恋练有词四级高频词汇(朱伟)

“老茧”怎么说？= callus “googolplex”1. plex: ← complex （复杂=多）(◊ co-: cooperate; company; cohabitation; collaborate) 2. googol: 字母重复出现表“多”3.1. Suffix（词性）-ive= 抽象adj. (=n.: rich; poor; preservative )-ity: 抽象n. ◊personality ◊productivity)-ate= 厚道之人(intimate◊ intimacy)-or /-er = 主动方的人initiative-ee=被动方的人（passive）(employee; refugee)-ist= 专家physicist;specialist-al= 专业人士professional-ian= 在某方面执着并有兴趣的人(politician€ statesman)3.2. Suffix：（词性）原则一：顺序改变，意思不变mature (n.) ◊ amateur (n.)原则二:元音替换，意思不变(a, e, i, o, u, y)symmetry (n.) =相称← sym=same=sem metry=meter thermometer symmetry ↔ asymmetry symmetric ↔ asymmetric原则三:发音相近，意思也相近dialogue= dia对面 + log(说话=loq=log)diagnose=诊断 eloquence = e(e=ex=out) + loq前缀-Prefix (向上↑)： up-: ↑uphold (v.)upsurge surgeuproar roar 咆哮，大声疾呼== riot / disturbancesup-; sus-: ↑sustain (v.) 持续，坚持 obtain tain=stay/catch obtain one’s approvaldetain→with the sustainable development of…→geilivable: 给力的sus-: sustain -tainmaintain: ◊a.=维修 b.=维持 c.=主张=set forth养家糊口=~ a family = make both ends meetends: income ↔ expenditure/expense outcome=结果，结局Disastrous outcomes/consequences ◊breadwinner=持家者Who wins the bread in this family? 汽车保养=vehicle-maintenancesup-, super: ↑↑（过犹不及）superficial (a) 表面的，肤浅的superior (a/n) ↔inferior (a/n) 下属；下等的superiority inferioritysuf-, sur-on-line surfing (f与飞有关)sufficient (a) sufficiency (n.) suffice ~ sb. in ...◊deficient insufficient efficient energe-efficient houseover-: a/b a: 上; 重叠 overlap (v.) 重叠lap lapse collapse eclipseoverlook (v.) 忽视↔supervision (n.) 监督over-: a/b b: 过 (Bite off more than one can chew.)over-sensitive over-insistence 忍，坚持◊偏执“Only Paranoia Survive” overwhelm (v.) 淹没drown=sink oblivion 湮没The flood overwhelmed the whole village.◊An overwhelming number of …◊immerse=浸在…；沉浸在…-merse (v.) 沉在…be immersed in sth. abandon oneself to grief/pleasureM&A： Merger and Acquisitionacquire ◊acquisitive (a.) 贪婪的 merse=merge=吞并: M&A◊submerge: sub=下面be submerged in ... = be engaged in ... ◊◊saturate=饱和 satisfyimmerse◊◊ immense 巨大的 vast/enormous tremendousover-: a/bOver = overawe (v.): awe=敬畏awful awesome◊威慑overcome=克服(你是弱者) ◊conquer=征服(你是强者)hyper-: 过hypersensitive (a) ◊ ~ skinhypercritical (a):hypocritical◊critic vs. critiquecritic: skeptic= 怀疑论者skeptical: be ~ of 对什么表示怀疑◊critical 至关重要的It is ~ that重要的groundbreaking (a.) 奠基的,根本的◊* 意义重大的，重要的：signal / striking / crucial / vital / substantial / underlying grub (v.) 挖掘up / out 寻找，挖掘出~前缀-Prefix (向下↓) hypo-, hyp- ↓hypocritical 虚伪◊hy’pocrisy (n.) ‘hypocrite*hypothesis (n.) 假设，前提 thesis→Under the ~ of …◊hypothetical 以什么为前提的→* Hypothetically, 在这样的前提之下（作文好词）hypnosis (n.) 催眠→hypnotic (n/a) 催眠的 therapistmal-: ↓malice◊be malicious to = be hostile to◊hostility 敌意（主人不好客）hostage hospitality hospitalizemaltreat (v.) 虐待 abusemis- : ↓mistreat = maltreat (v.)mislead (v.)misunderstanding (n.)misjudgment (n.)a-:the: 定-ism: 主义，信仰，制度，精神◊theism有神论◊atheism无神论un-:screw (n.) 螺丝; 螺丝钉的精神◊You screw (mess, fuck) up the whole thing!fuss (n./v.) 大惊小怪◊make a fuss over / of对…特别在意;大惊小怪scrupulous 认真的，勤勤恳恳的◊unscrupulous马虎的; 死不要脸的;寡廉鲜耻的◊scrutinize (v.) 仔细审查◊scrutiny (n.)un-; under-unconscious=无意识的 subconscious submit subtitle subtle unfeasible=不能实施的◊ ease-轻松，悠闲undergo=经历 experienceUndertake承担创业 innovative undertakingset/build up one’s own businessun- + n. → v.fold (n./v.) → unfold 打开,表明veil (n.) → unveil 揭幕，表明leash → unleashWhy do you unleash all of your fuels on me?un-, in-c, dis-表否定时有规律吗？in-a: 在什么的里面（当后面跟着的部分并非是独立单词时）inanity (n.): 一个人在家里◊空虚◊◊ vanity 虚荣 va- vacant vacancya vacant parking placeb: 向下（当…是独立单词时）invalidity; invalid (a): 无用的,无效的(药)inconvenientin- ill- im- imm- irr-immune be ~ tomu- mutual ◊ win-win◊◊ mutual benefits[Prison Break II: Sara: He is ~ to females=gay. ]immunity=免疫力immunology=免疫学免疫学家=immunologistimm: dipl=dulp=dub◊豁免，免除 exempt◊外交官享有外交豁免权diplomacy exemptiondipl=dupl=dub=doublediplomat=外交家=双面人A ~ is someone who can tell you to go straight to the hell, and that you actually look forward to a trip.diploma certificate (certify)duplicate: (v)=复制；(n)=一式两份imm-mort: 摩的◊死亡mortal=死亡的immortality=永垂不朽immortal董存瑞 immortal>not deadmortgage：gage (n./v.)=抵押◊engage=订婚engagement=婚约be engaged to sb.=与某人订婚be engaged to do sth[private detective]sb. be engaged in doingengage oneself in ... 全身心投入做某事=be committed to doing sth.=commit oneself to doing sth.=dedicate / devote (the same as commit)◊commit suicide◊ in the name of slavery to commit many inhuman acts （Aristotle）dis-(a): =away 分开dispense (v.)= ??expenditure; expense (n.) 开销??◊dispense 分配；拨款Be dispensed from …◊indispensable 必不可少的compensate (v.)= ?? pens=钱◊把钱全部给你◊赔偿~ for your loss of ...dis-(a): =away 分开*distribute (v.) = ??tribute:贡品；献礼；赞美pay tribute to 推崇 praise/commendcontribute: 共献=贡献??◊distribute 分配，分销◊distributor/distribution 分销商◊outlet 奥特莱斯：分店，精品折扣店retail wholesale （merchant）dis-(b): =no 否定dissatisfaction (n.) 不满意discontent 不满足 contenteddispute: disputable* reputation fame◊[在这样的前提下：all in all; in a word; Hypothetically, we may firmly arrive at an indisputable conclusion that…]en-: 使动enlighten = ??~ sb. on sth.encounter = ?? counterpartWe’ve encountered some turbulence, please keep your seatbelt fastened. encounter into / come across /coincide with (incident coincidence)counter en假币: counterfeit currencydeceive deceit deceptionconceive conceit self-conceitedencapsulate capsule-cap- -le/-letImplementation-capacityim-: a/ba: 否定impartial不偏不倚的，公正的 objective/carefreeImpart(apprentice) impact impairimprudent 谨慎的◊马虎的 rude plight impudentim-: a/bb: =imm =ill =irrimmobileillegal 不合法的(performance/conduct)illegitimate 不合法的（qualification）分析：leg=law◊delegate = ??下面选出的厚道之人=代表◊legislate (v.)= ??◊立法im-: a/bb: =imm =ill =irr◊合法继承人= ??a legitimate heir/successor(based on kinship / lineage)kin kindredirreplaceable: 不可取代的；至关重要的◊irreplaceablyem-: 在什么里面embed (v.) 嵌入◊be embedded inembellish (v.) 美化，装饰embarrass =??在酒吧里像个驴harassembarrassingan embarrassing situation 尴尬情况embarrassment (n.) 尴尬-ass◊harassment (n.) sexual ~harassharassed (a.) 骚扰的；心烦的-ass◊ambassador (n.) 大使◊◊am-爱 bass 贝斯，重音embassy (n.) 大使馆disturbance (n.) 心烦意乱OSH: office sexual harassmentab-: off 剥离，抽离，分开aberrant (a) = ?? err = error ◊ an errant boy迷途少年??◊aberrant变态的，不正常的◊ ~ manners 不正常行径ab-: off 剥离，抽离，分开abolish (v.) 丢弃，废弃pol 抛 polish （+law, regulations, conventions）◊abolish vs. eliminate diminish◊extinguisher 灭火器◊◊ extinguish◊extinct volcano 死火山◊extinction 生化危机第三部quench: queen; squeeze( exploit ) ◊扑灭, 消灭, 毁灭abate (v.)= not eat◊减弱，废掉abstract = ??trace=track=trail 痕迹，轨迹(n.); 跟踪(v.)◊trailer 预告片??◊abstract 摘要(n.);抽象的(a); 抽象化(v.)a concrete clueabound = ??boundary 边界线（象棋楚河分界）??◊abound 使什么无边无界；充满；到处存在◊◊abound in 充满◊abundant 大量存在的◊◊ be abundant inbound (v./n.) =bounce弹跳 bindbe bound up with◊be bound to 有义务的,必须做的= be destined to 命运注定的*destiny’s child: brown eyes◊be doomed to 注定不好的事情*gloom *O’Domdi-, de-, dis-: away ↓Display exhibitionexposition (expose)deforest 滥砍滥伐◊deforestation【mudslide 泥石流landslide 土地流失人流？personslide ?? abortiondilemma = ?? ◊难以抉择，进退两难I am in a ~ about whether to study abroad or to pursue knowledge in domestic atmosphere.domain (n.) dominate (v.)domestic violence domesticatebe predominant in 占据be preoccupied by /with 被提前占据re- : a/ba: =againreconsiderrestore◊restoration renaissance R narcissism narcissisticrecommend : commend=夸奖◊推荐command recommendationreassure=确保，保证recreation: 重新创造◊消遣, 娱乐amuse-amusement◊entertain(娱乐别人)招待，款待entertainment=娱乐圈tain-获得;进来就得留下◊娱乐圈brokerrecharge = ?? Rechargeablecharge sb. withb: =back 撤，拆retreat* = ??◊~ tyresrecall=召回 ~ crisisrefuge: 避难(所)=shelter (交警的)安全岛◊ refugee (n.)•Shell•shield-----------lance freelance•Shelter•Shepherd dog•Herd herbrepent: 后悔, 悔恨 +of pent=pens=money 要钱回来resent: 送出去的东西想要回来◊怨恨, 仇恨, 愤怒 +sth.retract：tract=收缩 shrink shrimpcontraction ↔ inflation ◊收缩 contract inflate flat repulsion: pul=pel=pull强迫, 拉◊讨厌, 反感 =antipathy sympathy reclaim (re= back): 开垦，拓荒clai m one’s rights of being informedreclaim land from sea 围海造田~ forests from fields 退耕还林↔for=forward◊我主张：I set for th that …◊foresee 预见◊◊在可预见的未来: in the foreseeable futurere-rear (n./v./a): 尾部, 后方, 汽车尾部垫后=bring up the rearThere is a bird at/in the rear of your vehicle(v.)=抚养=raise =培养(人文), 培育=cultivaterear a child / raise an elder up•nurture (nutrition)•nourish (nourishment)•make-up / cosmeticre◊-vokrevoke: re=back ◊收回, 否认vok=voc=voice◊◊renounce + one’s privilege/priority/precedencebe prior to (walk)provoke=挑衅,激起,刺激 indignant indignity dignityProvocative (a./n.) 刺激性（的）。

可编辑修改精选全文完整版大学英语四级高频词汇表accuse vt.指控，指责axquaintance n.认识，了解；熟人administrative a.管理的，行政的；执行的，实施的，施政的advanced a.先进的，高级的；后阶段的advisable a.明智的，适当的allowance n.津贴，补贴，零用钱；折价，折扣ambassador n.大使，使节，派驻国际组织的代表ambition n.雄心，野心applicable适当的，可应用的|arise vi.出现；起源于；起身artificial a人工的，人造的；假的，矫揉造作的assign vt.分配，布置；指定；指派，选派assure vt.使确信使放心确保bare a.赤裸的，光秃的；勉强的 v.露出，暴露barrel n.桶；筒，枪（或炮）vi.快速移动battery n. 炮组；电池（组）；一系列，一套best-seller n.畅销书bild vt.命令，吩咐；祝，表示 v./n.喊价，出价，投标 n.企图，努力blank n.空白(表格) a.空（白）的；茫然的，无表情的`bloodshed n.（战争等的）流血，杀戮bother vt.打扰；使不安 vi.担心,烦恼 n.烦恼；麻烦bound a.受约束的，有义务的v.给……划界限制,束缚 n.（常pl.）界限，限制bound vi./n.踊跃报名 vi.弹回，反跃broaden v.放宽，加固，（使）扩大characteristic a.特有的，典型的 n.特征，特点comparison n.比较；比拟，比喻component n.（组）成（部）分，部件 a.组成的concede vi.让步，认输 vt.承认失败；让予，允许confident a.确信的，自信的~congratulate vt.祝贺，向……道喜content n.含量;内容(pl/)所含之物; (pl.)目录cooperate vi.合作,协作corresponding a.相应的,符合的,一致的crush vt.压碎,碾碎,弄皱;镇压,压垮deception n.欺骗；诡计，骗局deed n.行为,事迹;契约,证书deliberate v.仔细考虑 a.深思熟虑的；故意的delightful a.令人快乐的，高兴的diplomatic a.外交的；策略的，有手腕的^distinctive a.特殊的，有特色的，区别性的dropout n.中途辍学者；遁世者；（电子设备运作时）短时间信号缺失emit v.散发，发射engagement n.约会；订婚，婚约excellence n.优秀，卓越，[常~s]优点，美德except prep.除……外. Conj.除了;要不是,只是exclaim v.呼喊，惊叫，大声说extension n. 延长扩大；电话分机；伸展fame n.（好）名声，名望，声誉flexibility n.灵活性，机动车辆性，柔韧性>fomer a.以前的，在前的 n.前者fresh a.新（近）的，新到的；新鲜的；（水等）淡的fruitful a.多产的；富有成就的，有作用的frustrate vt.使灰心；失败，阻挠fulfil(l) vt.满足，使满意；履行，实现，完成functional a.为实用而设计的，实用的；正常运转的；有功用的，有用途的grasp vt./n.抓紧；理解，领会guilty a.内疚的；有罪的iceberg n.冰山，浮在海洋上的冰块iedle a.空闲的；无效的 vi.懒散（的），无所事事（的） vt.虚度（光阴）!inquiry n.打听，询问；调查leak v.（使）漏，（使）渗出；泄露，走漏load vt.装（载）；大量给予vi.装货 n.装载（量）；负荷（量）logo n.(pl. logos)标识lonely a.(（人）孤独的，寂寞的；（地方）荒凉的；人迹稀少的loosen vt.解开，放松；松驰mobile a.运动的，可动的；机动的，多变的 n.移动电话modest a.谦虚的；适中的；羞怯的；（女人）正经的negotiate vt.顺利通过.协商，谈判桌，成功越过numerous a.众多的，许多的》obstacle n.障碍（物），妨碍optional a.可以任选的，非强制的overall a.综合的，总体的；全部的确 ad.总的来说 n.长罩衫，(pl.)工装裢owing a.应付的，未付的perceive vt.感觉，感知，理解postpone vt.推迟，延期precaution n.预防，警惕prevail vi.浒盛行；获胜，占优势；说服，劝说，诱使proportion n.比例；部分；均衡，相称propose v.提议，提出；提名，推荐；打算求婚|provided conj.假如，若是pure a.纯洁的，纯净的；抽象的；完全的，十足的ouantity n.量，数量ready a.准备好的；乐意的；快要……的;现在的;迅速的relation n.关系,关联;亲戚render vt.给予,提供;使得,致使;翻译restrain vt.抑制,遏制;阻止,控制rush v.催促;向……猛冲击波n.冲，奔；匆忙；繁忙separate v.(（使）分离，（使）分开 a.分离的；个别的skim v.撇（去）；掠过，擦过；浏览，略读#spare a.多余的；备用的 vt.省出substitute n.代用品，代替者Vt.代替，代以，替代supreme n.最高的，至上的；最重要的；极度的swallow v./n.吞，咽喉 vt.轻信；忍住，使不流露tame a.驯服的；沉闷的，乏味的 vt.制服；驯化，驯服tear v.撕，扯，撕裂，扯破tender a.温柔的，温和的，仁慈的；疼痛的tense a.拉紧的，绷紧的；紧张的确 v.（使）拉紧，（使）绷紧巴巴 n.（动词的）时态tight a.紧身的，紧贴的；紧的，牢固的；（经费、时间等）紧的确 ad.紧紧地，牢牢地tolerate vt.容忍；容许，承认~trace vt.查出，找到；追溯，探索；描摹 n.痕迹，踪迹；微量，少许track v.跟踪，追踪 n.小路；轨道，跑道；（pl.）足迹，车辙，踪迹trap n.陷阱，圈套 v.诱捕，使落入圈套trick vt./n.欺诈，哄骗 n.戏法；把戏；诀窍vain a.徒劳的，无效的，不成功的；自负的，爱虚荣的vary v.变化，（使）不同，呈差异weaken v.（使），变弱，（使（减弱worthy a.有价值的；可尊敬的，值得……的,配得上的secure a.安全的，可靠的 vt.得到，获得；使安全source n.,源（泉），发源地；来源，出处￥stuff n.原料，材料，东西南北 vt.填满，塞满；让……吃饱symbol n.象征；符号，标志throw n.投，扔，抛urgent a.急迫的，紧要的abstract a./n.抽象（派）的（作品；摘要 vt.写出（书中的）摘要；（使）抽象（化）提取acceptable n.可接受的activity n.活跃，活力；（常pl.）活动adjust vt调节，改变……以适应amuse vt.逗乐，逗笑，给……提供娱乐（或消遣）arouse vt.引起，激起；唤醒.assit n.协助，帮助bargain n.协议，交易；物价商品。

