物体叫半导体。

电流——电荷有规律的定向运动叫做电流。

电流强度——是表示电流大小的一个量，指每单位时间内穿过导体截面积的电荷，习惯上往往把电流强度简称电流。

电压——静电场或电路中两点间的电位差，其数值等于单位正电荷在电场力的作用下，从一点移动到另一点所作的功。

电阻——导体一方面具有导电的能力；另一方面又有阻碍电流通过的作用，这种阻碍作用，叫做导体的电阻。

电感——自感与互感的统称。

电容——表示被介质分隔的二个任何形状的导体，在单位电压作用下，容贮电场能量(电荷)能力的一个参数，等于导体所具有的电阻与两导体电位差(电压)之比值。

导体——带电质点(电子或离子)能够自由移动的物体叫导体。

绝缘体——又叫电介质。

电导率很小的物体叫绝缘体。

磁场——在磁铁或电流周围空间的其他磁性物质或载流导体将受到力的作用，我们就说在磁铁或电流周围的空间存在着磁场。

频率——每秒钟内电流(或电压)方向改变的次数叫做交流电的频率。

周期——交流电每变化一周所需要的时间叫周期。

感抗——交流电流过具有电感的电路时，电感有阻碍交流电流过的作用，这种作用叫做感抗。

容抗——交流电流过具有电容的电路时，电容有阻碍交流电流过的作用，这种作用叫做容抗。

效率——器件或机械，在传递能量过程中总要消耗一部分能量，这样输出的能量将小于输入的能量，输出能量(或功率)与输入能量(或功率)的比值，叫做效率。

退火——是将钢件加热到一定温度(稍高于临界温度)，在此温度停留一定时间，然后缓慢冷却(一般随炉冷却)，称退火。

正火——将钢件加热到临界温度以上，保温一段时间，然后用空气冷却，冷却速度比退火快。

回火——将淬硬的钢件加热到临界点温度以下，保温一段时间，然后在空气中或油中冷却下来。

淬火——将钢件加热到临界点温度以上，保温一段时间，然后在水、盐或油中（个别材料在空气中）急冷下来，使其得到高硬度。

1 自动化水平automatic level是指对一个电厂生产过程实现自动控制所达到的程度。

其中包括参数检测、数据处理、自动控制、顺序控制、报警和联锁保护及其系统设计的完善程度，最终体现在值班员的数量和所能完成的功能上。

火力发电厂的自动化水平是主辅机创造质量及可控性；仪表及控制设备质量；自动化系统设计的完善程度；施工安装质量；电厂运行维护水平及人员素质的综合体现。

2 热工自动化设计design ofthermal power plant automation根据所设计对象的条件和要求，配置一套具有对参数检测(monitor)、报警(alarm)、控制(control) (摹拟量控制、顺序控制或者开一关控制)和联锁保护(protection)功能在内的自动化系统。

即对锅炉、汽轮发机电组及其热力系统、燃烧及煤粉制备系统，除灰、除渣、脱硫、供水、补给水处理、燃油供油系统和环境保护所需的仪表和控制设备作统一的系统设计和安装布置设计。

2 ．1 控制方式control mode指值班员监视和控制机组或者其他热力设备的运行所采取的形式，主要内容是决定控制盘(台) 的位置和所能完成的监控任务。

普通分为就地控制和集中控制两类。

2 ．2 就地控制local control控制盘(台)布置在主辅设备(如锅炉、汽轮机)或者辅助系统(如除氧给水系统、热力网系统)附近，或者置于辅助车间(如补给水处理车间、供油泵房)内，值班员通过控制盘上设备，分别对被控对象的运行进行就地监视和控制。

2 ．3 集中控制centralized control将在生产上有密切联系的设备和相关系统的控制盘(台)集中布置在控制室内，值班员对配套运行的机组进行整体的监视和控制。

2 ．4 机炉集中控制boiler—turbine centralized control将锅炉、汽轮机的控制盘(台)集中布置在控制室内。

主要合用于主蒸汽系统为母管制的机组。

2 ．5 单元集中控制unit centralized control将单元机组(锅炉、汽轮机及发机电)的控制盘(台)(BTG 盘)集中布置在控制室内，值班员把单元机组作为一个整体进行监视和控制。

热工术语英文对照3 热工术语英文3．1 自动化automation采用检测与控制系统，对生产过程进行生产作业，以代替人工直接操作的措施。

对火力发电厂而言，是热力生产过程与电力发供电过程控制的总称。

在一些国家中称“仪表与控制”3．1．1 热工自动化thermopower automation采用检测与控制系统对火力发电厂的热力生产过程进行生产作业，以代替人工直接操作的措施.3．1．2 电气自动化electric automation采用检测与控制系统对火力发电厂的发供电过程进行生产作业，以代替人工操作的措施二次回路(secondarycircuit)。

3．1．3 过程自动化process automation采用检测与控制系统对生产过程进行生产作业，以代替人工直接操作的措施。

3．1．4 全过程自动化whole process automation整个生产过程包括启动、调整、停机与故障处理及其后的重新启动等操作都能自动实现3．1．5 监视monitoring观察工艺系统及设备的运行参数及状态，以确认正确参数和状态，检出不正确参数和状态。

主要是通过测量系统的一个或多个变量并将被测值与规定值比较来完成的。

3．1．6 监控supervision对生产过程的监视和控制。

需要时，还包括保证可靠生产的安全保护操作。

3．1．7 集中监视系统centralized monitoring system集中监视系统由传感器、变送器及计算机与必要的外部设备组成，是把一个车间或整个工厂的所有必要的参数集中到控制盘(台)上的仪表或CRT(参见3．4．4．7)上进行集中显示，以便于值班员进行分析处理或对生产过程进行控制。

3．1．8 系统工程system engineering系统工程是为了最好地实现系统的目的，而对系统对象及其构成要素、组织结构、信息流、控制机构等进行分析和设计的技术。

一般常把极其复杂的研制对象称为系统，它是由相互作用并相互依赖的许多组成部分结合而成的具有特定功能的有机整体。

火力发电厂热工专业常见英语词汇第一篇：火力发电厂热工专业常见英语词汇热工专业词汇小小鸟发表于 2005-10-14 18:50:02A－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ ABC: automatic boiler control锅炉自动控制 AC: alternating current交流电ACC: automatic combustion control 燃烧自动控制ACP: auxiliary control panel 辅助控制盘ACS: automatic control system 自动控制系统 ACT: actuator执行机构 A/D: analog/digital conversion 模数转换ADP: annunciation display panel报警显示板ADS: automatic dispatch system 自动调度系统AEH: analog electro-hydraulic control 模拟式电液调节AFC: air flow control送风控制 AGC: automatic generation control 自动发电量控制AI: analoginput模拟输入 A/M: automatic/manual自动、手动 AO: analog output模拟输出APC: automatic plant control 电厂自动控制ASS: automatic synchronized system 自动同期系统 ARP: auxiliary relay panel 辅助继电器盘ATC: automatic turbine startup or shutdown control system 汽轮机自启停控制系统B－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ BCS: burner control system燃烧器控制系统BF: boiler follow 锅炉跟踪BFC: boiler fuelcontrol 锅炉燃料控制 BPS: by-pass control system 旁路控制系统BTG: boiler turbine generator(panel)锅炉，汽轮机，发电机(控制盘)C－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ CCR: central control room 单元/中央控制室CCS: closed-loop control system 闭环控制系统CHS: coal handling system 输煤控制系统CJC: cold junction compensator 冷端补偿器 CMS: computer monitoring system 计算机监视系统 CPU: central processing unit 中央处理器 CRT: cathode-ray tube阴极射线管屏幕显示器D－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ D/A: digital/analog模数DAS: data acquisition system 数据采集系统DC: direct current直流DCE: data circuit-terminating equipment 数据电路终端设备DCS: distributed control system 分散控制系统 DDC: direct digital control 直接数字控制 DDP: distributed data processing 分散数据处理DEH: digital electro-hydraulic system 数字式电液控制系统 DI: digital input数字量输入 DMP: damper挡板，风门 DO: digital output数字量输出DSB: distributed switch-board 配电盘DTE: data terminal equipment 数据终端设备E－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－EEPROM: electrically-erasable programmable read only memory 电可擦写只读存储器 E/P: electro/pneumatic电/气EPROM: electrically programmable read only memory 电可编程只读存储器 ES: expert system专家系统ETS: emergency trip system 紧急停机系统EWS: engineer work station 工程师工作站F－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ FA: full arc全周进汽 FB: field bus现场总线 FCB: fast cut back 机组快速甩负荷 FDC: furnace draft control 炉膛压力控制 FSS: furnace safety system 炉膛安全系统FSSS:furnace safeguard supervisory system 锅炉炉膛安全监控系统G－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ GV: governor valve 调节阀门H－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ HBP: high-pressure by-pass valve 高压旁路I－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ I&C: instrumentation & control仪表使用和控制 INT: interlock联锁 I/O: input/output输入输出 IDP: integrated data processing 集中数据处理K－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－KB: keyboard键盘L－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－LBP: low-pressure by-pass valve 低压旁路LCD: liquid crystal display 液晶显示器LED: light emitting diode 发光二极管 LS: limit switch限位开关 LS: level switch液位开关－－－－－ MAX/MIN: maximum/minimum 最大值、最小值 MCC: motor control center 电动机控制中心 MCR: maximum continuous rating 最大连续运行负荷 MCS: modulating control system 模拟量控制系统 MEH: micro-electro-hydraulic system 电液控制系统 MFT: master fuel trip总燃料跳闸MHC: mechanical hydraulic control 机械液压式控制MIS: management information system 管理信息系统MMI: man-machine interface 人机接口MTBF: mean time between failures平均无故障工作时间 MTTF: mean time to failure 失效前平均工作时间MTTR: mean time to repair 平均故障修复时间N－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ NC: normally closed 常闭 NO: normally open 常开O－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ OCS: on-off control system 开关量控制系统 OEI: optic eletric interface 光电接口 OFT: oil fuel trip燃油跳闸OPC: overspeed protection control 超速保护控制OS: operator station操作员站P－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ PA: partial arc部分进汽PC: programmable controller 可编程控制器PCS: pulverizer control system 磨煤机控制系统PI/PO: purse input/output 脉冲输入、输出 PID: proportional integral derivative 比例积分微分 PLC: programmable logic controller 可编程逻辑控制器－－－－RAM: random access memory 随机存取存储器 RB: run back 快速减负荷 ROM: read only memory只读存储器 RTC: reheat steam temperature control 再热汽温度控制S－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－SBC: soot blower control system 吹灰控制系统SCM: single chip microcomputer 单片机 SCS: sequence control system 顺序控制系统 SER: sequence events recorder 时间顺序记录仪 SOE: sequence of events事件顺序记录 ST: smart transmitter智能变送器STC: superheated steam temperator control 过热汽温度控制T－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ TAS: turbine automatic system 汽轮机自动控制系统 TBP: turbine by-pass system 汽轮机旁路系统TCS: turbine control system 汽轮机控制系统 TF: turbine follow汽轮机跟踪TSI: turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监视仪表U－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ UCC: unit coordinated control机组协调控制 ULD: unit load demand机组负荷指令 UPS: uninterrupted power supply 不间断电源W－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ WTS: water treatment control system 水处理控制系统第二篇：火力发电厂热工自动化试验室设计标准火力发电厂热工自动化试验室设计标准DL 5004-91主编部门:能源部中南电力设计院批准部门:能源部电力规划设计管理局施行日期:1992年8月能源部电力规划设计管理局关于颁发《火力发电厂热工自动化试验室设计标准》电力行业标准的通知能源电规(1991)1244号各直属电力设计院、省(自治区)电力设计院：为适应电力建设发展的需要，统一设计标准，我部电力规划设计管理局委托中南电力设计院对1978年颁发的《火力发电厂热工自动化试验室设计标准(试行)》进行了修订。

热工术语缩写的英文全称4 火力发电厂自动化常用术语4．1 自动化水平automatic level是指对一个电厂生产过程实现自动控制所达到的程度。

其中包括参数检测、数据处理、自动控制、顺序控制、报警和联锁保护及其系统设计的完善程度，最终体现在值班员的数量和所能完成的功能上。

火力发电厂的自动化水平是主辅机制造质量及可控性；仪表及控制设备质量；自动化系统设计的完善程度；施工安装质量；电厂运行维护水平及人员素质的综合体现。

4．2 热工自动化设计design ofthermal power plant automation根据所设计对象的条件和要求，配置一套具有对参数检测(monitor)、报警(alarm)、控制(control) (模拟量控制、顺序控制或开一关控制)和联锁保护(protection)功能在内的自动化系统。

即对锅炉、汽轮发电机组及其热力系统、燃烧及煤粉制备系统，除灰、除渣、脱硫、供水、补给水处理、燃油供油系统和环境保护所需的仪表和控制设备作统一的系统设计和安装布置设计。

4．2．1 控制方式control mode指值班员监视和控制机组或其他热力设备的运行所采取的形式，主要内容是决定控制盘(台)的位置和所能完成的监控任务。

一般分为就地控制和集中控制两类。

4．2．2 就地控制local control控制盘(台)布置在主辅设备(如锅炉、汽轮机)或辅助系统(如除氧给水系统、热力网系统)附近，或置于辅助车间(如补给水处理车间、供油泵房)内，值班员通过控制盘上设备，分别对被控对象的运行进行就地监视和控制。

4．2．3 集中控制centralized control将在生产上有紧密联系的设备和相关系统的控制盘(台)集中布置在控制室内，值班员对配套运行的机组进行整体的监视和控制。

