Constitutive Theory: The creation of statehood and its international personality exclusively rely upon the act of recognition by other states rather than its obtainment of independence. Declaratory Theory: The satisfaction of factual criteria for statehood can legally lead to the creation of a state and its international personality, and recognition is a political rather than a legal act.
法律上的承认的效果: 1.实现承认国与被承认国间关系的正常化,为建 立外交关系和领事关系奠定基础; 2.承认方和被承认方可以缔结政治、经济、文化 等各方面的条约和协定; 3.承认并尊重被承认国的法律和法令的效力; 4.承认被承认国的国家及其财产的司法豁免权。 an existing accepts state emergence of new state or government (一)国际法上的承认定义 广义和狭义 (二)国际法上的承认特征 1.主体是现存的国家和国际组织 2.承认是单方面的行为 3.承认既是政治行为也是法律行为