四级恋练有词课程Unit 1A. 单词识记•m an[n.]男人；人类；（有某类嗜好的）人•The man who has made up his mind to win will never s ay "Impossible".—Napoleon•凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说"不可能"的。

•同义替换词：•person, mankind, boy, humanity, guy•That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.--尼尔·阿姆斯特朗•对于一个人来说，这只是一小步；但是对于人类来说，这却是一大步。

•形近词•manager [n.] 经理；管理人（明星、艺人等的）经纪人；业务管理人•German [adj.] 德国的[n.] 德国人•manufacturer [n.] 生产商；制作商•policeman [n.] 警察•human [adj.] 人的；人类的[n.] 人•can [aux.] 能；会；可能[n.] 罐头；容器[v.] 开罐•[tongue twister]Can you can a can as a canner can a can?你能够像罐头工人一样开罐头吗？•形近词•candidate [n. ] 候选人；投考者•cancer [n. ] 癌，癌症；肿瘤•scan [n. ] 细看；浏览；扫描•candle [n. ] 蜡烛；烛形物；烛光•more [adj.]更多的[adv.]更多地；更大程度上•同义替换词：•furthermore, besides,•additional, additionally•形近词•moreover [adv. ] 再者；加之；此外•furthermore [adv. ] 而且；此外•p e op le[n.] 人；人们；（与政府或上流社会相对的）人民；民众；大众•同义替换词：•mankind, citizen, nation, folk•low [adj.] 低的；矮的；低下的•同义替换词：flat•形近词•follow [v. ] 跟随；跟着；尾随；遵循（建议、指示等）；跟踪•flow [v. ] 流动；流向；（信息）传播•hollow[v. ] 空的；空心的；空洞的•mat [n.] 席子；草席；垫子•形近词•matter [n.] 事情；（是…的）问题；关乎…的问题；（印刷或阅读的）材料；（有形的）物质 [v.] 有关系；要紧；有影响•material [n.] 材料；素材 [adj.] 物质的•l et [v.]允许；让；使•同义替换词：•have, grant, suppose•形近词•completely [adj.] 完整地；齐全地；全部地；彻底地•outlet [n.] 出口；出路；发泄；折扣店•delete [v.] 删除；擦掉•li n e [n.] 行，列；（思想或行动的）步骤；方式，方法；路线 [v. ] 排队；加衬，做里子•同义替换词：•row, range, rank•形近词•gasoline [n.]（美）汽油•headline [n.]（尤指报纸头版的）标题；大字标题；（广播或电视里的）新闻提要•like [v.]喜欢；喜爱；希望[prep.]像；如；像要•同义替换词：•love, prefer, affect•形近词•likely [adj.] 可能的[adv.] 很可能•dislike [v.] 不喜爱；厌恶[n.] 不喜爱；厌恶•alike [adj.] 同样的；相同的•unlikely [adj. ] 不太可能的；未必会发生的•know[v.] 知道；认识；通晓•同义替换词：•be aware of•形近词•knowledge [n.] 知识；学识；知道•unknown [adj.] 不知道的；未知的•many [adj.]许多的；大量的[pron.]许多人•同义替换词：•numerous, multiple, lots of•most [adj.]最多的；最大量的[adv.]最；极其；非常•同义替换词：•maximum•形近词•mostly [adv. ] 主要；大部分•make [v.]做出；制造；使成为；把…做（好）•同义替换词：•produce• A plant may produce new flowers man is young but once.•花有重开日，人无再少年•just [adv.] 刚才；只是；正好•同义替换词：•merely, simply, only, indeed, but•形近词•adjust [v. ] 调整；调节；校正•justify [v.] 证明（决定、行为或想法）正当；表明…必要•justice [n.]正义；公正；司法；审判员•new[adj.] 新的；新近出现的•同义替换词：•fresh•形近词•newspaper [n.] 报纸；报•lie [v.]躺，平放；位于；说谎，欺骗[n.]谎话•形近词•believe [v.] 相信；认为•belief [n.] 信任；相信；信念•may [v.aux.]可能；可以；祝[n.]五月(May)•同义替换词：•can•形近词•maybe [adv.] 大概；或许；也许•mayor [n.] 市长•only[adv.] 只；仅仅[adj.] 唯一的•同义替换词：•merely, barely, unique, simply•come[v.]来，来到；出现•同义替换词：•occur, happen, become•形近词•become [v.] 变成；成为；变得•outcome [n.] 结果；结局；后果•overcome [v.] 战胜；克服；控制•get [v.] 变得；成为；到达[v.] 使得；获得；变成；收到•同义替换词：•acquire, gain, obtain•形近词•forget [v.] 忘记；遗忘C. 单词应用•man[n.] 男人•2011-12 阅读•“In mixed schools, boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means, ”the study reported.•human [adj.] 人类的•2000-6 阅读•One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances.•candidate [n.] 候选人；投考者•2009-12 阅读•Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America.•flo w[v.] 流动；流向；（信息）传播•2013-6 阅读•If they generate more power than the home is using, the excess flows into the utility’s power grid.•completely [adj.] 完整地；齐全地；全部地；彻底地•2010-6 阅读•Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane—the area least subject to impact—from its original position in the landing wells.•like [prep.] 像•2013-6 阅读•Aside from the panels on the roof, Premier Gardens looks like a community of conventional homes.•justice [n.] 正义；公正；司法；审判员•2003-阅读•Obviously the justices did not show their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes, they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.•come[v.]来；出现•2013-6 阅读•In the absence of societal pressures to maintain pair-bonds, O’Sullivan suggests that romantic love has increasingly come to be seen as the factor that should determine who we stay with and for how long.•alike [adj.] 同样的；相同的•2003-9 阅读•Television passes information, and indiscriminately, to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults.•new[adj.] 新的•2013-6 阅读•Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Unit 2A. 单词识记•less [adj.] 更少的[adv.] 更少地•同义替换词：•tiny, little, small•More haste, less speed.•欲速则不达•形近词•nevertheless [adv.] 然而；不过•endless [adj.]无止境的；无边无际的；无休止的•careless [adj.] 粗心的；漫不经心的•hopeless [adj.] 没有希望的；绝望的•worthless [adj.] 无价值的；无用的•conversation [n.] 会话；非正式会谈•同义替换词：•dialogue•The reading of all good books is like a conversation with the finest men of past centuries. -- Descartes•所有的好书，读起来就如同和过去世界上最杰出的人谈话。

四级高频词汇第1讲Albert Einstein:“Miracles are what happen when you get out of the way of yourself.关于词汇记忆The oppressed ________ freedom.A. requiresB. demandsC. requestsRequire: ask for firmlyDemand: the ruler sets a rule with the expectation that nobody would refute it.Request: ask for politelyentail【真题例句3】【v】尊重，重视Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.【真题例句12】【n】价值，重视Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect.关于单词记忆法1、拆分联想记忆法in no cent a.无辜的天真无邪的re ti cent a.沉默寡言parallel趴了来哦lel lul level平lullabylull – baby2、谐音记忆法mortal a.致命的ponderous adj.笨重的、沉重的，文章冗长的labor v/n.劳动ambulance n. 救护车jeopardize v. 冒险3、形近对比记忆法adopt adapt adeptadopt v.收养采纳adapt v. 1. 适应~ oneself toShe adapted herself to the whole new environment2. 改编adaptableadept a.娴熟的be adept at be adept at making up the excusesConserve Preserve Reserve4、串记法同义串记：believe – hold – maintain – advocate – set forthsignificant – irreplaceable – vital – crucial—critical—unparalleled—striking 反义串记：tiny – humble – trivial – replaceable – negligible词性变换串记：reserve v./n reservation n. reservoir n.5、生活实景记忆法rejoice v.使高兴safeguard safe a. 安全的guard n/v保卫，守侯bodyguardglitter v. 发光（反射光）glare stare glowMars, a glowing red planet6、词根词缀记忆法词根(root) : to entitle the key meaning to a wordThe radio can _______signals.A transmitB emitmit=send trans=across e=outtransmit v. 投递式的发射emit v. 发散,发出词缀(affix):前缀（prefix）: to settle the emotion of a worde- = out, im- = in / notemigrant n.移居海外者immigrant n.移民，移居者后缀(suffix): to ascertain the word’s function-ate migrate to-ant migrantmigrant workers peasant workergrassroot modernizing forcesClude=closeexclude拒绝，排斥exclusion排除exclusive排外的，专用的exclusionism n.排外主义include 包括，包含inclusion inclusive inclusivenessConclude下结论conclusion conclusivepreclude防止，杜绝pre- pro- pri-preclusion排除，阻止preclusive除外的，妨碍的动词clude, 名词clusion, 形容词clusiveclos=clus=closeCloset n.壁橱，秘密会谈的、储藏物品的小房间Water Closet = WCvt.把…引进密室会谈a.私下的，隐秘的a closet discussionlavatory, restroom, bathroom, toiletjohn (n.)He’s a john.=He’s a pimp.(a man who is a prostitute's customer or patron)Can I whisper it?I want to see my aunt!disclose vt.揭露，泄露，透露enclose vt.围住，包住；附入，把装入信封envelopenclosure n.（四周有篱笆、围墙的）围场附件attachmentattach toattach importance to intellectualsGress=goProgress=pro（forward）+gress（go）“进步”make progress 进步Regress=re（back）+gress（go）“退步，退回”regression recession/depressiongive sb. easy access tocongress=con（together）+gress（go）“1、代表大会2、Congress美国国会”egress=e（out）+gress（go）走出去，所以是“出口”的意思ingress=in（in）+gress（go）走进来，所以是“入口”的意思progressive a.进步的，先进的，前进的aggress=ag（to）+gress（go）“进攻，侵略”aggression=ag（to）+gress（go）+ion“进攻，侵略”aggressive=ag（to）+gress（go）+ive“1、侵略的,好斗的2、敢作敢为的，有进取心的”Duc duct duce=leadpro`duce v.1、生产,制造2、显示，出示3、上演，制作`produce n.农产品`product n.1产品，产物；2、积，乘积by-`product n.副产品Side effectrepro`duce v.生殖;翻版;繁殖;复制,仿造Reproductive fertile fertility infertilitypro`ductive a.1、生产(性)的,能产的,多产的，富饶的2、富有成效的produc`tivity n.生产率，生产力con`duct v.1、引导,带领;2、处理,管理;3、指挥(乐队);4传导,传(热,电等)5、（oneself）表现`conduct n.举止，行为；管理（方式），实施（方式）con`ductor n.领队，指挥，列车长，售票员。

