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Part 7 prose-writers and poets of the mid and late 19th centuryChapter 1 Thomas CarlyleHe was elected Lord Rector of Edinburgh UniversityHe is a literary criticSartor ResartusThe French RevolutionHeroes and Hero-WorshipPast and PresentChapter 2 Ruskin and some other prose-writers1 John RuskinHe is a critic. Art criticism and social criticismHe is a social thinker and a master of English. His prescription for the contemporary social problems was faulty, but he sincerely sympathized with the people and exposed with holy wrath the evilsModern Painters2 Matthew Arnold3 MacaulayChapter 3 Alfred Tennyson1809~1892（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人）① < In Memoriam>悼念To memorialize his friend② < Break, Break, Break>冲击、冲击、冲击③ < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗Chapter 4 Robert Browning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889A follower of Shelley①< My Last Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人②< Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思③Pippa PassesElizabeth Barrett Browing:①<Sonnet from the Portuguese>葡萄牙十四行诗He introduced to English poetry a new form ,the dramatic monologueHe has been praised as a "a genius in courageous and high- hearted figure", well-known for buoyant optimism.Chapter 5 the Rossettis and Swinburne1 Dante Gabriel RossettiPoem: The Blessed Damozel2 Christina Georgina RossettiPoem: Goblin Market3 Fitzgerald's Rubaiyat4 Algernon Charles SwinburneChapter 6 William MorrisPoet, artist, socialistPoem:The Defence of GuenvereThe Life and Death of JasonThe Early ParadiseSigurd the V olsungThe aim of his works is to bring beauty into the life of his countrymenProse:A Dream of Jhon BallNews from NowhereChapter 7 literary trens at the end of the century1 naturalism:Naturalism is a literary trend prevailing in Euope. According to the naturalism, literature must be ture to life and exactly reproduce real life, including all its details without any selection. They usually write about the life of the poor and oppressed, or the slum life, they can oly represent the external appearance instead of the inner essence of real life.George Gissing,: <New Crub Street>2 neo-romanticismDissatisfied with the drab and ugly social reality and yet trying to avoid the positive solution of the acute social contradictions. They laid emphasis upon the invention of exciting adventures and fascinating stories to entertain the reading public. They led the novel back towards stiry-telling and to romance.Robert Louis Stevenson <Treasure Island>金银岛3 aestheticismArt for sake. Art should serve no religious, moral or social ens, nor any end except itself.Walter Pater:< Studies in the History of the Renaissance> later called The RenaissanceHte "Conclusion" of the The Renaissance is acrystallization of his faith in the pursuit pf beauty as the sole "success of life".Oscar Wilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900（The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake）① 4 Comedies:<The Importance Of Being Earnest>认真的重要<Lady Windermere’s Fan>温德米尔夫人的扇子<A Woman Of No Importance>一个无足轻重的女人<An Ideal Husband>理想的丈夫② Novel:<The Picture Of Dorian Gray>多利安•格雷的画像③ Fairy Stories:<The Happy Prince And Other Tales>快乐王子故事集Part 8 20th century English literatureChapter 1 the new century: social and historical background1911-1914 three great strikesThe colonial division of the world by the capital powers had been completed by the end of 19 WWI1914-19181929, economic crisis broke out1930s, were called Red DecadeChapter 2 English novel of early 20th century1 the realistThey sought for new ways and means of revealing the truth of life.Samuel Bulter, George Meredith, Herbert George Wells2 Rudyard