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土木工程应用英语教学参考书Unit2

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土木工程专业英语大学课件Unit 2 Foundation

土木工程专业英语大学课件Unit 2 Foundation

单词
1. rod：竿, 杆, 棒；（责打人用的）棍棒；手枪。 2. starter： n. 参赛人；参赛的马（或汽车等）；（赛跑 等的）发令员；（发动机的）启动装置，启动器；（主菜 之前的）开胃小吃，开胃品； 起步（或启动）…的人； 在起步阶段使用的；启动时用的 3. joint：n.关节；接头, 接合处, （尤指构成角的）接头, 接合处, 接点。 4. in situ：原位；原地；在原位置。 5. bed：床，基层。 6. distribution：n.分发, 分配；散布, 分布；分配；分布； （商品）运销，经销，分销。 7. slope：n.斜坡, 斜面；倾斜, 坡度, 斜率；山坡。
短语
1.depend on：依靠，取决于 2.per unit area：每一个单位面积 3.in terms of：就…而言, 从…方面说来 ； He referred to your work in terms of high praise. 他对你的工作大加赞扬。用…的话，用…字眼， 以…的措辞；从…角度来讲；根据，依据；以… 为单位；换算，折合。 4. The bearing capacity of a soil：土壤的承载力
句型：
1.The purpose of …is…:…作用是… 2….means……：指的是…..
As the nature of the soil often varies considerably on the same construction site, the capacity of the soil to support loads also varies. Therefore, it is not always possible to provide a uniform size of foundation for the entire structure, even if it may support a uniform load. To improve the bearing capacity in varying ground conditions, soft spots are usually filled with consolidated hardcore or a weak concrete, before the foundation is laid. 翻译： 即便在同一施ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ场地，由于地基的性质有很大差异，土体 的承载力也不相同。所以，即使基础能承受相同的荷载， 要为整个结构设计出相同尺寸的基础并不总是可能的。为 了在不同的地基条件下提高基础的承载力，在浇注基础前， 通常用碎石垫层加固或用强度低的混凝土来填充土质松软 的地方。

土木工程专业英语lesson 2 Introduction to Structural Design

土木工程专业英语lesson 2 Introduction to Structural Design

Structural Design
Armed with this information， the structural designer can then select the appropriate cross section． Before any analysis，however， a decision must be made on the building material to be used： it will usually be reinforced concrete， structural steel， or both． Ideally， alternate designs should be prepared with each ．
Structural Design
Ideally， the engineer and architect will collaborate throughout the design process so that the project is completed in an efficient manner． In effect， however， the design can be summed up as follows: The architect decides how the building should look： the engineer must make sure that it doesn’t fall down． Although this is an oversimplification， it affirms the first priority of the structural engineer： safety．
参考译文

土木工程专业英语 Unit 1-2

土木工程专业英语 Unit 1-2

毕业于…… 学士 专业 申请 设计院 职位 助理设计师 专长是…… 蓝图
土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1
try to write Translate the following advertisement into Chinese Part II
A successful engineering consulting firm with expertise in civil design & planning needs an experienced Civil Engineer who has experience for waterfront projects. His duties include design drainage calculations, water distribution networks, roadway layouts & project management for all kinds of commercial and industrial projects, including for private & public clients.
城市规划).
土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1
Section 2 Read and Think Part II Passage
Civil Engineering
Para. 3 Civil engineering offers a particular challenge because almost
every structure or system that is designed and built by civil engineers is
Section 3 Think and Speak Conversation2

土木专业英语Unit 2

土木专业英语Unit 2

Unit 2Performance Criteria and Manage ment工作准则和管理Civil engineering is that field of engineering concerned with planning, design, and construction for environmental control, natural resource development, transportation facilities, tunnels, buildings, bridges, and other structures for the needs of people. Persons who are qualified by education and experience and who meet state requirements for practicing the profession of civil engineering are called civil engineers.土木工程包括计划、设计、建造环境监控、自然资源、运输、隧道、建筑、桥梁及其他结构以满足人类的需求。