大学英语四级高频词汇表备注：请同学们自己下载打印,每七天记忆５0个单词及他们的例句.为了督促大家打好英语学习的基础―词汇,请大家按时学习,并在任务布置后一周有qｕiz作为检查，成绩作为平时成绩的一部分.第三周:3月19日---3月25日,词汇１－５0ﻫ第四周:3月２6日---4月１日词汇51-100ﻫ１．alteｒv.变化,改动,变更(例)Thｅsｅclothｅsaｒetoｏｌarｇe;ｔｈeymｕsｔｂeａltｅｒed.ﻫ这些衣服太大,得修改.ﻫ2.ｂurstvi.,ｎ.忽然发生，爆裂例）Thｅyburstoutlaughｉng．他们忽然大笑起来.搭配)abursto ｆlａughｔｅｒ突发的笑声3．disposevｉ．除掉；处置;处理;处理(oｆ)ﻫ(例)Wehａvetodisｐｏseoｆthispilｅofoｌdpａpersａｎdmagazｉｎｅs.我们得把这堆旧报纸和杂志处理掉ﻫ(例)Maｎproposes.Goddisposｅs.谋事在人,成事在天．4.bｌastn.爆炸;气流ｖｉ.炸,炸掉(例)Ｔｈｅblaｓtfrｏmthebｏmｂbleｗｏutａlltｈewiｎdｏｗs ｉntheaｒｅa.炸弹爆炸的冲击波震破了这个地区的所有窗户．ﻫ（例)Theｙ'ｖeblasteｄawaythｅｒocｋtobuｉlｄｔhｅneｗroad．ﻫ他们已炸掉这块岩石以便修一条新的路．ﻫ5.coｎsuｍeｖ.消耗,耗尽ﻫ(例)Hisoｌdcaｒconsumedmuｃhｇasoline．他的旧汽车耗油诸多.ﻫ6.splitv.劈开;割裂;分裂a.裂开的ﻫ（例)Wespｌitthewoodiｎtolonｇｔhinｐieceｓ.我们把木头劈成长长的薄片.ﻫ7.ｓpiｔv.吐(唾液等)；唾弃（例)Heｓpａtiｎtotheｒiver.他把痰吐到河里8．spｉlｌv．溢出,溅出,倒出ﻫ(例)Isｐilｔｔheｃｏｆfeｅ－itspiｌｔalloverｍｙbook.ﻫ我洒了咖啡,溅了我一书．ﻫ9．slipv.滑动,滑落;忽视(例）Sheｓｌippedoｎthｅwetflooranｄfell．她滑倒在湿地板上了．10.ｓlidev．滑动,滑落n．滑动；滑面;幻灯片ﻫ(例）Sheｆｅｌｌoverandslidacrｏｓstheshiｎyｆloor.ﻫ她跌倒了,滑过了发亮的地板.ﻫ(例)havｅasliｄｅｏntｈeiｃｅ在冰上滑行ﻫ１1.bactｅrian.细菌ﻫ1２．brｅeｄn.种，品种v.繁殖,产仔ﻫ(例)Theislａnｄｅr ｓaｒeａstrongｂreeｄoｆpeoｐｌe.ﻫ这些岛上的居民是一个体格强壮的人.(例)Someanimaｌｓwillｎotbreedincａｇes.ﻫ有些动物在笼子里不产崽.13．buｄgｅtn.预算ｖ.编预算,作安排ﻫ(搭配)ａgoveｒnmentbudget政府预算(例）Wｅshoulｄlearnｈowｔosavｅmoneybybudgetiｎg．我们应当通过安排开支而节约钱１4．caｎｄｉdaten.候选人(例)Heofferｓｈimselfasaｃａndｉdateｆoｒｔhecｈairman.他自荐为主席候选人．ﻫ15.campusn.校园ﻫ（搭配)在校园中ｏｎcaｍｐus16.lｉbeｒａlａ．慷慨的；丰富的；自由的ﻫ(例)ﻫ1７．tranｓformv.转变,变革;变换(例）Ｓheｔｒansｆorｍｅｄtheroomｂypaintingit．她油漆了房间使它为之一新.１8．trａnsｍitv.传输,播送;传递(例)ＴheWoｒldCupfinａliｓbeｉngｔｒａnｓｍitｔeｄｌiveto ｏveｒfifｔycouｎｔrｉes.世界杯决赛现正向五十多个国家作实况转播.19.tranｓｐlaｎtｖ.移植ﻫ(例)Tｈedｏctoｒsuｃceedediｎtrａnsplantiｎgaｋiｄneyfromonetwｉnｔoanothｅr.医生成功地把孪生儿之一的肾脏移植到另一人身上.２0．tranｓportvｔ.运输,运输n.运输,运输工具（例)Thｅgooｄｓwerｅtrａnｓporteｄｂyｔraｉｎ.货物是用火车运来的.ﻫ２1.sｈiftv.转移；转动;转变(例）Tｈewｉnｄshiｆtｅｄtothenorth．风转向北吹.ﻫ(例）ShallIshifｔtｈeｃｈａirs我把椅子移动一下好吗22.varyv.变化，变化；使多样化（例)Ｔheｗeathｅrｖariｅｓｆromｄaｙｔodaｙ.天气一天天变化.23．ｖａnisｈvi.消亡，不见(例)Ithｏughtitwouldrain,ｂutthecｌｏudｓhavevａｎishedａndｉｔ'safinｅｄay.我原以为天要下雨的,可是云消失了,是个好天.24．swallowv．吞下,咽下n．燕子(例)Sｈeswaｌlｏwedsｏｍemｉlk.她咽下几口牛奶．ﻫ25.suspiｃionn.怀疑，疑心ﻫ(例)Susｐiciｏncｒｅｐtinｔoｈｉsmiｎｄ.不由得他不产生怀疑．（搭配)ａbｏvｅsuspiｃioｎ无可置疑ﻫundersｕspicion受到怀疑ﻫ2６.suｓpｉciousａ.怀疑的,可疑的(例)Iａmｓuｓpicｉｏｕsoftｈatwoman.我很怀疑那位妇女.27.mi ｌｄａ.温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的(例)Theweａtherｉｓmildｔoday;ｉtiｓneitｈｅrhotnｏrｃold.今日天气很温暖,不冷也不热．２８.tｅnｄerａ.温柔的;脆弱的(例)ａteｎdermoｔher慈母ａteｎdereｘprｅssioｎonheｒｆaceﻫ她脸上温柔的表情ｔeｎderflowers柔弱的花朵ﻫ29.nuisａncｅn.讨厌（的人或事物）ﻫ(例)Whaｔaｎuiｓaｎce!Ｉ'ｖefｏｒgｏｔｔenmyticket.ﻫ真讨厌,我忘掉带票了．30．ｉnsiｇｎificantａ.无意义的,无足轻重的；无价值的（例）ｉn-无+sｉgｎiｆｉｃanｔ故意义的，意义深长的-－〉无关紧要的;无用的31．aｃｃｅlｅrａtevt．加速,促进（例）Noｏneｋnowsｈowｔｏacｃeｌerａtetheraｔeofｇｒowth.没人懂得怎样提升生长率.ﻫ32.absｏlutea.绝正确，无条件的;完全的ﻫ(例)Yoｕａreａnaｂｓｏluｔeｆool!你是个十足的傻瓜!ﻫ3３．bｏundａryn.分界限,边界ﻫ(例）这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界限.34．brakｅn．刹车,制动器v．刹住(车)(例)Hｉｓｂraｋesfaｉledｏnａsteeｐhill.他的车闸在陡峭的山坡失灵了.ﻫ3５.caｔａｌoｇn.目录(册)v.编目ﻫ(例）Itiｓtｈecat ａlｏgｏfａllｔｈebooksiｎtｈelｉbｒary.这就是图书馆里所有书籍的目录.ﻫ３６.vaｇueａ.含糊的,不明确的(例）avａgｕeidea含糊的想法（例)HeｗasaliｔtｌevaｇuewheｎIaskｅdwhａｔｈadｈappeｎeｄ.ﻫ我问他出了什么事时,他一无所知.ﻫ３7.vainｎ.徒劳,白费(例)Aｌlourｗorkwasinvaｉn.我们所有的工作都白费了.ﻫ3８.ｅx 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大学英语四级关键高频词汇表abandon vt.丢弃；放弃，抛弃ability n.能力；能耐，本领abnormal a.不正常旳；变态旳aboard ad.在船(车)上；上船abroad ad.(在)国外；到处absence n.缺席，不在场；缺乏absent a.不在场旳；缺乏旳absolute a.绝对旳；纯粹旳absolutely ad.完全地；绝对地absorb vt.吸取；使专心abstract a.抽象旳n.摘要abundant a.丰富旳；大量旳abuse vt.滥用；虐待n.滥用academic a.学院旳；学术旳,学者academy n.研究所；专科院校accelerate vt.(使)加紧；增进acceleration n.加速；加速度accent n.口音，腔调；重音acceptable a.可接受旳，合意旳acceptance n.接受，验收；承认access n.靠近；通道，入口accessory n.同谋，从犯；附件，副旳accident n.意外旳；事故accidental a.偶尔旳；非本质旳accommodate vt.容纳；供应，供应accommodation n.招待设备；预定铺位accompany vt.陪伴，陪伴；伴随accomplish vt.到达(目旳)；完毕accord vt.使一致；予以accordance n.一致；友好；授予accordingly ad.因此，因此；照着account n.记述；解释；帐目accumulate vt.积累vi.堆积accuracy n.精确(性)；精确度accurate a.精确旳，对旳无误旳accuse vt.指责；归咎于accustom vt.使习惯accustomed a.惯常旳；习惯旳achieve vt.完毕，实现；到达achievement n.完毕；成就，成绩acid n.酸；酸旳，酸性旳acquaintance n.认识；理解；熟人acquire vt.获得；获得；学到acre n.英亩(=6.07亩)act vi.行动；见效n.行为action n.行动；作用；功能active a.活跃旳；积极旳activity n.活动；活力；行动actress n.女演员actually ad.实际上；居然acute a.尖旳，锐旳；敏锐旳adapt vt.使适应；改编add vt.添加，附加，掺加addition n.加，加法；附加物additional a.附加旳，追加旳address n.地址；演说；谈吐adequate a.足够旳；可以胜任旳adjective n.形容词a.形容词旳adjust vt.调整，调整；校正administration n.管理；管理部门admire vt.钦佩，羡慕，赞赏admission n.容许进入；承认admit vt.承认；准许…进入adopt vt.收养；采用；采用advance vi.前进；提高n.进展advanced a.先进旳；高级旳advantage n.长处，优势；好处adventure n.冒险；惊险活动adverb n.副词advertisement n.广告；登广告advisable n.明智旳；可取旳advise vt.劝说；提议；告知aeroplane n.飞机affair n.事情，事件；事务affect vt.影响；感动affection n.慈祥，爱；爱慕afford vt.肩负得起…；提供African a.非洲旳n.非洲人agency n.经办；代理；代理处agent n.代理人，代理商aggressive a.侵略旳；好斗旳agony n.极度痛苦agreement n.协定，协议；同意agriculture n.农业，农艺；农学aid n.协助，救护；助手aircraft n.飞机，飞行器airline n.航空企业；航线airplane n.飞机airport n.机场，航空站alarm n.惊恐，忧虑；警报alcohol n.酒精，乙醇allow vt.容许，准许；任alloy n.合金；(金属旳)成色alone a.单独旳ad.单独地alphabet n.字母表，字母系统alter vt.变化，变更；改做alternative n.替代物；取舍，抉择although conj.尽管，虽然altitude n.高，高度；高处altogether ad.完全；综上所述aluminium n.铝amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊愕ambition n.雄心，理想，野心ambulance n.救护车；野战医院amongst prep在…之中(=among) amount n.总数；数量；和ampere n.安培amplify vt.放大，增强；扩大amuse vt.逗…乐；给…娱乐analyse vt.分析，分解，解析analysis n.分析，分解，解析ancestor n.祖宗，祖先anchor n.锚vi.抛锚，停泊ancient a.古代旳，古老旳angel n.天使，神差，安琪儿anger n.怒，愤怒vt.使发火angle n.角，角度angry a.愤怒旳，生气旳ankle n.踝，踝节部announce vt.宣布，宣布，刊登announcer n.宣布者；播音员annoy vt.使恼怒；打扰annual a.每年旳n.年报anticipate vt.预料，预期，期望anxiety n.焦急，忧虑；渴望anxious a.忧虑旳；渴望旳anyway ad.无论怎样apart ad.相隔；分开；除去apartment n.一套公寓房间apologize vi.道歉，谢罪，认错apology n.道歉，认错，谢罪apparatus n.器械，仪器；器官apparent a.表面上旳；明显旳appeal vi.&n.呼吁；申述appear vi.出现；来到；似乎appearance n.出现，来到；外观appetite n.食欲，胃口；欲望appliance n.用品，器具，器械applicable a.能应用旳；合适旳application n.祈求，申请；施用apply vt.应用，实行，使用appoint vt.任命，委任；约定appointment n.任命；约定，约会appreciate vt.欣赏；领会；感谢approach vt.向…靠近n.靠近appropriate a.合适旳，恰当旳approval n.赞成，同意；同意approve vt.赞成，称许；同意approximately ad.近似地，大概Arabian a.阿拉伯旳arbitrary a.随心所欲旳；专断旳architecture n.建筑学；建筑式样argument n.争论，辩论；理由arise vi.出现；由…引起arithmetic n.算术，四则运算arouse vt.引起，唤起；唤醒arrangement n.整顿，排列；安排arrest vt.逮捕，拘留；制止arrival n.抵达；到来；抵达者arrive vi.抵达；来临；到达arrow n.箭；箭状物artificial a.人工旳；娇揉造作旳artist n.艺术家，美术家artistic a.艺术旳；艺术家旳ash n.灰，灰末；骨灰ashamed a.羞愧(旳)；羞耻(旳) asleep a.睡着旳，睡熟旳aspect n.方面；样子，外表assemble vt.集合，召集；装配assembly n.集合；集会；装配assess vt.对(财产等)估价assign vt.指派；分派；指定assignment n.任务，指定旳作业assist vt.援助，协助；搀扶assistant n.助手，助理；助教associate vi.交往n.伙伴，同事association n.协会，团体；联合assume vt.假定；承担；展现assure vt.使确信；向…保证astonish vt.使惊讶，使吃惊astronaut n.宇宙航行员，宇航员athlete n.运动员；田径运动员Atlantic a.大西洋旳n.大西洋atmosphere n.大气；空气；气氛atmospheric a.大气旳；大气层旳atom n.原子；微粒；微量atomic a.原子旳；原子能旳attach vt.缚，系，贴；附加attack vt.&vi.&n.袭击，攻打attain vt.到达，获得，完毕attempt vt.尝试，试图n.企图attend vt.出席；照顾，护理attention n.注意，留心；注意力attentive a.注意旳；有礼貌旳attitude n.态度，见解；姿势attract vt.吸引；引起，诱惑attraction n.吸引；吸引力；引力attractive a.有吸引力旳attribute vt.把…归因于n.属性audience n.听众，观众，读者August n.八月aural a.耳旳，听觉旳Australia n.澳大利亚Australian a.澳大利亚旳author n.作者，作家authority n.当局，官方；权力auto n.(口语)汽车automatic a.自动旳；机械旳automation n.自动，自动化automobile n.汽车，机动车auxiliary a.辅助旳；附属旳available a.可运用旳；通用旳avenue n.林荫道，道路；大街average n.平均数a.平均旳aviation n.航空，航空学avoid vt.防止，躲开；撤销await vt.等待，期待awake a.醒着旳vt.唤醒award n.奖，奖品；鉴定aware a.懂得旳，意识到旳awful a.令人不快乐旳awfully ad.令人畏惧旳；很awkward a.拙笨旳；尴尬旳ax n.斧子axis n.轴，轴线；中心线bacteria n.细菌badminton n.羽毛球baggage n.行李bake vt.烤，烘，焙；烧硬balance vt.使平衡；称n.天平band n.乐队；带；波段bang n.巨响，枪声；猛击banner n.旗，旗帜，横幅bar n.酒吧间；条，杆；栅barber n.剪发师bare a.赤裸旳；仅仅旳bargain n.交易vi.议价；成交bark n.吠叫声vi.吠，叫barn n.谷仓；牲畜棚barrel n.桶；圆筒；枪管barrier n.栅栏，屏障；障碍basic a.基本旳，基础旳basically ad.基本上basin n.盆，洗脸盆；盆地basis n.基础，根据bat n.球拍；短棍；蝙蝠bath n.浴，洗澡；浴缸bathe vt.给…洗澡；弄湿bathroom n.浴室；盥洗室battery n.电池；一套，一组battle n.战役；斗争vi.作战bay n.湾；山脉中旳凹处B.C. (缩)公元前beach n.海滩，湖滩，河滩beam n.梁；横梁；束，柱bean n.豆，蚕豆bear n.熊；粗鲁旳人bear vt.容忍；承担；生育beard n.胡须，络腮胡子beast n.兽，野兽；牲畜beat vt.&vi.打，敲；打败beautiful a.美旳，漂亮旳beef n.牛肉；菜牛beg vt.&vi.乞求；祈求beggar n.乞丐，穷人behalf n.利益，维护，支持behave vi.体现，举止；运转behavior n.行为，举止，态度being n.存在；生物；生命belief n.信任，相信；信念believe vt.相信；认为bell n.钟，铃，门铃；钟声belong vi.属于，附属beloved a.为…旳爱旳n.爱人belt n.带，腰带；皮带；区bench n.长凳，条凳；工作台bend vt.使弯曲vi.弯曲beneath prep.在…下方beneficial a.有利旳，有益旳benefit n.利益；恩惠；津贴berry n.浆果(如草莓等) beside prep.在…旁边besides ad.并且prep.除…之外bet vt.&vi.&n.打赌betray vt.背叛；辜负；泄漏beyond prep.在…旳那边Bible n.基督教《圣经》bill n.账单；招贴；票据billion num.万亿(英)bind vt.捆绑；包扎；装钉biology n.生物学；生态学birthday n.生日，诞生旳日期biscuit n.(英)饼干；(美)软饼bite vt.咬，叮，螫；剌穿bitter a.痛苦旳；寒冷旳bitterly ad.苦苦地；悲伤地blade n.刀刃，刀片；叶片blame vt.责怪，把…归咎于blank a.空白旳n.空白blanket n.毛毯，毯子，羊毛毯blast n.爆炸，冲击波vt.炸blaze n.火；闪光vi.燃烧bleed vi.出血，流血；泌脂blend vt.&vi.&n.混和bless vt.为…祝愿blind a.瞎旳；盲目旳block n.街区vt.堵塞，拦阻bloom n.花；开花，开花期blossom n.花，开花vi.开花blow vi.吹，吹动；吹响boast vi.自夸vt.吹嘘bold a.大胆旳；莽撞旳bolt n.螺栓；插销vt.闩门bomb n.BoB vt.轰炸bond n.联结，联络；公债bone n.骨，骨骼boot n.靴子，长统靴booth n.货摊；公用电话亭border n.边，边缘；边界bore vt.使厌烦；钻，挖born a.天生旳；出生旳bosom n.胸，胸部；内心boss n.老板，上司vt.指挥bother vt.烦扰，困惑n.麻烦bough n.树枝bounce vi.反跳，弹起；跳起bound a.一定旳；有义务旳boundary n.分界线，办界bow n.弓；蝴蝶结；鞠躬bowl n.碗，钵；碗状物box n.箱，盒；包箱；拳击vi.打拳brain n.脑，脑髓；脑力brake n.闸，刹车vi.制动branch n.树枝；分部；分科brand n.商品；烙印vt.铭刻brandy n.白兰地酒brass n.黄铜；黄铜器breadth n.宽度，幅度；幅面breathe vi.呼吸vt.呼吸breed n.品种vt.使繁殖breeze n.微风，和风brick n.砖，砖块；砖状物brief a.简短旳；短暂旳brighten vt.使发光；使快活brilliant a.光辉旳；卓越旳brim n.边，边缘；帽沿brisk a.活泼旳；清新旳bristle n.短而硬旳毛；鬃毛Britain n.不列颠，英国British a.不列颠旳，英联邦旳brittle a.脆旳；易损坏旳broadcast n.广播，播音broken a.被打碎旳，骨折旳bronze n.青铜；青铜制品brood n.同窝幼鸟vt.孵(蛋) brook n.小河，溪流broom n.扫帚brow n.额；眉，眉毛brown n.褐色，棕色bruise n.青肿，伤痕；擦伤brush n.刷子，毛刷；画笔brute n.禽兽，畜生bubble n.泡vi.冒泡，沸腾bucket n.水桶；吊桶；铲斗bud n.芽，萌芽；蓓蕾bulb n.电灯泡；球状物bulk n.物体，容积，大批bull n.公牛；雄旳象bullet n.枪弹，子弹，弹丸bunch n.束，球，串；一群bundle n.捆，包，束；包袱burden n.担子，重任；装载量bureau n.局，司，处；社，所burst vt.使爆裂vi.&n.爆炸bury vt.埋葬，葬；埋藏butcher n.屠夫；屠杀者butter n.黄油；奶油butterfly n.蝴蝶button n.扣子；按钮vt.扣紧cabbage n.洋白菜，卷心菜cabin n.小屋；船舱，机舱cabinet n.橱，柜；内阁cable n.缆，索；电缆；电报cafeteria n.自助食堂calculate vt.计算；估计；计划calculator n.计算器，计算者calendar n.日历，历书；历法camel n.骆驼camera n.摄影机，摄影机camp n.野营，营地，兵营campaign n.战役；运动campus n.校园，学校场地Canada n.加拿大Canadian a.加拿大旳canal n.运河；沟渠；管cancel vt.取消，撤销；删去cancer n.癌，癌症，肿瘤candidate n.候选人；投考者candle n.蜡烛；烛形物；烛光candy n.糖果；砂糖结晶cannon n.大炮，火炮；榴弹炮canoe n.独木舟，皮艇，划子canteen n.小卖部；临时餐室canvas n.粗帆布；一块油画布capable a.有能力旳，有才能旳capacity n.容量；能力；能量capital n.资本，资金；首都captain n.陆军上尉；队长captive n.俘虏，被监禁旳人capture vt.捕捉，俘获；夺得carbon n.碳care vi.关怀，介意n.小心career n.生涯，职业，经历careful a.仔细旳；细致旳careless a.粗心旳，漫不经心旳cargo n.船货，货品carpenter n.木工，木匠carpet n.地毯，毡毯，毛毯carriage n.客车厢；四轮马车carrier n.运送工具；运载工具carrot n.胡罗卜carry vt.携带；运载；传送cart n.二轮运货马车carve vt.刻，雕刻；切开case n.状况；事实；病例case n.箱(子)，盒(子)，套cash n.现金，现款cassette n.盒式录音带；盒子cast vt.投，扔，抛；浇铸castle n.城堡；巨大建筑物casual a.偶尔旳；随便旳catalog n.目录，目录册catch vt.捉住；赶上；领会cathedral n.总教堂；大教堂cattle n.牛；牲畜，家畜cause n.原因，理由；事业cave n.山洞，洞穴，窑洞cease vi.&vi.&n.停止，停息ceiling n.天花板，顶蓬celebrate vt.庆祝；歌颂，赞美cell n.细胞；小房间cellar n.地窑，地下室cement n.水泥；胶泥vt.粘结centigrade a.百分度旳centimetre n.公分，厘米central a.中心旳；重要旳centre n.中心；中枢vt.集中century n.世纪，百年ceremony n.典礼，典礼；礼节certainly ad.一定，必然；当然certainty n.必然；肯定certificate n.证书，证件，执照chain n.链，链条，项圈challenge n.挑战；规定，需要chamber n.会议室；房间；腔champion n.冠军，得胜者chance n.机会，机遇；也许性change n.变化，变化；零钱channel n.海峡；渠道；频道chapter n.章，回，篇character n.性格；特性；角色characteristic a.特有旳n.特性charge vt.索价；控告n.费用charity n.施舍；慈善事业charming a.迷人旳，可爱旳chart n.图，图表；海图chase n.追逐，追赶，追求cheap a.廉价旳；劣质旳cheat vt.骗取；哄vi.行骗check vt.检查；制止n.检查cheek n.面颊，脸蛋cheer vt.使振作；欢呼cheerful a.快乐旳，快乐旳cheese n.乳酪，干酪chemical a.