Kipling"the bard of imperialism"诗集：Barrak Room Ballad营房诗集;The Seven Seas七海;Recession and Other Poems赞美诗及其他;The Five Nations五国长篇小说：Kim基姆;Captain Courageous勇敢的船长短篇小说：Plain Tales from the Hills;Soldiers There;The Story of the Gadsby;Life Handcap生命的阻力;The Jungle Book;The Second Jungle Book林莽之书;The Lost LegionArnold Bennett:The Old Wive's TaleJoseph Concrad①<Lord Jim>吉姆爷②<Heart Of Darkness>黑暗的心1.Why the book’s title is Heart of Darkness?The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of people’s skin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans’ heart.2.What is the symbolism of black and white【Black / dark- 】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilizedMiddle Ages, when science and knowledge was suppressed, as the Dark Ages.According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light. According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was considered to be in the “dark stage”.【White / light】life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.Y et, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and darkness means truth(The truth within, therefore dark and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo. The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind.White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths. The trade in ivory is white and dirty.Kurtz the white man is totally corruptmentThe book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies.Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a symbol of enlightenment, was once "one of the darker places of the earth" before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons.But civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background.This savagery is seen in Kurtz. Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has de-evolved into a primitive state.4.Character【Kurtz】represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective, civilized environment.【Marlow】represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dark, alienating jungle.5.Narrative StructureIn Heart of Darkness, we have an outside narrator telling us a story he has heard from Marlow. The story Marlow tells centers around Kurtz.However, most of what Marlow knows about Kurtz, he has learned from others.They have good reason for not being truthful to Marlow. Therefore Marlow has to piece together much of Kurtz’s story.Henry James:Daisy MillerThe portrait of a LadyThe Wings of the DoveThe ambassadorsThe Golden BowlKaterrine Mansfield:In a German PensionBlissThe Garden PartyChapter 3 Thomas Hardy哈代1840-1928Under the Greenwood Tree绿茵下;Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣;The Return of the Native还乡;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;Jude the Obscure无名的裘德诗集：Wessex Poems 威塞克斯诗集史诗剧：The Dynasts统治者三部曲Chapter 4 John Galworthy高尔斯华绥1867-1933From the Four Winds天涯海角(The Man of Property有产业的人;In Chancery骑虎难下;To Let出租→The Forsyte Saga福尔塞世家);(The White Monkey白猿;The Silver Spoon银匙;Swan Song天鹅曲→A Modern Comedy现代喜剧)剧作：The Silver Box银匣;Strife斗争Chapter 5 the Irish dramatic movement1 the Abbey Theatre and Lady Gregory2 John Millington:A playwriterThe play boy of the Western WorldRiders to the SeaSean O'Casey:The Shadow of a GunmanJuno and PaycockThe Plough and the StarsChapter 6 George Bernard Shaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist⑴ Plays① Plays Unpleasant<Mrs Warren’S Profession>华伦夫人的职业<Widowers’ Houses>鳏夫的房产② Plays Pleasant<Arms And Man>武器与人<The Man Of Destiny>左右命运的人③Plays<Man And Superman>人与超人<Pygmalion>匹格玛利翁<The Apple Cart>苹果车<Saint Joan>圣女贞德Chapter 7 Some poets of Early 20th centuryA group of war poets who wrote old-fashioned patriotismRupert brookeJohn MasefieldAlfred Edward housmanChapter 8 modernism in poetryImagism:An