土木工程师指那些那些受过专业教育、具有一定经验，具备从事土木行业要求的人。

Performance Criteria for Civil Engineers土木工程师的工作准则As professionals, civil engineers should conform to the following canons as they perform their duties:作为一名土木工程师，应将以下几方面作为工作准则：(1)Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. (This also implies a commitment to conservation of energy and improvement of the environment, to enhance the quality of life.)（1）将公共安全、健康及财产作为首要考虑因素。

(土木工程英语)_Unit 2 Civil engineering materials_

(土木工程英语)_Unit 2 Civil engineering materials_
Mud brick: made on site from local soil(with enough clay content); mixed with water and reinforcing materials; pressed and dried; sustainable, recyclable, non-toxic and healthy.
Concrete literally holds our cities together.
But it has a dirty secret: the production of this ubiquitous gray material releases tons of CO2 each year, contributing to the calamity of climate change.
Grasscrete: laying concrete allowing grass or flora to grow; reducing concrete usage& improve storm water absorption and drainage.
Hempcrete: created from the woody inner fibers of the hemp plant; bound with lime as concrete-like shapes; super-lightweight; fastgrowing and renewable resource.
In the past: raw materials—availability, low cost, but short endurance
In the present: advanced materials—result of high technology, maybe of high cost, but with long endurance & great functions

土木工程应用英语教学参考书Unit2

土木工程应用英语教学参考书Unit2

Unit 2 Construction MaterialsSectionI Talking Face to Face1. IntroductionIn this unit, we are going to learn two important construction materials---steel and cement, as well as their distinctive identities. Further more, how the two basic materials complement each other to make structural construction material---concrete. The many professional phrases and expressions of construction materials are the learning points in this unit.Ask students to read dialogue and then make dialogues according to the task.2. Explaining some words and expressions in the dialogue:Dialogue one:the strength of the concrete：混凝土的强度compressive strength：抗压强度kg/cm2 ：kilogram n.公斤；centimeter n.厘米；square centimeter平方厘米look forward to + n./doing…期待着…Dialogue two:on our own：独立地，凭我们自己conform with：和……相符合，相一致China National Building Code：中国建筑法规plot plan：平面布置图vertical layout：竖向定位图structure plan：结构平面图floor plan：楼面平面图general plan：总图the job site：施工现场SectionII Maintaining a sharp eyePassage1 Construction Materials---steel and cement Important words1.acid n. [化] 酸(U,C)Some acids burn holes in wood. 有些酸能把木头烧成洞。

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专著monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要 abstract103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法analytical method112 数值方法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书 instruction第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 8.boulder漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土 18.silty clay粉质粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂质粉土 21.clayey silt粘质粉土 22.saturated soil饱和土 23.unsaturated soil非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固结土 26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土 28.zonal soil区域性土 29.soft clay软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黄土 33.frozen soil冻土 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Ge otechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’ｓlaw 达西定律 2.piping管涌 3.flowing soil流土 4.sand boiling砂沸 5.flow net流网 6.seepage渗透（流） 7.leakage渗流 8.seepage pressure渗透压力 9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计 10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力 12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous均质 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing条基 19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载 22.live load活载 23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载 25.reduced load折算荷载 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation变形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组 31.physical properties物理性质 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土 35.normal stresses正应力 36.shear stresses剪应力 37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数 47.swelling index回弹指数 48.geostatic stress自重应力 49.additional stress附加应力 50.total stress总应力 51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布 8 dewatering method降低地下水位法 9 well point system 井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point深井点 11 vacuum well point真空井点 12 braced cuts支撑围护 13 braced excavation支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩 steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙 4.friction pile摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile端承桩 6.shaft竖井；桩身 7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析 8.pile caps承台（桩帽） 9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力 teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力 17.silent piling静力压桩 18.uplift pile抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度 25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） 29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action群桩作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test拔桩试验 38.pile shoe桩靴 39.pile noise打桩噪音 40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’ｓconsolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’ｓconsolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’ｓconsolidation theory比奥固结理论 4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度 12.consolidation test固结试验 13.consolidation curve固结曲线 14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角 11.cohesion粘聚力 12.failure criterion破坏准则 13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化 10.work hardening加工硬化 11.Cambridge model剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型 16.elastic modulus弹性模量 17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’ｓearth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’ｓearth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩 3.steel piles钢桩 4.wooden sheet pile木板桩 5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础 pensated foundation补偿性基础 6.bearing stratum持力层 7.rigid foundation刚性基础 8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量 9.dynamic ma 二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程 2.soil dynamics土动力学 3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱 5.earthquake intensity地震烈度 6.earthquake magnitude 震级 7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期 8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验 1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析 13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验 14.centrifugalmodel test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪 16.direct shear test直剪试验 17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验 19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪 20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试 1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验 4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验 5.plate loading test静力荷载试验 teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验 7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验 8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验 9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验 10.pressuremeter test旁压试验 11.light sounding轻便触探试验 12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测 13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验 14.field permeability test现场渗透试验 15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测 16.in-situ soil test原位试验。