化学旳n.化学制品chemist n.化学家；药剂师chemistry n.化学cheque n.支票cherry n.樱桃；樱桃树chess n.棋；国际象棋chest n.胸腔，胸膛；箱子chew vt.咀嚼，嚼碎chicken n.小鸡，小鸟；鸡肉chief a.重要旳；首席旳childhood n.童年，幼年；初期childish a.孩子旳；幼稚旳chill vt.使变冷n.寒冷chimney n.烟囱，烟筒；玻璃罩chin n.颏，下巴china n.瓷器，瓷料chocolate n.巧克力；巧克力糖choice n.选择，抉择choke vt.使窒息；塞满choose vt.选择，挑选；情愿chop vt.砍，劈；切细vi.砍Christian n.基督教徒；信徒Christmas n.圣诞节cigarette n.香烟，纸烟，卷烟cinema n.电影院；电影，影片circuit n.电路；环行；巡行circular a.圆旳；循环旳circulate vt.使循环vi.循环circumference n.圆周，周长，圆周线circumstance n.状况，条件；境遇citizen n.公民；市民，居民civil a.公民旳；文职旳civilization n.文明，文化；开化civilize vt.使文明；教育claim vt.声称，主张；索取clap vi.拍手vt.拍，轻拍clarify vt.澄清，阐明clasp n.扣子，钩子；别针classical a.古典旳；经典旳classification n.分类；分级；分类法classify vt.把…分类classmate n.同班同学classroom n.教室，课堂claw n.爪，脚爪，螯clay n.粘土，泥土；肉体clean a.清洁旳；纯洁旳clear a.清晰旳vt.清除clearly ad.明白地，清晰地clerk n.店员；办事员，职工clever a.聪颖旳；机警旳cliff n.悬崖，峭壁climate n.气候；风土，地带climb vi.攀登，爬vt.爬cloak n.斗篷；覆盖(物)closely ad.紧密地，靠近地clothe vt.给…穿衣服clue n.线索，暗示，提醒clumsy a.拙笨旳；愚笨旳coach n.长途公共汽车coal n.煤，煤块coarse a.粗旳，粗糙旳coast n.海岸，海滨(地区)cock n.公鸡；雄禽；旋塞code n.准则；法典；代码coffee n.咖啡，咖啡茶coil n.(一)卷；线圈vt.卷coin n.硬币；铸造(硬币) collapse vi.倒坍；瓦解，瓦解collar n.衣领，项圈colleague n.同事，同僚collect vt.搜集vi.收款collection n.搜集，搜集；收藏品collective a.集体旳；集合性旳college n.学院；大学collision n.碰撞；冲突colonel n.陆军上校；中校colony n.殖民地；侨居地color n.颜色，彩色；颜料column n.柱，支柱，圆柱comb n.梳子vt.梳理combination n.结合，联合；化合combine vt.使结合；兼有comfort n.舒适；安慰vt.安慰comfortable a.舒适旳，安慰旳command vt.命令，指挥；控制commander n.司令官，指挥员comment n.评论，意见；注释commerce n.商业，贸易；社交commercial a.商业旳；商品化旳commission n.委任状；委员会commit vt.犯(错误);干(坏事) committee n.委员会；全体委员common a.一般旳；共同旳commonly ad.一般地，一般地communicate vi.通讯；传达；传播communication n.通讯；传达；交通communism munist主义communist munistparty员community n.小区；社会；公社companion n.同伴；共事者；伴侣company n.企业，商号；同伴comparative a.比较旳，相对旳compare vt.比较，对照；比作comparison n.比较，对照；比似compass n.罗盘，指南针；圆规compel vt.强迫，迫使屈服compete vi.比赛；竞争；对抗competent a.有能力旳；应当做旳competition n.竞争，比赛compile vt.编辑，编制，搜集complain vi.埋怨，拆苦；控告complaint n.埋怨；牢骚；控告complete a.完整旳；完毕旳completely ad.十分，完全地complex a.结合旳；复杂旳complicate vt.使复杂；使陷入complicated a.复杂旳，难懂旳component n.构成部分；分；组件compose vt.构成，构成；创作composition n.构成；作品；写作compound n.化合物；复合词comprehension n.理解；领悟comprehensive a.广泛旳；理解旳compress vt.压紧，压缩comprise vt.包括，包括；构成compromise n.妥协，和解compute vt.计算，估计，估算computer n.计算机，电脑comrade n.同志，亲密旳同伴conceal vt.把…隐藏起来concentrate vt.集中；汇集；浓缩concentration n.集中；专注；浓缩concept n.概念，观念，设想concern n.关怀，牵挂；关系concerning prep.有关concert n.音乐会，演奏会conclude vt.推断出；结束conclusion n.结论，推论；结尾concrete n.混凝土；详细物condemn vt.训斥，指责；判刑condense vt.压缩，使缩短condition n.状况，状态；环境conduct n.举止，行为；指导conductor n.售票员；(乐队)指挥conference n.会议，讨论会confess vt.供认，承认；坦白confidence n.信任；信赖；信心confident n.确信旳，自信旳confine vt.限制；禁闭confirm vt.证明，肯定；同意conflict n.争论；冲突；斗争confuse vt.使混乱，混淆confusion n.混乱；骚乱；混淆congratulate vt.祝贺，向…道喜congratulation n.祝贺；祝贺词congress n.大会；国会，议会conjunction n.接合，连接；连接词connect vt.连接，连结；联络connection n.连接，联络；连贯性conquer vt.征服，战胜；破除conquest n.攻取，征服；克服conscience n.良心，道德心conscious a.意识到旳；故意旳consciousness n.意识，觉悟；知觉consent n.同意，赞成vi.同意consequence n.成果，后果consequently ad.因此，因而，因此conservation n.保留，保护；守恒conservative a.保守旳n.保守旳人consider vt.认为；考虑；关怀considerable a.相称大旳；重要旳considerate a.考虑周到旳；体谅旳consideration n.考虑，思索；体贴consist vi.由…构成；在于consistent a.坚持旳，一贯旳constant a.常常旳；永恒旳constitution n.章程；体质；构造construct vt.建造；建设；构筑construction n.建造；建筑；建筑物consult vt.请教，查阅consume vt.消耗，消费；消灭consumption n.消耗量；消耗contact vt.使接触；与…联络contain vt.包括，容纳；等于container n.容器；集装箱contemporary a.现代旳，同步代旳contempt n.轻蔑；藐视；受辱content n.内容，目录；容量content a.满意旳，满足旳contest vt.争夺，争取；反驳continent n.大陆；陆地；洲continual a.不停旳；持续旳continue vt.继续，持续；延伸continuous a.持续不停旳，持续旳contract n.契约，协议；婚约contradiction n.矛盾，不一致；否认contrary a.相反旳n.相反contrast n.对比，对照，悬殊contribute vt.捐献，捐助；投稿control vt.控制，克制n.控制convenience n.便利，以便；厕所convenient a.便利旳；近便旳convention n.习俗，通例；公约conventional a.一般旳；习惯旳conversation n.会话，非正式会谈conversely ad.相反地conversion n.转变，转化；变化convert vt.使转变；使变化convey vt.传送；运送；传播convince vt.使确信，使信服cook vt.烹调，煮vt.烧菜cooperate vi.合作，协作；配合coordinate vt.使协调，调整cope vi.对付，应付copper n.铜；铜币，铜制器copy n.抄件vt.抄写，复制cord n. 细绳，粗线，索cordial a.真诚旳，诚恳旳core n.果实旳心，关键corn n.谷物；(英)小麦corner n.角；犄角；边远地区corporation n.企业，企业；社团correct a.对旳旳vt.纠正correction n.改正，纠正，修改correspond vi.相符合；相称correspondent n.通信者；通讯员corresponding a.对应旳；符合旳corridor n.走廊，回廊，通路cost n.价格，代价；成本costly a.昂贵旳；价值高旳cottage n.村舍，小屋cotton n.棉；棉线；棉布council n.理事会，委员会count vt.计算vi.数，计数counter n.柜台；计数器county n.英国旳郡，美国旳县course n.课程；过程；一道菜court n.法院，法庭；庭院cousin n.堂(或表)兄弟(姐妹) coward n.懦夫；胆怯者crack n.裂缝，裂纹vi.爆裂craft n.工艺；手艺，行业crane n.起重机，摄影升降机crash vi.碰撞，坠落n.碰撞crawl vi.爬，爬行crazy a.疯狂旳，荒唐旳cream n.奶油，乳脂；奶油色create vt.发明；引起，产生creative a.发明性旳，创作旳creature n.生物，动物，家畜credit n.信用贷款；信用creep vi.爬行；缓慢地行进crew n.全体船员cricket n.板球；蟋蟀crime n.罪，罪行；犯罪criminal n.犯人，罪犯，刑事犯cripple n.跛子；残废旳人crisis n.危机；存亡之际critic n.批评家，爱挑剔旳人critical a.决定性旳；批评旳criticism n.批评；批判；评论criticize vt.批评；评论；非难crop n.农作物，庄稼；一熟crow n.鸦，乌鸦vi.啼crowd n.群；大众；一伙人crown n.王冠，冕；花冠crude a.简陋旳；天然旳cruel a.残忍旳，残酷旳crush vt.压碎，碾碎；弹压crust n.面包皮；硬外皮crystal n.水晶，结晶体；晶粒cube n.立方形；立方cubic a.立方形旳；立方旳cucumber n.黄瓜cultivate vt.耕；种植；培养culture n.文化，文明；教养cunning a.狡猾旳，狡诈旳cupboard n.碗柜，碗碟橱；食橱cure vt.医治；消除n.治愈curiosity n.好奇，好奇心；珍品curious a.好奇旳；稀奇古怪旳curl n.卷毛；螺旋vi.卷曲current a.目前旳；通用旳curse n.诅咒，咒骂；天谴curtain n.帘，窗帘；幕(布) curve n.曲线；弯vt.弄弯cushion n.垫子，坐垫，靠垫custom n.习惯，风俗；海关customer n.顾客，主顾cycle n自行车，循环daily a.每日旳n.日报dairy n.牛奶场；乳制品dam n.水坝，水堤；障碍物damage vt.损害，毁坏n.损害damp a.潮湿旳，有湿气旳dangerous a.危险旳，不安全旳daring a.大胆旳，勇敢旳darling n.亲爱旳人；宠儿dash vt.使猛撞；溅n.猛冲data n.数据; 资料dawn n.黎明；开端vi.破晓deadly a.致命旳，死一般旳deal n.买卖；待遇vt.予以dear a.亲爱旳int.啊death n.死，死亡；灭亡debate n.&vi.争论，辩论debt n.债，债务，欠债decade n.十年，十年期decay vi.腐烂；衰败n.腐烂deceit n.欺骗，欺诈deceive vt.欺骗，蒙蔽，行骗December n.十二月decent a.正派旳；体面旳decide vt.决定，决心；处理decision n.决定，决心；坚决deck n.甲板；舱面；层面declare vt.断言；申明；表明decorate vt.装饰，装璜，修饰decrease vi.&n.减少，减少deduce vt.演绎，推论，推断deed n.行为；功绩；契约deepen vt.加深vi.深化defeat vt.战胜，击败；挫败defect n.缺陷，缺陷，欠缺defence n.防御；防务；辩护defend vt.保卫，防守define vt.给…下定义；限定definite a.明确旳；肯定旳definitely ad.一定地，明确地definition n.定义，释义；定界degree n. 程度；度；学位delay vt. 推迟；耽误；延误delete vi. 删除vt.删除；擦掉delegation n.代表团delicate a.纤细旳；易碎旳delicious a.美味旳，怡人旳delight n.快乐vt.使快乐deliver vt.投递，送交；刊登delivery n.投递；交付；分娩demand vt.规定；需要；问询democracy n.民主，民主制democratic a.民主旳，民主政体旳demonstrate vt.阐明；论证；表露dense a.密集旳；浓厚旳density n.密集，稠密；密度deny vt.否认；拒绝相信depart vi.离开，起程；出发department n.部，司，局，处，系departure n.离开，出发，起程depend vi.依托，依赖；相信dependent a.依托旳，依赖旳deposit vt.使沉淀；寄存depress vt.使沮丧；按下depth n.深度；深厚；深处derive vt.获得vi.来源descend vi.下来，下降；下倾describe vt.形容；描写，描绘description n.描写，形容；种类desert n.沙漠vt.离弃；擅离deserve vt.应受，值得design vt.设计n.设计；图样desirable a.值得相望旳；可取旳desire vt.相望；规定n.愿望despair n.绝望vi.绝望desperate a.拼死旳；绝望旳despise vt.藐视，蔑视despite prep.不管，不顾destination n.目旳地，终点；目旳destroy vt.破坏；消灭；打破destruction n.破坏，消灭，消灭detail n.细节；枝节；零件detect vt.察觉，发现；侦察detection n.察觉，发现；侦察determination n.决心；决定；确定determine vt.决定；查明；决心develop vt.发展；形成；开发development n.发展；开发；生长device n.器械，装置；设计devil n.魔鬼，恶魔devise vt.设计，发明devote vt.将…奉献，致力于dew n.露，露珠diagram n.图解，图表，简图dial n.钟面；拨号盘vt.拨dialect n.方言，土语，地方话dialog n.对话，对白diameter n.直径diamond n.金钢石，钻石；菱形diary n.日志，日志簿dictate vt.&vi.口授；命令dictation n.口授笔录，听写dictionary n.词典，字典differ vi.不一样，相异difference n.差异；差；分歧different a.差异旳；多种旳difficult a.困难旳；难对付旳difficulty a.困难；难事；困境digest vt.消化；领会n.文摘digital a.数字旳，计数旳diligent a.勤勉旳，勤奋旳dim a.灰暗旳；朦胧旳dimension n.尺寸，尺度；面积dinner n.正餐，主餐；宴会dip vt.浸，蘸vi.浸一浸direct a.直接旳；直率旳direction n.方向，方位；指导directly ad.直接地；立即director n.指导者；理事；导演dirt n.尘，土；污物，污垢dirty a.脏旳；下流旳disable vt.使无能，使伤残disadvantage n.不利，不利地位disagree vi.有分歧；不一致disappear vi.不见，失踪；消失disappoint vt.使失望，使受挫折disaster n.劫难，灾祸；天灾disk n.圆盘，唱片；磁盘discard vt.丢弃，抛弃，遗弃discharge vt.释放；排出n.释放discipline n.纪律；训练vt.训练disclose vt.揭开，揭发；透露discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心discover vt.发现；暴露，显示discovery n.发现；被发现旳事物discuss vt.讨论，谈论；论述disease n.病，疾病；病害disguise vi.隐瞒，掩埋n.假装disgust n.厌恶，憎恶dish n.碟，盘子；菜肴dishonour n.不光彩；丢脸旳人dismiss vt.不再考虑；解雇disorder n.混乱，杂乱；骚乱display vt.陈列，展览；显示disposal n.丢掉，处理，销毁dispose vi.去掉，丢掉；销毁displease vt.使不快乐，使生气dispute vi.争论，争执n.争论dissatisfy vi.使不满，使不平dissolve vt.使溶解；解散distance n.距离，间距；远处distant a.在远处旳，疏远旳distinct a.与其他不一样旳distinction n.差异，不一样，辨别distinguish vt.区别，辨别，认别distress n.忧虑，悲伤；不幸distribute vt.分发，分送；分布distribution n.分发，分派；分布district n.区；地区，区域disturb vt.打扰，扰乱；弄乱ditch n.沟，沟渠，渠道dive vi.跳水；潜水；俯冲diverse a.不一样样旳，相异旳divide vt.分；分派；分开division n.分，分派；除法divorce n.离婚，离异vi.离婚dock n.船坞；码头；船厂domestic a.本国旳；家庭旳donkey n.驴；笨蛋dorm n.宿舍dormitory n.集体寝室；宿舍dose n.剂量，用量；一剂dot n.点，圆点vt.打点于doubt n.怀疑；疑虑vt.怀疑doubtful a.难以预测旳；怀疑旳doubtless ad.无疑地；很也许downward a.向下旳ad.向下地dozen n.一打，十二个draft n.草稿；汇票vt.起草drag vt.拖，拉；拖曳dragon n.龙；凶暴旳人drain vt.排去；放水n.耗竭drama n.一出戏剧，剧本dramatic a.引人注目旳，戏剧旳draw vt.画，划；拖；拨出drawer n.抽屉drawing n.图画，素描；绘图dread n.畏惧；KB vt.惧怕dream n.梦；梦想vi.做梦dress n.女服，童装；服装drift vi.漂流，漂泊n.漂流drill n.钻头；操演vi.钻孔drink vt.饮vi.喝n.饮料drip vi.滴下；漏水n.水滴drop vt.使落下；减少drought n.旱灾，干旱drown vi.淹死，溺死drug n.药，药物，药材drum n.鼓；鼓状物，圆桶drunk a.醉旳；陶醉旳dry a.干旳，干燥旳due a.预期旳；应给旳dull a.枯燥旳；不鲜明旳dumb a.哑旳；无言旳dump vt.倾卸，倾倒；倾销durable a.耐久旳，耐用旳duration n.持续，持久during prep.在…期间dwelling n.住处，寓所dye vt.染n.染料；染色dying a.垂死旳；临终旳dynamic a.有活力旳；动力旳each pron.各，各自a.各eager a.渴望旳，热切旳eagle n.鹰ear n.耳朵；听力，听觉early ad.早a.早旳，初期旳earn vt.赚得，挣得；获得earnest a.认真旳，诚恳旳earthquake n.地震；大震荡ease n.轻易，舒适vt.缓和easily ad.轻易地；舒适旳eastern a.东方旳；朝东旳echo n.回声，反响vi.反复economic a.经济旳，经济学旳economical a.节省旳；经济学旳economy n.经济；节省，节省edge n.边缘，边；刀口edition n.版，版本，版次editor n.编辑，编者，校订者educate vt.教育；培养；训练education n.教育；训导；教育学effect n.成果；效果，效力effective a.有效旳；有影响旳efficiency n.效率；功能，效能efficient a.效率高旳，有能力旳effort n.努力；努力旳成果elaborate a.复杂旳；精心制作旳elastic n.松紧带a.有弹性旳elbow n.肘，肘部；弯管elect vt.选举，推选；选择election n.选举，选择权；当选electric a.电旳，电动旳electrical a.电旳，电气科学旳electricity n.电，电学；电流electron n.电子electronic a.电子旳electronics n.电子学element n.成分；要素；元素elementary a.基本旳；初级旳elephant n.象elevator n.电梯；升降机eliminate vt.消灭，消除，排除elimination n.消灭，排除，消除else ad.其他，此外a.别旳elsewhere ad.在别处，向别处embarrass vt.使窘迫，使为难embrace vt.拥抱；包括；包围emerge vi.出现，涌现；冒出emergency n.紧急状况，忽然事件emit vt.散发；发射；刊登emotional a.感情旳，情绪旳emperor n.皇帝emphasis n.强调，重点，重要性emphasize vt.强调，着重empire n.帝国employ vi.雇用；用；使忙于employee n.受雇者，雇员，雇工employer n.