Anglo-American poetic movement flourishing in the 1910s. An imagist is that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time. So the imagist poetry is a kind of shaking off the convwntional metres and emhasizing on the use of common speech, new rhythms and clear images.William Butler Yeats威廉•勃特勒•叶茨1865~1939（爱尔兰诗人，剧作家；The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动；The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴；The Irish Literary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团）⑴ collections①<The Wind Among The Reeds> 苇风<Responsibilities> 责任②<The Tower> 塔<The Winding Stair> 旋转的楼梯⑵ Poems<Easter 1916>复活节，1916<The Second Coming> 第二次来临/再世<Sailing To Byzantium> 到拜占庭航行Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家）⑴ Poems①<The Waste Land>②<Four Quartets>四个四重奏③<The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock>⑵ Plays①<Murder In The Cathedral> 大教堂谋杀案Chapter 9 the psychological fictionModernist fiction emphasis on the description of the characters' psychological activities, so sometomes been called modern psychological fixtion.Novelists① James Joyce② David Herbert Lawrence③ V irgirnia Woolf1. David Herbert Lawrence戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯1885~1930①<Sons And Lovers>儿子与情人(autobiographical)【Mrs. Morel】, daughter of a middle-class family, is "a woman of character andrefinement", a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman who is fascinated bya warm, vigorous and sensuous coal miner, Walter Morel, and married beneath herown class.Then, she was desponded at her husband and put her love to her sons.She hopes that they will become outstanding【Paul Morel】depends heavily on his mother’s love and help to make sense of theworld around him. He struggle to free from his mother’s influence, but he failed.After his mother has died and he is left alone, in despair.Theme:Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works. He believed that the healthy wa y of the individual’s psychologicaldevelopment lay in the primacy of the life implulse, or in another term, the sexualimpulse.huaman sexuality was, to Lawrence, a symbol of life force.by presentingthe psychological experience of indivudual human life and of human relationships,Lawrence has opened up a wide new territory to the novelOedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers②<The Rainbow>虹③<Women In Love>恋爱中的女人④ <Lady Chatterley’s Lover>查特莱夫人的情人James Joyce詹姆斯•乔伊斯1882~1941（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness<Ulysses>尤利西斯(S_O_C)<A Portrait Of The Artist As A Y oung Man>一个青年艺术家的肖像<Finnegans Wake>芬尼根的苏醒<Dubliners>都柏林人Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅•沃尔芙1882~1941（意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness① Novels<Mrs Dalloway>达洛维夫人<To The Lighthouse>到灯塔去<The Waves>浪<The Lighthouse><Jacob’s Room> 雅各布的房间<Orlando> 奥兰朵<Between The Acts>幕间Chapter 10 Robert Tressell: a working-class novelistThe Ragged Trousered PhilanthropistsChapter 11 Maexist literay criticismRalph Fox:The Novel and the People:1 It presents a distorted and falsified picture of life. It opposes the principles of hunmanism.2 the book is inspired by a profound love for the traditions of materialism and realism in English literature.3 it regards the history of English literatureChristopher Caudwell:Illusion and RealityStudies in a Dying Culture。
《英国文学史及作品选读》教学大纲一、课程说明1. 课程代码：1070138212. 课程中文名称：英国文学史及作品选读3. 课程英文名称：History and Selected Readings of English Literature4. 课程总学时数：325. 课程学分数：26. 授课对象：英语专业学生三年级7. 本课程的性质、地位和作用本课程为面向英语专业高年级学生开设的一门专业选修课，在学科体系中居重要地位。
要求学生以先修英语阅读、综合英语、英美文化和英美概况等课程为基础。
通过教学，使学生对英国文学有一个概观了解，同时初步培养学生对英国文学作品的鉴赏能力，增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解。
该课程有助于增强学生的语言基本功，丰富学生的人文知识、充实学生的文化修养，提高学生的精神素质。
