2018高考英语创新写作 习作规范提能(北师大版 )第二章第九节 图表类含答案

2018版高考英语大一轮复习第3部分创新写作第2章写作文体分类突破第8节看图写话类教师用书北师大版编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2018版高考英语大一轮复习第3部分创新写作第2章写作文体分类突破第8节看图写话类教师用书北师大版）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为2018版高考英语大一轮复习第3部分创新写作第2章写作文体分类突破第8节看图写话类教师用书北师大版的全部内容。

第八节看图写话类看图写话类作文，要求考生根据所给的一组图画，写出一篇故事完整、句子通顺、语意连贯、符合图意的短文。

在命题形式上除了图画的提示外，一般还有中英文提示，有的开头已给出。

着重考查考生的语言表达能力和想象力。

此类作文往往使用过去时，按照时间顺序叙述.开头开门见山、直入主题.正文注意用词恰当和句子之间的衔接过渡，可适当使用and，then，however，thus等使文章层次分明、语言通顺、意思连贯.结尾应自然有力。

[典例展示］(2016·高考北京卷)假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。

你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。

请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth"为题，给校刊“英语角"写一篇英文稿件,介绍活动的全过程。

注意：词数不少于60.提示词:地球日 Earth Day［佳作赏读］Actions for a Greener EarthA week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth。

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷)本试卷共14页,共120分.考试时长100分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

学&科网第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分）第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, w e last met more than thirty years ago。

A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC。

In other words D。

Believe it or not答案是D.1. -Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around。

—Hello, Peter. I'm Bob。

I just _________ on Monday。

A。

start B. have started C。

started D. had started2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. While C。

If D。

Until3。

_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.A。

Travel B。

Traveling C. Having traveled D。

Traveled4。

Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A。

第二节应用文(1)——书信书信写作旨在考查学生在实际生活中应用英语的能力，体现了学习英语的实用性。

书信种类很多，它包括感谢信、慰问(候)信、祝贺信、鼓励信、介绍信、自荐信、求职信、邀请信及其接受邀请的信、读者请求的解答信及其答复读者的信等。

书信格式一般不作考查内容(开头和结尾已给出)，重点考查考生的谋篇布局、遣词造句能力。

总的说来，写英语书信时有以下几点须注意：1．信件开头要开门见山、直入主题。

常用语句是(1)I'm writing to ...；(2)I'd like to ...2．信的正文是信函的主体部分。

在高考作文中应该按照题目要求把题目的要点表达清楚，使文章逻辑清晰、语言通顺；可以根据需要分为若干个段落；要确保没有遗漏内容要点。

3．注意根据收信人的年龄身份不同，信的语气也应不同，对朋友要亲切自然，对领导或长辈要委婉。

高考书信开头语段：(1)(2015·高考重庆卷)Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide，I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.了解到你在组织这个在全世界分享书籍的活动，我正在写信申请参加。

理由很简单，我爱读书，而且我有很多书。

(2)(2015·高考课标全国Ⅰ卷)Dear Peter，I'd like to ask you to write an article for our school's English newspaper.亲爱的Peter，我想请你为我们学校的英语报写一篇文章。

(3)(2014·高考北京卷)Dear Chris，How is it going?I remember we planned to visit Yunnan in July. But now，because myleft foot was injured, I cannot go with you as planned.亲爱的Chris，一切都好吗？我记得我们原本计划七月去云南。

图表作文本节内容一）图表作文写作要求图表作文就是把非文字信息（通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等）转换成文字信息的一种作文。

它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。

图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆图形、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，具体要求：1. 用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势；2. 就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。

图表作文着重说明事实，常常通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。

因此，图表作文常常采用议论文的写作方法。

二）写作步骤1.仔细阅读图表，了解图表所达的内容。

首先，用一句话概括图标的内容。

2.描写图表所反映的问题或规律3.结尾部分得出结论，表述自己的观点，结束全文。

(1)如果图表反映的是好的现象，首先要肯定、发表观点最后预测未来；(2)如果图表反映的是不好的现象，首先要否定、提出解决办法或建议三）写作实用表达（一）点明主题引用具体或粗略的数据，然后作出概括性分析，点名主题或引出需要论述的问题。