4．2．4 机炉集中控制boiler—turbine centralized control将锅炉、汽轮机的控制盘(台)集中布置在控制室内。

火力发电厂自动化常用术语英语缩写及解释1 自动化水平AUTOMATIC LEVEL (5)2 热工自动化设计DESIGN OFTHERMAL POWER PLANT AUTOMATION (5)2．1控制方式CONTROL MODE (5)2．2就地控制LOCAL CONTROL (5)2．3集中控制CENTRALIZED CONTROL (5)2．4机炉集中控制BOILER—TURBINE CENTRALIZED CONTROL (5)2．5单元集中控制UNIT CENTRALIZED CONTROL (5)2．6车间无人值班控制NO—OPERATER CONTROL FOR DEPARTMENT (5)3 模拟量控制系统MODULATING CONTROL SYSTEM(MCS) (5)3．1机组协调控制UNIT COORDINATED CONTROL(UCC) (5)3．1．1 锅炉跟踪方式boiler follow mode(turbinebase)(BF) (5)3．1．2 汽轮机跟踪方式turbine follow mode(boilerbase)(TF) (6)3．1．3 协调方式coordinated mode (6)3．2锅炉控制系统BOILER CONTROL SYSTEM (6)3．2．1 给水控制feed—water control (6)3．2．2 燃烧控制combustion control (6)3．2．3 炉膛压力控制furnace pressure control (6)3．2．4 送风控制air flow control (6)3．2．5 燃料控制fuel control (6)3．2．6 过热汽温控制superheat steam temperature control (6)3．2．7 再热汽温控制reheat steam temperature control (6)3．3磨煤机控制系统PULVERIZER CONTROL SYSTEM，MILL CONTROL SYSTEM (6)3．3．1 煤粉温度控制pulverizer temperature control (6)3．3．2 磨煤机人口负压(压力)控制mill inlet pressure control (6)3．3．3 钢球磨煤机负荷控制load control of ball mill (6)3．4汽轮机控制系统TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEM (6)3．4．1 机械液压式控制系统mechanical hydraulic control(MHC) (6)3．4．2 电气液压式控制系统electro—hydraulic control(EHC) (6)3．4．3 数字式电液控制系统digital electro—hydraulic control(DEH) (7)3．4．4 模拟式电液控制系统analog electro—hydraulic control(AEH) (7)3．4．5 给水泵汽轮机电液控制系统micro—electro—hydraulic control system(MEH) (7)3．4．6 汽轮机自启停系统automatic turbine startup or shutdown control system(ATC)7 3．4．7 汽轮机热应力监控系统turbine stress supervisory system (7)3．4．8 汽轮机紧急跳闸系统emergency trip system (ETS) (7)3．4．9 转速控制speed control (7)3．4．10 负荷控制／负荷调节load governing (7)3．4．11 负荷限制load limit (7)3．4．12 超速保护控制over—speed protection control(OPC) (7)3．4．13 超速跳闸保护over—speed protection trip(OPT) (7)3．4．14 阀位控制valve—position control (7)3．4．16 “节流调节throttle governing (7)3．4．17 甩负荷rejection of load (7)3．4．18 (调节汽门)快控fast valving (8)3．4．19 电液转换器electro—hydraulic converter (8)3．4．20 错油门(滑阀) pilot tvalve (8)3．4．21 油动机servomotor (8)3．4．22 阀门管理valve management (8)3．4．23 转速不等率(速度变动率) droop(permanent speed variation) (8)3．4．24 迟缓率(死区) dead band (8)3．5其他 (8)3．5．1 旁路控制系统bypass control system(BPC) (8)3．5．2 自动发电控制automatic generation control(AGC) (8)3．5．3 自动调度系统automatic dispatch system(ADS) (8)3．5．4 自动同期系统automatic synchronized system(ASS) (8)4 开关量控制系统ON—OFFCONTROL SYSTEM(OCS) (8)4．1顺序控制系统SEQUENCE CONTROL SYSTEM(SCS) (8)4．1．1 功能组级控制function group control (8)4．1．2 子功能组级控制subgroup functin control (8)4．1．3 备用设备自动控制automatic stand—by control (8)4．1．4 燃烧器控制系统burner control system(BCS) (8)4．2单个操作ONE—TO—ONE CONTROL (9)4．3选线操作SELECTIVE CONTROL (9)4．4开关量操作器O N—OFF STATION (9)5．报警系统ALARM SYSTEM (9)5．1限值报警LIMIT ALARM (9)5．2偏差报警DEVIATION ALARM (9)5．3信号器ANNUNCIATOR (9)5．4首出原因FIRST OUT (9)5．5报警抑制ALARM CUT OUT (9)6 保护与联锁PROTECTION & INTERLOCK (9)6．1炉膛安全监控系统FURNACE SAFETYGUARD SUPERVISORY SYSTEM(FSSS) (9)6．1．1 总燃料跳闸master fuel trip(MFT) (9)6．1．2 燃料切断fuel trip (9)6．1．3火焰flame (9)6．1．4 火焰包络flame envelope (9)6．1．5 稳定火焰stable flame (9)6．1．6 火焰检测器flame detector (9)6．1．7 全炉膛火焰丧失loss of all flame (9)6．1．8 单燃烧器火焰检测individual burner flame detection (10)6．1．9 层火焰检测elevation flame detection (10)6．1．10全炉膛火焰检测full furnace flame detection (10)6．1．12 角火焰消失loss off lame to a corner (10)6．1．13 部分火焰消失partial loss of flame (10)6．1．14 炉膛吹扫furnac epurge (10)6．1．15 “吹扫风量purge rate (10)6．1．16 吹洗scavenging (10)6．1．17 燃油快速关断阀safety shut off valve，safety trip valve (10)6．2汽轮机监视仪表TURBINE SUPERVISORY INSTRUMENTS(TS L) (10)6．2．1 轴向位移监视器axial movement，thrust positon monitor (10)6．2．2 汽轮机转速监视器turbine speed monitor (10)6．2．3 相对膨胀监视器differential expansion monitor (11)6．2．4 汽轮机绝对膨胀监视器absolute expansion monitor of turbine (11)6．2．5 轴挠度(轴偏心) rotor eccentricity monitor (11)6．2．6 轴(轴承)振动监视器shaft／bearing vibration monitor (11)6．2．7 零转速zoro speed (11)6．2．8 键相传感器keyphasor transducer (11)6．2．9 电涡流传感器eddy current probe (11)6．2．10 转速表tachometer (11)6．2．11 汽轮机(旋转机械)故障诊断系统automated diagnostics for steam turbine(rotating equip— ment)(ADRE) (11)6．3联锁INTERLOCK (11)6．4机组快速甩负荷FAST CUT BACK(FCB) (11)6．5辅机故障减负荷RUN BACK(RB) (11)6．6联锁控制INTERLOCK CONTROL (11)7 控制室、控制楼CONTROL ROOM，CONTROL BUILDING (11)7．1单元控制室UNIT CONTROL ROOM (11)7．2控制室CONTROL ROOM (12)7．3主控制楼ELECTRIC CONTROL BUILDING (12)7．4电缆层或电缆夹层CABLE ROOM (12)7．5就地控制室LOCAL CONTROL ROOM (12)7．6机炉控制室BOILER—TURBINE CONTROL ROOM (12)7．7网络控制室ELECTRIC—NET CONTROL ROOM (12)7．8电子设备室ELECTRONICS ROOM (12)7．9值长室SHIFT ENGINEER ROOM (12)8 控制盘(台、柜) (12)8．1盘、屏PANEL (12)8．2柜CABINET，箱BOX (12)8．3控制盘CONTROL BOARD (12)8．4控制台CONSOLE (12)8．5机组控制盘(BTG盘) BOILER TURBINE GENERATOR PANEL (12)8．6辅助控制盘AUXILIARY PANEL (12)8．7模拟盘(屏) MIMIC PANEL (12)8．8半模拟盘(屏) SEMI—MIMIC PANEL (12)8．9保温箱(柜) WARM—BOX(CABINET) (12)8．10热工配电柜(箱) POWER SUPPLY CABINET FOR ELECTRIC—DRIVE VALVE (12)8．11端子箱(柜、架) TERMINAL BOX(CABINET，RACK) (13)8．12继电器柜RELAY CABINET (13)8．13防护等级DEGREE OF PROTECTION (13)9 仿真机SIMULATOR (13)9．1火电厂仿真机FOSSIL FIRED POWER PLANT SIMULATOR (13)9．2全范围、高逼真度电厂仿真机FULL SCOPE HIGH REALI SMSIMULATOR (13)9．3缩小范围、高逼真度电厂仿真机REDUCED SCOPE HIGH REALI SMSIMULATOR (13)9．4通用型仿真机GENERIC SIMULATOR (13)9．5功能逼真度FUCTIONAL FIDELITY (13)9．6物理逼真度PHYSICAL FIDELITY (13)9．7被仿真电厂REFERENCE PLANT (13)9．8教练员台(指导员台) INSTRUCTOR STATION (13)9．9仿真机软件SIMULATOR SOFTWARE (13)9．10仿真机功能(仿真机控制性能) SIMULATOR CONTROL FEATURES (13)9．11就地操作站LOCAL OPERATING STATION (14)9．12I／O接口装置I／O INTERFACE EGUIPMENT (14)9．13电厂模型软件PLANT MODELS SOFTWARE (14)9．14教练员站软件INSTRUCTOR STATION SOFTWARE (14)9．15诊断和测试软件DIAGNOSTIC AND TEST SOFTWARE (14)火力发电厂自动化常用术语1 自动化水平automatic level是指对一个电厂生产过程实现自动控制所达到的程度。