二、教学基本要求1. 本课程的目的、任务英国文学史及文学作品包含着历史的记忆和哲学的睿智，是英语语言艺术的结晶。
本课程旨在介绍英国文学各个时期的主要文化思潮，文学流派，主要作家及其代表作，使学生对英国文学的发展脉络有一个大概的了解和认识，提高他们对文学作品的阅读鉴赏能力，并能掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。
要求学生在阅读和分析英国文学作品的基础上了解英国的历史、社会、政治等方面的情况及传统，促进学生对西方文学及文化的了解，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性，培养学生对作品的洞察批判能力，从而丰富提升学生人文素养。
2. 本课程的教学要求了解英国文学的发展概况，熟悉发展过程中出现的历史事件，文学思潮，文学流派；熟悉具体作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色和所属流派；能读懂代表作家的经典作品，并能分析评介作品的主题思想，人物形象，篇章结构、语言特点、修辞手法、文体风格；能掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法，对重要的文学术语有相当的了解并能在文学批评中加以运用。
本课程以代表作家的经典作品的主题思想、人物形象、文体风格、语言特点及其在文学史上的地位与影响为教学重点。
《英国文学简史》刘炳善中文版
《英国文学简史》是刘炳善教授所著的一本英国文学史专业书籍，涵盖了从中世纪到现代的英国文学发展历程。
本书在中文读者中具有广泛影响和较高的学术价值。
本书主要分为三个部分，第一部分是中世纪的英国文学，主要包括由传说和史诗构成的古代英格兰文学、以基督教为主题的中世纪文学和由英法文学相互影响形成的中古英语文学。
其中，史诗《贝奥武夫》、《绿骑士》等被视为中世纪英国文学的杰作，为之后的文学创作提供了丰富的源泉。
第二部分是文艺复兴时期的英国文学，这一时期英国文学经历了以人文主义为特色的文艺复兴，文学形式更加多样化和精致化。
该时期的代表作品有《十四行诗》、《伊丽莎白一世》和《尤里西斯》等。
另外，威廉·莎士比亚是文艺复兴时期英国最杰出的文学家之一，他的戏剧作品《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等至今仍被广泛演出与研究。
第三部分是现代英国文学，该时期从19世纪末开始，这一时期的文学形式多元化、题材广泛，代表作品有狄更斯的《双城记》、王尔德的《道林·格雷的画像》、毛姆的《月亮与六便士》等。
而且，20世纪的英国文学家更加注重试验和探索，如乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》、沃尔夫的《海浪》、休斯的《鹰》等。
整本书对英国文学的演进和发展进行了详细而全面的描述，准确地呈现了英国文学的核心价值和独特魅力。
在中文读者中，该书被视为英国文学史研究的经典之作，为英国文学爱好者和专业学者提供了绝佳的参考资料。
《英国文学简史》刘炳善中文版《英国文学简史》刘炳善中文版2010-09-09 21：00第一部分：早期和中世纪英国文学第一章：英国的组成1、大不列颠人(英国人)在开始学习英国文学史之前，了解一下英国这个民族是很必要的。
英国这个民族是一个混血族。
早期居住在这个岛上的居民是凯尔特人的一个部落，我们现在称它为大不列颠人。
大不列颠人把这个岛屿命名为大不列颠岛，凯尔特人是其原始居民。
他们分为几十个小部落，每个部落都以小屋群居为主。
"最古老的凯尔特人法律今天归结起来显示出氏族任然充满着生命力"。
英国人曾生活在部落社会。
2、罗马人的占领在公元前55年，大不列颠岛被罗马征服者凯撒入侵，而这是的凯撒刚刚占领了高卢。
但是罗马人刚登上大不列颠岛海岸时，就遭到了在首领领导下的大不列颠人的狮子般疯狂的反击，随着罗马将领来来往往的这个世纪，直到公元78年英国从被于罗马帝国完全征服过。
伴随着罗马人的侵略占领，罗马式的生活方式也开始融入英国。
罗马式剧院和澡堂很快的在城镇中兴起。
而这些高雅的文明只不过是罗马侵略者的娱乐享受方式罢了，大不列颠人民却像奴隶一样被压迫着。
罗马人的占领持续了将近400年，在这期间，罗马人因其军事目的在岛上修建了后来被称之为罗马路的纵横交错的公路，这些公路在后期发展中起到了很大的作用。
沿着这些公路开始建立起大量的城镇，伦敦就是其中之一，开始成为重要的贸易中心城市。
罗马的占领也带来了基督教文化。
但是在15世纪初期，罗马帝国处于逐渐的衰落阶段。
公元410年，所有罗马军队撤回欧洲大陆再也没有返回。
因此，也标志这罗马人占领的结束。
3、英国人的占领同时，大不列颠也被成群的海盗给侵略着。
他们是来自北欧的三个部落：盎格鲁人，撒克逊人和朱特人民族。
这三个部落在大不列颠海岸登路，把大不列颠人民赶到西部和北部，然后自己定居下来。
朱特人占领了岛屿东南部的肯特。
撒克逊人占领了岛屿南部地区，并建立起像韦塞克斯，埃塞克斯和东萨塞克斯这样的小王国。
Part three the period of the English bourgeois revolution Chaper 1 the English revolution and the Reatoration1 the weakening of the tie between monarchy and bourgeoise2 the clashes between the king and parliament3 the outburst of the English revolution:4 the split with the revolution camp5 the bourgeois dictatorship and the restoration6 the religious cloak of the English revolution:Also called the puritan revolution.Puritanism is the religious doctrine7 literature of the revolution periodChapter 2 John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
）①Epics: <Paradise Lost>失乐园: written in blank verseIn the poem god is no better than a despot. God is cruel and unjust. Adam and Eve embody Milton's belife in the powers of man.The desription of hell, Satan is the real hero of the poem. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.<Paradise Regained>复乐园②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙:A poetical drama.③<Areopagitica>论出版自由: as a declaration of people's freedom of the press, has been a weapon in the later democratic revulotion struggles.<The Defence of the English People>为英国人民声辩: as the spokesman of the revolution.④<On His Blindness>我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.Milton:1 he was a political in both his life and his art. He was a militant pamphleteer of the English Revolution, and the greatest English revolutionary poet in 17th century2 wrote the greatest epic in English literature. He and Shakespeare have always been regarded as two patterns of English verse3 he first used blank verse in non-dramatic works. In paradise lost, he acquires an absolute mastery of the blank verse.4 he is a great stylist, grand style.5 his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.Chapter 3 John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