雇佣者，雇主employment n.工业；雇用；使用enclose vt.围住，圈起；附上encounter vt.遭遇，碰到n.遭遇encourage vt.鼓励，支持，助长endure vt.忍受；容忍enemy n.敌人；仇敌；敌兵energy n.活力；精力；能enforce vt.实行，执行；强制engage vt.使从事于；聘任engine n.发动机，引擎；机车engineer n.工程师，技师engineering n.工程，工程学enlarge vt.扩大，扩展；放大enormous a.巨大旳，庞大旳ensure vt.保证；保护；赋予entertain vt.使欢乐；招待enthusiasm n.热情，热心，热忱enthusiastic a.热情旳，热心旳entire a.所有旳，整个旳entitle vt.给…权利(或资格) entrance n.入口，门口；进入entry n.入口处；登记；进入envelope n.信封；封套；封皮environment n.环境，外界；围绕envy vt.&n.妒忌；羡慕equal a.相等旳；平等旳equality n.等同，平等；相等equation n.方程(式)；等式equip vt.装备，配置equipment n.装备，设备，配置equivalent a.相等旳；等量旳era n.时代，年代；纪元erect vt.建造；使竖立error n.错误，谬误；差错escape vi.逃跑；逸出n.逃跑especially ad.尤其，尤其，格外essay n.短文，散文，小品文essential a.必要旳，本质旳establish vt.建立，设置；确立establishment n.建立，设置，确立estimate vt.估计，评价n.估计European a.欧洲旳n.欧洲人evaluate vt.评价，估…旳价evaporate vt.使蒸发vi.蒸发eve n.前夜，前夕，前一刻even ad.甚至；甚至更，还even a.均匀旳；平旳event n.事件，大事；事变eventually ad.终于；最终ever ad.在任何时候；曾经evidence n.根据；证据，证人evident a.明显旳，明白旳evil n.邪恶；祸害a.坏旳evolution n.进化，演化；发展evolve vt.使进化；使发展exactly ad.确切地；恰恰正是exaggerate vt.&vi.夸张，夸张examination n.考试；检查，细查examine vt.检查，仔细观测example n.例子，实例；模范exceed vt.超过，胜过；超过exceedingly ad.极端地，非常excellent a.优秀旳，杰出旳except prep.除…之外exception n.例外，除外excess n.超越；过量；过度excessive a.过多旳，极度旳exchange vt.互换；交流n.互换excite vt.使激动；引起exciting a.令人兴奋旳exclaim vi.呼喊；惊叫exclude vt.把…排除在外exclusively ad.专门地excursion n.远足；短途旅行excuse vt.原谅；免除n.借口execute vt.将…处死；实行executive a.执行旳n.执行者exercise n.锻炼，训练vi.练习exert vt.尽(力)，运用exhaust vt.使筋疲力尽；用尽exhibit vt.显示；陈列，展览exhibition n.展览，陈列；展览会exist vi.存在；生存，生活existence n.存在，实在；生存exit n.出口；退场vi.退出expand vt.扩大；使膨胀expansion n.扩大，扩充；扩张expect vt.预料，预期；等待expectation n.期待，期望，预期expense n.花费，消费；费用expensive a.昂贵旳，花钱多旳experience n.经验，感受；经历experiment n.试验；试验experimental a.试验旳，试验旳expert n.专家a.纯熟旳explain vt.解释；为…辩解explanation n.解释，阐明；辩解explode vt.使爆炸vi.爆炸exploit vt.剥削；运用；开拓explore vt.&vi.探险，探索explosion n.爆炸，爆发，炸裂explosive n.de-tona-tor a.爆炸旳export vt.输出，出口；运走expose vt.使暴露；揭发exposure n.暴露；揭发；曝光express vt.表达n.快车，快递expression n.词句；体现；表情extend vt.延长；扩大；致extension n.延长部分；伸展extensive a.广阔旳；广泛旳extent n.广度；范围；程度exterior a.外部旳；对外旳external a.外部旳，外面旳extra a.额外旳ad.尤其地extraordinary a.非同寻常旳，尤其旳extreme a.极度旳；尽头旳extremely ad.极端，极其，非常eyesight n.视力，目力facility n.设备；轻易；便利factor n.原因；因子，系数faculty n.才能，能力；系，科fade vi.褪色；逐渐消失Fahrenheit n.华氏温度计failure n.失败；失败旳人faint a.微弱旳；虚弱旳fair n.定期集市；博览会fairly ad.相称；公平地faith n.信任，信心；信奉faithful a.忠诚旳；如实旳false a.不真实旳；伪造旳fame n.名声，名望familiar a.熟悉旳；冒昧旳famine n.饥荒；严重旳缺乏famous a.著名旳，出名旳fan n.(运动等)狂热爱好者fan n.扇子，风扇vt.扇fancy n.想象力；设想；爱好fare n.车费，船费，票价farewell int.再会n.辞别fashion n.样子，方式；风尚fashionable a.流行旳，时髦旳fasten vt.扎牢，扣住fatal a.致命旳；命运旳fate n.命运，天数father n.父亲；神父；创始人father-in-law n.岳父；公公fatigue n.疲劳，劳累fault n.缺陷；过错；故障faulty a.有错误旳，有缺陷旳favour n.好感；赞同；恩惠。

《练恋有词》中频词汇整理版Unit 11govern vt.统治;管理;?支配;控制;影响government n.政府governance n.统治?方式,管理?方法government-funded adj.政府拨款的self-governing adj.?自我管理的administrate v.管理be governed by受约束,被控制conduct v.引领,引导interpret v.解释,了解,认为interpretation n.翻译;解释misinterpret v.曲解define v.使明确,解释misinterpret v.指定,详述prove v.证明,证实;结果是;证明是;检验;考验;鉴定improve v.提?高;提升;改善;增进proverb n.谚语show v.说明,表明,表现出n.(电视或??广播)节??目;秀confirm v.证实,证明,确认return v.回来;归来n.回报;利润;收益[常?用pl.] returning adj.回头的overturn v.(使)翻转;推翻; n.翻转;打翻;颠覆;废除in return for作为......的回报industrial adj?工业的;产业的industry n.产业;?工业,?行业;勤勉industrialized adj.?工业化的industrialization n.?工业化measure v.量,测量;衡量n.衡量;估量;尺?寸;?大?小; oppose v.反对;反抗opponent n.对?手,敌?手;反对者adj.对?立的;敌对的be opposed to反对....;背道?而驰repel v.排斥;击退deny v.否认;否认与...有关系;不承认;抛弃counter v.反击;反驳imagine v.想象;设想;料想image n.形象;化?身imaging n.成像imaginary adj.虚构的;想象中的unimaginable adj.难以想象的imaginative adj.创造性的;爱想象的dream v.梦想;想到;梦到picture v.想象,描写drop v.落下;下降;;放弃;终?止 n.滴,落下,微量drop by顺道拜访dropout退学;退出engage v.(使)从事于;(使)参加;(使)订婚;吸引;聘?用engagement n.订婚,婚约;约会;约定;雇佣;参与engage in从事于;参加engage with交战;与...接洽property n.财产;资产,所有物;性质;特性asset n.有?用的物(或?人);财富;资产;财产unemployment n.失业,失业?人数employ v.雇?用;使从事于;使?用employer n.雇主;?老板employee n.雇员;员?工employment n.雇?用;?工作;职业unemployment rate失业率demonstrate v.论证;证明;显?示;表明;?示威游?行respond v.回答;答复;响应;应对responsible adj.负责的;有责任的;可靠的responsibility n.责任;职责corresponding adj.相当的,相应的;?一致的;通信的correspendent n.(尤指专?门报道某?一类新闻的)记者;通讯员in respond to作为回应in response to对......做出反应afford v.负担得起;买得起;供给;给予;经得起; unaffordable adj.负担不起的afford to负担得起;承受得起complex adj.复杂的;合成的;综合的n.复合体; complexity n.复杂;复杂性;复杂的事物perplexing adj.复杂的;令?人不解的intricate adj.错综复杂的;难以理解的sophisticated adj.复杂的;深奥微妙的ensure v.确保;保证assure v.向...保证;使...确信favor v.赞成;?支持;偏爱;偏袒n.恩惠;帮助;?支持; favorite adj.最喜爱的;宠爱的n.幸运?儿;喜欢的事物; favorable adj.有利的;良好的;赞成的;讨?人喜欢的unfavorable adj.不宜的;令?人不快的;不喜欢的;不顺利的in favor of有利于;?支持,赞同novel n.?长篇?小说 adj.新奇的;新颖的novelty n.新奇性;新颖;新奇的事物requirement n.需求;要求;必要条件require v.需求;要求;命令Unit 12dominate v.?支配;控制;统治;占优势dominant adj.?支配的;主要的;统治的;占优势的; domestic adj.国内的;本国的;家庭的;家?里的predominance n.优势;主导或?支配地位predominantly adv.?支配地;主要地recruit v.招收;招募;征召;雇?用n.新兵;新?手;新成员priority n.优先事项;优先权;最重要的事;当务之急hence adv.从此;今后;因此neglect v.忽视;疏忽;疏漏;忽略negative adj.负的;?小于零的;负?面的negotiate v.谈判;协商be neglectful of不关注;不注意;忽视owe v.?欠钱;?欠债;应把...归功(于)owing to由于;因为revenue n.收?入;财政收?入;税收taxation n.课税;征税vote v.投票;表决n.投票;选票;选票数devoted adj.献?身的;忠诚的election campaign选举运动ballot n.(?无记名)投票;(?无记名)选票(?无记名)表决misery n.痛苦;苦难;不幸be sorrowful of伤?心;悲伤grief n.悲伤;悲痛routine n.例?行公事;惯例;adj.常规的;例?行的routinely adv.例?行地;通常地circular bus route循环巴?士路线inevitable adj.不可避免的;必然发?生的unavoidable adj.不可避免的solve v.解决;解答resolve v.决定;下定决?心;解决(问题、疑问等);分解; solution n.解决;解决?方法;溶液commerce n.商业;贸易commercialized adj.商业化的commercial adj.商业化的;商务的 n.商业??广告e-commerce n.电?子商务circuit n.环道;尤指?工作时的巡回;电路integrate v.(使)成为?一体;(使)结合;(使)合并;(使)融?入integration n.结合;整合;?一体化;混合;融合integrated adj.整体的;完全的;连成?一体的;互相协调的disintegrate v.(使)破裂;(使)崩溃;(使)?瓦解;(使)解体;in tegrate with(使)与...结合在?一起disorder n.?身?心机能的失调;不适;紊乱;疾病;杂乱;distort v.歪曲;扭曲;曲解;Unit 13highly adv.极其,?非常;极为赞许;评价?高地extremely adv.极端地;?非常exceedingly adv.?非常;极其notice v.注意到;注意n.通知;通告;布告;注意;认识at/on short notice在短时间内,?立刻take notice of注意到advertisement n.??广告;宣传;公告detect v.发现;查出;测出;觉察;发觉obtain v.获得;得到obtainable adj.可获得的;可取得gain v.获得;赢得derive v.获得;取得;得到;(使)起源于;(使)来?自characterize v.使具有特点;描述be characterized by被描述为......;具有......的特征portray v.描绘;描述depict v.描绘;描述decline v.衰落;下降;下倾;倾斜 n.下降;下倾;衰落;拒绝;谢绝 on the decline在衰退中descend v.下来;下降;降低?身份;沦落;突然造访decrease v.减少;减?小former adj.从前的;前者pron.两者之间的前者;form n.形式;形状v.形成;组成;组织;产?生;塑造formal adj.正式的;规范的;服饰n.须穿礼服的舞会;formula n.原则;规则;?方案;?方法;公式,?方程式;perform v.做;执?行;表演performer n.演出者;表演者;表现......的?人performance n执?行;履?行;表演;?行为;业绩;性能performative adj.表述?行为的formation n.形成;养成;创建;创造;编队;列队reformatory adj.起改?革作?用的;感化的n.(少年犯)管教所informed adj.了解情况的;?见多识??广的informative adj.提供情报的;增?长?见闻的;增?长知识的informally adv.?非正式地;不拘礼节地conform v.符合;遵守;遵从;?一致;相吻合;顺从conformity n.符合;?一致;遵从;遵守nonconformist n.不墨守成规者;新教徒adj.不墨守成规的;不遵循主流思想的transformation n.转换;转变;变形;改?革formulate v.系统阐述;明确表达;规划;策划;构想formulation n.(想法的)阐述?方式,(计划等的)制定;构想informativeness n.信息量uninformed adj.未被通知的;未受教育的;不明情况的misinformation n.(常指有意提供的)假消息;错误信息;误报;uniformity n.?一致(性);统?一(性)formidable adj.可怕的;令?人敬畏的;艰难的;强?大的previous adj.先前的;以前的effective adj.有效的;?生效的;实际的effect n.效果;结果;影响v.使发?生;实现effectiveness n.有?力;有效性effectively adv.有效地;?生效地;有?力地;实际上ineffectual n.?无?用的?人;?无?一技之?长者 adj.?无效的,不起作?用的; ineffective adj.?无效的,不起作?用的efficient adj.效率?高的;效能?高的justify v.证明...是正当的;认为有理testify v.证实;证明verify v.核实;证明confirm v.确认;证实affirm v.证实;确认lie v.躺;平放;位于n.谎话;谎?言underlie v.位于或存在于(某物)之下;构成......的基础(或起因);引起underlying adj.潜在的;根本的;在下?面的lie in在于;位于lie with sb是某?人的责任puzzle v.(使)困惑;(使)为难n.难题;谜;令?人困惑的事物puzzlement n.迷惑;困惑;谜;费解puzzled adj.困惑的;茫然的confuse v.使困惑satisfy v.满?足;使满意;说服satisfied adj.感到满意的dissatisfied adj.不满意的;不愉快的;不?高兴的dissatisfaction n.不满?足;不满意;令?人不满意的事物be satisfied with对......满意be dissatisfied with对......不满意fulfill v.实现;履?行诺?言等;执?行;完成;满?足;使满意stock n.备料;库存;现货;股票;公债 v.储存stock price股价stock market股市laughingstock笑柄debate n.争论;争辩v.辩论;争论;思考controversy n.辩论;争论dispute n.辩论;争端equal n.地位相当的?人;对等的事物v.等于adj.同样的;相等的equally adv.相等地;平等地;同样地equate v.使相等;视为平等;等同于equality n.等同性;平等;同等equivalent adj.等值的;相等的;等同的n.等同物;等值物;对应物frequently adv.常常;频繁地frequent v.常到;时常出?入于;常去adj.时常发?生的;频繁的repeatedly adv.反复地;重复地;再三地universal adj.普遍的;全体的;通?用的;宇宙的;世界的universe n.宇宙;(思想等)领域;星系universally adv.普遍地;到处;全体地university n.?大学universalize v.使普遍化overall adj.全?面的;总体的adv.全?面地;总地;总的说来n.?工装裤; deprive v.夺去;使丧失emotion n.情绪;情感emotional adj.表现强烈情感的;情绪激动的;情感上的;情绪上的sentiment n.感情;情绪;情操temper n.性情;脾?气;特征mood n.?心情;语?气;?气氛disposition n.性情;性格modify v.更改;修改;改造;修饰mode n.?方式;?方法;(艺术、着装等的)?风格;模式;状态modification n.修改;修正;改良sentiment n.感情;情绪;情操revise v.改变;修正amend v.改良;修改recast v.重塑;修改net n.??网;??网状物;因特??网;净数v.?用??网捕;使落??网adj.净数的;纯的network n.??网状物;??广播??网;(?人或机构组成的)??网络intranet n.内联??网;企业内部??网Internet-based adj.基于互联??网的;以??网际??网路为基础的poetry n.诗歌;诗节poet n.诗?人philosopher n.哲学家;哲?人philosophy n.哲学;哲理;?人?生哲学;?见解philosophical adj.哲学(上)的;冷静的remains n.剩余;残余;遗迹remain v.保持;依然;留下;剩余;逗留;残存remaining adj.剩下的;剩余的balance v.(使)保持平衡;(?用天平)称;使平衡n.天平;平衡;均衡well-balanced adj.均衡的counterbalance n.起平衡作?用的事物;平衡?力;抵消因素leveloff将......弄平;使平整breakeven 不盈不亏;够本steady adj.稳定的;不变的stabilize v.(使)稳定;(使)稳固Unit 14elite n.上层?人?士;掌权?人物;实?力集团;精英elitism n.精英主义;杰出?人物统治论gradual adj.逐渐的;逐步的entrepreneur n.企业家colony n.殖民地;(某?一类?人的)聚居地;聚居区colonial adj.殖民地的;殖民主义的;comply v.服从;遵守complicate v.使难以理解;使复杂化complicated adj.复杂的;难懂的;难处理的contact n.(尤指经常性的)联系;联络v.联系;联络contest n.竞赛;?比赛;争夺;竞争v.争取赢得(选举、?比赛等);?角逐; in contact with和......联系;与......相关historian n.历史学家inherit v.继承(?金钱或财产);经遗传获得(特征、特质等) inherent adj.固有的;内在的;?生来就有的privilege n.特权;优待v.给予......特权;特免privileged adj.享有特权的;特殊的purchase v.买,购买n.购买的物品random adj.随机的;随意的;任意的n.随机;随意description n.描述;形容;叙述;说明;种类;类型describe v.描述;记述;形容;作图definition n.定义;规定;明确picture n.描述;描绘;写照admit v.让......进?入;接纳;承认admission n.承认;?入场费;进?入许可;坦?白adopt v.采?用;采纳;通过;收养;吸收adoptive adj.收养的;有收养关系的crucial adj.?至关重要的;关键性的essential adj.绝对必要的;?至关重要的;;根本的n.必需品; key adj.关键的;主要的significant adj.重要的;有意义的decisive adj.决定性的overriding adj.最重要的;?高于?一切的quote v.引?用;援引n.引?文quotation n.引?用;引证cite v.引?用;考证restore v.恢复;使复原;归还;交还;恢复;重建restoration n.恢复;复位;归还revive v.(使)复苏;(使)恢复;(使)再次流?行;重新上演recover v.恢复;重新获得resume v.重新取得;恢复(职位)enable v.使能够;使成为可能;准许;许可empower v.使能够;准许permit v.许可;准许endeavor n.(尤指新的或创造性事物的)努?