一锅炉超临界压力锅炉supercritical pressure boiler 亚临界压力锅路subcritical pressure boiler 超高压锅炉super-high pressure boiler蒸汽锅炉steam boiler蒸汽发生器steam generator液态排渣锅炉wet bottom boiler固态排渣锅炉dry bottom boiler燃煤锅炉coal-fired boiler燃气锅炉gas-fired boiler燃油锅炉oil-fired boiler自然循环锅炉natural circulation boiler气包(锅筒)锅炉drum boiler强制循环锅炉controlled circulation boiler 直流锅炉once-through boiler复合循环锅炉combined circulation boiler旋风炉cyclone furnace boiler沸腾炉fluidized bed combustion (FBC) boiler循环流化床锅炉circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) boiler增压循环流化床锅炉pressurized circulating fluidized bed combustion (PCFBC)boiler链条锅炉chain-grate boiler热水锅炉hot-water boiler废热(余热)锅炉waste-heat boiler, heat recovery steamgenerator(HRSG)起动锅炉start-up boiler厂用锅炉auxiliary boiler垃圾焚烧锅炉refuse-fired boiler ,effuse incinerator室内锅炉indoor boiler露天锅炉outdoor boiler单炉膛锅炉single furnace boiler双炉膛锅炉twin furnace boilerW火焰锅炉W-flame ,vertical-fired boilerL火焰锅炉L-shape furnace boiler塔式锅炉tower boiler箱式锅炉box-type boiler炉墙furnace wall汽包(锅筒)drum封头head汽包封头drum end plate, drum head 下降管downcomer集中下降管centralized downcomer 分散下降管distributed downcomer 上升管riser管束tube bundle管屏tube platen省煤气管economizer tube过热器管superheater tube再热器管reheater tube蛇形管coil吊挂管supporting tube引入管inlet pipe引出管outlet pipe饱和蒸汽管saturated steam pipe水冷壁管water wall tube鳍片管finned tube, fin tube, gilled tube 内螺纹管rifled tube, grooved tube吸潮管moisture absorption piping水冷壁water wall膜式水冷壁membrane wall内螺纹水冷壁rifled tube water wall联箱header集汽联箱steam header卫燃带bailey wall, refractory belt包墙管(包覆管)wall enclosure tube防渣管(费斯顿管)slag screen ,Feston tube锅炉本体boiler proper锅炉机组boiler unit锅炉构架boiler structure ,boiler framework 炉膛furnace燃烧器burner直流式燃烧器direct-burner漩流式燃烧器turbulent burner低NOx燃烧器low NOx burner摇摆式燃烧器tilting burner缝隙式燃烧器split burner燃烧室combustion chamber油枪(油喷嘴)oil gun, oil torch风门(挡板)damper一次风primary air二次风secondary air三次风tertiary air煤粉管道pulverized coal piping管板tube plate沸点boiling temperature过热器super heater前屏过热器front platen superheater后屏过滤器rear platen superheater对流过热器convection superheater辐射过热器radiant superheater屏式过热器platen superheater顶棚过热器ceiling superheater包墙过热器wall enclosure superheater前包墙过热器front wall enclosure superheater后包墙过热器rear wall enclosure superheater侧包墙过热器side wall enclosure superheater吹灰器soot blower转动式吹灰器rotary soot blower伸缩式吹灰器retractable soot blower受热面积heating surface area, heat absorption area 炉膛容积furnace volume炉膛热负荷furnace heat release rate, furnace heating as absorption rate 汽水分离器steam separator, moisture separator起动分离器starting separator再循环管recirculating piping暖风器steam air heater再热器reheater再热器冷段primary reheater载热器热段final reheater顶棚ceiling省煤器economizer管式空气预热器tubular air preheater回转式(再生式)空气预热器regenerative air preheater, rotary air preheater板式空气预热器plate air preheater空气预热器air preheater三分仓空气预热器trisector regenerative air preheater漏风系数air leakage coefficient漏风率air leakage ratio漏风系统air leakage system漏风试验air leakage test安全门safety valve安全门开启压力opening pressure of safety valve安全门回座压力safety valve reseating pressure安全门压力整定试验pressure setting test of safety valve 安全门动作压力safety valve operating pressure饱和蒸汽安全门saturated steam safety valve过热蒸汽安全门superheated steam safety valve再热蒸汽安全门reheated steam safety valve防爆门explosion vent检查孔inspection hole事故喷水阀emergency water spray valve汽包事故放水阀emergency drum drain valve三通阀three-way valve反冲洗阀back wash valve取样阀sampling valve插板gate给水大旁路门feedwater overall bypass valve给水小旁路门feedwater individual bypass valve 大板梁plate girder, upper beam外护板outer casing锅炉排污blowdown定期排污扩容器intermittent blowdown flash tank 连续排污扩容器continuous blowdown flash tank 灰斗ash hopper冷灰斗bottom ash hopper ,furnace hopper混合器mixer齿圈(大牙轮) ring gear ,geared ring空调器air conditioner空气压缩机air compressor给煤机coal feeder皮带式给煤机belt coal feeder刮板式给煤机scraper coal feeder叶轮式给煤机paddle coal feeder给粉机pulverized coal feeder磨煤机coal pulverized ,coal mill钢球磨煤机tube mill中速辊式磨煤机roller mill ,bowl mill ,disk roll mill 双进双出钢球磨煤机double inlet and outlet tube mill 中速磨煤机medium speed mill风扇磨煤机beater wheel mill ,beater mill排粉风机pulverized coal exhauster一次风机primary air fan烟气再循环风机gas recirculating fan送风机forced draft fan ,forced fan引风机induced draft fan ,induced fan离心风机centrifugal fan轴流风机axial-flow fan双速风机double speed fan轴流静叶可调风机adjustable static-blade axial-flow fan ,fixed pitch axial-flow fan轴流动叶可调风机adjustable moving-blade axial-flow fan ,variable pitch axial-flow fan 原煤斗raw coal bunker ,raw coal silo煤粉仓pulverized coal bunker输粉机pulverized coal conveyor刮板输粉机scraper pulverized coal conveyor 螺旋输粉机pulverized coal screw conveyor粗粉分离器classifier细粉分离器(旋风分离器) cyclone separator锁气器air lock ,flap减速器speed reducer看火孔observation hole入孔门man hole重油泵heavy oil pump重油加热器heavy oil heater汽-汽热交换器biflux煤气罐gas tank膨胀补偿节expansion joint直吹式制粉系统direct-firing pulverizing system中贮式制粉系统bin storage type pulverizing system 锅炉效率boiler efficiency锅炉热力计算boiler thermodynamic calculation 锅炉空气动力计算boiler aerodynamic calculation锅炉水循环计算boiler water circulation calculation 锅炉水力计算boiler hydrodynamic calculation锅炉强度计算boiler strength calculation锅炉热平衡计算boiler heat balance calculation正平衡法direct balance method反平衡法indirect balance method过剩空气系数excess air coefficient排烟温度flue gas temperature单位蒸发量specific evaporation低温腐蚀low temperature corrosion高温腐蚀high temperature corrosion结渣slagging结垢腐蚀deposit corrosion飞灰磨损fly ash errosion炉膛正压furnace pressure炉膛负压furnace draft最高允许温度maximum permissible temperature 水循环water circulation循环倍率circulation ratio除尘器dust collector ,precipitator静电除尘器electrostatic precipitator整流装置rectifying device锤打装置rapping gear含尘浓度dust loading concentration煤灰细度dust fineness除尘效率dust collection efficiency干式除尘器dry dust collector湿式除尘器wet dust collector ,scrubber文丘里除尘器Venturi scrubber布袋除尘器fabric filter ,bag house钢珠除尘装置shot-cleaning device水膜式除尘器centrifugal scrubber灰渣泵ash pump ,slag pump轴封泵shaft sealing pump灰浆泵ash slurry pump除尘水泵dedusting pump回收水池water recovery pond清水池clean water pond灰浆池ash slurry pond油泵坑oil pump pit灰库ash silo灰场ash yard灰坝ash yard dam耐火砖firebrick保温材料heat-insulating materials干式除灰(气力除灰) pneumatic ash handling水力除灰hydraulic ash handling正压气力除灰pneumatic pressure ash handling负压气力除灰pneumatic vacuum ash handling仓式泵fluidizing transporter空气斜槽airside ,air gravity conveyor灰渣分除bottom and fly ash separate handling 灰渣混除bottom and fly ash mixed handling 灰渣利用bottom and fly ash recovery排渣槽bottom ash hopper埋刮板捞渣机submerged slag conveyor螺旋式捞渣机screw slag conveyor碎渣机clinker grinder ,slag crusher振动筛vibrating screen稳燃器flame stabilizer燃烧器蜗壳burner spiral case雾化器atomizer机械雾化mechanical atomization蒸汽雾化steam atomization空气雾化air atomization气固两相流动gas-solid two-phase flow闭路循环closed cycle蒸汽带水carryover灰膛灭火boiler flame failure ,boiler flame blackout 稳定燃烧stable combustion压力容器pressure vessel支吊架supports and hangers原煤管道raw coal piping风道air duct热风道hot air duct冷风道cold air duct穿墙管套wall-through bushing ,wall-bushing伸缩节expansion joint送粉管道pulverized coal feed piping燃油管道fuel oil piping风管道air piping一次风管道primary air piping两次风管道secondary air piping落粉管pulverized coal chute除灰管道ash piping烟道gas duct ,gas pass尾部烟道convection flue gas pass煤气管gas piping连续排污管continuous blowdown piping烟囱chimney ,stack多管式烟囱muti-flue chimney燃烧combustion四角喷射燃烧corner firing燃烧速度combustion rate机械未完全燃烧热损失heat loss due to mechanical incomplete combustion 化学未完全燃烧热损失heat loss due to chemical incomplete combustion 灰渣热损失heat loss due to sensible heat in refuse排烟热损失heat loss due to flue gas散热损失heat loss due to radiation热损失heat loss火焰flame不稳定燃烧instable combustion负压燃烧balance draft combustion微正压燃烧pressurized combustion炉膛容积热负荷furnace volume heat release rate 炉膛温度furnace temperature锅炉水循环boiler water circulation偏离泡核沸腾departure from nucleate boiling(DNB) 水压试验hydraulic test汽水共腾priming点火ignition点火准备ignition preparation着火点firing point ,ignition temperature折焰角nose飞灰fly ash煤粉细度fineness of pulverized coal灰ash灰的溶化点ash fushion temperature ,ash fushion point ,ash melting point可磨系数grindability index最大蒸发量maximum evaporation锅炉热平衡boiler heat balance超负荷运行overload operation正压positive pressure负压negative pressure理论空气量theoretical air quantity过剩空气量excess air quantity冷风cold air热风hot air除渣slag removal烟气flue gas锅炉上水boiler water filling蠕胀爆管tube burst due to creep汽包满水overfeed of water into drum锅炉灭火boiler fire extinction爆燃puff爆炸(外爆) explosion内爆implosion防爆anti-explosion煤粉自燃pulverized coal self-ignition ,pulverized coal spontaneous combustion 堵灰ash fouling堵煤coal jamming ,coal plugging燃烧切圆firing tangential circle火焰中心flame center积粉pulverized coal deposits积灰ash deposits飞灰可燃物combustibles in fly ash点火用油fuel oil for ignition飞灰腐蚀fly ash corrosion受热面heating surface辐射受热面radiation heating surface对流受热面convection heating surface尾部受热面rear heat recovery surface含氧量oxygen content蒸发量evaporation ,evaporative capacity切换风air switch-over煤耗率coal consumption rate入炉煤发热量heating value of the as fired coal 停炉boiler shutdown熄火boiler shutdown灰水回收recovery of ash slurry water细灰fine ash粗灰coarse ash干灰dry ash湿灰wet ash燃烧系统combustion system ,firing system制粉系统coal pulverizing system除灰系统ash handling system二汽轮机汽轮机steam turbine凝汽式汽轮机condensing steam turbine背压式汽轮机back pressure turbine抽汽式汽轮机steam extraction turbine中间再热式汽轮机steam turbine供热式汽轮机steam turbine steam turbine steam turbine冲动式汽轮机impulse turbine反动式汽轮机reaction turbine轴流式汽轮机axial flow turbine辐流式汽轮机radial flow turbine单轴汽轮机tandem compound turbine ,single-shaft turbine 双轴汽轮机double-shaft turbine前置式汽轮机topping turbine燃气轮机gas turbine高压汽轮机high pressure turbine中压汽轮机medium pressure turbine低压汽轮机low pressure turbine超高压汽轮机ultra pressure turbine亚临界压力汽轮机subcritical pressure turbine超临界压力汽轮机supercritical pressure turbine空冷式汽轮机组air cooled turbine unit燃汽轮机组(装置) gas turbine unit高压汽缸high-pressure(HP)cylinder中压汽缸intermediate pressure(MP)cylinder低压汽缸low-pressure(LP)cylinder内汽缸inner casing外汽缸outer casing上汽缸upper casing下汽缸lower casing汽缸法兰螺栓加热装置cylinder flange heating appliance 汽缸台板(底板) cylinder sole plate汽缸猫抓cylinder claw滑销sliding pin横销traverse pin纵销longitudinal pin立销vertical pin定位销aligning pin ,locating pin汽轮机转子turbine rotor叶轮blade disc叶片blade ,bucket动叶片moving blade静叶片stationary blade叶根型式type of blade root末级叶片长度length of last stage blade 喷嘴室nozzle box末级叶片强度last stage blade stress排汽室steam exhaust hood喷嘴nozzle围带shroud ring拉筋(拉金) lacing wire平衡块balance weight固定螺丝dowel隔板diaphragm隔板套diaphragm sleeve隔板汽封diaphragm seal汽封steam seal gland ,steam sealing 迷宫式汽封labyrinth seal 梳齿式汽封serrate-type steam seal汽封套seal bushing汽封块seal block汽封齿seal tooth轴承支架bearing stoll ,bearing bracket主轴承箱main bearing box滚珠轴承ball bearing滚柱轴承roller bearing滑动轴承sliding bearing推力轴承thrust bearing止推环thrust collar瓦枕bearing pillow锁饼lock推力瓦块thrust bearing pad主油泵main oil pump备用油泵emergency bearing oil pump调速油泵regulation oil pump ,speed governing oil pump 交流润滑油泵AC lube oil pump直流润滑油泵DC lube oil pump注油器oil injector同步器synchronizer同步器手轮synchronizer hand wheel控制滑阀pilot valve随动滑阀servo-valve分配滑阀distributing pilot valve ,distributor valve 中间滑阀intermediate valve微分器differentiator功率限制器load limiter动态校正器dynamic corrector滑阀套valve sleeve喷油嘴oil nozzle弹性调速器flexible governor调速器挡块governor stop危急遮断器滑阀emergency trip pilot valve撞击子ram防火滑阀fire protection pilot valve延滞滑阀delay pilot valve跟踪滑阀follow-up pilot valve电-液转换器electro-hydraulic converter切换滑阀change-over pilot valve危急保安器emergency governor pilot危急保安器滑阀emergency governor pilot valve 超速试验滑阀overspeed test pilot valve喷油式试验滑阀nozzle test pilot valve反馈滑阀feedback pilot valve起动排油阀oil drain valve at start-up紧急放油阀emergency oil relieve valve排油口oil discharge outlet节流滑阀throttle pilot valve活动滑阀movable pilot valve高压自动关闭器high-pressure automatic closing gear中压自动关闭器medium pressure automatic closing gear高压油动机(高压伺服马达) high-pressure hydraulic actuator ,high-pressureservo-motor中压油动机medium-pressure hydraulic actuator, medium-pressureservo-motor杠杆lever轴shaft主轴main shaft传动轴(主动轴) driving shaft被动轴(从动轴) driven shaft小轴axle联轴器coupling刚性联轴器rigid coupling半挠性联轴器semi-flexible coupling齿型联轴器serrated coupling冷油器oil cooler溢油阀oil overflow valve排油烟机oil-fume extractor ,oil fume exhauster 油烟分离器oil-fume separator油净化器oil purifier ,oil conditioner过滤罐filtering tank布袋式过滤器bag filter ,fabric filter齿轮油泵gear oil pump顶轴油泵jacking oil pump柱塞式油泵piston type oil pump螺杆式油泵worm type oil pump盘车装置turning gear盘车手轮turning gear hand wheel化妆板lagging enclosure齿轮gear直齿式齿轮spur gear斜齿式齿轮helical gear伞型齿轮bevel gear蜗轮worm wheel蜗杆worm stem弹簧spring密封油箱sealing oil tank空气侧交流密封油泵air side AC sealing oil pump 空气侧直流密封油泵air side DC sealing oil pump 压差阀differential pressure valve平衡阀balancing valve密封瓦sealing pad缓冲油箱buffer oil tank高位油箱head oil tank ,elevated oil tank事故油箱emergency oil tank磁性过滤器magnetic filter发电机内冷水箱generator inner cooling water tank 发电机内冷水泵generator inner cooling water pump 离子交换器ion exchanger干燥器dryer ,drier冷凝式干燥器condensing type drier凝汽器condenser多压式凝汽器multi-pressure condenser单流程凝汽器signal-pass condenser双流程凝汽器double-pass condenser黄铜管brass tube管板tube plate凝汽器喉部condenser throat热水井hot well凝结水泵condensate pump泵壳pump casing盘根gland packing盘根压盖gland top cover盘根端盖gland end cover填料packing轴封抽汽风机shaft seal extraction fan轴封抽汽冷却器shaft seal extraction cooler ,gland cooler 轴封漏气加热器shaft seal leakage heater低压加热器low-pressure feedwater heater中压加热器medium-pressure feedwater heater高压加热器high-pressure feedwater heater蒸汽冷却器steam cooler疏水冷却器drain water cooler汽侧steam side水侧water sideU型管U-tube除氧器deaerator储水池water storage pond卧式除氧器horizontal type deaerator立式除氧器vertical type deaerator喷雾式除氧器atomizing type deaerator淋水盘water spraying tray ,sprinkling tray除氧水箱deaerated water tank稳定水箱surge water tank ,stablizing water tank除盐水箱demineralized water tank除盐水泵demineralized water pump汽动给水泵steam-driven feedwater pump电动调速给水泵motor-driven variable speed feedwater pump 前置水泵booster pump给水泵feedwater pump机械密封mechanical seal碳精密封环carbon seal ring ,carbon packing ring动环moving ring静环static ring平衡盘balancing disc液力偶合器hydraulic coupler泵轮(主动轮) pump impeller ,driving impeller涡轮(从动轮) whirling impeller ,driven impeller勺管scoop tube辅助油泵auxiliary oil pump疏水泵drain pump疏水扩容器drain flash tank疏水箱drain tank热网加热器heater for heating network ,heating network hot water heater生水加热器raw water heater热网水泵pump for heating network ,heating network hot water pump生水泵raw water pump除尘水泵pump for scrubber ,scrubber water pump壳体case ,shell水室water chamber封头end cover挡板baffle plate导流板guide plate射水泵water jet pump真空泵vacuum pump射水抽汽器water jet air ejector射汽抽汽器steam jet air ejector射水池water jet pond排水池drain water pond工业水泵industrial water pump ,service water pump 排污泵blowdown pump轴流泵axial flow pump清水泵clean water pump污水泵sewage pump排水泵water discharge pump立式深井泵vertical deep-well pump深井泵deep-well pump潜水泵submerged pump循环水泵circulating water pump清污机trash remover混流泵mixed flow pump离心泵centrifugal pump旋转滤网rotating type screen ,screw type strainer 胶球泵rubber ball recirculating pump收球网ball screen装球室ball collector管式冷却器tubular cooler ,tube type cooler板式冷却器plate type cooler冷却水池cooling water pond喷水池spraying water pond冷却水塔cooling tower自然通风冷却塔natural draft cooling tower逆流式冷却塔reverse flow cooling tower横流式塔transverse flow cooling tower机力通风冷却塔mechanical draft cooling tower空气冷却塔air cooling tower干式冷却塔dry cooling tower分水槽water diversion channel竖井shaft ,well闸板井gate well闸门室gate chamber ,gate house挡风板air baffle plate新(主)蒸汽管道main steam piping ,live steam piping主蒸汽系统main steam system再热蒸汽系统reheat steam system抽气系统extraction steam system轴封供汽系统shaft seal steam supply system轴封shaft seal门杆漏气系统valve lever leakage steam system汽缸法兰螺栓加热系统casing flange and hot heating system真空系统vacuum system凝结水系统condenser system再热蒸汽管道reheat steam piping给水系统feedwater system循环水系统circulating water system工业水系统industrial water system ,service water system 供油系统oil supply system密封油系统seal oil system厂用蒸汽系统auxiliary steam system调速系统speed governing system电液调速系统electro-hydraulic speed governing system发电机内冷水系统generator inner cooling water system热网系统heating network system导汽管steam lead pipe连通管inter-connecting pipe抽汽管道steam extraction pipe抽汽母管steam extraction header厂用蒸汽管道plant service steam piping厂用蒸汽母管plant service steam header蒸汽旁路系统steam bypass system蒸汽大旁路single stage steam bypass一级蒸汽旁路first stage steam bypass二级蒸汽旁路second stage steam bypass辅助蒸汽旁路auxiliary steam header供汽联箱steam header回汽联箱return steam header供水联箱water supply header回水联箱return water header门杆漏气管道valve lever steam leakage piping 轴封漏气管道shaft seal leakage steam piping 抽空气管道air extraction piping压缩空气管道compressed air piping氢气管道hydrogen piping疏水管道drain water piping凝结水管道condensate piping循环水管道circulating water piping工业水管道industrial water piping ,service water piping 冷却水管道cooling water piping给水管道feedwater piping除盐水管道demineralized water piping减温水管道attemperating water piping再循环水管道recirculating water piping排水管道water discharge piping润滑油供油管道lube oil supply piping润滑油管lube oil piping调速油管governing oil piping回油管道return oil piping压力油管道pressure oil piping密封油管道seal oil piping脉动油管道pulsating oil piping热网水管道heating network water piping平衡管balance pipe电动主闸门motor-operated main gate高压主汽门high-pressure main stop valve中压主汽门intermediate pressure main stop valve 旁路门bypass valve防腐汽门corrosion-proof valve高压调速汽门high-pressure governor valve中压调速汽门medium pressure governor valve对空排气们atmospheric relief valve疏水门drain valve调整门adjusting valve电动门motor-operated valve手动门hand-operated valve减湿器attemperator ,desuperheater减压器(阀) pressure reducer(valve)减湿减压器temperature and pressure reducer抽汽电动门motor-operated steam extraction valve抽汽逆止门extraction check valve高压排汽逆止门high-pressure exhaust check valve逆止门check valve ,non-return入口门inlet valve出口门outlet valve球型阀globe valve闸板阀gate valve针型阀needle valve翻版阀tripper valve液压阀hydraulic valve控制阀control valve换向阀reverse flow valve疏水阀drain valve蝶阀butterfly valve衬胶门rubber lined valve高压加热器入口联成阀composite valve at high pressure heater inlet 高压加热器出口联成网composite valve at high pressure heater outlet 高压加热器旁路门high pressure heater bypass valve水封阀门water seal valve排污门blowdown valve排气门exhaust steam valve排汽门exhaust steam valve补水门water supply valve ,make-up water valve补油门oil valve ,oil supply valve补氢门hydrogen supply valve空气门air valve真空破坏阀vacuum breaking valve ,vacuum breaker 排汽安全门exhaust steam safety valve弹簧安全门spring relief valve排汽缸喷水门exhaust cylinder water-spraying valve 电磁阀solenoid valve ,magnet valve前载门front intercept valve后载门rear intercept valve排氢门hydrogen vent valve中间抽头门intermediate stage bleed-off valve最小流量阀minimum flow valve暖泵门pump warming valve崩体放水门pump-body water drain valve放水门water discharge valve减温水门attemperating water valve切换门change-over valve ,diverting valve 联络门interconnection valve液压逆止门hydraulic check valve再沸腾逆止门reboiled heating valve放空气门air vent valve再循环门recirculation valve冷却水门cooling water valve热效率thermal efficiency ,heat efficiency 内效率internal efficiency额定工况rated operation condition最大工况maximum operation condition汽耗量steam consumption汽耗率steam consumption rate热耗率specific heat consumption ,heat rate新蒸汽压力initial steam pressure ,live steam pressure 再热蒸汽冷段压力cold reheated steam pressure再热蒸汽热段压力hot reheated steam pressure再热蒸汽热段温度hot reheated steam temperature再热蒸汽冷段温度cold reheated steam temperature主蒸汽流量steam flow再热蒸汽流量reheated steam flow低压缸排汽流量low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam flow 转速rotating speed ,revolution真空度vacuum旋转方向rotation direction给水温度feedwater temperature调节级压力pressure at velocity stage临界转速critical speed吊装重量lifting weight速度变化率speed variation rate迟缓率delay rate凸轮转角cam torque angle过热度superheat degree温差temperature difference端差terminal temperature difference过冷度supercooling degree高压加热器投入率high pressure heater availability rate 轴向位移axial shift ,axial displacement大轴晃动值shaft swinging value ,shaft eccentricity高压缸膨胀high-pressure cylinder expansion中间缸膨胀intermediate pressure cylinder expansion低压缸膨胀low pressure cylinder expansion调速油压governing oil pressure润滑油压lubricating oil pressure脉动油压impulse oil pressure附加保安油压additional safeguard oil pressure滑阀上油压oil pressure above pilot valve滑阀下油压oil pressure under pilot valve润滑油温lubricating oil temperature轴承回油温度bearing return oil temperature轴承钨金温度babbit metal temperature ,bearing metal temperature 推力瓦块温度thrust pad temperature密封油压seal oil pressure油位oil level水中含氧量oxygen content of water凝结水硬度condensate hardness轴(承)振动值shaft(bearing)vibration垂直振动值vertical vibration amplitude水平振动值horizontal vibration amplitude轴向振动值axial vibration amplitude油膜振荡oil film oscillation ,oil whipping冲转impulse starting冷态起动cold start热态起动hot start滑参数起动starting at sliding parameters ,sliding pressure starting滑参数停机shut-down at sliding parameters ,sliding pressureshutting-down升速speed up升速率percentage of maximum momentary speedvariation ,speed-up rate负荷上升率loading rate基本负荷base load调峰运行peak load regulating operation ,cyclic operation空转idling ,idle running手动打闸停机hand trip ,turbine hand trip暖机turbine warming up最短盘车时间minimum turning time低速暖机low speed warming中速暖机medium speed warming滑参数起动曲线starting curve at sliding parameters ,sliding pressurestarting-up curve滑参数停机曲线shutting-down curve at sliding parameters ,slidingpressure shutting-down curve全周进汽full admission部分进汽partial admission ,partial-arc admission喷嘴调节nozzle governing节流调节vacuum breaking破坏真空cylinder metal temperature汽缸金属温度cylinder metal temperature听音检查sound detection惰走时间idling time超速试验overspeed test真空严密性试验vacuum leakage test主汽门严密性试验main steam stop valve leakage test危急遮断器充油试验emergency governor oil filling test低油压保护试验low oil pressure protection test调速系统静止试验governing system pre-operation test调速系统动态特性试验governing system dynamic performance test 调速系统静态特性试验governing system static performance test 甩负荷试验load-dump test ,load-rejection test空负荷试验no-load test满负荷试验full-load test超负荷试验overload test转子平衡试验rotor balancing test动平衡dynamic balancing静平衡static balancing热力试验thermodynamic test叶片频率试验blade frequency test投入运行to be put into operation开启opening关闭closing起动starting-up。