英国文学简史（刘炳善著河南人民出版社）笔记part5-6Part Five : Romanticism in EnglandChapter 1 the Romantic periodThe romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s , and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death.Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic). “The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert SoutheyImportant event:The French RevolutionPeterloo MasscareAmid these social conflicts romanticism arose as a new literary trend. It prevailed in england during the period 1798-1832. Generally speaking, the romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata who were discontent with, and opposed to, the development of capitalism.The works of romanticists is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society, they paid great attention to the spritual and emotional life of man.Walter scott marked the transitionChapter 2 William Wordsworth威廉?华兹华斯1770~1850（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。
《英国文学简史》刘炳善中文版《英国文学简史》刘炳善中文版2010-09-09 21:00第一部分:早期和中世纪英国文学第一章:英国的组成1、大不列颠人(英国人)在开始学习英国文学史之前，了解一下英国这个民族是很必要的。
英国这个民族是一个混血族。
早期居住在这个岛上的居民是凯尔特人的一个部落，我们现在称它为大不列颠人。
大不列颠人把这个岛屿命名为大不列颠岛，凯尔特人是其原始居民。
他们分为几十个小部落，每个部落都以小屋群居为主。
"最古老的凯尔特人法律今天归结起来显示出氏族任然充满着生命力"。
英国人曾生活在部落社会。
2、罗马人的占领在公元前55年，大不列颠岛被罗马征服者凯撒入侵，而这是的凯撒刚刚占领了高卢。
但是罗马人刚登上大不列颠岛海岸时，就遭到了在首领领导下的大不列颠人的狮子般疯狂的反击，随着罗马将领来来往往的这个世纪，直到公元78年英国从被于罗马帝国完全征服过。
伴随着罗马人的侵略占领，罗马式的生活方式也开始融入英国。
罗马式剧院和澡堂很快的在城镇中兴起。
而这些高雅的文明只不过是罗马侵略者的娱乐享受方式罢了，大不列颠人民却像奴隶一样被压迫着。
罗马人的占领持续了将近400年，在这期间，罗马人因其军事目的在岛上修建了后来被称之为罗马路的纵横交错的公路，这些公路在后期发展中起到了很大的作用。
沿着这些公路开始建立起大量的城镇，伦敦就是其中之一，开始成为重要的贸易中心城市。
罗马的占领也带来了基督教文化。
但是在15世纪初期，罗马帝国处于逐渐的衰落阶段。
公元410年，所有罗马军队撤回欧洲大陆再也没有返回。
因此，也标志这罗马人占领的结束。
3、英国人的占领同时，大不列颠也被成群的海盗给侵略着。
他们是来自北欧的三个部落:盎格鲁人，撒克逊人和朱特人民族。
这三个部落在大不列颠海岸登路，把大不列颠人民赶到西部和北部，然后自己定居下来。
朱特人占领了岛屿东南部的肯特。
撒克逊人占领了岛屿南部地区，并建立起像韦塞克斯，埃塞克斯和东萨塞克斯这样的小王国。
Part one：early and medieval english literatureChapter 1: the making of england1 the Briton2 the Roman Consequent3 the English Consequent4 the social condition of the Anglo-SaxonsChapter 2: Beowulf<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer’s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:1 Using alliteration2 Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P5Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasChapter 3 : Feudal England1 the Norman Consequest:①the Danish invasionKing Alfred: the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle②the Norman Consequest:Marks the establishment of feudalism in England\2 Feuda EnglandSocial features of the Feuda England：Two classes（landlord and peasant）The miseries of the peasant：Black DeathThe raising of 13813 the Romance: knightFamous three:King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfChapter 4 William LanglandPiers The Plowman耕者皮尔斯:a picture of feudal England①the exposure of the ruling classes②the story of the Cat and Rats③the marriage of lady Meed④the condition of the peasants⑤the search for truth⑥a representative of the most oppressed section of the peasantryArtistic features:It is written in the form of a dream visionUsing symbolismChapter 5 the English Bllads民谣Oral literatureBallad: is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.The Robin Hood BalladChapter 6 Geoffery Chaucer英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
《英美文学导论》课程教学大纲（2005年制订，2006年修订）课程编号：100192英文名：An Introduction to English Literature and American Literature课程类别：专业主干课前置课：英语国家概况后置课：英美文学选读学分：2学分课时：32课时主讲教师：冯建文选定教材：1、刘炳善，《英国文学简史》，河南人民出版社，1997年修订。
2、常耀信，《美国文学简史》，南开大学出版社，1996年。