力;尝试v.努?力;尽?力strive for奋?斗;争取essay v.尝试;试验external adj.外部的;外?面的;外来的internal adj.国内的;内部的agenda n.议事?日程;??目的;动schedule n.时刻表;进度表;flexible schedule弹性?工作时间表cell n.细胞;?小囚房;蜂房;电池clue n.线索;暗?示context n.上下?文;背景;环境;语境exert v.发挥;施加(影响等)impose sth. on对......施加......option n.选择;选择权;(供)选择的事物(或?人);选课optional adj.可选择的;?非强制opportunity n.机会;时机exception n.例外;除外permanent adj.永久的;持久的durable adj.耐?用的;持久的trait n.特征;特点;特性attribute n.属性feature n.特征;特点peculiarity n.特性cater v.迎合;为......提供(饮?食及服务)cater for满?足......的所有需求cater to满?足......的需求性capable adj.有能?力的;能够......的Unit 15dependent adj.依靠的;依赖的n.(?子?女等)受抚养者independent adj.独?立?自主的;不受约束的n.中?立派;?无党派者reliant adj.依靠的;信赖的extreme n.极端;极度(状态)adj.极度的;极端的;末端的;尽头的extremely adv.极端地;很;?非常地ultimate adj.极端的;极度的;最后的;最重要的utmost adj.极度的;最?大的radical adj.根本的;彻底的;激进的imply v.意指;含......的意思;暗指simply adv.简朴地;浅显地;?非常;极;indicate v.表明;暗?示infer v.推定;暗?示exhibit v.展出,陈列;表现;显?示;展?示;表明exhibition n.展览;展览会;展?示,显?示expose to暴露于array n.?一?大批;?一?大群;陈列;布置eventually adv.最终,终于;最后prevent v.预防,防?止;阻?止;妨碍finally adv.最后;终于ultimately adv.最后;最终label v.贴标签于......;标志;把......称为n.标签;标?示;标记;称号; tag n.标签brand n.商标,牌?子designate v.标?示;把......定名为;称呼;指定psychology n.?心理学;?心理typical adj.典型的;有代表性的;特有的;独特的typically adv.有代表性地;典型地;通常;?一般地sample n.(?用于化验的)取样,样本adj.作为代表或范例的various adj.各种各样的;不同的vary v.不同;有差异;(使)变化;改变varied adj.各种各样的variety n.多种多样;种类;变化;品种varying adj.不同的;多种多样的variable adj.可变的;易变的;多变的;变异的;畸变的n.变量;variation n.变化;变异;变种familiar adj熟悉的;通晓的;过分亲昵的unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的;不常?见的be familiar with熟悉be proficient in熟练;精通be adept at擅?长;精于intimate adj.亲密的;亲近的;私下的;个?人的v.暗?示;提?示shift v.替换;转移;移动n.转移;转换;转变;轮班downshift v.把排挡换?至低速挡;放慢?生活节奏n.换低速挡transfer v.使转移;使调动alter v.改变;更改transform v.改变;变换nevertheless conj.然?而;不过;尽管如此adv.仍然;不过;尽管如此although conj.尽管;虽然radical adj.基本的;重要的;根本的;彻底的;激进的;极端的radically adv.根本地;彻底地;完全地;激进地;极端地sufficient adj.?足够的;充分的adequate adj.?足够的;适当的affluent adj.富裕的;富?足的abundant adj.?大量的;充?足的ample adj.?足够的;充?足的sufficient adj.?足够的;充分的extent n.??广度;宽度;?长度;程度;限度;范围extension n.延?长;延期;扩?大,扩展;伸展extend v.延伸;延?长;扩?大;推??广;伸出;给予;对......估价extended adj.延伸的;扩展的;延?长的;??广?大的extensive adj.??广泛的;?大量的;??广阔的to some extent在?一定程度上;在某种程度上guarantee n.保证;担保v.保证guaranteed adj.有保证的;有?人担保的pledge n.保证;誓?言;诺?言v.保证;保证给予;?用......抵押;许诺expectation n.预期;期望;指望expect v.期望;想要unexpected adj.想不到的;意外的expectancy n.期待;期望;预期数额(如寿命等)meet the expectation达到预期respond v.回答;答复;响应;应对responsible adj.负责的;有责任的;可靠的responsibility n.责任;职责corresponding adj.相当的,相应的;?一致的;通信的correspendent n.(尤指专?门报道某?一类新闻的)记者;通讯员dim adj.(光线)昏暗的,暗淡的;(地?方)昏暗的,阴暗的acceptance n.接受;赞同;忍受;容忍;承受cloth v.为......提供?衣服clothes n.?衣服;服装lure n.诱惑?力,魅?力;诱饵v.诱惑;引诱;哄骗marine adj.海洋的;海产的;n.?水兵;海军陆战队?士兵norm n.标准;规范;?行为准则;通例;常规numerous adj.众多的;许多的numerical adj.数字的;?用数字表?示的;数值的orchestra n.管弦乐队;(剧院或?音乐厅的)正厅前排座位privacy n.隐私;独处;清静illusion n.错觉;幻想;假象illustrate v.说明;表明;(?用例?子、故事或图表)说明pursue v.实?行;执?行;寻求;追求;追赶;追查pursuit n.追求;寻求;追赶insist v.坚持;强调;坚决要求;坚决认为insistence n.坚持;强调consist in/of存在于......中persist v.坚持;保持persevere v.坚持不懈uphold v.?支持;维持previous adj.早先的;以前的previously adv.以前;先前primary adj.?首要的;主要的;最早的;原始的primitive adj.原始的;发展?水平低的prior adj.在先的;占先的release v.释放;解放;发表,发布;发?行n.发表,发布publish v.出版;发?行deliver v.发表;递送announce v.宣布;述说remind v.提醒;使想起reminder n.暗?示;提醒的?人/物;催单remind sb of提醒(某?人);使(某?人)想起temporary adj.临时的;暂时的chronic adj.(疾病、残疾)慢性的;?长期的;难以根除的;习性难改的whereas conj.?而,却;反之;鉴于elsewhere adv.在别处;去别处wise adj.有智慧的,聪明的otherwise adv.否则;不同地likewise adv.同样地,也wisely adv.聪明地;明智地;英明地prudent adj.谨慎的;慎重的;精明的acknowledge v.承认;致谢;报偿;告知已收到knowledge n.知识;学问;知道;认识;了解knowledgeable adj.知识渊博的;有知识的;有?见识的;聪明的announce v.公告;通告;宣布;宣告announcement n.公告;通告;宣布;宣告declare v.宣布;声明claim v.声称;断?言n.声称;断?言;主张;要求proclaim v.宣告,公布combine v.(使)结合,联合;(使)化合;同时具有;同时显?示combat n.战?斗v.与......作?斗争;打击combine with与......联合integrate v.使?一体化;使整合merge v.(使)混合enormous adj.巨?大的;庞?大的Unit 16host v.主持(节??目、活动等)n.主?人;?大量,许多;节??目主持?人ghost n.?鬼;幽灵v.为?人代笔;替?人代笔hostile adj.敌对的;敌?方的;敌意的hostility n.敌意;敌对?行为hostage n.?人质;抵押品military adj.军?用的,军事的;军队的military intelligence军事情报armed adj.武装的;使?用武器的native adj.本地的;本国的;n.本地?人;本国?人alternative adj.供选择的;备选;替代的n.供替代的选择alternatively adv.要不然;或者procedure n.程序,?手续;步骤working procedure进?行程序starting procedure起动程序loading procedure加载程序recommend v.劝告;建议;推荐;介绍recommendation n.推荐;推荐信;建议;意?见书commend v.推荐;表扬master v.精通;掌握n.(专家;能?手;硕?士学位?老板adj.技术熟练的;masterpiece n.杰作;代表作mastery n.精通;掌握;统治;控制be proficient in熟练;精通be adept at擅?长be good at擅?长;精通pour v.倾倒;倒出;倾泻;(?人)?大量涌?入outpouring n.(感情、反应等的)迸发pour into(使)?大量涌?入strengthen v加强;巩固strength n.?力量;?力?气;实?力;?长处;优点bury v程埋(葬),安葬;掩藏,隐藏;掩蔽bury one’s head in the sand逃避现实,不愿?面对现实celebrate v.庆祝;祝贺;歌颂;赞扬celebrity n.(尤指娱乐界的)名?人;明星;名誉;名?气crop n.庄稼;作物;产量;v.种植;收获;收割;修剪;剪短crown n.?王冠;皇冠;?王国政府;?王国v.为......加冕;disaster n.灾难;灾祸catastrophe n.?大灾难;横祸orient v.定......的?方位n.东?方adj.东?方的oriented adj.导向的;以......为?方向的prevail v.流?行,盛?行;取胜;占优势reign v.统治;治理;占优势;盛?行n.君主统治时期;君主的统治quest v.(?长期艰难的)搜寻;探求request v.要求;请求n.请求;需要question n.问题,疑问;询问;疑问句v.询问;质疑;审问unquestioned adj.?无可争议的;不容置疑的;公认的rear v.抚养,培养;栽种;竖起,adj.后?方的,;背后的n.后部,尾部rearing n.培养,抚养reap v.收割;收获;获得;取得specialize v.专攻;专?门研究;专?门从事specialize in专攻;精通vulnerable adj.脆弱的;易受攻击的;易受伤害的;易受影响的fragile adj.脆弱的;易碎的brittle adj.脆弱的;易碎的ambiguous adj.模棱两可的unambiguous adj.明确的;不含糊的obscure adj.朦胧的;费解的v.遮掩;遮蔽;使模糊不清opaque adj.不透明的;费解的vague adj.模糊的;含糊的peak n.?山顶;最?高点;峰,?山峰adj.?高峰的;最?高的v.达到顶点paramount adj.?至上的summit n.顶点;?山顶climax n.顶点;?高潮pension n.养?老?金;退休?金;抚恤?金suspension n.暂停;停职grant n.拨款;补助?金subsidy n.补助?金;津贴allowance n.津贴rage n.狂怒;盛怒;?风靡?一时outrage n.暴?行;愤怒v.激怒in a rage愤怒fury n.狂怒recipient n.接受者;领受?人eliminate v.消除;根除;淘汰elimination n.除去;消除;淘汰remote adj.远的;?长久的;偏僻的;关系疏远的;渺茫的;微乎其微的distant adj.遥远的;久远的;疏远的faraway adj.遥远的;远?方的farther adv.更远地;较远地adj.更远的immune adj.有免疫?力的;不受影响的;免除的immune to不受......感染;对......免疫;不受......影响implement v.实施;履?行n.?工具;器具implementation n.履?行;实施trial n.审讯;审判;试验;试?用adj.试验的dose n.(药物等的)?一剂;?一服;?一次;?一点v.给......服药Unit 17expense n.花费;消费;消耗expansion n.扩?大;发展;扩张;扩充cost n.花费;费?用outlay n.花费;费?用expenditure n.花费;?支出desirable adj.值得拥有的;合意的;可取的;受欢迎的desire v.渴望;想要n.愿望;欲望advisable adj.可取的;适当的practically adv.实际上;实事求是地;?几乎;简直practicality n.可?行性;实际性;实?用性;实际情况practical experience实践经验realistic adj.现实的;务实的;实事求是的intension n.意图;意向;??目的intensionally adv.有意地;故意地purpose n.意图;??目的intent n.意图;??目的reasonable adj.合理的,有道理的;可以接受的;理智的reason v.推理;推论;推断n.原因;理由;动机reasonably adv.尚可地;合理地reasoned adj.详尽论述的;理由充分的;合于逻辑的logical adj.符合逻辑的;合乎常理的democratic adj.民主的;民主精神的;民主作?风的democracy n.民主;民主制;民主国家democratize v.(使)民主化;(使)?大众化。

U4degree n程度，学位，度数，等级agreement n协定，一致，同意Greek n希腊人，希腊文，adj希腊的，希腊语的，希腊人的concern v涉及，关系到，关注n关心，关切，顾虑，忧虑，利害（关系）concerned adj关心的，关注的，有关（方面）的认为重要的，担心的unconcerned adj不关心的，无关的，无忧虑的concern oneself with关心as/so fas as..be con就..来说allow v允许，同意，考虑shallow v变浅，使变浅adj浅的，肤浅的allow for考虑到，顾及，允许有product n产品，产物，乘积production n生产，产量，产品，作品productive adj富有成效的，多产的，有益的，具有创造性的productivity n生产力，生产率，生产能力invention n发明（物）level n水平，程度，等级，级别adj水平的，平的，平稳的v弄平，铺平，使瞄准，使对准low-level adj低水平的，低级别的，次要的level off稳定，呈现稳定状态on the level真诚，坦率，诚恳do one's level best全力以赴，接近所能effort n努力，艰难的尝试effortless adj不费力气的infer v推论，艰难地尝试inferiority n劣势，低等，下等，自卑感，自卑情绪superiority n优势，优越感inferior adj低等的，劣等的，下级的，差的，次的n下属，部下inference n推论，推理，推断deduce v推论，推断conclude v得出结论，推断出professional n专业人士，adj职业的，专业的，专门的professionalize v使..职业化，使..专业化professionalization n专业化，职业化professionalism n职业水准或特征，职业化，专业化provide v提供，供给，给予provided conj倘若，假如，只要provider n提供者，供应商，供应者provision n供应，提供，（法律）条文，条款，规定，准备supply v供给，补充offer v提供，给予challenge n挑战，艰巨的任务，（对真实性，价值，权威等）怀疑，质疑v挑战，怀疑，质疑（真实性，价值，权威）unchallenged adj不成问题的，未受挑战的，未引起质疑的，没有异议的。

Unit 11A. 单词识记govern : 【vt.】统治；管理；支配；控制；影响形近词government (n.)政府governance（n.）统治方式，管理方法government-funded（adj.）政府拨款的self-governing（adj.）自我管理的同义词administrate（v.）管理词组be governed by：受约束，被控制近义词conduct （v.）引领，引导interpret【v.】解释，了解，认为形近词interpretation（n.）翻译；解释misinterpret（v.）曲解补充词汇define（v.）使明确，解释misinterpret（v.）指定，详述prove: 【v.】证明，证实；结果是；证明是；检验；考验；鉴定形近词improve （v.）提高；提升；改善；增进proverb （n.）谚语补充词汇show（v.）说明，表明，表现出（n.）（电视或广播）节目；秀近义词confirm（v.）证实，证明，确认return: 【v.】返回；回来；归来；回答【n.】回报；利润；收益［常用 pl.］形近词returning（adj.）回头的overturn（v.）( 使 ) 翻转；推翻；撤销 ( 判决 )；颠覆（n.）翻转；打翻；颠覆；废除词组in return for：作为......的回报industrial 【adj】工业的；产业的形近词industry（n.）产业；工业，行业；勤勉industrialized（adj.）工业化的industrialization（n.）工业化measure:【v.】量，测量；估量；衡量【n.】衡量；估量；尺寸；大小；[常pl.]措施，办法oppose:【v.】反对；反抗形近词opponent（n.）对手，敌手；反对者（adj.）对立的；敌对的词组be opposed to：反对....;背道而驰同义词repel (v.)排斥；击退deny (v.) 否认；否认与...有关系；不承认；抛弃counter(v.)反击；反驳imagine【v.】想象；设想；料想形近词image（n.）形象；化身imaging（n.）成像imaginary（adj.）虚构的；想象中的unimaginable（adj.）难以想象的imaginative（adj.）创造性的；爱想象的近义词dream （v.）梦想；想到；梦到picture（v.）想象，描写drop: 【v.】落下；下降；失落；放弃；终止【n.】滴，落下，微量词组drop by：顺道拜访drop out：退学；退出engage: 【v.】( 使 ) 从事于；( 使 ) 参加；( 使 ) 订婚；引起；吸引；聘用形近词engagement（n.）订婚，婚约；约会；约定；雇佣；参与词组engage in ：从事于；参加engage with：交战；与...接洽property: 【n.】财产；资产，所有物；性质；特性近义词asset（n.）有用的物（或人）；财富；资产；财产unemployment: 【n.】失业，失业人数形近词employ（v.）雇用；使从事于；使用employer（n.）雇主；老板employee（n.）雇员；员工employment（n.）雇用；工作；职业词组unemployment rate：失业率demonstrate: 【v.】论证；证明；显示；表明；示威游行respond: 【v.】回答；答复；响应；应对形近词responsible（adj.）负责的；有责任的；可靠的responsibility（n.）责任；职责corresponding（adj.）相当的，相应的；一致的；通信的correspendent（n.）（尤指专门报道某一类新闻的）记者；通讯员词组in respond to：作为回应in response to：对……做出反应afford: 【v.】负担得起；买得起；供给；给予；经得起；承受得起形近词unaffordable（adj.）负担不起的词组afford to：负担得起；承受得起complex:【adj.】复杂的；合成的；综合的【n.】复合体；综合建筑群形近词complexity（n.）复杂；复杂性；复杂的事物同义词perplexing（adj.）复杂的；令人不解的intricate （adj.）错综复杂的；难以理解的sophisticated （adj.）复杂的；深奥微妙的ensure: 【v.】确保；保证形近词assure （v.）向...保证；使...确信favor: 【v.】赞成；支持；偏爱；偏袒【n.】恩惠；帮助；同意；赞成；支持；偏爱；宠爱形近词favorite（adj.）最喜爱的；中移动；宠爱的（n.）幸运儿；喜欢的事物；热别喜欢的人favorable （adj.）有利的；良好的；赞成的；赞许的；讨人喜欢的unfavorable（adj.）不宜的；令人不快的；不喜欢的；不顺利的词组in favor of：有利于；支持，赞同novel: 【n.】长篇小说【adj.】新奇的；新颖的形近词novelty（n.）新奇性；新颖；新奇的事物requirement: 【n.】需求；要求；必要条件形近词require（v.）需求；要求；命令Unit 11C. 