火力发电厂设计术语中英对照Vocabulary For fossil fired power plant目录一、总图部分 (3)二、材料部分 (7)三、锅炉动力部分 (10)四、汽轮机部分 (28)五、水工工艺部分 (34)六、化学水处理部分 (37)七、输煤部分 (40)八、除灰系统 (42)九、电气部份 (43)十、热工自动化部分 (52)十一、给排水部分 (61)十二、土建部分 (63)十三、综合部分 (81)一、总图部分（一）图纸名称厂区总平面布置图：Plant plot plan厂区竖向布置图：Plant vertical layout厂区场地初平图：Preliminary ground leveling厂区场地终平图：Finish ground leveling厂区排水沟布置及详图：Drainage layout & details厂区道路布置及详图：Layout of plant road & details厂区栅栏大门平面布置图：Fence & gate layout厂区管线综合布置图：Pipe-line complex layout厂区管沟、电缆沟布置图：Trench for pipe and cable layout & details厂区管架布置图：Rack for pipe and cable layout厂区煤水沟布置及详图：Ditch for coal water layout & details厂平面布置图：plant layout总体平面布置图：general plan layout总体布置：general layout总图布置：general layout of plant site（二）技术术语地形图：topographic drawing; topographic map测绘：survey and drawing(mapping)海拨标高：elevation above sea level地震烈度：earthquake intensity厂址及自然环境的概况：general survey of plant site and natural environment 电厂厂址：plant site电厂位置：location of power plant总体布置：general layout地势：terrain平坦：smooth平原：flat ground外观：outward appearance岩理：banding地势平坦：smooth terrain土壤耐压力：bearing capacity of soil气象及水文资料：meteorological and hydrologic data变化天气日数：foul weather days气候温和：a temperate climate气压：atmospheric pressure气温：atmospheric temperature最高气温：highest atmospheric temperature最低气温：lowest atmospheric temperature平均气温：average temperature平均最高：maximum average绝对最低：minimum absolute绝对最高：maximum absolute露点温度：dew point temperature相对湿度：relative humidity毫巴：mob (millibar)主导风向：prevailing wind东北风：north-east wind南风：south wind风速：wind velocity能见度：visibility雾：fog薄雾：mist多雾的：foggy暴雨：storm wind雷暴日：thunderstorm降雨量：rainfall24小时最大降雨量：24 hours maximum rainfall平均日降雨量：daily average rainfall平均年降雨量：annual average rainfall多云天气：cloudy潮汐：tide冰雹：hail海水：sea water湖水：river water地面水：surface water地下水：ground-water深层水：water in deep layer水位：water level水位降落深度：lowering of water level深井水资料：deep well water data深井水水质分析：qualitative analysis of deep well water 水力坡度：hydraulic gradient最高洪水：highest flood最高洪水位：maximum flood level历年最高洪水位：highest flood level over the years旱季：dry season丰水期：water-rich stage洪水期：flood period枯水期：dry period封冻期：frost period通航期：navigable period封冻日数：frost duration影响半径：radius of influence四季常青：evergreen水果园：orchard秧苗：rice seeding绿化：greening肥料：fertilizer工作制度：working regime三班运行：three shifts operation生产能力：productive capacity人员组成：personnel component道路标高：elevation of road junction室内地坪标高：elevation of floor level室外地坪标高：elevation of ground level征地线：boundary-line of land expropriation 建筑坐标标注：mark of building coordinate孔隙率 pore ratio(porosity)渗漏率 seepage rate均匀系数 uniformity coefficient（三）建筑物名称工厂围墙：plant enclosing wall围栅：fence综合管架：combined pipe frame场地排水明渠：siet drainage ditch新建（构）筑屋：new buildings & structures地下设施：underground installtion新建道路：newly built road15OkV屋外配电装置：15OkV switchyard网络控制楼：switch yard control building厂用变压器：station-service transformer主变压器：main transformer启动/备用变压器：start-up/stand by transformer集中控制楼：central control building输煤综合楼：coal handling control building贮煤场：coal storage yard驱动间: driving house碎煤机室：crusher house转运站：transfer tower输煤栈桥：coal track带式输送机廊道及栈桥：Belt Conveyor Gallery And Viaduct 引桥：approach trestle除铁器间：magnetic separator house采样器间：sampling house推煤机库：bulldozer garage斗轮机：Bucket Wheel Stacker-reclaimer点火油库：ignition oil depot点火油泵房：ignition oil pump room渣仓：slag silo灰库：ash silo灰场：ash yard沉灰池：ash water depositing pond灰库气化风机房：gas blower house灰场管理间：ash yard management station灰水处理间：ash flushing water disposal room灰场管理站车库：garage of ash yard management station煤水处理站：coal water setting pond沉煤池：coal water depositing pond电除尘控制楼：ESP control building综合泵房：combined pump houes消防泵房：fire-fighting pump house泡沫泵房：foam pump house工业废水处理站：factory effluent disposal station工业废水集水井：industrial waste water collecting water well生活污水处理间：domestic sewage disposal station生活污水调节池：sanitary adjust water pond化学水处理站：chemical water treatment room海水淡化车间：desalination plant of sea water海水预处理站：pretreatment station of seawater淡水池：fresh water pond中水池：water pond制氯间：chlorination room制氢站：hydrogen generation plant & storage tank启动锅炉房：start-up boiler house锅炉岛：boiler island煤仓间：bunker room除氧间：deaerator room汽机房：turbine house烟囱及烟道：chimney & chimney flue静电除尘器：electrostatic precipitator引风机室：induced draet fan循环水泵房：circulating water pump house循环水配电间：switchborad room of circulating water pump house 循环水加药间：water intake dosing house虹吸井：siphon well联络阀门井：connecting valve well排水明渠：dischager canal排水口：water discharge取水口：water intake取水构筑物：water intake structure取水明渠土：water intake open channel取水泵房：water intake pump house生产检修间：work and maintenance shop材料库：warehouse化学试验楼：chemical laboratory building行政管理楼：administration building消防站：fire-hose station车棚：car shed传达室：guard house煤码头：coal jetty防浪堤：breakwater/bulwark/digue/seawall 护岸：breast wall二、材料部分（一）技术术语材料表: materials list主要材料: main materials设备编号: equipment no.(eqpt.No.)序号: ser. No.名称: name规格: specification数量: quantity (qty)备注: remarks注: note件、根、只: piece付: pair无缝：SEAMLESS（SMLS）镀锌：GALVNIZED（GALV）螺纹：THREAD（T.E）加厚: THICKED (T.D)对焊: BUTT-WELDING (B.W)承插焊: SOCKET-WELDING (S.W)卡套式: FERRULE-TYPE (F.T)插入式：INSERT-TYPE (INT)压环式：COMPRESSION-TYPE (COMP)内螺纹：FEMALE THREAD (F)外螺纹：MALE THREAD (M)石棉泥封堵: block up with asbestos（二）材料名称阀门：valve闸阀：gate valve隔离阀：isolation valve截止阀：stop valve止回阀：check valve法兰截止阀：flanged stop valve法兰止回阀：flanged check valve法兰闸阀：flanged gate valve内螺纹截止阀：internal threads stop valve调节阀：Control valve法兰：flange法兰堵板：flange cover90度弯头：90°elbow弯通：elbow三通：tee膨胀伸缩节：expansion joint螺栓：bolt螺母：nut垫圈：washer镀锌钢管：galvanized steel pipe厚壁钢管：thick-walled steel pipe薄壁钢管：thin-walled steel pipe无缝钢管：seamless steel pipe焊接钢管：welded steel pipe镀锌水煤气输送钢管：galvanized water-gas steel pipe不锈钢钢管：stainless steel pipe螺旋缝电焊钢管：spiral welded steel pipe混凝土管：concrete pipe钢筋混凝土管：reinforced concrete pipe玻璃钢管：glass fiber reinforced plastics pipe （FRP）PVC管：PVC pipe法兰管：pipe flanged pipe承插管：spigot and socket pipe喇叭管：flared pipe异径管：reducing pipe套管：sleeve pipe钢套管：steel sleeve pipe柔性防水套管：flared pipeⅠ型刚性防水套管：type Ⅰrigid water-proof sleeve刚性防水套管：rigid water-tight sleeve槽钢：steel channel角钢：steel angle扁钢：steel flat石棉橡胶垫圈：asbestos-rubber washer石棉橡胶垫片：asbestos rubber spacer吊支架：hanger二阀组：2-VALVE MANIFOLD多路阀：GAUGE MULTIPORT VALVE三阀组：3-VALVE MANIFOLD五阀组：5-VALVE MANIFOLD导压管：PRESSURE TAP气动管：PNEUMATIC TUBE取压管接头：PRESSURE TAP压力表接头：GAUGE CONNECTOR冷凝弯（圈）：pipe siphon终端接头：end connector活接头：union取源法兰接管：weld neck flange取源管接头：pressure tap直通终端接头：end connector直通中间接头或活接头：union弯通中间接头：elbow三通中间接头：tee取源法兰接管：weld neck flange取源管接头：pressure tap直通终端接头：end connector直通中间接头或活接头: union弯通中间接头: elbow三通中间接头: tee穿板接头：bulkhead填料函：packing带丝堵的三通：plug tee放空丝堵：vent plug排放丝堵：drain plug隔离容器：seal chamber冷凝容器：condensate pot分离容器：separator or seal chamber大小头：reducer管帽：cap丝堵：plug单头活接头：half union伴热管：tracer保温：insulation疏水器：steam trap保温箱（保护箱）：heating box (protection box)防爆密封接头：EX(d).armored-cable packing gland防水密封接头：water-proof packing gland防爆铠装电缆密封接头：EX(d).armored-cable packing gland防水铠装电缆密封接头：water-proof armored-cable packing gland 接管式防爆密封接接头：EX(d). packing gland for connecting pipe防爆密封接头挠性管：flexible conduit with EX(d). packing gland防水密封接头挠性管：flexible conduit with water-proof packing gland防水挠性管：water-proof flexible conduit低压镀锌焊接钢管：low pressure galvanized pipe.(L.P.GALV.)钢制电缆管：rigid steel conduit穿线盒：pull box密封接头：sealing fitting护线帽：bushing锁紧螺母；lock nut管箍：coupling标准弯管：normal bend通用穿线盒：univerasal fitting增安型：increased-safefty接线箱：junction box电缆汇线槽：cable duct电缆桥架：cable tray电力电缆：power cable控制电缆：control cable补偿电缆：compensating cable多芯电缆：multi-core cable同轴电缆：coaxial cable计算机电缆：阻燃电缆：fire retarded cable防火电缆；油基橡胶绝缘电缆：oil base rubber insulated cable油基橡胶绝缘电缆：oil base rubber insulated cable多芯油基橡胶绝缘电缆：multi conductor oil base rubber insulated cable油基橡胶绝缘三芯电缆：oil base rubber insulated triple-core cable电缆套：cable gasket三、锅炉动力部分（一）图纸名称总说明及卷册目录：Description of detail design and volume list设备清册：Equipment list主厂房布置图：Arrangement drawing of main building辅助设备安装图：Auxiliary equipment erection diagram within main building 制粉系统安装图：Pulverized coal system erection diagram烟风系统安装图：Flue gas and air system erection diagram锅炉房辅助设备安装图：Auxiliary equipment erection drawing within boiler areaand coal bunker bay锅炉房平台扶梯安装图：Platforms and stairs within boiler area and coal bunkerbay锅炉房检修起吊设施安装图：Hoists and monorails within boiler area and coal bunkerbay磨煤机、给煤机设备安装图：Mill and coal feeder erection diagram送风机、引风机、一次风机设备安装图：Forced draft fan,induced draft fan and Primary air fanerection diagram制粉系统：Pulverized coal system原煤及制粉系统图：Raw coal and pulverized fuel handling system flow diagram 送粉管道安装图：Pulverized coal feed pipe erection diagram烟风系统：Flue gas and air system锅炉烟风道系统图：Air and flue gas system flow diagram一次冷风道安装图：Primary cold air duct erection diagram一次热风道安装图：Primary hot air duct erection diagram二次冷风道安装图：Secondary cold air duct erection diagram二次热风道安装图：Secondary hot air duct erection diagram烟道安装图：Flue gas duct erection diagram锅炉监控设备冷却风道安装图：Flame scanning equipment colding air duct erectiondiagram给煤机、磨煤机密封风道安装图：Mill and coal feeder sealing air duct erection diagram 仪用及厂用压缩空气系统流程图：Instrument air and service air system flow diagram锅炉房仪用及厂用压缩空气管道安装图：Instrument air and service air pipe erection diagramwithin boiler area空压机室设备及管道安装图：Equipment and pipe erection diagram within compressorhouse锅炉疏水排污系统：Boiler drain and blowdown system锅炉疏水、排汽系统图：Boiler drain and vent system flow diagram锅炉排污管道安装图：Boiler blowdown pipe erection diagram锅炉放水管道安装图：Discharge pipe erection diagram within boiler house 连排扩容器有关管道安装图: Continuous Blowdown Flash Tank miscellaneous pipeerection diagram定排扩容器排污、排汽管道安装图：Intermittent Blowdown Flash Tank miscellaneous pipeerection diagram锅炉吹灰系统疏水管道安装图：Soot blower system drain pipe erection diagram燃油系统：Fuel oil system燃油系统图：Fuel oil system flow diagram燃油系统及总平面布置图：Fuel oil system diagram and general layout燃油系统及总平面布置图：Fuel oil system diagram and general layout卸油设备及管道安装图：Equipment & pipe erection diagram within unloading oilpump house油泵房设备及管道安装图：Equipment & pipe erection diagram within oil supply pumphouse厂区燃油、汽水管道安装图：Fuel oil area to start-up boiler and main building pipeerection diagram锅炉房燃油管道安装图：Fuel oil pipe erection diagram within boiler area油罐区设备管道安装图：Equipment and pipe erection diagram within oil tank area 污油处理设备及管道安装图：Contaminated oil handling system equipment & Pipeerection diagram油罐开孔图：Open pore drawing of oil tank其它系统：Miscellaneous system within main building锅炉房杂项管道安装图：Miscellaneous pipe erection diagram within boiler areaand coal bunker bay柴油发电机房设备和管道安装图：Equipment and pipe within diesel generator house启动锅炉房：Star-up boiler启动锅炉房系统及布置图：system and arrangement drawing of start-up boiler house 启动锅炉燃油、烟风系统设备及管道安装图：Fuel oil ,Air and Flue gas system equipment & pipe erectiondiagram within start-up boiler house启动锅炉汽水系统设备及管道安装图：Stem-water system equipment & pipe erection diagramwithin start-up boiler house启动锅炉排汽管道安装图：Exhaust and vent pipe erection diagram within start-upboiler house启动锅炉房至海水淡化蒸汽管道安装图：Start-up boiler to desalination plant steam pipeerection diagram烟道加强筋图：drawing of flue reinforcement取样冷却安装图：erection diagram of sample cooler水封制作图：working drawing of water seal软化水箱制作安装图：working and erection diagram of softened water tank 盐溶液箱制作安装图：working and erection diagram of salt solution tank排污冷却池图：drawing of blow down cooling pond管道平面布置图：layout of piping line剖视图：section冷风道安装图：erection diagram of flue除尘器安装图：erection diagram of dust collector出灰管安装图：erection diagram of ash discharging pipe热平衡图：heat balance diagram等角简图：schematic isometric进口阀门清册：imported valves list锅炉房辅助设备安装图：Auxiliary equipment erection drawing within boiler areaand coal bunker bay锅炉房平台扶梯安装图：platforms and stairs within boiler area and coal bunker bay 锅炉房检修起吊设施安装图：motor-driven boiler feed water pump and condensate pumperection drawing磨煤机、给煤机设备安装图：mill and coal feeder erection drawing送风机、引风机、一次风机设备安装图：forced draft fan,induced draft fan and Primary air fanerection drawing原煤及制粉系统图：raw coal and pulverized fuel handling system flow diagram 送粉管道安装图：pulverized coal feed pipe erection drawing锅炉烟风道系统图：air and flue gas system flow diagram烟道安装图（2号除尘器出口侧）：erection drawing of flue duct(outlet of ESP for 2#boiler)烟道（烟囱进口）安装图：erection drawing of flue gas duck inlet of cheimney锅炉监控设备冷却风道安装图：flame scanning equipment colding air duct erection drawing 给煤机、磨煤机密封风道安装图：mill and coal feeder sealing air duct erection drawing空气预热器冲洗水管道安装图：erection