课程概述：本课程为英语专业商务英语方向三年级本科生开设，安排在三年级上学期，旨在使学生比较全面地了解英、美国家的文学发展历史，以及在此发展过程中出现的重要文学流派、重要作家和他们的代表作品，提高学生对英、美文学的修养和欣赏水平。
本课程以文学发展史为经线，英国文学从中世纪开始，历经文艺复兴、启蒙运动、浪漫主义、批判现实主义，以及现代派和后现代派等重要文学历史时期；美国文学从殖民时代开始，直至当代美国文学，从历史、文化、语言等多角度、多层次详细讨论美国文学的发展轨迹。
本课程也将适当介绍一些基本的文学理论知识和文学批评方法。
教学目的：本课程旨在使学生对英美两国文学形成与发展的全貌有一个大概的了解，由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成，主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍。
文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景，文学文化思潮，文学流派，社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等主要内容。
通过适量阅读代表性篇章使学生获得欣赏和分析英美文学的初步能力。
教学方法：本课程以课堂讲授为主，分为英国文学和美国文学两部分，按照文学史分期循序讲解。
以重点作家和作品为纲，关键词为提示。
配合多媒体演示材料，通过图片和音像材料加深印象。
选读一些代表性篇章，并组织课堂讨论，推荐课外阅读的英美文学名作。
Early and Medieval English (450-1485)The English Renaissance (1485-1660)The period of the English Bourgeois Revolution (1660-1700)The 18th century literature (1700-1789)The Romanticism in England (1789-1837)English Critical Movement (1837-1901)Prose-writers and Poets of the mid and Late 19th centuryLiterature of 20th century (1900-2000)1. PoetsOld English Period: 450-1066-P3 Beowulf –the national epic ofAnglo-Saxon/7-8C-features: alliteration/metaphors and understatements/euphemism→ring-giver/king →swan-road, whale-path/sea →shield-bearer, battle-hero/soldier→sword-play/battle →choosing God‟s light, sleeping, leaving one‟s feast/death-P17 the Robin Hood BalladsMiddle English Period: 1066-1470-Chronicle-King Alfred the Great/a monument of Old English prose-Romance-…matters of Britain‟/the …matters of France‟/the …matters of Rome‟King Arthur and his round-table knights/Sir Gawain and the Greenknight/Le Morte d‟A rthur-Allegory: Piers the Plowman-William LanglandTheme:-affirms people‟s right to pursue earthly happiness-opposes asceticism-praise man‟s energy/intellect/quick wit/love of life-expose and satirize the evils of the time: the religious abusesStructure: general prologue followed by stories/ a separate prologue between twoFeature: Middle English; romance and allegory; reflecting changing social status;humorous and sarcastic-the first to present a comprehensive and realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales-introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to replace the Old English alliterative verse-establish English as a major literary language-Messenger of Humanism: He bore marks of humanism and thus initiated the movement of RenaissanceRoman Conquest: 55 B.C. to the 5th century: Julius Caesar/transportation system/Latin language and ChristianityEnglish Conquest: three tribes from northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes7th century combined into England, the land of Angles/Anglo-Saxon (the old English)Also witness the transition from tribal society to feudalismDanish Invasion: Danish Vikings/King AlfredNorman Conquest: French-speaking Norman‟s leader Duke William-Domesday‟s Book marks the establishment of feudalismCrown-barons-church/conceded in 13th century with parliament-End the slave system in 14th century-powerful popedom/Paganism→Catholicism-3 languages: Latin; French; Anglo-Saxon native English/Celtic dialect-social hierarchy formed/middle classSocially -The Hundred Years‟ War (1337-1453)-The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485)-The parliament-Agricultural→manufacturing + trade←Land Enclosure-Discovery and expansion-Royalty: the Tudors, the StuartsIdeologically -Religious reformation: Henry VIII-RenaissanceSonnet-Petrarchan, 彼得拉克十四行诗-Spenserian-Amoretti by SpenserABABBCBCCDCD-Shakespearean-Shakespeare-fourteen lines poemABABCDCDEFEFAstrophel and Stella by Sidney-the poets‟ poet-The faerie Queene-ababbcbbc-the most important transitional poet of 17th century-humanist ideals & Puritan morals-classical & revolutionaryThe fall of man/ freedom of will-from the