土木工程专业英语大学课件Unit--2--Foundation


单词


1. rod：竿, 杆, 棒；（责打人用的）棍棒；手枪。 2. starter： n. 参赛人；参赛的马（或汽车等）；（赛跑 等的）发令员；（发动机的）启动装置，启动器；（主菜 之前的）开胃小吃，开胃品； 起步（或启动）…的人；在 起步阶段使用的；启动时用的 3. joint：n.关节；接头, 接合处, （尤指构成角的）接头, 接合处, 接点。 4. in situ：原位；原地；在原位置。 5. bed：床，基层。 6. distribution：n.分发, 分配；散布, 分布；分配；分布； （商品）运销，经销，分销。 7. slope：n.斜坡, 斜面；倾斜, 坡度, 斜率；山坡。




1.foundation：基础 Form the foundation of 构成…的基础 Lay the foundation of the new hospital 为新医院大楼打地基 Drive in piles to make a sound foundation 打桩来加固基 础 Pour a solid foundation of cement 浇筑坚实的水泥地基 2. load：负载，负荷，荷载 the mobile load 活负载/动荷载 the dead/static load 静载/自重 the peak/maximum load 最大负载 the safe load 安全负荷 3. evenly [‘i:vnli] ：平坦地；无陷坑地，均匀地；相等地，平静地； 镇静地；平和地 大家想一下，even的意思？副词 adv.甚至, 即使完全，十分；足足； 恰好，正好，正如。 形容词 adj.平的, 平坦的，相等的, 均衡的。 4. undue：过度的，过分的，不适当的;不正当的

06269工程应用英语

06269工程应用英语课程代码：06269 工程应用英语课程自学辅导材料●配套教材：《专业英语》●主编：●出版社：人民交通●版次：2012年版●适应层次：本科内部教学使用目录第一部分自学指导第1章：土木工程的基本知识 (1)第2章：公路与交通工程 (2)第二部分复习思考题一．单选题 (3)二．填空题 (15)三．阅读理解题 (17)四．英译汉题 (32)五．汉译英题 (38)第三部分参考答案一．单选题 (41)二．填空题 (41)三．阅读理解题 (41)四．英译汉题 (42)五．汉译英题 (46)第一部分自学指导第1章：土木工程的基本知识一．主要内容1．土木工程中的职业2．现代建筑和结构材料3．公路测量4．预应力混凝土5. 结构设计原理6. 土木工程合同二．重点1．土木工程中的职业（Careers in Civil Engineering）2．现代建筑和结构材料(Modern Buildings and Structural Materials) 3．公路测量(Highway Survey)4．预应力混凝土(Prestressed Concrete)5. 结构设计原理（Philosophy of Structural Design）6. 土木工程合同(Civil Engineering Contracts)三．难点1．课文翻译。

2．单词记忆。

第2章：公路与交通工程一．主要内容1．交通运输系统2．公路定线3．线形设计4．立交与互通式立交5. 路面6. 沥青面层7. 公路排水8. 高速公路9. 公路施工二．重点1．交通运输系统(Transportation System)2．公路定线(Highway Location)3．线形设计(Design of the Alignment)4．立交与互通式立交(Grade separations and Interchanges)5. 路面(Pavement)6. 沥青面层(Bituminous Surface Courses)7. 公路排水(Highway Drainage)8. 高速公路（Freeways）9. 公路施工(Highway Construction)三．难点1．课文翻译。