Drawing of Air Preheater Washing Water Piping辅助蒸汽系统流程图：auxiliary steam system flow diagram启动锅炉房至辅助蒸汽供汽管道安装图：start-up boiler to auxiliary steam pipe erection drawing辅助蒸汽汽源管道安装图：auxiliary steam source pipe erection drawing辅助蒸汽母管安装图：auxiliary steam connection pipe erection drawing制粉系统消防管道安装图：pulverized coal handling system fire control steam pipeerection drawing减温水及杂用水管道安装图：LP desuperheating water pipe erection drawing凝结水补充水和锅炉上水管道安装图：condensate make-up water pipe erection drawing除盐水管道安装图：erection drawing of condensate overflow to make-up watertank piping1号机锅炉房闭式循环水管道安装图：No.1 unit closed cycle cooling water pipe erectiondrawing within boiler area疏水扩容器有关管道安装图：condenser flash tank miscellaneous pipe erection drawing 仪用及厂用压缩空气系统流程图：instrument air and service air system flow diagram锅炉房仪用及：instrument air and service air pipe erection drawing厂用压缩空气管道安装图boiler area空压机室设备及管道安装图：equipment and pipe erection drawing within compressorhouse厂区压缩空气管道安装图：compressed air pipe erection drawing between compressorhouse and main building锅炉疏水、排汽系统：boiler drain and vent system flow diagram锅炉排污管道安装图：boiler blowdown pipe erection drawing锅炉放水管道安装图：discharge pipe erection drawing within boiler house连排扩容器管道安装图：continuous Blowdown Flash Tank miscellaneous pipeerection drawing定排扩容器排污、排汽管道安装图：intermittent Blowdown Flash Tank miscellaneous pipeerection drawing锅炉吹灰系统疏水管道安装图：soot blower system drain pipe erection drawing燃油系统及总平面布置图：fuel oil system diagram and general layout卸油泵房设备及管道安装图：equipment & pipe erection drawing within unloading oilpump house锅炉房燃油管道安装图：fuel oil pipe erection drawing within boiler area油罐区设备管道安装图：equipment and pipe erection drawing within oil tank area 油罐开孔图：open pore drawing of oil tank氮气管道安装图：N2 pipe erection drawing空气预热器冲洗水管道安装图：air preheater washing water & discharge pipe erectiondrawing全厂疏放水管道安装图：discharge pipe erection drawing within main building 锅炉房杂项管道安装图：miscellaneous pipe erection drawing within boiler areaand coal bunker bay柴油发电机房设备安装图：equipment and pipe within diesel generator house启动锅炉房系统及布置图：system and arrangement drawing of start-up boiler house 启动锅炉房设备及主要阀门清册：equipment list of start-up boiler house启动锅炉房设备安装图：fuel oil ,Air and Flue gas system equipment & pipe erectiondrawing within start-up boiler house启动锅炉区管道安装图：stem-water system equipment & pipe erection drawingwithin start-up boiler house启动锅炉排汽管道安装图：exhaust and vent pipe erection drawing within start-upboiler house热机设备部分保温油漆设计：design of insulation and painting of thermal mechanicequipment热机管道部分保温油漆设计：design of insulation and painting of thermal mechanic启动锅炉排汽管道安装图：exhaust and vent pipe erection drawing within start-upboiler house（二）技术术语蒸汽工况：steam condition蒸发量：evaporating capacity负荷：load流量：flow工作压力：working pressure工作温度：working temperature过热蒸汽温度：super-heated steam temperature二次再热：double-reheat/double-reheated主蒸汽：main steam主蒸汽回路：main steam circuit辅助用蒸汽：auxiliary steam闭式循环：closed cycle热平衡：heat balance热循环：heat cycle锅炉及透平控制：boiler and turbine control system给水：feed-water给水系统：feed-water system给水设备：feed-water equipment锅炉补给水系统：boiler make-up water system循环水系统：circulating water system循环冷却水系统：circulating cooling water system冷却水：cooling water冷却水系统：cooling water system封闭式水冷却系统：closed cooling water system凝结水净化系统：condensate clean-up system喷水系统：water sprinkling system闭路（封闭回路）：closed circuit烟气：flue gas烟道气：stack gas集尘系统：dust collecting system右旋：right-handed左旋：left-handed冲刷系统：sluicing system接冲灰水管：connecting to ash sluicing water pipe排灰系统：ash exhausting system炉底灰：bottom ash飞灰：fly ash灰：ash灰的熔化点：ash fushion temperature, ash fushion point, ash melting灰渣系统：ash system炉灰处理系统：ash disposal system除灰：ash removal主要设备及辅助设备：main equipment and auxiliaries锅炉汽水系统：boiler steam and water circuit最大蒸发量：maximum evaporation单位蒸发量：specific evaporation额定蒸发量：nominal capacity最大连续蒸发量：maximum continuous rating额定蒸汽参数：nominal steam parameter额定蒸汽压力：nominal steam pressure额定蒸汽温度：nominal steam temperature额定热水温度：nominal hot water temperature给水温度：feed water temperature排污率：rate of blowdown锅炉热力计算：thermal calculation for boilers燃料消耗量：fuel consumption计算燃料消耗量：calculated fuel consumption理论燃烧温度：theoretical combustion temperature炉膛出口烟气温度：furnace outlet gas temperature排烟温度：exhaust gas temperature锅炉热效率：boiler efficiency锅炉热损失：boiler heat loss排烟热损失：heat loss due to exhaust gas;气体不完全燃烧热损失：heat loss due to unburned gases;固体不完全燃烧热损失：heat loss due to unburned carbon in refuse; 散热损失：heat loss due to radiation;灰渣物理热损失：heat loss due to sensible heat in slag飞灰可燃物含量（飞灰含碳量）：unburned combustible in flue dust漏风系数：air leakage factor燃烧控制系统：combustion control system燃烧方式：mode of combustion层燃：fuel bed firing悬浮燃烧：suspension切向燃烧：tangentially firing四角喷射燃烧：corner firing不稳定燃烧：instable combustion负压燃烧：balance draft combustion微负压燃烧：pressurized combustion燃料：fuel热值：calorific value燃料油：fuel oil点火：ignition点火准备：ignition preparation着火点：firing point, ignition temperature折焰角：furnace arch燃烧切圆：firing tangential circle火焰中心：flame center燃烧：combustion燃烧效率：combustion efficiency燃烧速度：combustion rate机械未完全燃烧热损失：heat loss due to mechanical incomplete combustion 化学未完全燃烧热损失：heat loss due to chemical incomplete combustion 灰渣热损失：heat loss due to sensible heat in refuse排烟热损失：heat loss due to flue gas散热损失：heat loss due to radiation热损失：heat loss火焰：flame炉膛容积热负荷：furnace volume heat release rate炉膛温度：furnace temperature锅炉水循环：boiler water circulation偏离泡核沸腾：departure from nucleate boiling(DNB)水压试验：hydraulic test汽水共沸：priming煤粉细度：fineness of pulverized coal可磨系数：grindability index锅炉热平衡：boiler heat balance超负荷运行：overload operation正压：positive pressure负压：negative pressure理论空气量：theoretical air quantity过剩空气量：excess air quantity除渣：slag removal烟气：flue gas锅炉上水：boiler water filling蠕胀爆管：tube burst due to creep汽包满水：overfeed of water into drum锅炉灭火：boiler fire extinction爆燃：puff爆炸（外爆）：explosion内爆：implosion防爆：anti-explosion煤粉自燃：pulverized coal self-ignition, pulverized coalspontaneous combustion堵灰：ash fouling堵煤：coal jamming, coal plugging积粉：pulverized coal deposits粉灰：ash deposits飞灰可燃物：combustibles in fly ash灰水回收：recovery of ash slurry water细灰：fine ash粗灰：coarse ash干灰：dry ash湿灰：wet ash燃烧系数：combustion system, firing system制粉系统：coal pulverizing system除灰系统：ash handling system点火用油：fuel oil for ignition飞灰腐蚀：fly ash corrosion含氧量：oxygen content蒸发量：evaporation, evaporative capacity切换风：air switch-over煤耗率：coal consumption rate入炉煤发热量：heating value of the as fired coal停炉：boiler shutdown熄火：fire-off一次风（一次空气）：primary air二次风（二次空气）：secondary air三次风（三次空气）：tertiary air冷风：cold air热风：hot air炉膛容积热负荷：furnace volume heat release rate干式除灰（气力除灰）：pneumatic pressure ash handling水力除灰：hydraulic ash handling空气斜槽：airslide, air gravity conveyor灰渣分除：bottom and fly ash separate handling灰渣混除：bottom and fly ash mixed handling灰渣利用：bottom and fly ash recovery气固两相流动：gas-solid two-phase flow闭路循环：closed cycle蒸汽带水：carryoery炉膛灭火：boiler flame failure, boiler flame blackout 稳定燃烧：stable combustion锅炉效率：boiler efficiency锅炉热力计算：boiler thermodynamic calculation锅炉空气动力计算：boiler aerodynamic calculation锅炉水循环计算：boiler water circulation calculation锅炉水力计算：boiler hydrodynamic calculation锅炉强度计算：boiler strength calculation锅炉热平衡：boiler heat balance calculation正平衡法：direct balance method反平衡法：indirect balance method排烟温度：flue gas temperature低温腐蚀：low temperature corrosion高温腐蚀：high temperature corrosion结垢腐蚀：deposit corrosion飞灰磨损：fly ash erosion炉膛负压：furnace draft最高允许温度：maximum permissible temperature炉膛正压：furnace pressure水循环：water circulation循环倍率：circulation ratio含尘浓度：dust loading concentration煤灰细度：dust fineness除尘效率：dust collection efficiency沸点：boiling temperature受热面积：heating surface area, heat absorption area炉膛热负荷：furnace heat release rate, furnace heating absorptionrate 炉膛容积：furnace volume漏风系数：air leakage coefficient漏风率：air leakage ratio漏风系统：air leakage system漏风试验：air leakage test安全门开启压力：opening pressure of safety valve安全门回座压力：safety valve reseating pressure安全门压力整定试验：pressure setting test of safety valve安全门动作压力：safety valve operating pressure（三）部件名称补偿器：compensation烟道检查门：flue inspection door直流式蒸汽发生装置：once-through steam generator蒸汽发生器：steam generator锅炉汽包：：boiler drum上汽包：steam drum下汽包：water drum水冷壁：water wall链条炉排：chain grate stoker炉顶：furnace roof联箱：header平台：platform过渡部分：transition section末级再热屏：finishing reheater platen末级过热屏：finishing superheater platen低压再热器：low pressure reheat furnace高压再热器：high pressure reheat furnace再热器：reheater喷水式过热降温器：desuperheating spray水喷雾器：water injection spray燃烧器平台：burner platform煤粉燃烧器：pulverized coal burner蒸汽雾化轻油喷咀：steam atomizing light oil sprayer 点火器：ignitor风门调节挡板：air damper出口闸板：outlet gate风箱：wind box余热省煤器：water heat economizer疏水器：steam trap水分离器：water separator滤清器：filter回转式过滤器：rotary strainer主蒸汽管道：main steam piping副汽管：branch steam piping旁路：by-pass补充水管：make-up pipe给水阀：feed-water valve异径烟道：reducing flue方接圆烟道：square to circle section flue直烟道：straight flue锅炉烟道：boiler flue锅炉烟道出口：boiler flue outlet落灰门：ash sluice gate直风管：straight air duct异径风管：reducing air duct弯头风管：bending air duct异形风管：special-shaped air duct加强板：reinforce plate框架：frame受热面：heating surface辐射受热面：radiation heating surface对流受热面：convection heating surface尾部受热面：rear heat recovery surface再热受热面：reheat surface锅炉连续排污管：continuous blowdown pipe锅炉定期排污管：periodic blowdown pipe循环水给水管：circulating water feed pipe循环水回水管：circulating water return pipe凝结水泵排水联管：condensate pump discharge header受热面：heating surface辐射受热面：radiant heating surface对流受热面：convection heating surface附加受热面：auxiliary heating surface管束：tube bank对流烟道：convection pass风道：air duct水冷炉膛：water cooled furnace绝热炉膛：insulating furnace冷灰斗：water-cooled hopper bottom炉拱：arch煤粉燃烧器：powdered coal burner旋流式煤粉燃烧器：cyclone type burner直流式煤粉燃烧器：impellerless burner锅筒：drum锅壳：shell人孔：manhole集箱（联箱）：header旋风分离器：cyclone separator百叶窗分离器：corrugated scrubber下降管：downcomer蒸发受热面：evaporating heating surface水冷壁：water-cooled wall膜式水冷壁：membrane wall防渣管（凝渣管）：boiler slag screen锅炉管束：boiler convection tube bank再热器：reheater减温器：desuperheater，attemperator省煤器：economizer沸腾式省煤器：steaming economizer非沸腾式省煤器：nonsteaming economizer钢管式省煤器：steel tube economizer鳍片管式省煤器：finned tube economizer铸铁肋片管式省煤器：cast-iron gilled tube economizer;可分式省煤器（独立式省煤器）：separated economizer空气预热器：air heater钢管式空气预热器：tubular air heater;再生式回转空气预热器：rotary regenerative air heater;受热面转动型再生式空气预热器：rotating-plate type regenerative air heater; 风罩转动型再生式空气预热器：stationary-plate type regenerative air heater; 板式空气预热器：plate type recuperative air heater锅炉炉墙：boiler setting炉墙：furnace wall汽包（锅筒）：drum封头：head汽包封头：drum end plate/drum head下降管：downcomer集中下降管：centralized downcomer分散下降管：distributed downcomer上升管：riser管束（排）：tube bundle管屏：tube platen省煤器管：economizer tube过热器管：superheated tube再热器管：reheater tube蛇形管：coil吊挂管：supporting tube引入管：inlet pipe引出管：outlet pipe饱和蒸汽管：saturated steam pipe水冷壁管：water wall tube鳍片管：finned tube/fin tube/gilled tube 内螺纹管：rifled tube/grooved tube吸潮管：moisture absorption piping水冷壁：water wall膜式水冷壁：membrane wall内螺纹水冷壁：rifled tube water wall联箱：header集汽联箱：steam header卫燃带：bailey wall/refractory belt包墙管（包覆管）：wall enclosure tube防渣管（弗斯顿管）：slag screen/feston tube锅炉本体：boiler proper锅炉机组：boiler unit锅炉构架：boiler structure炉膛：boiler framework燃烧器：furnace直流式燃烧器：direct-flow burner旋流式燃烧器：turbulent burner低氮氧化物燃烧器：low NOX burner摇摆式燃烧器：tilting burner缝隙式燃烧器：split burner燃烧室：combustion chamber油枪：oil gun torch风门：damper一次风：primary air二次风：secondary air三次风：tertiary air煤粉管道：pulverized coal piping管板：tube plate过热器：superheater前屏过热器：front platen superheater后屏过热器：rear plate superheater对流过热器：convection superheater辐射过热器：radiant superheater屏式过热器：plate superheater顶棚过热器：ceiling superheater包墙过热器：wall enclosure superheater前包墙过热器：front wall enclosure superheater 后包墙过热器：rear wall enclosure superheater侧包墙过热器：side wall enclosure superheater吹灰器：soot blower转动式吹灰器：rotary soot bolwer伸缩式吹灰器：retractable soot blower汽水分离器：steam separator/moisture separator 起动分离器：starting separator再循环管：recirculating piping暖风器：steam air heater再热器：reheater再热器冷段：primary reheater再热器热段：final reheater顶棚：ceiling安全门：safety valve饱和蒸汽安全门：saturated steam safety valve过热蒸汽安全门：superheated steam safety valve再热蒸汽安全门：reheated steam safety valve防暴门：explosion vent检查孔：inspection hole事故喷水阀：emergency water spray valve汽包事故放水阀：emergency drum drain valve三通阀：three-way valve反冲洗阀：back wash valve取样阀：sampling valve插板：gate给水大旁路门：feedwater overall bypass valve给水小旁路门：feedwater individual bypass valve 大板梁：plate girder, upper beam外护板：outer casing定期排污扩容器：intermittent blowdown flash tank。