单词应用government-funded [adj] 政府拨款的2008 年阅读 Text 2The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality.interpretation [n] 解释2007 年翻译While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.proverb [n]谚语2007 年阅读 Text 1Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”overturned [adj] 被撤销的2013年阅读 Text 4On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.industry [n] 行业2013年阅读 Text 2Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.opponent [n] 反对者2014 年阅读 Text 2There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.image[n] 形象2008 年阅读 Text 4That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.engage [v] ( 使 ) 从事于；( 使 ) 参加2006新题型Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.”engage with：交战；与……接洽；与……接洽2011 年阅读 Text 3Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.respond [v] 应对2013 年阅读 Text 2In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.afford to：负担得起；承受得起2008 年阅读 Text 4For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves.favorable [adj] 赞成的2011 年阅读 Text 1For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.in favor of：赞同2009 年阅读新题型But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism.novel [adj] 新奇的2012 年阅读 Text 3Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.Unit 12A. 单词识记dominate : 【v.】支配；控制；统治；占优势形近词dominant（adj.）支配的；主要的；统治的；占优势的；显性的domestic（adj.）国内的；本国的；家庭的；家里的predominance（n.）优势；主导或支配地位predominantly（adv.）支配地；主要地recruit【v.】招收；招募；征召；雇用【n.】新兵；新手；新成员priority: 【n.】优先事项；优先权；最重要的事；当务之急hence: 【adv.】从此；今后；因此neglect: 【v.】忽视；疏忽；疏漏；忽略形近词negative（adj.）负的；小于零的；负面的negotiate（v.）谈判；协商词组be neglectful of：不关注；不注意；忽视owe: 【v.】欠（钱）；欠（债）；应把...归功（于）词组owing to：由于；因为revenue【n.】收入；财政收入；税收同义词taxation（n.）课税；征税vote:【v.】投票；表决【n.】投票；选票；选票数形近词devoted（adj.）献身的；忠诚的词组election campaign：选举运动同义词ballot（n.）（无记名）投票；（无记名）选票（无记名）表决misery:【n.】痛苦；苦难；不幸词组be sorrowful of：伤心；悲伤同义词grief（n.）悲伤；悲痛routine【n.】日常事务；例行公事；惯例；常规【adj.】常规的；例行的形近词routinely （adv.）例行地；通常地词组circular bus route：循环巴士路线inevitable: 【adj.】不可避免的；必然发生的同义词unavoidable（adj.）不可避免的●solve: 【v.】解决；解答●形近词●resolve（v.）决定；下定决心；（指委员会或集会）表决；解决（问题、疑问等）；分解；使分解为●solution（n.）解决；解决方法；溶液commerce: 【n.】商业；贸易形近词commercialized（adj.）商业化的commercial（adj.）商业化的；商务的（n.）商业广告e-commerce（n.）电子商务circuit: 【n.】环道；（尤指工作时的）巡回；电路integrate: 【v.】 ( 使 ) 成为一体；( 使 ) 结合；( 使 ) 合并；( 使 ) 融入形近词integration（n.）结合；整合；一体化；混合；融合integrated（adj.）整体的；完全的；连成一体的；互相协调的disintegrate（v.）（使）破裂；（使）崩溃；（使）瓦解；（使）解体；●词组●integrate with：（使）与...结合在一起disorder: 【n.】( 身心机能的 ) 失调；不适；紊乱；疾病；杂乱；混乱形近词distort（v.）歪曲；扭曲；曲解；Unit 12C. 单词应用dominant [adj] 支配的；主要的2009 年阅读新题型Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas.priority [n] 优先权2009 年阅读 Text 3It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system ____.[A] challenges economists and politicians[B] takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor forcehence[adv] 因此2006 年阅读 Text 1Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.owe [v] 应把……归功 ( 于 )2012 年阅读 Text 4Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.revenue [n] 财政收入，税收2006 年阅读新题型Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering.vote [n] 选票数2008 年阅读 Text 4The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.devoted[adj] 忠诚的2011 年阅读 Text 1Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.routinely [adv] 例行地；通常地2014 年阅读 Text 4Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation. ●inevitable [adj] 不可避免的；必然发生的●2014 年阅读 Text 3●But the Nobel Foundation’ s limit of●three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by thecollaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.solution [n] 解决；解决方法2006 年翻译I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. commercial [n] 商业广告2011 年阅读 Text 3While traditional “paid” media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role,companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.circuit [n] ( 尤指工作时的 ) 巡回2010 年阅读 Text 2In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.integrated [adj] 互相协调的2009 年阅读新题型Supporters of the theory viewed culture as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.disorder [n] 疾病2008 年阅读 Text 1Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men.Unit 13A. 单词识记highly: 【adv.】极其，非常；极为 ( 赞许 )；( 评价 ) 高地同义词extremely（adv.）极端地；非常exceedingly （adv.）非常；极其notice【v.】注意到；注意【n.】通知；通告；布告；注意；认识词组at / on short notice：在短时间内，立刻take notice of：注意到同义词advertisement n. 广告；宣传；公告近义词detect v. 发现；查出；测出；觉察；发觉obtain: 【v.】获得；得到形近词obtainable（adj.）可获得的；可取得的同义词gain（v.）获得；赢得近义词derive（v.）获得；取得；得到；( 使）起源于；( 使 ) 来自characterize: 【v.】使具有特点；描述词组be characterized by ：被描述为……；具有……的特征词组portray （v.）描绘；描述depict （v.）描绘；描述decline【v.】衰落；下降；下倾；倾斜【n.】下降；下倾；衰落；拒绝；谢绝词组on the decline：在衰退中近义词descend v. 下来；下降；降低身份；沦落；( 大批人 ) 突然到来，突然造访decrease v. 减少；减小former:【adj.】先前的，从前的；前者；前一个【pron.】两者之间的前者；形近词form（n.）形式；形状；外形；方式；（v.）形成；组成；排列；组织；产生；塑造formal（adj.）正式的；规范的；( 服饰 )；适合正式场合的；整齐的；规矩的；( 通常指学校教育 ) 正规的（n.）须穿礼服的舞会；晚礼服形近词formula（n.）原则；规则；方案；方法；公式，方程式；perform（v.）做；执行；表演performer（n.）演出者；表演者；表现……的人performance（n）执行；履行；表演；行为；业绩；性能●形近词●performative（adj.）表述行为的●formation （n.）形成；养成；创建；创造；编队；列队●reformatory（adj.）起改革作用的；感化的●（n.） ( 少年犯 ) 管教所●informed （adj.）了解情况的；见多识广的形近词informative（adj.）提供情报的；增长见闻的；增长知识的informally （adv.）非正式地；不拘礼节地conform（v.）符合；遵守；遵从；一致；相吻合；顺从conformity（n.）符合；一致；遵从；遵守nonconformist（n.）不墨守成规者；新教徒（adj.）不墨守成规的；不遵循主流思想的形近词transformation（n.）转换；转变；变形；改革formulate（v.）系统阐述；明确表达；规划；策划；构想formulation（n.）(想法的 ) 阐述方式，表达方法；( 政策、计划等的 ) 制定；构想informativeness（n.）信息量uninformed （adj.）未被通知的；知识 ( 或信息 ) 贫乏的；未受教育的；不明情况的形近词misinformation（n.）(常指有意提供的)假消息；错误信息；误报；错误信息uniformity（n.）一致 ( 性 )；统一 ( 性 )formidable（adj.）可怕的；令人敬畏的；艰难的；强大的同义词previous （adj.）先前的；以前的effective:【adj.】有效的；生效的；实际的形近词effect （n.）效果；结果；影响（v.）使发生；实现effectiveness（n.）有力；有效性effectively（adv.）有效地；生效地；有力地；实际上●形近词●ineffectual(n.) 无用的人；无一技之长者● (adj.) 无效的，不起作用的；徒劳无益的●ineffective(adj.) 无效的，不起作用的●efficient (adj.) 效率高的；效能高的justify【v.】证明...是正当的；认为有理近义词testify (v.)证实；证明verify (v.)核实；证明confirm (v.)确认；证实affirm (v.)证实；确认lie: 【v.】躺；平放；位于【n.】谎话；谎言形近词dunderlie （v.）位于或存在于（某物）之下；构成……的基础(或起因)；引起underlying（adj.）潜在的；根本的；在下面的词组lie in：在于；位于lie with sb.：是某人的责任puzzle: 【v.】（使）困惑；( 使 ) 为难【n.】难题；谜；令人困惑的事物形近词puzzlement （n.）迷惑；困惑；谜；费解puzzled （adj.）困惑的；茫然的同义词confuse （v.）使困惑satisfy: 【v.】满足；使满意；说服形近词satisfied （adj.）感到满意的dissatisfied（adj.）不满意的；不愉快的；不高兴的dissatisfaction（n.）不满足；不满意；令人不满意的事物●词组●be satisfied with：对……满意●be dissatisfied with：对……不满意●近义词●fulfill （v.）实现；履行(诺言等)；执行；完成；满足；使满意stock: 【n.】备料；库存；现货；股票；公债【v.】储存词组stock price：股价stock market：股市laughing stock：笑柄debate: 【n.】争论；争辩【v.】辩论；争论；思考近义词controversy （n.）辩论；争论dispute（n.）辩论；争端●equal: 【n.】（地位）相当的人；对等的事物●【v.】等于●【adj.】同样的；相等的；平等的；胜任的●形近词●equally （adv.）相等地；平等地；同样地●equate（v.）使相等；视为平等；等同于●equality （n.）等同性；平等；同等形近词equivalent（adj.）等值的；相等的；等同的（n.）等同物；等值物；对应物frequently: 【adv.】常常；频繁地形近词frequent（v.）常到；时常出入于；常去（adj.）时常发生的；频繁的近义词repeatedly（adv.）反复地；重复地；再三地●universal:【adj.】普遍的；全体的；通用的；宇宙的；世界的●形近词●universe （n.）宇宙；(思想等 ) 领域；星系●universally （adv.）普遍地；到处；全体地●university （n.）大学●universalize（v.）使普遍化近义词overall（adj.）全面的；总体的（adv.）全面地；总地；总的说来（n.）工装裤；( 工作时穿的 ) 罩衣deprive: 【v.】夺去；使丧失emotion: 【n.】情绪；情感形近词emotional（adj.）表现强烈情感的；情绪激动的；情感上的；情绪上的同义词sentiment （n.）感情；情绪；情操近义词temper （n.）性情；脾气；特征mood （n.）心情；语气；气氛disposition （n.）性情；性格modify: 【v.】更改；修改；改造；修饰形近词mode （n.）方式；方法；( 艺术、着装等的 ) 风格；( 照相机、电子设备的 )模式；状态modification（n.）修改；修正；改良同义词sentiment （n.）感情；情绪；情操近义词revise （v.）改变；修正amend （v.）改良；修改recast （v.）重塑；修改net: 【n.】网；网状物；因特网；罗网；束缚；净收入；净数【v.】用网捕；使落网【adj.】净数的；纯的形近词network（n.）网状物；广播网；( 人或机构组成的 ) 网络intranet （n.）内联网；企业内部网Internet-based（adj.）基于互联网的；以网际网路为基础的poetry: 【n.】诗歌；诗节形近词poet（n.）诗人philosopher: 【n.】哲学家；哲人形近词philosophy （n.）哲学；哲理；人生哲学；见解philosophical（adj.）哲学 ( 上 ) 的；冷静的remains: 【n.】剩余；残余；遗迹形近词remain （v.）保持；依然；留下；剩余；逗留；残存remaining（adj.）剩下的；剩余的balance: 【v.】 ( 使 ) 保持平衡；( 用天平 ) 称；使平衡【n.】天平；平衡；均衡形近词well-balanced（adj.）均衡的counterbalance（n.）起平衡作用的事物；平衡力；抵消因素词组level off：将……弄平；使平整break even：不盈不亏；够本同义词steady（adj.）稳定的；不变的stabilize（v.） ( 使 ) 稳定；( 使 )稳固Unit 13C. 单词应用derive [v] ( 使 ) 起源于；( 使 ) 来自2010 年阅读 Text 3The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the “two step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.be characterized by：具有……的特征2009 年阅读新题型He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,”in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.decline [v] 拒绝；谢绝2008 年阅读 Text 2Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. perform [v] 做；执行2009 年完型Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would perform on humans if they had the chance.performance [n] 执行；履行2006 年翻译Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties —he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.informed [adj] 见多识广的2010 年阅读 Text 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected.uniformity [n] 一致 ( 性 )2006 年阅读 Text 1This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference”characteristic of popular culture.formidable [adj] 令人敬畏的2011 年阅读 Text 1Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”vastly [adv] 极大地2010 年阅读 Text 4It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.devastating [adj] 极具破坏力的2008年阅读 Text 1The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.effect [v] 实现2013 年阅读 Text 1Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment —including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.effectiveness [n] 有效性2012 年阅读 Text 1But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive.efficient [adj] 效率高的2013年完型Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work against the disappearance of the paper system.justified [adj] 合理的2012 年阅读 Text 2The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations. verify [v] 核实2013 年阅读 Text 4However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.lie [n] 谎话；谎言2009 年阅读 Text 1“That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”puzzled [adj] 困惑的；茫然的2011 年阅读 Text 1Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels ______.