《土木工程专业英语》教学大纲

《土木工程专业英语》教学大纲一课程简介课程编号：课程名称：土木工程专业英语（Professional English for Civil Engineering）课程类型：专业基础课学时：45 学分：3开课学期：6开课对象：土木工程专业学生先修课程：基础英语，土木工程概论或建筑概论，建筑材料，混凝土结构等。

使用教材：土木工程专业英语（上），苏小卒主编，同济大学出版社，2000.8二课程性质、目的与任务本课程是土木专业本科生的专业基础（必修）课，是为对阅读土木工程及工程管理专业英文原版书籍和文章感兴趣的学生所开设。

本课程的基本任务，是针对大学英语专业阅读阶段教学的薄弱环节，旨在进一步提高学生阅读理解能力和综合分析的能力、熟悉专业词汇、开阔视野和思路、了解科技文体、进一步提高学生运用英语的能力，以满足日益增长的国际科技交流与合作的需求。

三教学基本内容与基本要求本课程总的基本要求是：通过本课程的学习，帮助学生完成从大学基础英语阅读阶段到专业英语阅读阶段的过渡，使学生在普通外语的学习基础上，进一步学习和提高阅读和翻译一般难度的专业英语书籍和科技资料，并能以英语为工具，获取专业所需要的信息和具有在一定的专业文章写作能力。

对学生能力培养的要求：阅读速度100—120词/分钟；理解正确程度70~80%；同时具备听、说和写作专业论文的能力。

各章节内容及要求如下：1．Civil Engineering（土木工程）通过详细讲解，使学生掌握文章中的生词、短语、专业术语和科技类文献常用句型。

2．Performance Criteria and Management（工作准则和管理）通过简单介绍，使学生了解这篇文章中的内容概要，熟悉科技类文献常用句型。

3．Structural Materials（建筑材料）通过详细讲解，使学生掌握文章中的生词、短语、专业术语和科技类文献常用句型。

4．Mechanics of Materials（材料力学）通过详细讲解，使学生掌握文章中的生词、短语、专业术语和科技类文献常用句型。

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Unit 2 Construction MaterialsSectionI Talking Face to Face1. IntroductionIn this unit, we are going to learn two important construction materials---steel and cement, as well as their distinctive identities. Further more, how the two basic materials complement each other to make structural construction material---concrete. The many professional phrases and expressions of construction materials are the learning points in this unit.Ask students to read dialogue and then make dialogues according to the task.2. Explaining some words and expressions in the dialogue:Dialogue one:the strength of the concrete：混凝土的强度compressive strength：抗压强度kg/cm2 ：kilogram n.公斤；centimeter n.厘米；square centimeter平方厘米look forward to + n./doing…期待着…Dialogue two:on our own：独立地，凭我们自己conform with：和……相符合，相一致China National Building Code：中国建筑法规plot plan：平面布置图vertical layout：竖向定位图structure plan：结构平面图floor plan：楼面平面图general plan：总图the job site：施工现场SectionII Maintaining a sharp eyePassage1 Construction Materials---steel and cement Important words1.acid n. [化] 酸(U,C)Some acids burn holes in wood. 有些酸能把木头烧成洞。

（习语）the acid test 决定性考验e.g. The acid test of a good driver is whether he remains calm in anemergency. 衡量驾驶员水平的决定性考验，就是看他在紧急关头能否保持镇静。

adj. 酸味的：A lemon is an acid fruit. 柠檬是一种酸的水果。

讽刺的，尖酸刻薄的：His remarks were rather acid. 他的话有些尖酸刻薄。

↓反：alkali碱 n. →adj. alkaline (alkaline soil 碱性土壤)2.available adj. (物) This is the only available room. 只剩下那个房间可用了。

You’ll be informed when the book becomes available.这本书有货时就通知你。

(人) I’m available in the afternoon. 我下午有空。

3.bond n. 连接，接合，结合：This glue makes a good firm bond.这种胶水粘得很结实。

联系，关系：the bonds of friendship 友谊的纽带The trade agreement helped to strengthen the bondsbetween the two countries. 这项贸易协定有助于加强两国之间的联系。

v.bond A to B 把A和B粘合起来You need a strong adhesive to bond wood to metal.需要强力胶才能把木料粘在金属上。