火力发电厂自动化常用术语英语缩写及解释1 自动化水平AUTOMATIC LEVEL (5)2 热工自动化设计DESIGN OFTHERMAL POWER PLANT AUTOMATION (5)2．1操纵方式CONTROL MODE (5)2．2就地操纵LOCAL CONTROL (5)2．3集中操纵CENTRALIZED CONTROL (5)2．4机炉集中操纵BOILER—TURBINE CENTRALIZED CONTROL (5)2．5单元集中操纵UNIT CENTRALIZED CONTROL (5)2．6车间无人值班操纵NO—OPERATER CONTROL FOR DEPARTMENT (5)3 模拟量操纵系统MODULATING CONTROL SYSTEM(MCS) (5)3．1机组和谐操纵UNIT COORDINATED CONTROL(UCC) (5)3．1．1 锅炉跟踪方式boiler follow mode(turbinebase)(BF) (5)3．1．2 汽轮机跟踪方式turbine follow mode(boilerbase)(TF) (6)3．1．3 和谐方式coordinated mode (6)3．2锅炉操纵系统BOILER CONTROL SYSTEM (6)3．2．1 给水操纵feed—water control (6)3．2．2 燃烧操纵combustion control (6)3．2．3 炉膛压力操纵furnace pressure control (6)3．2．4 送风操纵air flow control (6)3．2．5 燃料操纵fuel control (6)3．2．6 过热汽温操纵superheat steam temperature control (6)3．2．7 再热汽温操纵reheat steam temperature control (6)3．3磨煤机操纵系统PULVERIZER CONTROL SYSTEM，MILL CONTROL SYSTEM (6)3．3．1 煤粉温度操纵pulverizer temperature control (6)3．3．2 磨煤机人口负压(压力)操纵mill inlet pressure control (6)3．3．3 钢球磨煤机负荷操纵load control of ball mill (6)3．4汽轮机操纵系统TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEM (6)3．4．1 机械液压式操纵系统mechanical hydraulic control(MHC) (6)3．4．2 电气液压式操纵系统electro—hydraulic control(EHC) (6)3．4．3 数字式电液操纵系统digital electro—hydraulic control(DEH) (7)3．4．4 模拟式电液操纵系统analog electro—hydraulic control(AEH) (7)3．4．5 给水泵汽轮机电液操纵系统micro—electro—hydraulic control system(MEH) (7)3．4．6 汽轮机自启停系统automatic turbine startup or shutdown control system(ATC)7 3．4．7 汽轮机热应力监控系统turbine stress supervisory system (7)3．4．8 汽轮机紧急跳闸系统emergency trip system (ETS) (7)3．4．9 转速操纵speed control (7)3．4．10 负荷操纵／负荷调剂load governing (7)3．4．11 负荷限制load limit (7)3．4．12 超速爱护操纵over—speed protection control(OPC) (7)3．4．13 超速跳闸爱护over—speed protection trip(OPT) (7)3．4．14 阀位操纵valve—position control (7)3．4．16 “节流调剂throttle governing (7)3．4．17 甩负荷rejection of load (7)3．4．18 (调剂汽门)快控fast valving (8)3．4．19 电液转换器electro—hydraulic converter (8)3．4．20 错油门(滑阀) pilot tvalve (8)3．4．21 油动机servomotor (8)3．4．22 阀门治理valve management (8)3．4．23 转速不等率(速度变动率) droop(permanent speed variation) (8)3．4．24 迟缓率(死区) dead band (8)3．5其他 (8)3．5．1 旁路操纵系统bypass control system(BPC) (8)3．5．2 自动发电操纵automatic generation control(AGC) (8)3．5．3 自动调度系统automatic dispatch system(ADS) (8)3．5．4 自动同期系统automatic synchronized system(ASS) (8)4 开关量操纵系统ON—OFFCONTROL SYSTEM(OCS) (8)4．1顺序操纵系统SEQUENCE CONTROL SYSTEM(SCS) (8)4．1．1 功能组级操纵function group control (8)4．1．2 子功能组级操纵subgroup functin control (8)4．1．3 备用设备自动操纵automatic stand—by control (8)4．1．4 燃烧器操纵系统burner control system(BCS) (8)4．2单个操作ONE—TO—ONE CONTROL (9)4．3选线操作SELECTIVE CONTROL (9)4．4开关量操作器O N—OFF STATION (9)5．报警系统ALARM SYSTEM (9)5．1限值报警LIMIT ALARM (9)5．2偏差报警DEVIATION ALARM (9)5．3信号器ANNUNCIATOR (9)5．4首出缘故FIRST OUT (9)5．5报警抑制ALARM CUT OUT (9)6 爱护与联锁PROTECTION & INTERLOCK (9)6．1炉膛安全监控系统FURNACE SAFETYGUARD SUPERVISORY SYSTEM(FSSS) (9)6．1．1 总燃料跳闸master fuel trip(MFT) (9)6．1．2 燃料切断fuel trip (9)6．1．3火焰flame (9)6．1．4 火焰包络flame envelope (9)6．1．5 稳固火焰stable flame (9)6．1．6 火焰检测器flame detector (9)6．1．7 全炉膛火焰丧失loss of all flame (9)6．1．8 单燃烧器火焰检测individual burner flame detection (10)6．1．9 层火焰检测elevation flame detection (10)6．1．10全炉膛火焰检测full furnace flame detection (10)6．1．12 角火焰消逝loss off lame to a corner (10)6．1．13 部分火焰消逝partial loss of flame (10)6．1．14 炉膛吹扫furnac epurge (10)6．1．15 “吹扫风量purge rate (10)6．1．16 吹洗scavenging (10)6．1．17 燃油快速关断阀safety shut off valve，safety trip valve (10)6．2汽轮机监视外表TURBINE SUPERVISORY INSTRUMENTS(TS L) (10)6．2．1 轴向位移监视器axial movement，thrust positon monitor (10)6．2．2 汽轮机转速监视器turbine speed monitor (10)6．2．3 相对膨胀监视器differential expansion monitor (11)6．2．4 汽轮机绝对膨胀监视器absolute expansion monitor of turbine (11)6．2．5 轴挠度(轴偏心) rotor eccentricity monitor (11)6．2．6 轴(轴承)振动监视器shaft／bearing vibration monitor (11)6．2．7 零转速zoro speed (11)6．2．8 键相传感器keyphasor transducer (11)6．2．9 电涡流传感器eddy current probe (11)6．2．10 转速表tachometer (11)6．2．11 汽轮机(旋转机械)故障诊断系统automated diagnostics for steam turbine(rotating equip— ment)(ADRE) (11)6．3联锁INTERLOCK (11)6．4机组快速甩负荷FAST CUT BACK(FCB) (11)6．5辅机故障减负荷RUN BACK(RB) (11)6．6联锁操纵INTERLOCK CONTROL (11)7 操纵室、操纵楼CONTROL ROOM，CONTROL BUILDING (11)7．1单元操纵室UNIT CONTROL ROOM (11)7．2操纵室CONTROL ROOM (12)7．3主操纵楼ELECTRIC CONTROL BUILDING (12)7．4电缆层或电缆夹层CABLE ROOM (12)7．5就地操纵室LOCAL CONTROL ROOM (12)7．6机炉操纵室BOILER—TURBINE CONTROL ROOM (12)7．7网络操纵室ELECTRIC—NET CONTROL ROOM (12)7．8电子设备室ELECTRONICS ROOM (12)7．9值长室SHIFT ENGINEER ROOM (12)8 操纵盘(台、柜) (12)8．1盘、屏PANEL (12)8．2柜CABINET，箱BOX (12)8．3操纵盘CONTROL BOARD (12)8．4操纵台CONSOLE (12)8．5机组操纵盘(BTG盘) BOILER TURBINE GENERATOR PANEL (12)8．6辅助操纵盘AUXILIARY PANEL (12)8．7模拟盘(屏) MIMIC PANEL (12)8．8半模拟盘(屏) SEMI—MIMIC PANEL (12)8．9保温箱(柜) WARM—BOX(CABINET) (12)8．10热工配电柜(箱) POWER SUPPLY CABINET FOR ELECTRIC—DRIVE VALVE (12)8．11端子箱(柜、架) TERMINAL BOX(CABINET，RACK) (13)8．12继电器柜RELAY CABINET (13)8．13防护等级DEGREE OF PROTECTION (13)9 仿真机SIMULATOR (13)9．1火电厂仿真机FOSSIL FIRED POWER PLANT SIMULATOR (13)9．2全范畴、高逼真度电厂仿真机FULL SCOPE HIGH REALI SMSIMULATOR (13)9．3缩小范畴、高逼真度电厂仿真机REDUCED SCOPE HIGH REALI SMSIMULATOR (13)9．4通用型仿真机GENERIC SIMULATOR (13)9．5功能逼真度FUCTIONAL FIDELITY (13)9．6物理逼真度PHYSICAL FIDELITY (13)9．7被仿真电厂REFERENCE PLANT (13)9．8教练员台(指导员台) INSTRUCTOR STATION (13)9．9仿真机软件SIMULATOR SOFTWARE (13)9．10仿真机功能(仿真机操纵性能) SIMULATOR CONTROL FEATURES (13)9．11就地操作站LOCAL OPERATING STATION (14)9．12I／O接口装置I／O INTERFACE EGUIPMENT (14)9．13电厂模型软件PLANT MODELS SOFTWARE (14)9．14教练员站软件INSTRUCTOR STATION SOFTWARE (14)9．15诊断和测试软件DIAGNOSTIC AND TEST SOFTWARE (14)火力发电厂自动化常用术语1 自动化水平automatic level是指对一个电厂生产过程实现自动操纵所达到的程度。