Bible-The image of Satan-Samson Agonistes/semi-autobiography-the founder of the Metaphysical school-The Elegies and Satires-The Songs and Sonnets ( best known; Love is the basic theme. )No man is an island-establish the heroic couplet as one pf the principal English verse forms-aabbcc, first used by Chaucer-constitutional monarchy: parliament and cabinet, ministers-capitalist system-The Rape of the Lock-The Dunciad群愚史诗-By the middle of the 18th century, sentimentalism came into being as the result of a bitter discontent among the enlightened people with social reality. The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism. Dissatisfied with reason, sentimentalists appealed to sentiment, “to the human heart”. The poetry of the sentimentalists is marked by a sincere sympathy for the poverty-stricken, expropriated peasants. They wrote the “simple annals of the pool”.-Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard-Graveyard School墓园诗派-Songs of Innocence-Songs of Experience-Scottish dialect/A Red, Red Rose-Patriotism, optimism/Musical qualityRomanticism in England-William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey became known as theLake Poets, because they lived in the Lake District in the northwestern part of England.-According to the critics, such as, Francis Jeffrey, Thomas De Quincey, the Lake Poets shared only friendship and brief periods of collaboration, not similar philosophies or poetic styles.-Wordsworth used his imaginative powers to idealize nature-Coleridge explored the philosophical aspects of poetry,-Southey's Romantic efforts centered on travel and adventure.-leader of English romanticism-Lyrical Ballads-the Daffodils-老水手之歌-the vision of judgments-Byronic Hero-men with fiery passions and unbending will and express the poet‟s own ideal of freedom -these heroes rise against tyranny and injustice-merely lone fighters striving for personal freedom and some individualistic ends-Don Juan-Childe Harold‟s Pilgrimage-She walks in beauty-Prometheus Unbound解放的普罗米修斯-Ode to the West WindP252-Keats-Beauty in truth, truth in beauty-Ode to a Nightingale-Ode on a Grecian UrnThe mid and late 19CElizabeth Browning-the Cry of the ChildrenThe RossettisP348-Dante-Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood-the house of life (ballads and sonnets)P351-Christina-Goblin Market and Other Poems20CSymbolismP396-Yeats-leader of Irish literary revival-creator of the Abbey Theatre-When you‟re old/Leda and the Swan-1930S Auden Group: W. H. Auden, Stephen Spender, C. Day Lewis, Louis MacNeice2. Drama-origins: Religious festival celebrations in Middle AgesMystery playsMiracle playsMorality plays-Monologue/ Soliloquy- Blank verseUnrhymed poetry;Typically in iambic pentameter;A dominant verse formed of English dramatic and narrative poetry since mid-16th C. P50-Christopher Marlowe-humanist-Tamburlaine, the Jew of Malta, Doctor FaustusP49-most gifted of the university wits大学才子派John Lily, Christopher Marlowe, Robert Greene and Thomas Kyd.P55-Shakespeare-the great tragedies:OthelloKing LearMacbethHamlet-The Taming of the shrew驯悍记-The Tempest暴风雨-the Merchant of Venice: Bassanio, Antonio, Shylock, PortiaContributions:-one of the founders of realism in word literature. Living in the historical period of the transition from feudalism to capitalism, Shakespeare faithfully and vividly reflects, through a host of typical characters in his plays, the major social conditions of his time.