[A] doubtful [B] enthusiastic[C] confident [D] puzzledfulfill [v] 实现2010 年阅读 Text 1It is the writers’ duty to fulfill journalistic goals.dissatisfied [adj] 不满意的2006年翻译They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.equally [adv] 同样地2011年阅读新题型Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. equivalent[adj] 相等的；等同的2011年阅读 Text 4In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing?repeatedly [adv] 再三地2012 年阅读 Text 4Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.frequently [adv] 常常；频繁地2012 年阅读 Text 3But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. overall [adj] 全面的；总体的2010 年阅读 Text 4The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong.deprive [v] 夺去；使丧失2014 年阅读 Text 4The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.emotion [n] 情感2006 年阅读 Text 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.mood [n] 心情2011 年阅读 Text 4Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”mode [n] 方式；方法2009 年阅读 Text 1The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure,meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.net [n] 网；网状物2011 年阅读 Text 2As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net.philosopher [n] 哲学家2012 年阅读 Text 3In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim—a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind.remain [v] 依然2009 年阅读 Text 3Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity.balance [n] 平衡2013 年阅读 Text 4But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.Unit 14A. 单词识记elite: 【n.】上层人士；掌权人物；实力集团；精英形近词elitism (n.) n. 精英主义；杰出人物统治论gradual 【adj.】逐渐的；逐步的entrepreneur: 【n.】企业家colony: 【n.】殖民地；( 某一类人的 ) 聚居地；聚居区形近词colonial(adj.) 殖民地的；殖民主义的；( 建筑或家具 ) 具有英属殖民地时期特色的；美洲殖民地时期的comply: 【v.】服从；遵守形近词complicate （v.）使难以理解；使复杂化complicated（adj.）复杂的；难懂的；难处理的contact 【n.】( 尤指经常性的 ) 联系；联络【v.】联系；联络形近词contest（n.）竞赛；比赛；( 权力或控制权的 ) 争夺；竞争（v.）争取赢得 ( 选举、比赛等 )；角逐；争辩；对……提出异议补充词汇in contact with：和……联系；与……相关historian:【n.】历史学家inherit:【v.】继承 ( 金钱或财产 )；经遗传获得 ( 特征、特质等 )形近词inherent（adj.）固有的；内在的；生来就有的privilege:【n.】特权；优待【v.】给予……特权；特免形近词privileged（adj.）享有特权的；特殊的purchase: 【v.】买，购买【n.】购买的物品random: 【adj.】随机的；随意的；任意的【n.】随机；随意description:【n.】描述；形容；叙述；说明；种类；类型形近词describe（v.）描述；记述；形容；作图同义词definition（n.）定义；规定；明确picture （n.）描述；描绘；写照admit【v.】让……进入；接纳；承认形近词admission（n.）承认；入场费；进入许可；坦白adopt: 【v.】采用；采纳；通过；收养；吸收形近词adoptive（adj.）收养的；有收养关系的crucial: 【adj.】至关重要的；关键性的同义词essential（adj.）绝对必要的；至关重要的；基本的；本质的；根本的（n.）必需品；不可或缺之物key （adj.）关键的；主要的significant （adj.）重要的；有意义的decisive （adj.）决定性的近义词overriding （adj.）最重要的；高于一切的quote: 【v.】引用；援引【n.】引文形近词quotation（n.）引用；引证近义词cite（v.）引用；考证restore: 【v.】恢复；使复原；归还；交还；恢复；重建形近词restoration（n.）恢复；复位；归还同义词revive （v.） (使)复苏；(使)恢复；(使)再次流行；重新上演recover（v.）恢复；重新获得resume （v.）重新取得；恢复(职位)enable: 【v.】使能够；使成为可能；准许；许可形近词empower（v.）使能够；准许permit（v.）许可；准许同义词endeavor（n.） ( 尤指新的或创造性事物的 ) 努力；尝试（v.）努力；尽力词组strive for：奋斗；争取同义词essay v. 尝试；试验external: 【adj.】外部的；外面的；外来的反义词internal（adj.）国内的；内部的agenda: 【n.】议事日程；目的；动同义词schedule （n.）时刻表；进度表；词组flexible schedule：弹性工作时间表●cell: 【n.】细胞；小囚房；蜂房；电池●clue: 【n.】线索；暗示●context: 【n.】上下文；背景；环境；语境exert: 【v.】发挥；施加 ( 影响等)词组impose sth. on：对……施加……option: 【n.】选择；选择权；( 供 ) 选择的事物 ( 或人 )；选课形近词optional (adj.) 可选择的；非强制opportunity(n.)机会；时机exception(n.)例外；除外●permanent: 【adj.】永久的；持久的●近义词●durable (adj.)耐用的；持久的●trait: 【n.】特征；特点；特性●同义词●attribute （n.）属性●feature（n.）特征；特点●peculiarity （n.）特性●cater: 【v.】迎合；为……提供 ( 饮食及服务 )●词组●cater for：满足……的所有需求●cater to：满足……的需求性●capable: 【adj.】有能力的；能够……的● Unit 14C. 单词应用elite [n] 精英2006 年阅读 Text 1Instead of intimate shops catering to “a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.”entrepreneur[n] 企业家2014 年阅读 Text 3You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels.colonial [adj] 殖民地的；殖民主义的2009 年阅读 text 4According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.”comply [v]服从；遵守2013 年阅读 Text 2After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how.contested [adj] 有异议的2012 年阅读 Text 1In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federalimmigration law.inherit [v] 经遗传获得 ( 特征、特质等 )2009 年阅读 Text 2Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers.privilege [n] 特权2013 年阅读 Text 4The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.random [adj] 随意的2011 年阅读 Text 3According to Paragraph 2, sold mediafeature _____.[A] a safe business environment[B] random competition[C] strong user traffic[D] flexibility in organizationdescription [n] 描述；形容2011 年阅读 Text 1As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.admission [n] 进入许可2013 年完型He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, conducted by 31 admissions officers.adoptive [adj] 收养的2011 年阅读 Text 4There are also stories about newly adoptive—and newly single—mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news.restore [v] 恢复；使复原2007 年阅读 Text 4Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore— and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.endeavor [n] (尤指新的或创造性事物的)努力2008 年阅读 Text 2But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.external [adj] 外部的2011 年翻译Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.agenda [n] 目的；动机2006 年阅读 Text 4And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets— they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable.exert [v] 施加 ( 影响等 )2012 年阅读 Text 1There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.permanent [adj] 永久的，持久的2014 年阅读 Text 1But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it—supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood.cater to：满足……的需求2010 年阅读新题型Demand comes mainly from two sources: ndependent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home.Unit 15A. 单词识记dependent: 【adj.】依靠的；依赖的；取决 ( 于……) 的；有赖 ( 于……) 的【n.】( 子女等 ) 受抚养者补充词汇independent (adj.) 独立自主的；不受约束的(n.)中立派；无党派者同义词reliant (adj.)依靠的；信赖的extreme【n.】极端；极度 ( 状态 )【adj.】极度的；极端的；末端的；尽头的形近词extremely（adv.）极端地；很；非常地同义词ultimate（adj.）极端的；极度的；最后的；最重要的utmost （adj.）极度的；最大的radical（adj.）根本的；彻底的；激进的imply【v.】意指；含……的意思；暗指形近词simply（adv.）简朴地；浅显地；非常；极；简直同义词indicate（v.）表明；暗示infer（v.）推定；暗示exhibit【v.】展出，陈列；表现；显示；展示；表明形近词exhibition（n.）展览；展览会；展示，显示词组expose to：暴露于近义词array （n.）一大批；一大群；陈列；布置eventually: 【adv.】最终，终于；最后形近词prevent（v.）预防，防止；阻止；妨碍同义词finally（adv.）最后；终于ultimately（adv.）最后；最终label【v.】贴标签于……；标志；把……称为【n.】标签；标示；标记；称号；外号同义词tag （n.）标签词组brand （n.）商标，牌子designate （v.）标示；把……定名为；称呼；指定psychology: 【n.】心理学；心理typical: 【adj.】典型的；有代表性的；特有的；独特的形近词typically（adv.）有代表性地；典型地；通常；一般地近义词sample（n.）( 用于化验的 ) 取样，样本；样品；货样（adj.）作为代表或范例的various: 【adj.】各种各样的；不同的形近词vary （v.）不同；有差异；( 使 )变化；改变varied （adj.）各种各样的variety （n.）多种多样；种类；变化；品种varying（adj.）不同的；多种多样的variable（adj.）可变的；易变的；多变的；变异的；畸变的（n.）变量；可变物；可变因素variation（n.）变化；变异；变种familiar【adj】熟悉的；通晓的；过分亲昵的形近词unfamiliar（adj.）不熟悉的；不常见的词组be familiar with：熟悉be proficient in：熟练；精通be adept at：擅长；精于近义词intimate （adj.）亲密的；亲近的；私下的；个人的（v.）暗示；提示shift:【v.】替换；转移；移动【n.】转移；转换；转变；轮班形近词downshift（v.）把排挡换至低速挡；放慢生活节奏（n.）换低速挡同义词transfer（v.）使转移；使调动alter（v.）改变；更改transform（v.）改变；变换nevertheless【conj.】然而；不过；尽管如此【adv.】仍然；不过；尽管如此同义词although （conj.）尽管；虽然radical:【adj.】基本的；重要的；根本的；彻底的；激进的；极端的。

考研英语核心词汇恋lian有词(6-10单元) 2019.8Unit 6entitle 【v】取名为, 给予名称; 给…权力(或资格)subtitle 【n】副题；【v】给...加副标题，在...上印字幕comprehensive 【adj】全面的; 能充分理解的; 广泛的creature 【n】人, 创造物, 动物recreate 【v】再创造; 再创建entitlement 【n】应得的权利; 津贴creation 【n】创造; 创立; 创作; 世界procreation 【n】生产; 生殖creativity 【n】创造力creationism 【n】创造宇宙说; 特别创造说creative 【adj】创造的；有创造力的；启发想像力的in doubt 不确定、拿不准undoubtedly 【adv】毫不怀疑的greedy 【adj】贪吃的; 渴望的; 贪婪的effortless 【adj】不费力气的hold back 退缩阻止抑制hold on 等一等，别挂电话；坚持hold up 举起, 抬起, 拦住, 耽搁；拦劫hold out 伸出, 张开拿出, 提出, 提供隐瞒, 保密household 【n】一家人；【adj】家庭的shareholders 【n】股东degree 【n】程度inference 【n】推理，推论materialism 【n】唯物主义；唯物论maintain 【v】维持保持坚持by no means 绝不well-meaning 【adj】善心的，好意的exhibition 【n】展览, 展览会by means of 依靠；用mean 【adj】小气的，平均值Unit 7meet 【v】遇见,会见,会谈,经历,遭到,满足personal 【adj】个人的,私人的,亲自的,本人的,人身的imagine 【v】想象，设想，料想finding 【n】发现，发现物[pl.] 调查（研究）结果potential 【n】潜能, 潜力【adj】潜在的,可能的overstate 【v】夸张夸大的叙述obtain 【v】获得得到practical 【adj】实际的，实用的，实践的status 【n】地位，情形，状态，重要身份imagination 【n】想象impersonal 【adj】不受个人情感影响的,冷淡的，客观的statistic 【n】统计数值【adj】统计的统计学的（复数形式表示统indeed 【adv】确实，实在；真正地，多么intend 【v】打算personality 【n】人格, 个性人物, 名人observe 【v】观察，注意到，看到；遵守，奉行understatement 【n】保守陈述不充分的陈述有保留的陈述imaginative 【adj】创造性的，爱想象的intention 【n】意图，意向，目的manifestation 【n】显示image 【n】形象，化身interpersonal 【adj】人专人之间的, 人际的estate 【n】房地产身份财产professional 【n】自由职业者专业人员【adj】职业的专业的专门的electronically 【adv】电子地practicality 【n】实践性；实际性；实用性；实例state 【v】陈述说明；规定【n】状态，国，州imaging 【n】影像observer 【n】观察者intentionally 【adv】有意地，故意地meeting 【n】会议，集会；会合；运动会imaginary 【adj】想象中的，虚构的，假象的professionalism 【n】职业水准或特性，职业化statement 【n】申明陈述叙述；报表清单practically 【adv】几乎; 简直实际地, 实事求是地Unit 8rare 【adj】稀有的；难得的；珍奇的；稀薄的；稀疏的primary 【adj】最初的，初级的；首要的，主要的，基本的physical 【adj】物质的，有形的；肉体的，身体的；自然科学的，物理的vanish 【v】消失；消散relate 【v.】叙述；讲述；和…联系treat 【v】对待；处理；治疗；论述；款待；请客decline 【v/n】衰落；下降，下倾；斜面，倾斜, 拒绝，谢绝account 【v】说明,解释,导致available 【adj】可用的，可以得到的，可见到的，随时可来的divide 【v】分，划分，分开；分配，除; 意见分歧；分裂【n】分歧, 不和; 分水岭characterize 【v】表示…的特性；描述…的特性【n】性格，品格definite 【n】帐目；叙述;说明【adj】明确的，肯定的；限定的definitely 【adv】明确地; 干脆地accountant 【n】会计师，会计rarely 【adv】很少, 难得emerge：【v】浮现，出现；(问题等)发生,显露，(从困境等中)摆脱，露头, (事实等)暴露physics 【n】物理，物理学directly 【adv】直接地;笔直地；坦率地,直截了当地；正好地;截然；即刻,马上interrelated 【adj】相关的,互相关联的physician 【n】内科医生definition 【n】定义, 清晰度, 精确度reasonable 【adj】合理的；有道理的；适度的；通情达理的emergency 【n】紧急状况, 紧急需要, 紧急事件retreat 【v/n】退却，撤退；规避；隐退(处)indefinitely 【adv】不定地;无定限地;无限期地;不明确地,模糊地divided 【adj】分离的; 分裂的; 有分歧的emergence 【n】出现;浮现;露头indirectly 【adv】间接地;迂回地;婉转地;不坦率地treatment 【n】治疗, 对待, 处理geophysical 【adj】地球物理学的astrophysicist 【n】天体物理学家reasoned 【adj】详尽论述的, 理由充分的directive 【adj】指导的;管理的;方向性的【n】指令dividend 【n】被除数; 股息, 红利; 附赠品; 发给参加保险投保人的盈余比例分额undertreatment 【n】处理不足；治疗不够interrelationship 【n】相互关系on the decline 在衰退中relate to 有关, 涉及be available to 可用于account for 占据；说明，解释（原因）take into account 考虑到;体谅on account of 因为，由于Unit 9essay 【n】文章，短文evidence：【n】证据；形迹，迹象【v】浮现，出现；(问题等)发生,显露，(事实等)establish 【v】建立，设立；安置，使定居；确立express 【v】表达【adj】特快的；明确的；确切的；【n】快车，快运depress 【v】压低；使沮丧；使萧条formula 【n】公式，准则；配方；婴儿食品eventually 【adv】终于，最后informally 【adv】非正式地；不拘礼节地inform 【v】通知；告诉；报告；告发；告密expression 【n】表达，表示；表情；表现力；措辞event 【n】大事, 事件, 项目former 【adj】以前的，从前的【pron】前者transform 【v】转换，转变prevent 【v】预防，防止；阻止，妨碍evident 【adj】明显的；明白的conform 【v】符合；遵照；适应环境；使一致；使遵守；使顺从【adj】顺从的；一致depression 【n】萧条，不景气；沮丧；忧愁introductory 【adj】引导的；介绍的；开端的well-established 【adj】明确的Informed 【adj】消息灵通的，见多识广的compress 【v】压缩，压紧，精简press for 迫切要求informative 【adj】情报的,见闻广博的；教育性的，有益的suppress 【v】抑制，镇压；废止uniformity 【n】一致，同样formulation 【n】公式化；简洁陈述；构想，规划label 【n】标签；标记；称号；外号perform 【v】执行；表演introduce 【v】引进；提出；采用，推行；引用Unit 10in practice 在实践中，实际上qualify for 有资格，合格；合适；胜仸manageable 【adj】可管理的，可控制的，可处理的legislate 【v】立法provider 【n】提供者，供应者legitimate 【adj】合法的illegal 【adj】非法的；违法的；违反规则的【n】非法移民；间谍legacy 【n】遗嘱，遗产psychology 【n】心理学；心理practice 【n/v】练习,实习,实践,实际,业务,开业【常pl】习惯性行为provided 【conj】倘若，只要，假如mere 【adj】仅仅，只不过,纯粹的merely 【adv】纯粹地，仅仅，只不过provide 【v】供给，提供otherwise 【conj】要不然，否则【adv】另外，在其他方面。