火力发电站常用英语技术词汇作者：admin 文章来源：本站原创点击数：3383 更新时间：2005-1-27 文章录入：admin 责任编辑：adminboiler house 锅炉房 coal conveyor 输煤装置 coal bunker 煤仓 coal mill 磨煤机 steam boile r,water boiler tube 蒸汽锅炉，管式锅炉 furnace(combustion chamber) 炉膛(燃烧室) water tube 水管 ash pit 灰坑 superheater 过热器 water preheater 水预热器 air preheater 空气预热器 gas duct(flue) 烟气管,烟道 dust collecting plant 集尘室 electrical precipitation plant电气除尘室 induced draught fan 引风机 chimney 烟囱 deaerator 除氧器 feed water tank 供水箱 boiler feed pump 给水泵 switchgear 开关设备 cable tunnel 电缆通道 cable cellar 电缆槽 turbine room 汽轮机室 steam turbine with alternator 蒸汽汽轮发电机组 economizer 省煤器 s team drum 汽包 surface condenser 表面凝汽 low-pressure preheater 低压预热器 circulating w ater pipe(pump) 循环水管 control room 控制室 electrostatic dust remover(precipitator) 静电除尘器 pulverizer 磨煤机 slag pump 灰渣泵 thermal cycle 热力循环 (net)heat rate （净）热耗率 Assemblie 集合，集结，组装 comment 注释，评论 module 模块 standby 备用 proximity 相近，接近，亲近 detector 探测器 bracket 支架 interlocks 互锁，联锁 axial 轴向的 surge conditio ns 喘振 accessory 附件 pulsation 有节奏的跳动，跳动 fossil fired 燃煤 intent 意图，目的，意向 intend 意指，想要，打算 consistent 一致的，调和的 practice 惯例，实习，实践 intrinsi c 固有的，内在的 procurement 获得，获取 fabrication 制作，构成，伪造物 vent 通风孔，出烟孔，出口，放出，排出， noncondensible gas 不凝结气体 intermittent 间歇的，断断续续的 blowdown 排污 tank 桶，箱，罐 diagram 图表 deaerator 除氧器 corrosion 侵蚀，腐蚀状态 concentration 集中，集合，浓缩，浓度 recommend 推荐，介绍，托付，劝告 abnormal and normal conditions 变工况和额定工况 warm up 暖机 acid wash 酸洗 scale 范围，水垢，水锈，比例，刻度 sludge 污泥，淤泥 foreign matter 不相关的物质 facilitate 推动，促进，使简化 multistage 多级的 remote c ontrol 遥控 safety relief valve 安全卸压阀 gauge 量规，量表，测量 manhole 人孔，检修孔 e quivalent 等价物，相等的 forging 锻造 seat 部位，座 socket welding 管座焊接[NextPage]enthalpy 焓 estimate 评价，评估，估价 parameters 参数，参量 nominal 名义上的，额定的，标称的 MS—Main Steam 主蒸汽 Cycle 循环 Intercept 截止 Fetting 附件 Gage 规，表，压力计Taps 接头 test wells 测点插孔 stress-relieved 应力消除 thermometer 恒温计 steam purge sy stem 蒸汽吹扫系统 centrifugal type pumps 离心式泵 friction losses 磨擦损失 solenoid 螺线管 modulat 调整，调节 criteria 标准 wrenches 扳手 pipe taps 管接头A List of Abbreviations and Symbols in English-ChineseA Ash Handling System 除灰系统 AH Air Heater 空气预热器 AAh Analyzer, Alarm High 分析器，高值报警 AIV Air Intake Valve 进气阀 ALIGN Alignment 校正 ALKF Airlock Feeder 锁气器 AP Ash Slurry Pump 灰浆泵 ATM Atmosphere 大气 AC Air Conditioner 空气调节器 AFT A tmosphere Flash Tank 大气扩容器 AC Alternating Current 交流电 ALM Alarm 报警 AMP Ampe re 安培 AX THR BRG Axis Thrust Bearing 轴向推力，轴承 ATMZ Atomizing 雾化 AUTO Automat ion 自动 AUX Auxiliary 辅助的 BA Bottom Ash 底灰 BAH Bottom Ash Hopper 底灰斗 BLR Bo iler 锅炉 BSD Boiler Shut Down 停炉 BUSH Bushing 衬套 BYPS Bypass 旁路 BVD Boiler Vents and Drains 锅炉疏水放气 BFP Boiler Feedwater Pump 锅炉给水泵 BFPT Boiler Feedw ater Pump Turbine 锅炉给水泵汽机 BFW Boiler Feedwater 锅炉给水 BM Boiler Master 锅炉主控 BMCR Boiler Maximum Continuous Rating 锅炉最大连续出力 BFBP Boiler Feed Booster Pump 锅炉给水增压泵 BNR Burner 燃烧器 BOP Balance Of Plant 电厂辅机设备 BPC Blade Pitch C ontrol 叶片节距控制 BT Boiler Tube 炉管 CH Crusher House 碎煤房 COMB Combustion 燃烧COMP Compressed Air 压缩空气 CONV Conveyer 输送机 CPL Control Pannel Local 就地控制盘 CPM Control Pannel Main 主控盘 CRT Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管 CT Current Transforme r 变流器 CYCL Cyclone 旋风分离器 CAS Casing 缸、壳 CB Circuit Breaker 断路器 COMP C omplete 完成 CCCW Closed Circulating Cooling Water 闭式循环冷却水 CCW Cycle Cooling Wate r 循环水 CCWHF Closed Cooling Water Heater 闭式冷却水冷却器 CCWP Closed Cooling WaterPum p 闭式冷却水泵 CS Closed Cooling Water System 闭式冷却水系统 CH Coal Handling 煤的装卸 CHK VLV Check Valve 逆止阀 CIRC Circulation 循环 CLR Cooler 冷却器 CLOW Cooling Water 冷却水 CMPR Compressor 压缩机 CNTL Control 控制 CNTLE Controller 控制器 COND Condensat e 凝结水 CONDTY Conductivity 导电率 CP Condensate Pump 凝结泵 CIR Circuit 回路 COUPICoupling 联轴器 CP Condensate Polisher 除盐装置 CS Control Switch 控制开关 CRSV Cold Reheat Safety Valve 再热器冷段安全阀 CV Control Valve 控制阀 CWP Circulation Water Pump 循环水泵 DMPR Damper 挡板 DP Difference Pressure 差压 DPIC Differential Pressure Indi cating Controller 压差指示控制器 DPT Differential Pressure Transmitter 压差变送器 DRN Dra in 疏水 DV Drain Valve 疏水阀 DC Direct Current 直流电 DSH Desuperheater 减温器 DCA D rain Cooler Approach 疏水冷却器通道 DEAER Deaerator 除氧器 DEV Deviation 偏差 DIFFRLY D ifferential Relay 差动继电器 DISCH VLV Discharge Valve 排放阀 DIST Disturbance 故障、扰动 DSCH Discharge 排出 ECON Economizer 省煤器 EP Electrical Static Precipitator 静电除尘器 ECC Eccentricity 偏心 EFF Efficiency 效率 EHC Electric Hydraulic Control 电液控制 E O Electric Operate 电气操作 EQ Equipment 设备 ER Error 误差 ES Extraction System 抽气系统 ESC Escape 逃逸、超出 ESS Engineering Safety System 保安系统 EU Engineering Unit [NextPage]工程单位 EXH Exhaust 排汽 EXT Extract 抽出 FA Fine Ash 细灰 FDR Feeder 给料机 FE Flow Element 流量元件 FI Flow Indicator 流量指示件 FDBK Feedback 反馈 FITG Fitting 连接件 FLW Flow 流量 FO Fail Open 故障时自动打开 FT Flow Totalizer 流量累加器 FT Flow transmi tter 流量变送器 FV Flow Control Valve 流量控制阀 FY Flow Relay or Valve 流量传送器 FA Fa ilure Alarm 故障报警 FD Forced Draft 强制通风 FDF Forced Draft Fan 送风机 FIC Flow Indi cate Controller 流量指示控制器 FLT Flash Tank 扩容箱 FLD Field 磁场 FLG Flange 法兰 FL M Flame 火焰 FWH Feed Water Heater 给水加热器 FO Fuel Oil 燃油 FREQ Frequency 频率 FURN Furnace 炉膛 GLD Gland 密封 GRDR Grinder 碎渣机 GND Grounding 接地 GC Generator Coolin g 发电机冷却 GESE Gland Steam Condenser Exhauster 轴加风机 GMT Generator Main Trandformer 发电机变压器 GRAD Grandient 梯度 GS Gland Steam 轴封蒸汽 GSC Gland Steam Condenser 轴封加热器 GV Governor Valve 高压调门 H Heat Conservation 保温 HS Hand Switch 手动开关 HTR Heater 加热器 HV Hand Control Valve 手动控制器 HY Hand Relay or Transducer 手动继电器（转换器） H Hand 手动的 HB Heat Balance 热平衡 HD Heater Drain 加热器疏水 HDR H eader 联箱 HL Heat Loss 热损失 HMDY Humidity 湿度 HPH High Pressure Heater 高压加热器 HPR Hooper 漏斗 HPT High Pressure Turbine 高压汽机 HR Hot Reheat 再热器热段 HR Heat Rate 热耗率 HSV Hot Reheat Safety Valve 再热器热段安全阀 HVAC Heating Ventilation & AirConditioning 暖通 HW Hotwell 热井 HV Hand Control Valve 手动控制器 HYD Hydraulic 液力的 INTLK Interlock 联锁 IC Instrument and Control 仪表与控制（热工） ICV Inrtermedi ate Control Valve 中压控制阀 ID Induced Draft 抽风，引风 IDF Induced Draft Fan 引风机 IG N Ignition 点火装置 INLT Inlet 入口 IPR Initial Pressure 初压 INST Instrument 仪表 INVR Inverter 逆变器 I /O Input/Output 输入/输出 IP Intermediate Pressure 中压 ISVIntermediate Pressure Turbine Steam Valve 中压缸进汽阀 JP Jet Pump 喷射器 LG Level Ga uge 液位计 LVL Level 水位，液位 LA Level Alarm 液位报警 LIM(LMIR) Limiter 限制器 LKG Leakage 泄漏 LP Low Pressure 低压 L.P Low Point 低位 LPH Low Pressure Heater 低压加热器 LSH Local Switch Hand 就地开关 LUB Lubricating Oil 润滑油 M Mechanical 机械 MMotor 马达 MAG Magnetic 磁性 MOD Mode 方式 M/A Manual/Automatic 手动/自动 MANManual 手动 MARG Margin 裕量 MAX Maximum 最大的，最大值的 MCR Maximum Continuou s Rating 最大连续出力 MCV Main Control Valve 主控制阀 MD Modulation Damper 调节挡板 MDB FP Motor Driven Boiler Feedwater Pump 电动给水泵 MEAS Measure 测量 MFT Master Fuel Tri p 主燃料跳闸 MIN Minimum 最小的 MKUP (MU) Make-up 补充 ML Mill 磨煤机 MN Main 主要的 M.O. Manual Operation 手操 MPT Main Power Transformer 主变压器 MS Main Steam 主蒸汽 MS V Main Steam Valve 主汽阀 NOZ Nozzle 喷嘴 NPSH Net Pump Suction Head 泵的静吸压头 OL Overload 过载 OLR Overload Relay 过载继电器 OPER Operation 运行 OSC Oscillograph 示波器 OTLT Outlet 出口 PA Primary Air 一次风 PAF Primary Air Fan 一次风机 PAH Pressure A larm High 高压报警 PAL Pressure Alarm Low 低压报警 PB Push Button 按钮 PC Power Centre 动力中心 PC Pressure Controller 压力控制器 P.C. Pressure Control 压力控制 PCP Precip itator 除尘器 PCV Pressure Control Valve 压力控制阀 PDI Pressure Differential Indicatio n 差压指示 PDT Pressure Differential Trandsmitter 差压变送器 PED Pdestal 轴承座 PERF C ALC Performance Calculation 性能计算 PF Power Factor 功率因数 PHTR Preheater 预热器 PMP Pump 泵 PNEU Pneumatic 气动的 PR Pressure Recorder 压力记录计 PRG Purge 吹扫 PRV P ressure Relief Valve 泄压阀 PRO Protection 保护 PROGR Program 程序 PT Pressure Transm itter 压力变送器 PULV Pulverizer 磨煤机 PVSV Pressure Vacuum Safety Valve压力真空安全阀PW Plant Water 厂用水 PY Pressure Relay 压力继电器 QA Quality 质量，性能 RB Run Back 快速降负荷 RCV Recovering 回收 RECIRC Recirculation 再循环 RECT Rectifier 整流器 RETReturn 返回 RH Reheater 再热器 RO Restriction Orifice 节流孔板 ROT Rotor 转子 RTURemote Telemetry Unit 遥测装置 SA Secondary Air 二次风 SAT Saturate 饱和的 SC Steam Coil Air Heater 暖风器 SCAV Scavenge 吹扫 SD Shut-off Damper 关断挡板 Shut-Down 停机 SEP Separator 分离器 SG Switchgear 开关装置 SH Superheater 过热器 SLS Seals 密封 SO Shut Off 关闭 SPD Speed 转速 SPRA Spray 喷水 SPT Support 支持 ST Start 启动，开始 STD-BY Stand By 备用 ST System 系统 STM Steam 蒸汽 STR Stator 定子 STRNR Strai ner 滤器 SU Start Up 启动 SV Solenoid Valve 电磁阀 SUCT Suction 吸入 SW Switch 开关 Steam Water 汽水 SBLWR Soot Blower 吹灰器 TBFP Turbine Drive Boiler Feedwater Pump 汽泵TCV Temperature Control Valve 温度控制 T.B. Transfer Damper 转换挡板 TE Temperature Elem ent 温度元件 TG Turbine-generator 汽轮发电机 Turbine-gear Turbine-gear 汽机盘车 THERM Thermal 热力的 TMS Turbine Master System 汽机主控系统 TRANS Transfer 转换 TRBL Troubl e 故障 TRKG Tracking 跟踪 TT Temperature Transmitter 温度变送器 TTD Terminal Temperatu re Difference 温度端差 TW Thermowell 热电偶套管 UAM Unit Automatic Master 机组自动系统VAC Vacuum 真空 VAL Value 数值 VB Vibration 振动 VLV Valve 阀门 WH Watthour 瓦小时 W P Working Point 工作点 WW Water Wall 水冷壁 WX Watt Transducer 功率转换器 COVER Crosso ver 切换管 CV Control Valve 控制阀[NextPage]英汉对照表ON 开（状态）OFF 关（状态）OPEN 开(状态，常指阀门)CLOSE 关（状态，常指阀门）START 启动STOP 停止STARTUP 起动；启动SHUTDOWN 停机STAND BY 备用ALARM 报警OPERATE 运行；操作TRIP 跳闸TEST 试验INDICATION；DISPLAY 指示；显示INLET 入口OUTLET 出口INPUT 输入OUTPUT 输出SIDE （某）侧，边A/M：AUTOMATION/MANUAL 自动/手动AUX：AUXILIARY 辅助A/H：AUTOMATION/HAND 自动/手动LOC：LOCAL 就地REM：REMOTE 摇控P：PRESSURE 压力T：TEMPERATURE 温度F：FLOW 流量S：SPEED 速度R：RATE 比率，速率L：LOAD 负荷，负载R：RESISTANCE 电阻POWER 功率，电源RPM 转/分MW：MEGAWATT 兆瓦PARAMETER 参数KW：KILOWATT 千瓦HIGH 高INTERMEDIATE 中LOW 低SILENCER 消音器ZOOM 摄像机镜头SYSTEM 系统BYPASS 旁路PIPE；TUBE 管道，管子VALVE 阀门MCS：MANAGMENT COMMAND SYSTEM 管理命令系统UNIT 单元、机组PRINT 打印SYMBOL 符号CURVE，LINE 曲线，线PANEL 盘DESK 台，桌ROOM 室STATION 站PLANT 厂，站I＆C：INSTRUMENT AND CONTROL 仪表与控制MODE 方式，模式SET POINT 设定点TRANSMITTIER；TRANSDUCER 变送器；传感器COMPUTER 计算机KEYBOARD 键盘CODE 代码；编码DATA 数据；文件；资料DISK 磁盘DIGIT 数字FIGURE 图示STATIC 静态DYNAMIC ；DYNAMICAL 动态TRIP ACKNOW 跳闸确认COLD START—UP 冷态启动WARM START—UP 温态启动HOT START—UP 热态启动RESET 复位SELECT 选择UNAVAIL 不允许(不能投用的) FAST 快SLOW 慢NORMAL 正常INCREAS 增加DECREAS 减少[NextPage]二．