-dramatic creation uses the method of adoption and breaks the rules of three unities-a great master of the English language. Shakespeare and the Authorized V ersion of the English Bible are the two great treasuries of the English language.P94-Ben Jonson-comedy of humor气质喜剧-Every Man in His Humour18th centuryP178-Sheridan-comedy of manner风俗喜剧-the School of Scandal谣言学校-the Rivals情敌The late 19th centuryP367-Aestheticism-arts for art‟s sakeP368-Oscar Wilde-the Happy Prince and Other Tales-the Picture of Dorian Gray道林格雷的画像-the Nightingale and the RoseIrish renaissance-mainly comediesP396-Yeats-creator of the Abbey TheatreP386-Bernard Shaw-Irish/ Fabian Society-社会问题剧-Mrs. Warren‟s Profession-Pygmalion-Widower‟s Houses-Saint Joan3. Prose and EssayEnglish RenaissanceP33-Thomas MoreP45-Francis Bacon-Essays小品文-the founder of English materialist philosophy-the founder of modern Science in EnglandEnglish Bourgeois RevolutionP112-Bunyan-the Pilgrim‟s Progress-religious allegory-Christian (from the City of Destruction to the Celestial City) -the original source of Vanity Fair18th centuryP128-Steele-the Tatler/P131-Addison-the Spectator最早的纸质报纸性读物Romanticism: the turn of 18th C and 19th CP254-LambP256-Essays of Elia-Familiar Essays随笔The end of 19CP356-William Morris-News from Nowhere乌有乡消息4. Novels18th centuryP138-Jonathan Swift-Gulliver‟s Travels-P147-Daniel Defoe-Robinson Crusoe斜体考书-the rising BourgeoisP153-Richardson-epistolary书信体-sentimentalismP154-PamelaP155-ClarissaP156-Henry Fielding-Tom Jones-Joseph Andrews-the founder of English Realistic Novel-the prose Homer of Human natureP174-Laurence Sterne-the Life and Opinion of Tristram ShandyP265-Walter Scott-the founder and great master of the historical novelP268-IvanhoeP269-Writing Features-combine historical fact with romantic imagination-historical events are closely interwoven with the fates of the individuals -creation of personages-romantic-conservatives in politicsCritical realism批判现实主义-cheaper paper-faster printing-easier circulation-more working readers demanding cheap literature-monthly installment became the fashion in novel publicationP279-Charles Dickens-Great Expectations-David Copperfield-A Tale of Two Cities-Oliver TwistP303-William Makepeace ThackerayP305-Vanity Fair: A Novel without a Hero-Rebecca (Becky) Sharp-from the Pilgrim‟s ProgressP309-Jane Austen-Pride and Prejudice-Sense and Sensibility-Emma-PersuasionP310-Charlotte-Jane Eyre-Jane Eyre, Mr. RochesterP312-Emily Bronte-Wuthering Heights-Heathcliff and CatherineP314-Mrs. Gaskell-Mary BartonP316-George Eliot-Adam Bede亚当彼得-Middlemarch米德尔马契-the Mill on the Floss 弗洛斯河上的磨坊-Silas Marner织工马南P364-Naturalism自然主义-According to the theory of naturalism, literature must be true to life-exactly reproduce real life without any selection-slum life can only represent the external appearance instead of the inner essence of real lifeP378-Thomas Hardy-the last one of 19th C-Tess of the D’Urbervilles: Tess Durbeyfield, Alec D‟Urbervilles, Angel Clare-Jude of Obscure无名的裘德20C现实主义三杰：Galsworthy, Wells (Time Machine), BennettP381-Galsworthy-the Forsyte Saga福尔赛世家-A Man of PropertyP373-Rudyard Kipling-the 1st English Nobel winner-the bard of imperialism帝国诗人鼓吹殖民ModernismP376-Joseph Conrad-impressionist-Lord Jim-Nostromo-Heart of Darkness-the Secret AgentP405-Stream of consciousness-Inherion monologue内心独白-Internal analysis-Free association-Montage蒙太奇P406-James Joyce-Ulysses-Leopold BloomP409-Virginia Woolf-Mrs. Dalloway-To the Lighthouse-the Waves-A Room of One‟s Ownwrence-psychological fiction/industrial setting-Sons and Lovers-autobiographical-Lady Chatterley‟s Lover-the Rainbow-Woman in LoveP442-E.M.Forster-A Passage to India-flat character and round character扁平人物圆形人物P446-Evelyn WaughP448-Brideshead Revisited故园风雨后-Decline and FallAnti-Utopian/Dystopian FictionP451-Aldous Huxley-Brave New World-title from The Tempest of Shakespeare高科技下人的异化P454-George Orwell-Animal Farm-Nineteen Eighty-FourAllegorical fictionP456-William GoldingP457-Lord of the FliesP459-Doris Lessing-the Grass Is Singing-the Golden Notebook。