常用的词有：1.泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table饼图：pie chart 表格图：table 柱形图：bar chart趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram2.describe, show, represent, illustrate, reveal等等。

3. figure, statistic, number, percentage, proportion常用的开篇句型（即概述图表内容时常用的表达法）1.The graph/chart/table above shows / describes / illustrates that.....2. From the above graph/chart, it can be seen that…3. As is shown in the graph…4.The chart/table shows the differences between…5. According to the table/pie chart/ graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that …（二）分析差异描写变化及总趋势特征、分析差异：数据说明常用套语:1.There was a great /slight increase /rise in…2.The number /rate has nearly doubled, compared with that of last year.3.The number is …times as much as that of….原因说明常用套语:1.The reason for…is that…2.The change results from the fact that…3.There are several causes for this significant growth in…. To begin with .... In addition/ Furthermore/ Moreover,...4. There are many factors that may account for...but the following are...（三）得出结论结尾常用套语1. Personally/ as far as I’m concerned/ in short/ in brief/ in conclusion /in summary2. It’s clear/evident from the chart that… / We can draw the conclusion that…3. From what has been discussed above/Taking into account all these factors, we can draw the conclusion that…4. There is no doubt that special attention must be paid to the problem of...5. It is high time that we put an end to the tendency of...图表作文常用单词、词组和句型总结：1）表示数据变化的单词或词组rapid/ rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，dramatic/ dramatically 急剧的sharp /sharply 明显的，急剧的significant/ significantly 重大的sradual/ gradually 渐进的，逐渐的steady / steadily 稳固的stable / stably 稳定的slow /slowly 缓慢的slight / slightly 略微的2）在描述中常用到的词汇significant changes 图中一些较大变化noticeable trend 明显趋势distribute 分配in terms of/ regarding/ with regard to/ as far as sth is concerned 关于，就...而言3) 描述增减变化常用的句型Compared with … is still increased by …The number of … grew/rose from … to …An increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of …In … the number remains the same/drops to …There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in ......There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/dramatic) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in ....../ compared with that of last year).4) 图表作文常用句型精选1. The table shows the changes in the number of.....over the period from....to......该表格描述了在...年至...年间...数量的变化。

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（考试时间:120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1。

答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.2。

作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效.3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节,满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1。

5分，满分7.5分)听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.例:How much is the shirt？A。

￡19。

15。

B.￡9。

18. C.￡9.15.1。

What does John find difficult in learning German？A.Pronunciation.B.Vocabulary.C.Grammar.2。

What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A。

Colleagues.第1 页共18 页B。

Brother and sister.C。

Teacher and student.3。

Where does the conversation probably take place？A。

In a bank. B。

At a ticket office. C。

On a train。

4。

What are the speakers talking about？A.A restaurant。

B.A street.C.A dish。

5.What does the woman think of her interview?A。

It was tough。

B。

It was interesting。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（卷2）英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt ?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.4.What does John find difficult in learning German ?A.Pronunciation.B.Vocabulary.C.Grammar.5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers ?A.Colleagues.B.Brother and sister.C.Teacher and student.6.Where does the conversation probably take place ?A. In a bank.B. At a ticket office.C. On a train.7. What are the speakers talking about?A.A restaurant.B.A street.C.A dish.8.What does the woman think of her interview ?A.It was tough.B.It was interesting.C.It was successful.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

2018 年高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ卷）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分）第一节（共15 小题；每小题2 分，满分30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

