Unit 4
SECTION A. Task 2. B. Vocabulary
1. Heavy smokers are twenty times more likely to be stricken by lung cancer than
non-smokers.
A attacked B. Gripped C. Ravaged D. Stricken
Translation:烟瘾很大的人患肺癌的概率是不吸烟者的20倍。
“是不吸烟者的20倍”修改成“相对不吸烟者高出20倍”
烟瘾很大的人相对不吸烟者，患肺癌的概率要高出20倍。
2. Most States emphasized eradication of violence, particularly domestic violence, as
a national priority area in national crime prevention strategies.
A.prerequisite B. requirement C. dominance D. Priority
Translation:许多州将消除暴力，尤其是消除家庭暴力作为国家制定国民犯罪防治策略的重中之重。
“许多”修改成“多数”，“消除暴力”修改成“杜绝暴力现象”，“国民犯罪防治策略”修改成“预防国民犯罪策略”(“是...作为...”不搭，“国家制定”原文没提)
多数州强调杜绝暴力现象，尤其把杜绝家庭暴力作为预防国民犯罪策略的重中之重。
3. Some activists in the Women 's Movement call themselves feminists, while others
who resist political activism choose not to label themselves "feminists" because they
Unit 1
Task5(page8)
1. A student and professional may spend plenty of time reporting the resuits of their research
projects when they present them to teachers,managers and clients.Actually,one would be faced
with many difficulties in study and on the job without the necessary research skills as well as the
ability to show the results with clarity and completeness.
2. In this part the basic rule one has to follow is to offer the entire set of data relevant to the
research question raised at the beginning.If one tends to hide findings which,to some extent,
cannot support his hypothesis,such dishonest behavior is not welcome in research reporting in
any field.
3. Little importance is attached to a lively style; however, it is acceptable to write interestingly. The essential qualities for professional communication should include accuracy, clarity, and completeness
博士研究生英语综合教程答案及参考译文
KEY TO THE EXERCISES
Unit One Science
Text 1 Can We Really Understand Matter?
I. Vocabulary
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C
II. Definition
1. A priority 2. Momentum 3. An implication 4. Polarization
5. the distance that light travels in a year, about 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 trillion km.
6. a contradictory or absurd statement that expresses a possible truth
7. a device that speeds up charged elementary particles or ions to high energies
III. Mosaic
1. The stress: (Omitted)
Pronunciation rule: An English word ended with –tion or –sion has its stress on the last syllable but one.
2. molecule
3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A
IV. Translation
A. (Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)
B. In September 1995, anti-hydrogen atom—an anti-matter atom—was successfully developed in European Particle
第四单元 环境
Text A
”绿色环保风”吹了五十年，下一步何去何从？
现代社会的环保主义已经推行了近五十载。在那期间，人们的环保意识不断增长，对所面临的挑战也有了更多认识。同时也在不少方面已取得了很多实质性的进展，例如，减少污染，建立保护区等等。然而，我们距离目标还有很长的路要走，那就是如何平衡人类的需求和地球的可持续资源之间的关系。
人类与自然关系的失衡已经导致了不少后果——地球气候不断变化，动植物大规模灭绝的趋势不断加剧，重要资源例如野生鱼类的数量，淡水和土壤资源不断消耗殆尽。不仅如此，环境的变化给人类所带来的压力并非是静态的，随着地球人口的持续膨胀，各国急于追求经济的发展，随着环境变化得愈演愈烈，人类肩上的担子也愈发沉重。
毫无疑问，要想避免由此导致的最严重的后果，与其满足于迄今为止所获得的成就，不如未雨绸缪，取得更多积极的进展。但是问题是，人类应该朝着哪个方向努力呢？下一个五十年应该将行动重点放在哪些方面呢？
我突然意识到，当前所面临的最主要的挑战不只是掌握有益的信息，发展更先进的科技或者提出更健全的政策。这几点固然重要，但是这些东西已经存在。人类已经知晓如何生产清洁能源，如何保护资源，维护生物多样性；我们还知道如何控制污染，如果更用心，还可以找到防止破坏生态系统的方法。然而，仅仅拥有这些知识是远远不够的。
如果我们想要深入探讨这个问题的关键，就要改变思路。我们必须将重点从“做正确的事情”转变到“谈论如何规避风险与增强适应力”上来。 如果将保护地球的自然系统视作某种道德选择的话，就完全误解了人们所面临的危机。当前的挑战是关乎于人类社会的未来，而不是交给某些博爱慷慨的善心人士，来做一些随意的慈善。并不是要保护自然免受人类的侵害，而是为了人类而保护自然 —— 能让这样的观念深入人心才是改变思路的核心内容。要知道，我们正承受着自身所作所为带来的一系列后果。全世界都需要知道，一个健康的自然世界并不是某些偶然善举带来的，而是一系列重要物质资产的集合。