4.calculated adj. →v. calculatebe calculated to do…打算或计划做某事calculate the cost of sth. 计算某物的价值calculate on sth. / calculate on doing sth. 指望或依靠…e.g. This advertisement is calculated to appeal to children. 这个广告是针对儿童设计的。

We can’t calculate on (having) good weather for the picnic. 我们不能指望着（有）好天气才去野餐。

plementn. complement to sth.Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish. 有咖喱的菜配米饭最妙。

v. (combine well with sth. To form a whole)His business skill complements her flair for design.他的经营技巧和她的设计才能相辅相成。

↓plementary to sth. His personality is complementary to hers.他的个性与她的相反相成。

﹡compliment 赞美，敬佩，问候6.concrete n. 混凝土 a concrete path, wall, beam 混凝土路，墙，梁adj. 明确的，具体的，确实的proposals evidence7.contract n. 合同，契约enter into a contract 签订一份合同have a contract with…和…订有合同v.⒈contract with sb. for…与某人就…签订合同e.g. contract with a firm for the supply of fuel与一家公司就供应燃料一事签订合同⒉缩小，缩短，收缩e.g. Metals contract as they get cooler. 金属遇冷则收缩。

Our business has contracted a lot recently. 近来我们的生意大为减少了。

contract a muscle 收缩肌肉↓n. contraction ：the contraction of a muscle 肌肉的收缩↓adj. contractible, contractile 可收缩的，有收缩性的8.corrode v. 腐蚀，侵蚀（化）→ adj. corrosive 腐蚀性的e.g. The metal has corroded (away) because of rust. 该金属已被铁锈腐蚀。

Acid has corroded the iron (away). 酸把铁腐蚀了。

（比喻）A bitter envy has corroded their friendship. 强烈的忌妒腐蚀了他们的友谊。

9.crush v. 压碎，压垮e.g. Several people were crushed to death by the falling rocks. 有几个人被落下的岩石压死了。

crush sth. up 把…碾成粉末Huge hammers crush the rocks up.用大锤把岩石砸成了碎块。

Crush sth. out of …从…中挤榨出…crush the juice out of the oranges 榨橙子汁↓n. 拥挤的人群I couldn’t get through the crush. 我无法从人群中挤过去。

果汁饮料lemon crush 柠檬饮料10.embed v. （通常用于被动态）e.g. The idea became embedded in his mind. 这想法在他头脑中根深蒂固。

11. expand v. 膨胀，扩充，开展e.g. Metals expand when they are heated. 金属受热则膨胀。

Our foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years. 我国的对外贸易近年来已有极大发展。

↓ n. expansione.g. the expansion of gases when heated 气体受热时的膨胀the expansion of his business interests 商业利益的增加the expansion of the school system 学校机构的扩大12. ingredient n. 烹调用的原料，材料，成分the ingredients of a cake因素，要素the ingredients of sb’s character 某人性格的一方面of success 成功的要素of happiness 幸福的因素13. relative adj.⑴ A relative to B 与B有关的Athe papers relative to the case 关于此案的文件the facts relative to the problem 与这问题有关的事实⑵相对的，比较的They are living in relative comfort, compared with other people.他们现在生活比较舒适，与他人相比。

n. 亲戚，亲属 a close/ near/ distant relative of hers14. spray n. 喷雾，飞沫：sea spray 浪花/ hair spray 喷发定型spray paint 喷雾颜料/ fly-spray 灭蝇喷剂v.spray sth. on /over sb./sth. (spray paint on her car)spray sth./sb. with sth. (spray his crops with pesticide)向某人某物喷雾状的（液体）Difficult sentences:1. the basic structure of Passage Ⅰpa1: the time in which the two materials were producedpa2: information about steel (钢)pa3: information about cement (水泥)pa4-5: how the two materials complement each other--- the concrete (混凝土) pa6: a kind of special concrete--- prestressed concrete (预应力混凝土)2. Both steel and cement were introduced in the nineteenth century.钢和水泥出现于19世纪。