ASummer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents / carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalized, parents / carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.21.Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?A. OUT.B. WBP.C. CRF.D. POT.22.What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?A.Travel to London.B. See a parade and fireworks.C. Tour central Paris.D. Visit the WWI battlefields.23.How long does Potty about Potter last?A. Two days.B. Four days.C. Five days.D. One week.BMany of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance . These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia ’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃),they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fu n activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24.What does the author seem to like about cherries?A.They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste.D. They are rich in antioxidants.25.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A.To make them smell better.B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.26.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.27.From which is the text probably taken?A.A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper.D. A travel brochure.CTeens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom (逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A.Children’s reading habits.B. Quality of children’s books.C. Children’s after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.29.Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?A.In paragraph 2.B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4.D. In paragraph 5.30.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A.E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm children’s health.D. E-readers are expensive.31.How should parents encourage their children to read moreA. Act as role models for them.B. Ask them to write book reports.C.Set up reading groups for them. D. Talk with their reading class teachers.DWe’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging , or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary . But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy , but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn ’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation . Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication , says Bernardo Carducci , director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study , Elizabeth Dunn , associate professor of psychology at UBC , invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter ; the other , to speak only when necessary . The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience . “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband ,” say Dunn . “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.32.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A.Addiction to smartphones.B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C.Absence of communication between strangers.D.Impatience with slow service.33.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A.Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A.It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35.What is the best title for the text?A.Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC.Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence第二节(共5 小题；每小题2 分，满分10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

第九节图表类图表分类：(1)数字表、函数关系图、曲线图(graph)；(2)饼状图(pie chart)；条状图、柱状图(bar chart)；(3)平面图、示意图、外形图(diagram)。

图表类作文是说明文的一种，一般可分三个层次来写：(1)按照题目要求描述图表反映的总情况，即概括大意；， (2)对数字进行仔细的比较，抓住特点进行分析、归纳并找出产生变化的原因；(3)可写读图表后的想法、结论、评论或针对反映出的问题的解决措施。

注意：(1)考生应仔细研究题目及提示信息，认清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，抓住其主要特点，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定内容层次以及主题句。

(2)考生应仔细研究图表所给出的大量信息，从中选取最重要、最有代表性的信息。

然后根据全文的主旨去组织运用所获取的关键信息。

切忌简单地罗列图表所给出的信息。

一、写作常识1.常用的描述句型(1) The table/chart/diagram/graph shows (that) ...(2) According to the table/chart/diagram/graph ...(3)As (is) shown in the table/chart/diagram/graph ...(4)As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures ...(5)We can see from the figures/statistics ...(6)It is clear/apparent from the figures/statistics ...(7) The table shows the changes in the number of ...over the period from ... to ...2．图表中数据(data)的具体表达法(1)数据(data)在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in a time(2)在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time(3)增加：increase/raise/rise/go up ...(4)减少：decrease/grow down/drop/fall ...(5)稳定：remain stable3．描写变化的形容词及副词(1)rapid/rapidly(2)dramatic/dramatically(3)significant/significantly(4)sharp/sharply(5)steep/steeply(6)steady/steadily(7)gradual/gradually(8)slow/slowly(9)slight/slightly(10)stable/stably二、写作模板As (is) shown/indicated by the figure/in the table/graph/pie chart/chart，(讨论议题) has been increased/decreased significantly/steadily from to . From the sharp decline/rise in the chart，it goes without sayingthat ．There are at least two reasons accounting for ．On the onehand， . On the other hand，is due to the factthat . In addition， is responsible for . Maybethere are other reasons to show . But it is generally believed that theabove mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the view that ．I am sure my opinionis both sound and well grounded.(2017·江西赣中南五校重点中学二联)最近，我国教育专家对我国中学生所喜爱的节日进行了一项调查，北京和广州的1000多名中学生接受了调查。

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2018年全国普通高等学校统一考试英语试题（本试卷共12 页。

时间：120 分钟总分:150 分）第一部分听力（共两节,满分30 分）做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

例:How much is the shirt?A。

￡19. 15 B. ￡9. 18C。

￡9。

15答案是C。

第一节听下面 5 段对话.每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does John find difficult in learning German？A. Pronunciation。

B. Vocabulary。

C。

Grammar。

2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A。

Colleagues。

B. Brother and sister。

C。

Teacher and student.3. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a bank. B。