8初中八大时态,被动语态-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN动词时态和语态语法学案【学习内容】sb+be(am/is/are)+表语，sb+do/does+n(宾语)(1)表示经常性、习惯性动作或状态：e.g. We have meals three times a day.He is always ready to help others.(2)表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理。
e.g. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(3)用在状语从句中，构成“主将从现”的句子结构。
e.g. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.(4)表示已安排或计划好将来必定发生的动作或存在的状态，一般用be, come,go, arrive, leave, start等动词。
e.g. My birthday falls on May 2.The ship leaves at 9:00 a.m(5) 图片说明、电影说明、解说戏剧内容及场景等。
(6)由here, there, now, then开头的句子e.g. There goes the bell.Now comes your turn.二、一般过去时：(动词过去式）sb+be(was/were)+表语，sb+did(动词过去时）+n(宾语)表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用yesterday，last night，in 1990，two days ago，the day before yesterday，last summer，at that timee.g. He didn’t watch TV last night.三、一般将来时：(will(shall) do)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用tomorrow，next year，next week，in the future，the day after tomorrow。
e.g. He will be back in a few days.注意将来时几种形式的区别:will(shall) do, be going to do, be about to do, be doing, be to do, do/does(1)will(shall) do 表示将来要出现的动作或状态; 表示事物的必然趋势; 表示主语的“意愿”.will还有临时决定去做.e.g. Tom will come back next week.Man will die without air.--Who will go and help that poor old man?--Mary will . （玛莉愿意。
）(2) be going to do表示即将会…, 打算将…(人打算去做);表示根据现在的现象对未来进行推断.e.g. He is going to speak on TV this evening.他计划今晚到电视台讲话.Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.(3) be about to do 即将…(马上要发生的动作.), 此句型不与时间状语连用.e.g. The train is about to leave. 火车就要开了.(4) be doing表示定于…(指接近的将来动作)e.g. He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.他定于明天早晨到香港去.(5) be to do①表示按计划或安排要做的事情(定于…, 指预定的将来动作)e.g. President Bush is to visit China next month.She is to get married next month.② 表示“应该”(指令性的动作),相当于should/must/have toe.g. This medicine is to be taken three times a day.You are to report to the police.③ 表示“想, 打算”, 相当于intend, want.(能用在从句当中)e.g. If we are to be there before ten, we’ll have to go now.④ be to be done的被动语态e.g. The news is to be found in the evening paper.(6) do/does 表示按计划、安排将来要发生的动作或状态.一般表示规定好的动作或状态.e.g. The train leaves at 8 o’clock.The class begins at 9 o’clock.四、过去将来时：(would do ; was/were going to do)过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。
e.g. No one knew he was going to come.He said that he would go to the cinema.五、现在进行时：（am/is/are+doing）1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或目前这段时间内正在进行的动作.e.g. I was having breakfast at 7 in the morning.They are learning Chinese in Beijing.2. be always doing表示反复出现或习惯性动作,带有赞赏,厌恶等情绪.e.g. He is always thinking of othersHe is always making the same mistakes.3.用进行时可以表示过程e.g. It’s getting cold.The leaves on the trees are turning brown.六、过去进行时：（was/were+doing）表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。
这一特定的过去时间可用时间状语表示也可由上下文暗示。
常用时间状语：then，at that time，this time yesterday，at ten yesterdaye.g. As I was walking in the park, it began to rainThey were listening to the teacher attentively when the bell rang.七、将来进行时：（will be doing）表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。
e.g. I will be busy this evening. I will be writing an article.八、现在完成时：（have/has+done）现在完成时是以过去的时间为起点，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或表示一个动作从过去延续到现在。
现在完成时的时间状语:so far, since, for, in the past few years, up to now,till(until)now, recently, for a longtime, already, yet, just, before, recently,lately(注:already常用于肯定句,yet 常用于否定句和疑问句中,且常位于句末) e.g. He has been in the League for three years.They haven’t finished their homework yet.We have already worked out that problem.注意:since从句中的谓语动词是非延续性动词, 句子意思是肯定的含义, 即:自从干…至今….但是从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词,句子的意思是否定的,即:自从不干..已经..e.g. It is 20 years since we came here.自从我们来这儿已经20年了.It is 20 years since we lived here.自从我们不在这儿住已经20年了.常见的瞬间动词有: come, go, get to/reach/arrive at, leave, buy, sell, open,close, get up, join/take part in, begin/start, return/give, borrow/lend,become/turn, bring/take, jump, die, finish/end, receive/hear from, marry, break, lose。
That/It is the first/second…time that 从句(从句要用现在完成时态)e.g. This is the first time (that) I have come here.注意:做题的时候,一定要先审清题, 然后在做, 出题时可能会利用你的思维定式,给你设下套儿.e.g. I ____ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision tomove back to China.A. livedB. was livingC. have livedD. had lived注意：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：His brother was in the army for five years.他的兄弟当过5年兵。
（现已退役） His brother has been in the army for five years. 他的兄弟已当兵5年。
（现仍在部队里）九、过去完成时：（had done）过去完成时表示过去的过去, 即一件事情发生在过去, 而另外一件事情先于它发生.e.g. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.过去完成时一般和过去时一起出现 .sb had done sth before sb did/ sb did sth after sb had donee.g. I hadn't learned any English before I came here.我来这儿之前没学过英语。