锅炉部分BOILER 锅炉FURNACE 炉膛BURNNER 燃烧器SH ；SUPERHEATER 过热器RH ；REHEATER 再热器PLATEN SUPERHEATER 屏过PENDANT 悬吊管WATERWALL 水冷壁DOWM COMER 下降管HEADER 联箱、母管STEAM DRUM 汽包ATTEMPERATOR 减温器SPRAY 喷水ECONOMIZER 省煤器AIR PREHEATER 空预器ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR 静电除尘器INDUCED DRAFT FAN 引风机FORCED DRAFT FAN 送风机PRIMARY AIR FAN 一次风机SECONDARY AIR 二次风SEAL AIR FAN 密封风机PULVERIZER 磨煤机COAL FEEDER 给煤机IGNITOR 点火器，油枪INITIATE 启动、引燃、激发、触发CLEAN 清扫ISOLATION 隔离；绝缘LIGHT OIL 轻油CHIMNEY；STACK 烟囱COMBUSTION 燃烧FLUE GAS 烟气WATER 水STEAM 蒸汽SOOT BLOWER 吹灰器CRUSHER 破碎机SAFETY VALVE 安全阀PURGE 吹扫BOILER EFFLUENT STORAGE POOL 锅炉废水池SPARK 火花，点火花DRAIN & VENT 疏水和排气ASH—HOPPER 灰斗COAL BANKER 煤仓STONE COAL 无烟煤GAS COAL 烟煤UNLOADER 卸煤机STACKER RECLAIMER 堆取料机CONVEYOR 皮带机MMMC＝MILLIMETER MERCURY ；MMH2O 毫米汞柱；毫米水柱ALARM LIMITS 报警限制PRESSURE DIFFERENCE 压差LFO .DISCH .PRESS 轻油出口压力AUX .ST SPLY FOR ATOMIZ辅助蒸汽供雾化蒸汽AIR SVCE SUPPLY 服务空气SEAL AIR FAN PRESS 密封风机压力MAINTAINED IGNITORS PULVERIZER A 磨煤机A油枪操作LIGHT OIL SEL GRP 1 第一组轻油枪选择STOP IGNITORS GRP 1 第一组油枪停止PULVERIZER SELECTION A 磨煤机A选择FEEDER LOCAL SELECT 给煤机就地控制选择FEEDER REMOTE SELECT 给煤机遥控选择PULVERIZER M/A SELECT磨煤机手/自动选择PULVERIZER INERT MODE SELECT 磨煤机惰性方式选择PULVERIZER NORMAL MODE SELECT 磨煤机正常方式选择LUB OIL PUMP 润滑油泵START IGNITOR GRP 1 第一组油枪点火STOP/START SEQUENCE PULVERIZER A 磨煤机A程序停止/启动STOP/START PULVERIZER 磨煤机停止/启动STOP/START IGNITORS 油枪停止/启动STOP/START FEEDER 给煤机停止/启动STOP/START MILL 磨组停止/启动STOP/START PA FLOW 一次风停止/启动OPEN/CLOSE SWING VLVS 摆阀开/关PULVERIZER EMERGENCE TRIP 磨煤机紧急跳闸BOILER TRIP RESET 锅炉跳闸复位ALL AIR HTRS RUNNING 各空预器运行EITHER ID FAN RUNNING 任一吸风机运行EITHER FAN RUNNING 任一风机运行BOILER AIR REQUIRED 锅炉风量需求（>30%）ALL PULV GRP SHUTDOWN 所有磨组停运OPERATE MODE SELECT 运行方式选择MANUAL MODE 手动方式TURBINE FOLLOW MODE 机跟随方式BOILER FOLLOW MODE 炉跟随方式COORDINATE MODE 协调方式SLIDING PRESS MODE 滑压运行方式DECR/INCR PRESS AT FIX LOAD 固定负荷方式增减压力SECONDARY SH INLET TEMP 二级过热器进口温度SEC SH OUT STEAM TEM二级过热器出口蒸汽温度MAIN STEAM TEMP/PRESSURE/FLOW 主汽温度/压力/流量FEED WATER FLOW 给水流量ACTUAL MEGAWATT 有功THROTTLE PRESS 节流压力TURB FIRST STAGE PRESS汽机第一级(调节级)压力PRI AIR DUCT PRESS 一次风管压力SEC AIR DUCT PRESS 二次风管压力PRI/SEC AIR FLOW MILL A A磨组一次/二次风流量FURNACE PRESS 炉膛压力SH/RH SPRAY CONTROL VLVS SELECT 过热器/再热器减温水控制阀选择PLATEN SPARY CONTROL VLVS SIDE A 屏过减温水A侧控制阀SEC SH SPARY CONT VLVS SIDE A 二级过热器减温水A侧控制阀SH/RH SPARY WATER STOP VLVS 过热器/再热器减温水截止阀MAIN STEAM STOP VLV 主蒸汽截止阀SH STEAM ELECTR VLV 过热器电磁阀AIR DRAFT SEQUENCE 风机程序控制（顺控）TRANSPORT AIR SEQUENCE 风量程序控制（顺控）PRIMARY AIR SEQUENCE 一次风控制AIR HEATER A MOTER 空预器马达AAIR HEATER MOTOR LEAD 空预器马达选择AIR HEATER LOC/REM SELECT 空预器就地/遥控选择SCANNER BLOWERS 火检吹扫器INDUCED&FORCED DRAFTS 吸送风机SPEED CHANGE (NOT) PERMISSIVE 速度切换（不）允许MILL A GROUP MASTER A 磨组主控器PRI AIR FLOW MILL A CONT DAMPER 磨组一次风控制挡板MILL A OUT TEMP CONT DAMPER A磨组出口温度控制挡板BOIL MILL A GR1 WDBOX PR炉A磨组第一组风箱压力BOIL MILL A BNR MET TEMP炉A磨组喷燃器金属温度MILL A LOAD A磨组负荷SEC AIR FLOW MILL A CONT DAMPER A磨组二次风流量控制挡板TWIN FLOW AIR HTR A CONT VLV 双流式空预器控制阀PRI AIR FAN A CONT DAMPER A侧一次风机控制挡板FD FAN/ID FAN A CONT DAMPER A送/吸风机控制挡板FD FAN A FLOW A送风机流量O2 IN THE FUEL GAS 烟气含氧量FUEL GAS ID FAN A OUTLET PRESS A吸风机出口压力PRI AIR FAN A OUTLET PRESS A一次风机出口压力AIR HTR A SEC AIR OUT TEM空预器A二次风出口温度MANUAL LOAD SET/RATE 手动负荷设定/负荷率MIN MAX LOAD（LIMITS）最大最小负荷（限制）MANUAL THROTTEL PRESS SET POINT 手动节流压力设定值BOILER MASTER 锅炉主控器TURBINE MASTER 汽机主控器SH STEAM TEMP SET POINT 过热温度设定点SH STEAM FINAL TEMP 过热汽出口温度[NextPage]三汽机部分STEAM TURBINE 汽轮机TURBINE GENERATOR 汽轮发电机组CYLINDER 、CASING 汽缸STATOR 定子ROTOR 转子BEARING 轴承SHAFT 轴BLADE 叶片GEARING 盘车NOZZLE 喷嘴FLANGE 法兰SEAL 密封BEARING BRASS 轴瓦PILOT VALVE 错油门MOP：MAIN OIL PUMP 主油泵MSV：MAIN STOP VALVE 主汽阀CV：CONTROL VALVE 高压调门IV：INTERMEDIATE VALVE 中压联合汽门EMERGENCY GOVERNOR 危急保安器SPEED INDICATOR OR SPEED METER 转速表JACKING OIL PUMP 顶轴油泵COOLER 冷却器FILTER 滤网SILENCER 消音器SUCTION PUMP 抽吸泵SYNCHRONIZER 同步器THROTTLE ORIFICE 节流孔板GOVERNOR 调速器BOOSTER FEED PUMP 前置给水泵HPH：HIGH PRESSURE HEATER 高加LPH：LOW PRESSURE HEATER 低加CIRCULATING PUMP 循环泵CONDENSATE PUMP 凝泵CONDENSER HOT WELL 热井LUBE OIL PUMP 润滑油泵MAKE－UP WATER 补给水MOTOR DRIVEN FEED WATER PUMP 电动给水泵OIL PURIFIER 净油器TURBINE DRIVEN FEED WATER PUMP 汽动给水泵OIL STORAGE TANK 储油箱DEMI WATER 除盐水CLOSED COOLING WATER 闭式冷却水EXTRACTION STEAM 抽汽DEAERATOR 除氧器CONDENSER 凝汽器EXHAUST 排汽AUX STEAM HEADER 辅汽联箱VACUUM BROKEN VALVE 真空破坏门EJECTOR 喷射器，抽气器VACCUM 真空EXPANSION 膨胀VIBRATION 振动CIRCULATING 循环AMS ：ADMISSION MODE SELECTION 进汽方式选择SURGE APPROACH 喘振TURBINE MASTER 汽机主控器1ST STAGE PRESS 第一级压力RH STEAM TEMP OUTLET 再热器出口温度RH STEAM ATTEM FLOW 再热喷水流量DISPATCH PARTICIPATION 调度（参与）指令CMPTR 计数器MEASURE SELECTION 测量选择站PLATEN SH INLET TEMP SIDE A A侧屏过入口温度OPERATE MODE SELECT 运行方式选择OPERATE MANUAL MODE 手动方式TURBING FOLLOW MODE 汽机跟随方式BOILER FOLLOW MODE 锅炉跟随方式BALANCE 平衡COORDINATE MODE 协调方式SLIDING PRESS MODE 滑压方式DECR PRESS AT FIX LOAD 在负荷不变下减压ACTUAL MEGA WATT 实际负荷数INCR PRESS AT FIX LOAD 在负荷不变下增压INT POS 中间状态RH SPRAY WTR STOP VLVS 再热器喷水截止阀PRIMARY SH STOP VALVE 一级过热器截止阀RH SPRAY BLOCK VLVSTRIP INIT 再热器喷水闭锁阀跳闸启动MANUAL LOAD SET 手动负荷设定MANUAL LOAD RATE 手动负荷率MANUAL THROTTLE PRESS SET POINT 手动节流压力设定值DURM PRESSURE 汽包压力PUMP A DISCH PRESS A泵出口压力ST－UP BOIL FDW PUMP 启动给水泵EMERG OIL PUMP 事故油泵TURBINE FW PUMP AUX＆VLV 小机给水泵辅汽及阀门TFW PUMP MAIN OIL PMP 汽动给水泵的主油泵TFW PMP DISCHARGE VLV 汽动泵出口阀FW VLV 给水阀门FW CONTROL VALVE’S BYPASS VLV 给水控制阀的旁路阀FW FLOW 30% CONTROL VLV 30% 给水控制阀FW FLOW MASTER CONTROL 给水流量主控FW PUMP RECIRCUL CONTROL VLV 给水泵循环控制阀TURBINE INLET PRESS 汽机入口压力LP＆HP BYPASS PRESS SIDE A 低压或高压旁路A侧压力LP＆HP BYPASS TEMP SIDE A 低压或高压旁路A侧温度HP BYPASS ＆HP ATTEMP VLVS 高压旁路及减温水阀HP＆LP BYPASS COMMAND 高压及低压旁路指令HP ATTEMP BLOCK VLV 高旁减温水闭锁阀HP ATTEM PRESS CONTROL VLV 高旁减温水压力控制阀HP BYPASS PRESS SET POINT 高旁压力设定值HP BYPASS PRESS CONTROL VLV 高旁压力控制阀HP BYPASS TEMP CONTROL VALVE 高旁温度控制阀FW HP HTR DISCH TEMP 给水高加出口温度EXTR ST TO HP HTR 抽汽至高加CONDS EXTR PUMP DISCH 凝结水抽吸泵出口CONDS STOR TANK LEVEL 凝结水储水箱水位LP HTR STOP VLV 低加截止阀CLOSED COOLING WTR PUMP 闭式冷却水泵AUX STM HEADER PRESS CONTROL VLV 辅汽联箱压力控制阀AUX STEAM TEMP CONTROL 辅汽温度控制DEAERATOR LEVEL CONTROL VLV 除氧器水位控制阀CONDENSER LEVEL CONTROL VLV 凝汽器水位控制阀CICR WTR PUMP 循环泵HYDRAULIC OIL STATION PUMP 液压油站泵COOLNG WTR PUMP 水冷泵FUNCTION GROUP 功能组VACUUM SEQ 真空程控CONDENSER AIR SUCTION VLV 凝汽器抽空气阀CICR PMP DISCHARGE VLV 循环泵出口阀[NextPage]四、电液调节及控制部分EHC：ELECTRO-HYDRA CONTROL SYSTEM 电液调节控制系统FRF：FIRE RESISTANT FLUID 抗燃油ETS：EMERGENCY TRIP SYSTEM 危急跳闸系统FAST-ACTING SOLENOID 快动电磁阀INTERCEPT VALVE 中间截流阀SHUT-OFF VALVE 切断阀VV：VENTILATING VALVE 通风阀BDV：BLOWDOWN VLV 泄放阀OPC：OVERSPEED PROTECTION CONTROL 超速保护控制AST：AUTO SHUT-DOWN TRIP 自动停机遮断LVDT：线性位移差动变送器ORSV：OIL RESET SOLENOID VLV 油复位电磁阀ORP：OIL RESET PISTON 油复位活塞OTSV：OIL TRIP SOLENOID VLV 油跳闸电磁阀RSM：ROTOR STRESS MONITORING 转子热应力监视ATC：AUTO TURBINE CONTROL 自动汽轮机控制OPER AUTO 操作员自动TURBINE LATCHED 汽机挂闸BOOSTER PUMP 前置泵PERMANENT MAGNETIC GENERATORDF 永磁发电机OIL GAUGE 油位表SEAL OIL 密封油CONTROL OIL 控制油SAFELY OIL 安全油BARRING OIL PUMP 盘车油泵MAIN OIL PUMP 主油泵EMERGENCY OIL PUMP 事故油泵SUCTION PUMP 抽吸泵VALVE POSITION 阀位置INTERCEPT VALVES 中间截止阀COMBINED REHEAT VALVES 中压联合阀MSV 主蒸汽阀CV 控制阀RSV 再热汽截止阀POWER LOAD UNBALANCE 功载不平衡TEST SELECT 试验选择（联锁）LOSS OF PWR 失去电源THRUST BEARING WEAR DETECTOR TEST 推力轴承磨擦检测试验BACK-UP OVERSPEED TRIP TEST 备用超速跳闸试验 ELECTRICAL TRIP TEST 电气跳闸试验LOCKED OUT 闭锁FIRST STAGE PRESS 调节级压力MAIN STEAM PRESS 主蒸汽压力REHEAT PRESS 再热汽压力SPEED MONITORING 速度监视PRI SPD SIG LOST 一次速度信号失去BACK-UP SPDSIG LOST 后备速度信号失去AT SET SPEED 在设定速度位置SPEED INCREASING 速度增LOAD SET 负荷设定SLOW MEDIUM FAST 慢、中、快OPERATING MODE 操作方式IN STANDBY 在备用状态MANUAL 手动REMOTE AUTO 远方自动REMOTE OPERATION 远操LOAD LIMITING SET 负荷极限设定SPEED SET RPM 转速设定转/分CLOSED VALVES OVERSPEED TEST关闭阀超速DECREASING LOAD RATE 减负荷率LOAD MONITORING 负荷监视LOAD INCREASING 负荷增LOAD DECREASING ；AT SET LOAD 负荷减；在设定负荷LOADING RATE LIMIT 负荷（增、减）率限定EHC STATUS 电液调节系统状态HYDRAULIC FLUID PRESS 抗燃油压力ELECTRICAL MALFUNCTION SYSTEM FAULT 电气失灵系统故障LOAD SELECT 负荷选择VACUUM TRIP 真空跳闸WARMING RATE 暖机速率CHEST /ROTOR WARMING 腔室/转子预暖FA/PA POSITION 全周/部分（进汽）位置ADMISSION MODE 进汽方式FULL ARC 全周进汽PART ARC 部分进汽HOLD 保持INHIBITED 停止进行、禁止1STAGE PRESSURE FEEDBACK 第一级压力反馈MSPL：MAIN STEAM PRESSURE LIMITER 主汽压力限制器ACCELERATION 加速度TRANSFER AND FILTER PUMP 输送和过滤油SUCTION PMP A/M SEL 抽吸泵手/自动选择TURN GEAR CONTROL SEQUENCE 盘车控制程序TURN GEAR PIGGY BACK MOTOR 盘车啮合电机TURN GEAR MOTOR 盘车主电机GEN. SHAFT SEAL&STATOR WIND 发电机密封及静子绕组MAIN SEAL OIL PMP 主密封油泵EMERGENCY SEAL OIL PUMP 事故密封油泵STATOR WIND COOLING WATER PUMP 定子绕组冷却水泵TURBIN DRAIN VALVES 汽机疏水阀STEAM SEAL SYS 蒸汽密封系统STEAM SEAL BY-PASS UNLOAD VLV 蒸汽密封旁路泄放阀STEAM SEAL DIVERING VALV 密封汽分流阀TURB LUBE OIL TEMP CONTROL V 汽机润滑油温度控制阀H2 TEMP CONT V 氢气温度控制阀[NextPage]CURRENT 电流VOLTAGE 电压RESISTANCE 电阻REACTANCE 电抗INDUCTANCE 电感CAPACITANCE 电容AMPERE 安培VOLT(V) 伏特OHM 欧姆WATT 瓦特KILOWATT 千瓦MEGAWATT 兆瓦POWER 功率FREQUENCY 频率SPEED 速度，转速ACTIVE POWER 有功功率REACTIVE POWER 无功功率LOAD 负荷POWER FACTOR 功率因数LOSS 损耗DIRECT CURRENT (DC) 直流ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) 交流OVER CURRENT 过流OVER VOLTAGE 过压OVERLOAD 过载EXCITE 励磁LOAD FLOW 负荷潮流分布TRANSMISSION 传输BASE LOAD 基荷PEAK LOAD 峰荷CARRIER 载波COMMUNICATION 通讯TELEPHONE 电话LIGHT 照明SIGNAL 信号MAGNETIC FIELD 磁场LINE 线路GENERATOR 发电机AERIAL LINE 架空线BUS 母线EXCITOR 励磁机BUSBAR FRAME 母线架MOTOR 电动机BUSCOUPLER 母联ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR 异步电动机INSULATOR 绝缘子BUSHING 套管ARMATURE 电枢TRANSFORMER 变压器COIL 线圈MAIN TRANSFORMER STEP-UP TRANSFORMER 主变WINDING 绕组UNIT TRANSFORMER 单元变CORE 铁芯START UP TRANSFORMER 启动变POLE 电极BACK UP TRANSFORMER 备用变PHASE 相POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER 电压互感器PHASE ANGLE 相角CURRENT TRANSFORMER 电流互感器CONDUCTOR 导体CABLE 电缆ANGLE OF LEAD 超前角ANGLE OF LAG 滞后角SWITCH 开关NEUTRAL POINT 中性点AUTOFORMER 自藕变GROUNDING(EARTHING) 接地DISCONNECTOR 隔离开关DIESEL GENERATOR 柴油发电机AUXI TRANSFORMER 厂用变SWITCHGEAR 配电盘、开关装置BULB 灯泡CLOSE 合闸BATTERY 电池TRIP 跳闸CATHODE 阴极RECLOSING 重合闸ANODE 阳极AUTORECLOSING 自动重合闸CHARGING EQUIPMENT 充电设备COMBINED RECLOSING 综合重合闸BUS SECTION 母线分段GAS 瓦斯PLUG 插头ARC 电弧PLUG SOCKET 插座HARDWARE 硬件CLOSED-LOOP 闭环OPEN-LOOP 开环CPU(CENTARL PROCESSING UNIT 中心处理单元ABNORMAL CONDITION 异常状态CONFIGURATION 结构，布置，外形SUPERVISORS DESK 值长台UNIT CONTROL DESK 机组控制台EHV MIMIC PANEL 电气高压模拟屏COMMON SERVICES LOGIC SUITE 公用系统逻辑柜CRT 显示屏ADS(ALARM DISPLAY SELECT PANELS) 报警显示选择屏CIU 计算机接口单元BATTERY BACKED CLOCK 电池备用时钟INTERFACE 接口E.W.S. 工程师工作站DAS 数据采集系统CCR 中控室MCC 马达控制中心PC 动力中心I.C.S 数字控制站终端模件TSI 汽机监视仪表MFP 多功能控制器EXCEPTION REPORT 例外报告THREE ELEMENTS LEVEL CONTROLLER 三冲量水位控制器TIME DELAY 时间延迟SCR CONTROLLER 可控硅整流控制器DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM 分散控制系统UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY 不间断电源THERMO-COUPLE 热电偶IND 指示器FIS 流量显示开关PDIS 压差显示开关PP： PREESSURE POINT 压力检测点PS 压力开关TI 温度显示器TIC 温度指示控制TP 温度检测点TS 温度开关TT 温度变送器VI 阀位置指示VT 阀位置变送器LC 液位控制器LK 液位控制站LI 液位显示PG 压力计PIC 压力显示控制器PK 压力控制站PT 压力变送器打印本文关闭窗口。