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英语句子成分分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。
一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。
句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。
句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语（核心：主动词）1．主语：句子的主体，是谓语陈述，说明的对象。
If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。
The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。
充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）主语从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式。
形式主语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。
如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。
) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。
) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。
)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替, 而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。
如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。
) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。
初高中衔接句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
语法精讲：句子成分和基本句子结构知识点1 句子成分句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要句子成分（sentence elements）有主语（S）、谓语（V）、宾语（0）、补语（C）、状语（A）、表语（P）、定语（Attr.）等。
具体如下：1．主语（subject）：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：The students are listening to me carefully. They want to learn English well. Learning English well isn't as hard as you think.学生们在认真听我讲课。
他们想学好英语，学好英语不像你想的那么难。
2.谓语(verb):说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如:He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
The students are playing basketball on the playground.学生们正在操场上打篮球。
The film is interesting.这部电影很有趣。
3.宾语(object):指动作所涉及的人或事物。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词或介词之后。
有的动词后面可以接两个宾语,通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object),把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。
如:He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算买本词典。
(动词的宾语)We should learn from him.我们应向他学习。
（介词的宾语）Lend me your book，please.请把你的书借给我。
英文句子八种基本结构学好英语就必须看懂英文句子结构，而熟练掌握英语句子的八种基本结构是写好英文句子的前提条件。
下面介绍英文句子的八种基本结构。
一、S + V（主语+ 谓语）主谓结构中的谓语主要是由不及物动词以及相当于不及物动词的短语动词来充当。
1.The sun rises in the east and falls in the west every day.太阳每天从东边升起西边落下。
2.Who cares? 谁在乎呢？3.The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流畅。
4.They talked for half an hour. 他们交谈了半个小时。
5.Great changes have taken place in the city in the past decade.在过去十年中，这个城市发生了巨大的变化。
二、S + V + P（主语+系动词+表语）英文中常见的系动词有be, feel, taste, smell, fall, become, turn, sound, appear, seem, grow, turn, look等等。
1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是一本英汉字典。
2.The dinner smells good. 这饭菜闻起来真香。
3.He fell in love. 他恋爱了。
4.His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。
5.The little boy looked very worried. 这个小男孩显得很焦虑。
三、S + V + O（主语+谓语+宾语）在主谓宾结构中，谓语主要由及物动词以及相当于及物动词的短语动词来充当。
1.Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？2.He has refused to help them. 他已经拒绝帮助他们。
3.He enjoys reading. 他喜欢阅读。
句子成分练习一、句子成分1.主语(subject)Eating too much is bad for your health.2.谓语(verb)Recently, the effect of tourism on the environment has attracted people's attention.3.宾语(object)Where he once feel like giving UD, he now has the determination to push further and keep on moving.4.bin (complement)They arc having their house painted.5.状语(adverbial)Fortunately, everything worked out all right in the end.6.表语(predictive)The old man felt very tired after a whole day's hard word.7.定语(attributive)Come to my office and I have something imDorlant to tell you.巩固练习写出下列句子中划线部分充当的句子成分。
1.Smoking does harm to health.2.The weather turned warm.3.The boy cried after hearing the sad news.4.My father bought inc a new bike last week.5.1 find the Droblum really confusing.6.Much interested, he agreed【o give it a trv.7.The club sei UD bv John was a DODular club of my school.8.You should ihink about whal I。
英语句子成分解析1、主语(subject)2、谓语(predicate)3、宾语（object）4、表语（predicative）5、定语（attribute）6、状语（adverbial）7、补语（complement）8、同位语（appositive）1、主语(subject)是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体，它的位置一般在一句之首，可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1. Our master is very kind.2. He is a good boy.3. Teaching them English is her job.4. To work with them is very interesting指出下列句中的主语① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2、谓语(predicate)或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。
1．由简单的动词构成。
(1). He worked hard all day today.(2). The plane took off at ten o’clock.2．由动词短语构成的谓语。
(1). I am reading.(2). You can do it if you try hard.3．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。
